拟南芥异速生长指数和个体相互作用的调控规律研究
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摘要
个体间的相互作用一直以来都是群体生态学研究的一个中心问题。但是相对邻体效应(RNE)等研究个体相互作用的指标在数理统计上的不连续性,一直是困扰这方面研究的一个难题。而相对相互作用指数(RⅡ)的提出为研究植物间的相互作用提供了很大的方便,它能够通过对去除最近邻体和没有去除最近邻体的两组之间的个体平均生物量的对比而计算得出。而自疏法则在密度依赖性死亡发生的情况下将植物的生物量和密度紧密联系在一起。本研究试图在拟南芥群体当中将两者通过一定的指标联系在一起,希望找到一些个体相互作用和自疏法则之间的关系。
个体相互作用一般都要基于经典的邻体去除实验,而在本研究当中我们并没有采取邻体去除的办法,而是通过加倍最近邻体间的距离来达到理论上的邻体去除,并且依次设计出一系列的逐级倍减的邻体距离,也是一个逐级增加的密度梯度。RⅡ值和异速生长指数的值都能够通过对照组和模拟去邻体组之间的个体生物量和收割密度来计算获得。我们的研究发现,在同样的邻体距离的水平下,有着更大异速生长指数值的目标植物同时也有着更大的RⅡ值,在两者之间似乎存在有一个同步的正相互作用的关系。于是我们利用播种密度这个参数将RⅡ和异速生长指数相联系在了一起,建立了一个二者之间关系的模型,并且利用拟南芥的密度梯度实验在实验室内初步验证了这个模型。
植物群落中叶片的空间分布与该群落的自疏指数具有一定的数值上的相关性。在拟南芥的野生型和脱落酸(ABA)不敏感型(abi2-1)的群落中,我们分别为其莲蓬的叶片设计了分形维数模型,用以检验拟南芥叶片的空间形态和ABA对该模型的影响。研究中我们测出的自疏指数的经验值分别是-1.31(野生型)和-1.45(abi2-1)。然后通过我们的分形维数模型估算出了其叶片空间形态的盒维数值:2.08和2.03。假定在该群落内部的水平上盒维数和分形维数是等价的,即可以估算出另一组自疏指数:-1.40(野生型)和-1.49(abi2-1)。我们也研究了外源ABA的加入对野生型和abi2-1突变体的自疏指数经验值(分别-1.26和-1.43)和利用分形维度估算值(分别是-1.37和-1.46)的影响。自疏指数经验值和估算值在维数的95%的置信区间上被认为是等价的。在实验室我们用两种类型的拟南芥验证了以上的模式,以此说明对ABA的敏感性影响了拟南芥莲蓬叶片的空间形态并因此进一步影响了自疏。
Interaction among individuals is central to community ecology.Plant's relative interaction index(RII)is a suitable for analysis of plant interactions,and it can be calculated by the mass of isolated individuals and the mass of plants with neighbors.The self-thinning rule relates plant mass to density when density dependent mortality(self-thinning)is occurring.In this study,individuals were not removed to control plant densities;instead, the experiment was designed to produce the desired densities by controlling the distance between individuals during transplant of the seedlings.The values of RII and allometric scaling exponent were determined from repeated measure of plant mass and harvest density at different neighbor distances in Arabidopsis.thaliana.Target plants with larger allometric scaling exponent grew with larger RII at same neighbor distance level,and there appears to be a synchronous positive relationship between the two values.A relationship model was constructed between RII and allometric scaling exponent through a parameter of neighbor distance,and the resulting model was evaluated in the laboratory using Arabidopsis.
The spatial distribution of leaves is related to the exponent of the self-thinning relationship in plant populations.In this study,we evaluated the fractal dimension of rosette leaves of wild-type(WT)Arabidopsis thaliana and of an abscisic acid(ABA)-insensitive mutant(abi2-1)to test a model of the spatial distribution of leaf form in an Arabidopsis population based on subdivision of a cube surrounding the leaf into uniform boxes and to investigate ABA's affect on this model of the leaf.The values of the self-thinning exponent were -1.31 and -1.45 for WT and abi2-1.The mean dimensions of the box used to model the spatial distribution of leaf form,estimated using our model, were 2.08 and 2.03,respectively.By assuming that the box dimension equals the fractal dimension within the populations,the predicted self-thinning exponent equaled -1.40 for WT and -1.49 for abi2-1.When exogenous ABA was applied to both genotypes,the self-thinning exponent became -1.26 and -1.43 for WT and abi2-1,and the exponents predicted using the dimensions of the box were -1.37 and -1.46,respectively.The empirically predicted exponent equaled that predicted using the dimensions of the box (95%confidence interval).Empirical prediction of the spatial pattern using the two genotypes with and without ABA showed that ABA influenced the spatial form of the rosette leaves.Therefore,sensitivity to ABA can affect self-thinning through genetically determined changes in leaf form and its spatial distribution.
个体相互作用一般都要基于经典的邻体去除实验,而在本研究当中我们并没有采取邻体去除的办法,而是通过加倍最近邻体间的距离来达到理论上的邻体去除,并且依次设计出一系列的逐级倍减的邻体距离,也是一个逐级增加的密度梯度。RⅡ值和异速生长指数的值都能够通过对照组和模拟去邻体组之间的个体生物量和收割密度来计算获得。我们的研究发现,在同样的邻体距离的水平下,有着更大异速生长指数值的目标植物同时也有着更大的RⅡ值,在两者之间似乎存在有一个同步的正相互作用的关系。于是我们利用播种密度这个参数将RⅡ和异速生长指数相联系在了一起,建立了一个二者之间关系的模型,并且利用拟南芥的密度梯度实验在实验室内初步验证了这个模型。
植物群落中叶片的空间分布与该群落的自疏指数具有一定的数值上的相关性。在拟南芥的野生型和脱落酸(ABA)不敏感型(abi2-1)的群落中,我们分别为其莲蓬的叶片设计了分形维数模型,用以检验拟南芥叶片的空间形态和ABA对该模型的影响。研究中我们测出的自疏指数的经验值分别是-1.31(野生型)和-1.45(abi2-1)。然后通过我们的分形维数模型估算出了其叶片空间形态的盒维数值:2.08和2.03。假定在该群落内部的水平上盒维数和分形维数是等价的,即可以估算出另一组自疏指数:-1.40(野生型)和-1.49(abi2-1)。我们也研究了外源ABA的加入对野生型和abi2-1突变体的自疏指数经验值(分别-1.26和-1.43)和利用分形维度估算值(分别是-1.37和-1.46)的影响。自疏指数经验值和估算值在维数的95%的置信区间上被认为是等价的。在实验室我们用两种类型的拟南芥验证了以上的模式,以此说明对ABA的敏感性影响了拟南芥莲蓬叶片的空间形态并因此进一步影响了自疏。
Interaction among individuals is central to community ecology.Plant's relative interaction index(RII)is a suitable for analysis of plant interactions,and it can be calculated by the mass of isolated individuals and the mass of plants with neighbors.The self-thinning rule relates plant mass to density when density dependent mortality(self-thinning)is occurring.In this study,individuals were not removed to control plant densities;instead, the experiment was designed to produce the desired densities by controlling the distance between individuals during transplant of the seedlings.The values of RII and allometric scaling exponent were determined from repeated measure of plant mass and harvest density at different neighbor distances in Arabidopsis.thaliana.Target plants with larger allometric scaling exponent grew with larger RII at same neighbor distance level,and there appears to be a synchronous positive relationship between the two values.A relationship model was constructed between RII and allometric scaling exponent through a parameter of neighbor distance,and the resulting model was evaluated in the laboratory using Arabidopsis.
The spatial distribution of leaves is related to the exponent of the self-thinning relationship in plant populations.In this study,we evaluated the fractal dimension of rosette leaves of wild-type(WT)Arabidopsis thaliana and of an abscisic acid(ABA)-insensitive mutant(abi2-1)to test a model of the spatial distribution of leaf form in an Arabidopsis population based on subdivision of a cube surrounding the leaf into uniform boxes and to investigate ABA's affect on this model of the leaf.The values of the self-thinning exponent were -1.31 and -1.45 for WT and abi2-1.The mean dimensions of the box used to model the spatial distribution of leaf form,estimated using our model, were 2.08 and 2.03,respectively.By assuming that the box dimension equals the fractal dimension within the populations,the predicted self-thinning exponent equaled -1.40 for WT and -1.49 for abi2-1.When exogenous ABA was applied to both genotypes,the self-thinning exponent became -1.26 and -1.43 for WT and abi2-1,and the exponents predicted using the dimensions of the box were -1.37 and -1.46,respectively.The empirically predicted exponent equaled that predicted using the dimensions of the box (95%confidence interval).Empirical prediction of the spatial pattern using the two genotypes with and without ABA showed that ABA influenced the spatial form of the rosette leaves.Therefore,sensitivity to ABA can affect self-thinning through genetically determined changes in leaf form and its spatial distribution.
引文
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