分户计量供热系统中新型测控装置的研究
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摘要
随着我国能源供求关系的日益紧张,供热系统的节能已是迫在眉睫。作为节能的主要手段之一,在供热采暖系统中,采用按热量消耗收费的技术势在必行。但目前供热采暖系统中,缺乏一种有效的计量装置,因此研究一种测控装置,进行分户采暖收费,对我国供热系统节能具有重大意义。
本文是针对目前国内分户计量供热系统中的实际情况,提出了一种新型测控装置,采用此装置与控制系统结合,可以实现对供热系统的远程控制、分时控制、分区控制。
本文在分析新型测控装置工作环境与技术要求的基础上,对比不同的动力源,提出了该装置的总体方案,并根据实际加工情况,对动力源进行了改进。文中详细说明了动力部分和传动执行部分的设计过程,介绍了装置的工作原理与工作过程,着重解释了传动装置的工作情况。
根据提出的总体方案,对装置的总体受力进行了分析,计算了装置中各部件的总体位移,重点介绍了动力源的设计计算,文中同时详细设计计算了棘轮、离合器、上下弹簧、气动装置等几个重要部件,并利用COSMOS软件对其中的一些部件进行了受力分析。
根据文中所设计的装置,针对实际加工装配过程中遇到的问题,进行反复修正,生产了一台原理机。利用已加工的装置和半导体制冷器,对装置的功能性参数力和位移做了检测,根据得到的实验数据,选取了比较合理的气缸初始压力,积累了一定的实验经验。针对实验中所遇到的曲型臂、杠杆和气动装置的问题,提出了改进意见。
Along with the increasingly tense relationship between energy supply and demand, energy conservation of heating system is imminent. As one of the main means of energy conservation, charges by energy consumption in heating system is imperative. However, the current heating system lack of an effective measurement device. That, studying a monitoring device for household heating charges, is a great significant study to China's heating system energy saving.
This article focuses on the actual situation in current domestic household metering heating system and proposes a new type of monitoring device. This device with control system can enable heating system to achieve remote control, time control and area control.
This paper analyzes working environments and technical requirements of the monitoring device, compares different power sources and proposes overall program of the device. At the same time, the paper improves the power device according to the actual processing conditions. The article details the design process of power and transmission parts, introduces the operating principle and working process, and intensively explains the work of transmission device.
According to the overall program, the paper analyzes the force of the device, calculates displacement of the various components in the device, and highlights the design and planning of the power device. The thesis detailed design of several important components, such as ratch, clutch, upper and lower springs, pneumatic equipment and so on. And then, COSMOS software is used to analyze the force of them.
According to the designed program and the problems of manufacturing and fitting process, a theory machine is repeatedly modified and finally produced. That, using processed device and thermal electrical refrigerator, detects force and displacement that are functional parameters of equipment. According to the experimental data, the paper selects a reasonable initial cylinder pressure, and accumulates some experimental experience. The problems of bending pole, lever and power device encountered in the experiment are discussed.
本文是针对目前国内分户计量供热系统中的实际情况,提出了一种新型测控装置,采用此装置与控制系统结合,可以实现对供热系统的远程控制、分时控制、分区控制。
本文在分析新型测控装置工作环境与技术要求的基础上,对比不同的动力源,提出了该装置的总体方案,并根据实际加工情况,对动力源进行了改进。文中详细说明了动力部分和传动执行部分的设计过程,介绍了装置的工作原理与工作过程,着重解释了传动装置的工作情况。
根据提出的总体方案,对装置的总体受力进行了分析,计算了装置中各部件的总体位移,重点介绍了动力源的设计计算,文中同时详细设计计算了棘轮、离合器、上下弹簧、气动装置等几个重要部件,并利用COSMOS软件对其中的一些部件进行了受力分析。
根据文中所设计的装置,针对实际加工装配过程中遇到的问题,进行反复修正,生产了一台原理机。利用已加工的装置和半导体制冷器,对装置的功能性参数力和位移做了检测,根据得到的实验数据,选取了比较合理的气缸初始压力,积累了一定的实验经验。针对实验中所遇到的曲型臂、杠杆和气动装置的问题,提出了改进意见。
Along with the increasingly tense relationship between energy supply and demand, energy conservation of heating system is imminent. As one of the main means of energy conservation, charges by energy consumption in heating system is imperative. However, the current heating system lack of an effective measurement device. That, studying a monitoring device for household heating charges, is a great significant study to China's heating system energy saving.
This article focuses on the actual situation in current domestic household metering heating system and proposes a new type of monitoring device. This device with control system can enable heating system to achieve remote control, time control and area control.
This paper analyzes working environments and technical requirements of the monitoring device, compares different power sources and proposes overall program of the device. At the same time, the paper improves the power device according to the actual processing conditions. The article details the design process of power and transmission parts, introduces the operating principle and working process, and intensively explains the work of transmission device.
According to the overall program, the paper analyzes the force of the device, calculates displacement of the various components in the device, and highlights the design and planning of the power device. The thesis detailed design of several important components, such as ratch, clutch, upper and lower springs, pneumatic equipment and so on. And then, COSMOS software is used to analyze the force of them.
According to the designed program and the problems of manufacturing and fitting process, a theory machine is repeatedly modified and finally produced. That, using processed device and thermal electrical refrigerator, detects force and displacement that are functional parameters of equipment. According to the experimental data, the paper selects a reasonable initial cylinder pressure, and accumulates some experimental experience. The problems of bending pole, lever and power device encountered in the experiment are discussed.
引文
1涂逢祥.中国建筑节能60年:任重道远.城市住宅, 2009:76~79
2刘向东.深入开展建筑节能工作的建议.天津建设科技,2005,15(1):15~17
3陈冬维,杨修茂.建筑节能设计在GEF示范项目中的应用.天津建设科技,2004,14(6):5~7
4戴彦德.从我国可持续发展中的能源问题看节能的地位和作用[J].中国建材,2004,(6):27~28
5刘振印.建筑给排水节能节水技术探讨[J].给水排水,2007,33(1):61~70.
6刘苏,彭盈.我国住宅建筑节能实施所面临的机遇和挑战[J].建筑经济,2007,(12):21~23
7马宏权,龙惟定,朱东凌.我国建筑节能的发展思考.建筑热能通风空调,2009,28(2):29~32
8李向东,于晓明.分户热计量采暖系统设计与安装.北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2004,19~39,66~74
9王宏伟,王思平,王培.分户式热计量和温度控制的单管供暖系统.住宅科技,2004,(7):36~38
10田雨辰.计量供热问题的相关研究.天津大学, 2007:2~6
11 Gopal P. Maheshwari, HanayAl-Taqi, Raba'aAl-Murad et al. programmable thermostat for energy Saving[J]. Energy and Buildings,2001(33):667~672
12郭显升.温控阀感温元件的特性研究.兰州理工大学,2006:2~5
13 King, A. B. Controlling heat in the home. Source:Electrical Equipment,1978:18~23
14李增志.室内采暖计量温控系统的研究.华北电力大学(河北),2007:1~10
15 Mark C. Herberg. Control valves selection for hydraulic system. ASHRAE Journal 2000:11~33
16宋进国,徐冬梅.低温热水地板辐射采暖系统热计量探讨.煤炭工程,2004(5):15~16
17 Honglian Thybo, Lars F. S. Larsen and Claus Thybo. Control of a water-based floor heating system. Control Applications, 2007. CCA 2007. IEEE International Conference on1-3 Oct. 2007 Page(s):288~294.
18李继来.在多种散热器连接形式中温控阀的应用.供热制冷,2003,(12):38~41
19罗礼森.自力式恒温阀恒温特性研究.广东工业大学,2008:2~20
20 Bozhi Yang, Qiao Lin. ALatchable Microvalve using Phase Change of Paraffin Wax[J]. Sensors and ActuatorA (2006),doi:10.1016/j.sna.2006
21 Petitjean D, Schmitt J F, Fioranietc J M.Some Temperature-sensitive Properties of Pure Linear Alkanes andn-ary Mixt-ures[J]. Fuel,2006,85:1323~1328
22 W. L. Scott, Energy conservation from Individual heat use monitoring multifamily properties, Ashrae Transaction:Research,1991:396~405
23 Milbank, N.O.;Lynn, J. Harrington, Thermal response and the admittance procedure. Building Services Engineer,1974,42:38~50
24 Billington, N.S. Thernal insulation and thermal capacity of buildings. Bullding ServieesEngineer,1976,43:226~233
25 Thomton, Samuel B.; Nair, Satish5. ; Mistry, Sanjay I. Sensitivity analysis for building thermal loads. ASHRAE Transactions,1997,103(2):165~174
26焦洁.散热器的伴侣—温控阀.中国建设信息供热制冷, 2004(01):106~107
27 X.Zou, J. A. Jordan, M. Shillor. Adynamic model for a thermostat[J]. Journal of Engineering Mathematie, 1999,36(4):291~310
28 P. Selvagana Pathy, E. T. Carlen, C. H. Mastrangelo. Eleetrothermally actuated inline Microfluidic valve [J]. Sensors and AetuatorsA104, 2003:275~282
29 V. A. F. Costa, J. A. F. Ferreira, R. A. A. T. Igeja et al. Modeling and simulation of a thermostatic mixer with an anti-scalding or anti-cold system[J]. International joumal of thermal sciences, 2008, 47:903~917
30 R Lipton. Design of particle reinforced heat conducting composites with interfacial thermal barriers[J]. J Comp Mater, 1998,32(14):1332~1336
31 Klaus Kaae Andersen, Henrik Madsen, Ole Knop, Niels Gregersen. Modelling of a Thermostatic Valve with Hysteresis Effects[J]. Applied Thermal Eng, 2002(17):214~216
32 D W. Sundstrom, LEE Yu-Der. Thermal conductivity of Polymers filled with Particulate solids[J]. J Appl Polym. Sci., 1972,16(10):3159~3164
33 Chamchi M, Sparrow E M. Analysis of Natural Convection in the Space between Concentric Vertical Cylinders of Different Height and Diameter[J]. Numerical Heat Transfer, 1982,25:119~144
34 Sparrow E M, Chamchi M. Natural Convection Experiments in an Enclosure between Eccentric or Concentric Vertical Cylinders of Different Height and Diameter[J]. Int J Heat Mass Transfer, 1983,26(1):133~143
35 Klintberg L, Karlsson M, Stenmark L, et al. A large stroke high Force Paraffin Phase Transition Actuator[J]. Sensors and Actuators A, 2002, 96(2):189~195
36邹慧君,殷鸿梁.间歇运动机构设计与应用创新.机械工业出版社,2008:17~28
37孙海祥.气体状态方程四种表达方式的讨论.重庆师范学院学报, 1996(13):119~121
38朱孝录.中国机械设计大典4.江西科学技术出版社, 2002:1660~1666
39叶修梓,陈超祥. COSMOSWorks Designer.机械工业出版社,2007:1~10
40阮忠唐.联轴器、离合器设计与选用指南.化学工业出版社, 2006:186~189
41 J. R. Mansuco. Couplings And Joints. New York. MARCEL DEKKKER INC, 1986
42张英会,刘辉航,王德成.弹簧手册.机械工业出版社, 2008:386~394
43 David McMahon. MATLAB Demystified. McGraw-Hill, 2007
2刘向东.深入开展建筑节能工作的建议.天津建设科技,2005,15(1):15~17
3陈冬维,杨修茂.建筑节能设计在GEF示范项目中的应用.天津建设科技,2004,14(6):5~7
4戴彦德.从我国可持续发展中的能源问题看节能的地位和作用[J].中国建材,2004,(6):27~28
5刘振印.建筑给排水节能节水技术探讨[J].给水排水,2007,33(1):61~70.
6刘苏,彭盈.我国住宅建筑节能实施所面临的机遇和挑战[J].建筑经济,2007,(12):21~23
7马宏权,龙惟定,朱东凌.我国建筑节能的发展思考.建筑热能通风空调,2009,28(2):29~32
8李向东,于晓明.分户热计量采暖系统设计与安装.北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2004,19~39,66~74
9王宏伟,王思平,王培.分户式热计量和温度控制的单管供暖系统.住宅科技,2004,(7):36~38
10田雨辰.计量供热问题的相关研究.天津大学, 2007:2~6
11 Gopal P. Maheshwari, HanayAl-Taqi, Raba'aAl-Murad et al. programmable thermostat for energy Saving[J]. Energy and Buildings,2001(33):667~672
12郭显升.温控阀感温元件的特性研究.兰州理工大学,2006:2~5
13 King, A. B. Controlling heat in the home. Source:Electrical Equipment,1978:18~23
14李增志.室内采暖计量温控系统的研究.华北电力大学(河北),2007:1~10
15 Mark C. Herberg. Control valves selection for hydraulic system. ASHRAE Journal 2000:11~33
16宋进国,徐冬梅.低温热水地板辐射采暖系统热计量探讨.煤炭工程,2004(5):15~16
17 Honglian Thybo, Lars F. S. Larsen and Claus Thybo. Control of a water-based floor heating system. Control Applications, 2007. CCA 2007. IEEE International Conference on1-3 Oct. 2007 Page(s):288~294.
18李继来.在多种散热器连接形式中温控阀的应用.供热制冷,2003,(12):38~41
19罗礼森.自力式恒温阀恒温特性研究.广东工业大学,2008:2~20
20 Bozhi Yang, Qiao Lin. ALatchable Microvalve using Phase Change of Paraffin Wax[J]. Sensors and ActuatorA (2006),doi:10.1016/j.sna.2006
21 Petitjean D, Schmitt J F, Fioranietc J M.Some Temperature-sensitive Properties of Pure Linear Alkanes andn-ary Mixt-ures[J]. Fuel,2006,85:1323~1328
22 W. L. Scott, Energy conservation from Individual heat use monitoring multifamily properties, Ashrae Transaction:Research,1991:396~405
23 Milbank, N.O.;Lynn, J. Harrington, Thermal response and the admittance procedure. Building Services Engineer,1974,42:38~50
24 Billington, N.S. Thernal insulation and thermal capacity of buildings. Bullding ServieesEngineer,1976,43:226~233
25 Thomton, Samuel B.; Nair, Satish5. ; Mistry, Sanjay I. Sensitivity analysis for building thermal loads. ASHRAE Transactions,1997,103(2):165~174
26焦洁.散热器的伴侣—温控阀.中国建设信息供热制冷, 2004(01):106~107
27 X.Zou, J. A. Jordan, M. Shillor. Adynamic model for a thermostat[J]. Journal of Engineering Mathematie, 1999,36(4):291~310
28 P. Selvagana Pathy, E. T. Carlen, C. H. Mastrangelo. Eleetrothermally actuated inline Microfluidic valve [J]. Sensors and AetuatorsA104, 2003:275~282
29 V. A. F. Costa, J. A. F. Ferreira, R. A. A. T. Igeja et al. Modeling and simulation of a thermostatic mixer with an anti-scalding or anti-cold system[J]. International joumal of thermal sciences, 2008, 47:903~917
30 R Lipton. Design of particle reinforced heat conducting composites with interfacial thermal barriers[J]. J Comp Mater, 1998,32(14):1332~1336
31 Klaus Kaae Andersen, Henrik Madsen, Ole Knop, Niels Gregersen. Modelling of a Thermostatic Valve with Hysteresis Effects[J]. Applied Thermal Eng, 2002(17):214~216
32 D W. Sundstrom, LEE Yu-Der. Thermal conductivity of Polymers filled with Particulate solids[J]. J Appl Polym. Sci., 1972,16(10):3159~3164
33 Chamchi M, Sparrow E M. Analysis of Natural Convection in the Space between Concentric Vertical Cylinders of Different Height and Diameter[J]. Numerical Heat Transfer, 1982,25:119~144
34 Sparrow E M, Chamchi M. Natural Convection Experiments in an Enclosure between Eccentric or Concentric Vertical Cylinders of Different Height and Diameter[J]. Int J Heat Mass Transfer, 1983,26(1):133~143
35 Klintberg L, Karlsson M, Stenmark L, et al. A large stroke high Force Paraffin Phase Transition Actuator[J]. Sensors and Actuators A, 2002, 96(2):189~195
36邹慧君,殷鸿梁.间歇运动机构设计与应用创新.机械工业出版社,2008:17~28
37孙海祥.气体状态方程四种表达方式的讨论.重庆师范学院学报, 1996(13):119~121
38朱孝录.中国机械设计大典4.江西科学技术出版社, 2002:1660~1666
39叶修梓,陈超祥. COSMOSWorks Designer.机械工业出版社,2007:1~10
40阮忠唐.联轴器、离合器设计与选用指南.化学工业出版社, 2006:186~189
41 J. R. Mansuco. Couplings And Joints. New York. MARCEL DEKKKER INC, 1986
42张英会,刘辉航,王德成.弹簧手册.机械工业出版社, 2008:386~394
43 David McMahon. MATLAB Demystified. McGraw-Hill, 2007