农业废弃物再生吸附剂制备及其性能研究
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摘要
以农业废弃物茭白叶为原料,利用氯化铁或氯化亚铁溶液进行浸渍改性,再生制备了吸附剂。配制了适量浓度的磷酸二氢钠溶液模拟含磷富营养化水体,研究了吸附剂吸附磷元素的效果和机制。同时针对实际河水开展了实证研究,取得了较好的效果。该研究工作为拓展具有水乡特色农业废弃物的循环利用,以及对于治理富营养化废水开展了富有意义的探索。
利用扫描电镜研究了茭白叶改性前后的表面形貌变化,设计进行了一系列吸附试验,重点研究了被吸附溶液pH值、浸渍改性液的浓度、生物吸附剂的粒度、吸附时间等因素对磷吸附能力的影响。研究结果表明:采用5%FeCl3溶液对原始茭白叶进行浸渍改性制备的片状生物吸附剂I,当被吸附溶液pH值为5.5,吸附时间为30小时,磷吸附能力可达4.36mg/g。另一方面,采用12%FeCl2溶液对原始茭白叶进行浸渍改性制备的片状生物吸附剂II,在pH值为5.5的NaH2PO4溶液中经30h吸附后,其去磷能力最高可达5.02mg/g。两种吸附实验均符合伪一级动力学模型。红外光谱研究表明,农业废弃物茭白叶经过充分浸渍改性处理后,茭白叶中纤维素的羟基与浸渍液中铁离子发生反应,使茭白叶生物吸附剂产生了较强的吸附除磷能力。
利用茭白叶为原材料,以氯化钙作为催化剂、以碳酸钾作为活化剂,经过真空烧结制备了茭白叶混合吸附剂。设计进行了不同吸附条件下的吸附实验,研究了吸附剂吸附磷元素的行为。研究结果发现:采用0.1mol/LCaCl2以及1mol/L K2CO3溶液浸渍茭白叶,烧结制备的混合吸附剂,在吸附剂用量为0.1g,吸附时间为32小时的实验条件下,被吸附后的水溶液磷元素含量可达地表水环境质量标准(GB3838-2002)一类湖库水质标准总磷含量为0.02mg/L(ppm)以下。利用X射线衍射揭示了茭白叶混合吸附剂中存在碳酸钙微晶是吸附去磷的主要原因。上述混合吸附剂经酸洗和氯化铁溶液浸渍处理,针对实际湖水样品进行了磷吸附实证研究,取得了较好的效果。
This paper aims at dealing with the eutrophic water caused by the excessive phosphorus nutrient in the industrial detergents and agricultural fertilizers. The bio-sorbent I—the cellulosic material Water Bamboo Leaves (WBL) treated with FeCl3 solution is found to improve the phosphorus removal capability. The adsorption results show that the bio-sorbent has much greater phosphorus removal capacity than natural WBL. By studying the effects of the different experimental parameters, the best phosphorus removal capacity could achieve 4.36mg/g at the conditions of the pieces size WBL modified with 5%FeCl3、pH at 5.5、the time of the adsorption at 30h. Through the Infrared spectra, we study the adsorption mechanism.
In this paper, the bio-sorbent II—the cellulosic material Water Bamboo Leaves (WBL) treated with FeCl2 solution is taken for research about its phosphorus removal capability. Through the SEM, we found the surface morphology changes between WBL and the bio-sorbent. By studying the effects of the different experimental parameters, the best phosphorus removal capacity could achieve 5.02mg/g at the condition of the pieces size WBL modified with 12%FeCl2、pH at 5.5、the time of the adsorption 30h. The high phosphorus removal capacity mechanism could be due to the formation of compounds on the bio-sorbent. The compounds formed through the ferric ions reacting with hydroxyl on the WBL cellulose. Kinetics studies revealed that the adsorption process follows a pseudo-first order kinetic mode.
Using 0.1mol/LCaCl2, 1mol/L K2CO3 as Catalyst and activator, the WBL mixed adsorbent preparation conditions have found through different adsorption experiments. The studies find that the initial phosphorus concentration under experimental conditions has little impact on P adsorption. Through X-ray diffraction analysis of activated carbon made from WBL, the activated carbon has micro-crystal structure of calcium carbonate. Using the mixed adsorbent 0.1g, after 32 hours adsorption, the initial concentration of the phosphorus solution 2mg/L decrease to 0.02ppm, the first level of the surface water environmental quality standards (GB3838-2002).
利用扫描电镜研究了茭白叶改性前后的表面形貌变化,设计进行了一系列吸附试验,重点研究了被吸附溶液pH值、浸渍改性液的浓度、生物吸附剂的粒度、吸附时间等因素对磷吸附能力的影响。研究结果表明:采用5%FeCl3溶液对原始茭白叶进行浸渍改性制备的片状生物吸附剂I,当被吸附溶液pH值为5.5,吸附时间为30小时,磷吸附能力可达4.36mg/g。另一方面,采用12%FeCl2溶液对原始茭白叶进行浸渍改性制备的片状生物吸附剂II,在pH值为5.5的NaH2PO4溶液中经30h吸附后,其去磷能力最高可达5.02mg/g。两种吸附实验均符合伪一级动力学模型。红外光谱研究表明,农业废弃物茭白叶经过充分浸渍改性处理后,茭白叶中纤维素的羟基与浸渍液中铁离子发生反应,使茭白叶生物吸附剂产生了较强的吸附除磷能力。
利用茭白叶为原材料,以氯化钙作为催化剂、以碳酸钾作为活化剂,经过真空烧结制备了茭白叶混合吸附剂。设计进行了不同吸附条件下的吸附实验,研究了吸附剂吸附磷元素的行为。研究结果发现:采用0.1mol/LCaCl2以及1mol/L K2CO3溶液浸渍茭白叶,烧结制备的混合吸附剂,在吸附剂用量为0.1g,吸附时间为32小时的实验条件下,被吸附后的水溶液磷元素含量可达地表水环境质量标准(GB3838-2002)一类湖库水质标准总磷含量为0.02mg/L(ppm)以下。利用X射线衍射揭示了茭白叶混合吸附剂中存在碳酸钙微晶是吸附去磷的主要原因。上述混合吸附剂经酸洗和氯化铁溶液浸渍处理,针对实际湖水样品进行了磷吸附实证研究,取得了较好的效果。
This paper aims at dealing with the eutrophic water caused by the excessive phosphorus nutrient in the industrial detergents and agricultural fertilizers. The bio-sorbent I—the cellulosic material Water Bamboo Leaves (WBL) treated with FeCl3 solution is found to improve the phosphorus removal capability. The adsorption results show that the bio-sorbent has much greater phosphorus removal capacity than natural WBL. By studying the effects of the different experimental parameters, the best phosphorus removal capacity could achieve 4.36mg/g at the conditions of the pieces size WBL modified with 5%FeCl3、pH at 5.5、the time of the adsorption at 30h. Through the Infrared spectra, we study the adsorption mechanism.
In this paper, the bio-sorbent II—the cellulosic material Water Bamboo Leaves (WBL) treated with FeCl2 solution is taken for research about its phosphorus removal capability. Through the SEM, we found the surface morphology changes between WBL and the bio-sorbent. By studying the effects of the different experimental parameters, the best phosphorus removal capacity could achieve 5.02mg/g at the condition of the pieces size WBL modified with 12%FeCl2、pH at 5.5、the time of the adsorption 30h. The high phosphorus removal capacity mechanism could be due to the formation of compounds on the bio-sorbent. The compounds formed through the ferric ions reacting with hydroxyl on the WBL cellulose. Kinetics studies revealed that the adsorption process follows a pseudo-first order kinetic mode.
Using 0.1mol/LCaCl2, 1mol/L K2CO3 as Catalyst and activator, the WBL mixed adsorbent preparation conditions have found through different adsorption experiments. The studies find that the initial phosphorus concentration under experimental conditions has little impact on P adsorption. Through X-ray diffraction analysis of activated carbon made from WBL, the activated carbon has micro-crystal structure of calcium carbonate. Using the mixed adsorbent 0.1g, after 32 hours adsorption, the initial concentration of the phosphorus solution 2mg/L decrease to 0.02ppm, the first level of the surface water environmental quality standards (GB3838-2002).
引文
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[2] Prasad S, Singh A, Joshi HC. Ethanol as an alternative fuel from agricultural, industrial and urban residues. Resources, Conservation and Recycling 2007;50:1.
[3] Yalc?in N, Sevinc V. Studies on silica obtained from rice husk. Ceramics International 2001;27:219.
[4] Huang S, Jing S, Wang J, Wang Z, Jin Y. Silica white obtained from rice husk in a fluidized bed. Powder Technology 2001;117:232.
[5]董文.秸秆等资源的综合利用.安徽科技1999:22.
[6]高学锋.多菌发酵秸秆饲料生产工艺.内蒙古教育学报(自然科学版) 1999;12:36.
[7]胡明秀.农业废弃物资源化综合利用途径探讨.安徽农业科学2004;32:757.
[8] Fan YT, Zhang YH, Zhang SF, Hou HW, Ren BZ. Efficient conversion of wheat straw wastes into biohydrogen gas by cow dung compost. Bioresource Technology 2006;97:500.
[9]袁辉,刘敏,等.生物质能对我国能源政策的影响.高技术纵览2006:55.
[10]贾小黎,丁航.中国生物质产业现状、问题和建议.太阳能2007:10.
[11] Orlando US, Baes AU, Nishijima W, Okada M. Preparation of agricultural residue anion exchangers and its nitrate maximum adsorption capacity. Chemosphere 2002;48:1041.
[12] Gong R, Ding Y, Li M, Yang C, Liu H, Sun Y. Utilization of powdered peanut hull as biosorbent for removal of anionic dyes from aqueous solution. Dyes and Pigments 2005;64:187.
[13] Robinson T, Chandran B, Nigam P. Removal of dyes from a synthetic textile dye effluent by biosorption on apple pomace and wheat straw. Water Research 2002;36:2824.
[14] Ajmal M, Hussain Khan A, Ahmad S, Ahmad A. Role of sawdust in the removal of copper(II) from industrial wastes. Water Research 1998;32:3085.
[15] Namasivayam C, Muniasamy N, Gayatri K, Rani M, Ranganathan K. Removal of dyes from aqueous solutions by cellulosic waste orange peel. Bioresource Technology 1996;57:37.
[16] Sreenivasulu A, Sundaram EV, Komal Reddy M. Phosphate adsorption studies using carbon prepared from stem bark of Eucalyptus teriticornis Smith. Indian Journal of Chemical Technology 1999;6:256.
[17] Ayoub GM, Koopman B, Pandya N. Iron and aluminum hydroxy (oxide) coated filter media for low-concentration phosphorus removal. Water Environment Research 2001;73:478.
[18] Eberhardt TL, Min SH, Han JS. Phosphate removal by refined aspen wood fiber treated with carboxymethyl cellulose and ferrous chloride. Bioresource Technology 2006;97:2371.
[19] Eberhardt TL, Min SH. Biosorbents prepared from wood particles treated with anionic polymer and iron salt: Effect of particle size on phosphate adsorption. Bioresource Technology 2008;99:626.
[20] Manju GN, Raji C, Anirudhan TS. Evaluation of coconut husk carbon for the removal of arsenic from water. Water Research 1998;32:3062.
[21] Namasivayam C, Sangeetha D. Equilibrium and kinetic studies of adsorption of phosphate ontoZnCl 2 activated coir pith carbon. Journal of Colloid and Interface Science 2004;280:359.
[22]张东升.竹炭及SiC陶瓷材料的结构及性能研究. vol.博士:中国林业科学研究院, 2005. p.163.
[23] Lin C, Popov BN, Ploehn HJ. Modeling the effects of electrode composition and pore structure on the performance of electrochemical capacitors. Journal of the Electrochemical Society 2002;149:A167.
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