光学实验计算机仿真平台的构建
摘要
随着计算机技术的不断发展,计算机辅助教学走进了现代教育教学的体系。MATLAB软件具有强大的图像处理与数值计算功能,通过建模和编程可以对在实际操作时存在困难的光学实验进行仿真模拟,能使学生较好地预习实验,理解实验,完成实验,复习实验。
人们运用MATLAB对光学实验仿真系统的实现进行了许多研究,但是依然存在很多缺陷如没有图形用户界面、无法随意调节参数、缺少激光类实验仿真、无法脱离MATLAB环境运行等。针对这些缺陷,本文对各光学实验进行了全面、系统的仿真模拟,研制出了包括基础光学中干涉和衍射、信息光学中的光学图像处理以及激光实验在内的可扩展性、可移植性强的光学实验仿真平台。具体内容如下：
(1)基础光学实验仿真。在光的干涉的基本理论的基础上,根据各干涉实验装置建立了相应的数学模型并给出了算法流程,实现了光学拍实验、球面波光源垂直以及平行观察屏干涉实验、杨氏双缝和杨氏双孔干涉实验以及等倾等厚干涉实验的仿真,并进一步讨论了光源为复色光时的仿真实现。在菲涅尔及夫琅和费衍射的基本理论的基础上,建立了衍射仿真实验的数学模型,分析了各种不同形状孔径下的夫琅禾费衍射及菲涅耳衍射的衍射图样及其强度分布,并实现了对光栅衍射的仿真。
(2)信息光学实验仿真。分析了4f相干光学成像系统的工作原理,并以此建立了空间滤波仿真算法,实现了低通、高通、带通和方向滤波仿真实验。随后简要分析了图像的边缘检测、特征提取、图像增强的基本方法并进行了仿真实现。
(3)激光实验仿真。分析了高斯光束、自再现模、激光锁模的原理及其相应的理论推理过程,据此提出了利用MATLAB来实现仿真的基本思路和仿真算法并进行了仿真实现。最后通过设置不同参数对仿真结果进行了对比分析,并与理论及实际情况相比较,得到了很好的验证。
(4)光学实验仿真平台的构建。分析了选用MATLAB的GUIDE作为开发环境的原因,讨论了图形用户界面设计原则及制作步骤,在此基础上制作了界面简洁美观、可扩展性强的光学实验仿真平台,实现了实验参数的灵活设置,具有良好的人机交互功能,最后进行了MCC编译,生成了可以脱离MATLAB环境运行的独立可执行文件。
With the development of computer technology, computer-assisted instruction has stepped into the teaching of modern education system. MATLAB software has powerful image processing and numerical computing functions, the simulation of optical experiments, which involve practical difficulties, can be realized by modeling and programming. The simulation can enable students to preview experiment, understand experiment, complete experiment and review experiment much better.
People do a lot of research on the optical experiment simulation system by using MATLAB. But there are still many defects, such as, there is no graphical user interface, the parameters can not be freely adjusted, lacking of the simulation of laser experiment, and it can not run without MATLAB background. In this paper we use MATLAB to develop a well extensible and portable optical experiment platform, which including the interference and diffraction of basic optics experiment, the optical image processing of information optics and laser experiment simulation. Details are as follows:
(1) The simulation of based optical experiments. According to the basic theory of optical interference and experimental device, we set up a mathematical model of the interference experiment and give the process of algorithm, which can realize the simulation of the optical beats experiment, the interference experiment of spherical wave light source vertical and parallel to the observation screen, Young's double holes and double-slit interference experiment and equal inclination, equal thickness interference experiment. Further we discuss the simulation realization of polychromatic light as the light source. Based on the basic theory of the Fresnel and Fraunhofer diffraction, we establish the mathematical model of diffraction experiment simulation, analyze diffraction pattern with its intensity distribution of Fraunhofer diffraction and Fresnel diffraction under different apertures, and complete the simulation of grating diffraction successfully.
(2) The simulation of information optics experiment. The 4f imaging system theory has been discussed in this paper, based on which we establish a spatial filtering simulation algorithm and achieve the low pass, high pass, band-pass filter simulation. Then we briefly analyse the basic methods of edge detection, feature extraction and image enhancement, and proceed the simulation at last.
(3)The simulation of laser experiment. In the paper we analyse the principle and corresponding theoretical deducement of the Gaussian beam, self reproduce mode and laser mode-locking. So we can propose the basic ideas and the simulation algorithm by MATLAB that can achieve simulation. Finally the idea has been proved well by comparing a set of results, which attained by setting different parameters on the simulation, with the theoretical and practical record.
(4) Construction of optical experiment platform. We discuss the reason of using MATLAB GUIDE as development environment, and analyse the principles and steps of designing the graphical user interface. On this basis, we make the simple, artistic interface and well scalable optical experiments simulation platform, which realize flexibility in setting the experimental parameters and include good human-computer interaction function, finally we make MCC compiled to generate the independent and executable files, which can run separately without MATLAB environment.
人们运用MATLAB对光学实验仿真系统的实现进行了许多研究,但是依然存在很多缺陷如没有图形用户界面、无法随意调节参数、缺少激光类实验仿真、无法脱离MATLAB环境运行等。针对这些缺陷,本文对各光学实验进行了全面、系统的仿真模拟,研制出了包括基础光学中干涉和衍射、信息光学中的光学图像处理以及激光实验在内的可扩展性、可移植性强的光学实验仿真平台。具体内容如下：
(1)基础光学实验仿真。在光的干涉的基本理论的基础上,根据各干涉实验装置建立了相应的数学模型并给出了算法流程,实现了光学拍实验、球面波光源垂直以及平行观察屏干涉实验、杨氏双缝和杨氏双孔干涉实验以及等倾等厚干涉实验的仿真,并进一步讨论了光源为复色光时的仿真实现。在菲涅尔及夫琅和费衍射的基本理论的基础上,建立了衍射仿真实验的数学模型,分析了各种不同形状孔径下的夫琅禾费衍射及菲涅耳衍射的衍射图样及其强度分布,并实现了对光栅衍射的仿真。
(2)信息光学实验仿真。分析了4f相干光学成像系统的工作原理,并以此建立了空间滤波仿真算法,实现了低通、高通、带通和方向滤波仿真实验。随后简要分析了图像的边缘检测、特征提取、图像增强的基本方法并进行了仿真实现。
(3)激光实验仿真。分析了高斯光束、自再现模、激光锁模的原理及其相应的理论推理过程,据此提出了利用MATLAB来实现仿真的基本思路和仿真算法并进行了仿真实现。最后通过设置不同参数对仿真结果进行了对比分析,并与理论及实际情况相比较,得到了很好的验证。
(4)光学实验仿真平台的构建。分析了选用MATLAB的GUIDE作为开发环境的原因,讨论了图形用户界面设计原则及制作步骤,在此基础上制作了界面简洁美观、可扩展性强的光学实验仿真平台,实现了实验参数的灵活设置,具有良好的人机交互功能,最后进行了MCC编译,生成了可以脱离MATLAB环境运行的独立可执行文件。
With the development of computer technology, computer-assisted instruction has stepped into the teaching of modern education system. MATLAB software has powerful image processing and numerical computing functions, the simulation of optical experiments, which involve practical difficulties, can be realized by modeling and programming. The simulation can enable students to preview experiment, understand experiment, complete experiment and review experiment much better.
People do a lot of research on the optical experiment simulation system by using MATLAB. But there are still many defects, such as, there is no graphical user interface, the parameters can not be freely adjusted, lacking of the simulation of laser experiment, and it can not run without MATLAB background. In this paper we use MATLAB to develop a well extensible and portable optical experiment platform, which including the interference and diffraction of basic optics experiment, the optical image processing of information optics and laser experiment simulation. Details are as follows:
(1) The simulation of based optical experiments. According to the basic theory of optical interference and experimental device, we set up a mathematical model of the interference experiment and give the process of algorithm, which can realize the simulation of the optical beats experiment, the interference experiment of spherical wave light source vertical and parallel to the observation screen, Young's double holes and double-slit interference experiment and equal inclination, equal thickness interference experiment. Further we discuss the simulation realization of polychromatic light as the light source. Based on the basic theory of the Fresnel and Fraunhofer diffraction, we establish the mathematical model of diffraction experiment simulation, analyze diffraction pattern with its intensity distribution of Fraunhofer diffraction and Fresnel diffraction under different apertures, and complete the simulation of grating diffraction successfully.
(2) The simulation of information optics experiment. The 4f imaging system theory has been discussed in this paper, based on which we establish a spatial filtering simulation algorithm and achieve the low pass, high pass, band-pass filter simulation. Then we briefly analyse the basic methods of edge detection, feature extraction and image enhancement, and proceed the simulation at last.
(3)The simulation of laser experiment. In the paper we analyse the principle and corresponding theoretical deducement of the Gaussian beam, self reproduce mode and laser mode-locking. So we can propose the basic ideas and the simulation algorithm by MATLAB that can achieve simulation. Finally the idea has been proved well by comparing a set of results, which attained by setting different parameters on the simulation, with the theoretical and practical record.
(4) Construction of optical experiment platform. We discuss the reason of using MATLAB GUIDE as development environment, and analyse the principles and steps of designing the graphical user interface. On this basis, we make the simple, artistic interface and well scalable optical experiments simulation platform, which realize flexibility in setting the experimental parameters and include good human-computer interaction function, finally we make MCC compiled to generate the independent and executable files, which can run separately without MATLAB environment.
引文
[1]王大衍.光学老又新,前程端似锦--论光学工程[EB/OL]. [2005-08]. http://styxfire.bokee.com/1405766.html
[2]Focus Software Inc. ZEMAX Optical Design Program User's Guide,Version 6.0[M].Focus Software Inc,2002:11-23
[3]C.D.Orth, S.W.Haney, W.H.Williams, Laser Optimization Techniques, UCRL-LR-105821-96-4
[4]ZEMAX Development Corporation. ZEMAX Optical Design Program User's Guide.2005-2-3, http://www. zemax.com/
[5]O. Morice, D. Nassiet, GGallice, etal., Laser Pulse Propagation Calculations using the Mirosoftware, Inertial Fusion Sciences and applications 99,1999
[6]光学设计[EB/OL].[2010-03-08]. http://wenku.baidu.com/view/21070b42a8956bec0975e3fb.html
[7]FRESNEL (software for simulation of laser beam propogation through various optical schems),2004:http://www.wavesimsoft.com/features.htm
[8]THOMAS H. Simulation of invariant optical systems[J]. SPIE.2003,5249:62-70
[9]Ting-Chen Poon, P. P. Banerjee, Contemporary Optical Image Processing with Matlab, ElsevierScience,2001:ISBN 0-08-043788-5
[10]James C. Wyant, WebMathematica and LiveGraphic3D, The University of Arizoan http://wyant.opt-sci.arizona.edu/math.htm
[11]Eugene Hecht, Optics(second edition), New York, Addison-Wesley Publishing Company, ISBN 0-201-11609-X,1988:392-471
[12]Moeller. K. D, Optics:Learning by Computing, with Examples Using MathCad, Springer-Verlag,2003:ISBN 0-387-95360-4
[13]曲伟娟.基于Matlab的光学实验仿真[D].西安：西北工业大学,2004
[14]陈小莉,钟生海.MATLAB在光学实验中的应用[J].安康师专学报,2003(15)：64-67
[15]成丕富,周青,朱力等.用Matlab和VB实现光学实验仿真系统的开发[J].现代电子技术,2009(04)：169-171
[16]符运良.MATLAB在光学教学中的应用[J].华南热带农业大学学 报,2004,10(03)：55-57
[17]庄建,青莉.基于Matlab的光学实验仿真平台[J].成都大学学报(自然科学版).2006,25(01)：70-72
[18]孙绪保,光学实验与仿真[M].北京：北京理工大学出版社,2009
[19]赵书兰.MATLAB R2008图形与动画编程实例教程[M].北京：化学工业出版社,2008：1-3
[20]陈垚光,毛涛涛,王正林,等.精通MATLAB GUI设计[M].北京：电子工业出版社,2008：3-5
[21]MathWorks, Inc, Late-Breaking News for the 5.2 Produced Family[M],1998: 3-9
[22]谢敬辉,赵达尊,阎吉祥.物理光学教程[M].北京：北京理工大学出版社,2005
[23]GE.P.Box, W.G.hunter, J.S.Hunter. Statistics for Testing[M].New York:NY,1981
[24]陈怀琛.MATLAB及其在理工课程中的应用指南[M].西安：西安电子科技大学出版社,2004
[25]粱铨延.物理光学[M].北京：机械工业出版社,1984
[26]毛欲民,洪家平.基于MATLAB的杨氏双缝干涉实验仿真[J].湖北师范学院学报(自然科学版).2007.27(1)：18
[27]王习东,刘高潮.基于Matlab的矩孔夫琅和费衍射的仿真[J].中国科技信息,2009(05)：34-35
[28]郝忠秀,赵亚军,李立功等.基于MATLAB的矩孔夫琅和费衍射场模拟计算[J].河北大学学报,2009,29(03)：266-269
[29]张世富.用傅里叶变换分析圆孔夫琅和费衍射[J].电子科技大学学报2006,35(06)：939-941
[30]陈湛旭.夫琅和费衍射现象的计算机模拟[J].广东技术师范学院学报2008(06)：53-55
[31]王红梅.等腰三角形孔的夫琅和费衍射研究[J].榆林学院学报2008(07)：43-44
[32]高峰,郑世旺.夫琅和费单缝衍射现象的计算机模拟[J].科技信息2007(03)：45-46
[33]Liu Ren-ren.Some results on the decision for Sheffer functions in partial K-valued logic(II)[C]//Proceedings of IMVL'98.IEEE Computer Society Press,1998
[34]郭仕剑,邱志模,陆静芳.MATLAB入门与实战[M].北京：人民邮电出版社,2008：278-280
[35]苏显渝,李继陶.信息光学[M].北京：科学出版社,2003
[36]赵凯华,钟锡华.光学[M].北京：北京大学出版社,1984
[37]陈杨,陈荣娟,郭颖辉等.MATLAB 6.X图形编程与图像处理[M].西安：西安电子科技大学出版社,2002
[38]冈萨雷斯.数字图像处理(MATLAB版)[M].北京：电子工业出版社,2008
[39]何东健,耿楠,张义宽.数字图像处理[M].西安：西安电子科技大学出版社,2008
[40]周炳琨,高以智,陈倜嵘等.激光原理[M].北京：国防工业出版社,2000
[41]W T Silfvast. Laser Fundamentals[M]. Eds Kays M and Mailand:Cambridge University Press,1996
[42]激光物理学编写组.激光物理学[M].上海：上海人民教育出版社,1975
[43]罗仁伟.基于Matlab的高斯光束和激光锁模的模拟仿真[D].武汉：武汉理工大学,2005
[44]兰信钜,姚建铨,安毓英.激光技术[M].长沙：湖南科学技术出版社,1979
[45]王沫然.MATLAB与科学计算[M].北京.电子工业出版社,2005
[46]罗华飞.MATLAB GUI设计学习笔记[M].北京：北京航空航天大学出版社,2008
[2]Focus Software Inc. ZEMAX Optical Design Program User's Guide,Version 6.0[M].Focus Software Inc,2002:11-23
[3]C.D.Orth, S.W.Haney, W.H.Williams, Laser Optimization Techniques, UCRL-LR-105821-96-4
[4]ZEMAX Development Corporation. ZEMAX Optical Design Program User's Guide.2005-2-3, http://www. zemax.com/
[5]O. Morice, D. Nassiet, GGallice, etal., Laser Pulse Propagation Calculations using the Mirosoftware, Inertial Fusion Sciences and applications 99,1999
[6]光学设计[EB/OL].[2010-03-08]. http://wenku.baidu.com/view/21070b42a8956bec0975e3fb.html
[7]FRESNEL (software for simulation of laser beam propogation through various optical schems),2004:http://www.wavesimsoft.com/features.htm
[8]THOMAS H. Simulation of invariant optical systems[J]. SPIE.2003,5249:62-70
[9]Ting-Chen Poon, P. P. Banerjee, Contemporary Optical Image Processing with Matlab, ElsevierScience,2001:ISBN 0-08-043788-5
[10]James C. Wyant, WebMathematica and LiveGraphic3D, The University of Arizoan http://wyant.opt-sci.arizona.edu/math.htm
[11]Eugene Hecht, Optics(second edition), New York, Addison-Wesley Publishing Company, ISBN 0-201-11609-X,1988:392-471
[12]Moeller. K. D, Optics:Learning by Computing, with Examples Using MathCad, Springer-Verlag,2003:ISBN 0-387-95360-4
[13]曲伟娟.基于Matlab的光学实验仿真[D].西安：西北工业大学,2004
[14]陈小莉,钟生海.MATLAB在光学实验中的应用[J].安康师专学报,2003(15)：64-67
[15]成丕富,周青,朱力等.用Matlab和VB实现光学实验仿真系统的开发[J].现代电子技术,2009(04)：169-171
[16]符运良.MATLAB在光学教学中的应用[J].华南热带农业大学学 报,2004,10(03)：55-57
[17]庄建,青莉.基于Matlab的光学实验仿真平台[J].成都大学学报(自然科学版).2006,25(01)：70-72
[18]孙绪保,光学实验与仿真[M].北京：北京理工大学出版社,2009
[19]赵书兰.MATLAB R2008图形与动画编程实例教程[M].北京：化学工业出版社,2008：1-3
[20]陈垚光,毛涛涛,王正林,等.精通MATLAB GUI设计[M].北京：电子工业出版社,2008：3-5
[21]MathWorks, Inc, Late-Breaking News for the 5.2 Produced Family[M],1998: 3-9
[22]谢敬辉,赵达尊,阎吉祥.物理光学教程[M].北京：北京理工大学出版社,2005
[23]GE.P.Box, W.G.hunter, J.S.Hunter. Statistics for Testing[M].New York:NY,1981
[24]陈怀琛.MATLAB及其在理工课程中的应用指南[M].西安：西安电子科技大学出版社,2004
[25]粱铨延.物理光学[M].北京：机械工业出版社,1984
[26]毛欲民,洪家平.基于MATLAB的杨氏双缝干涉实验仿真[J].湖北师范学院学报(自然科学版).2007.27(1)：18
[27]王习东,刘高潮.基于Matlab的矩孔夫琅和费衍射的仿真[J].中国科技信息,2009(05)：34-35
[28]郝忠秀,赵亚军,李立功等.基于MATLAB的矩孔夫琅和费衍射场模拟计算[J].河北大学学报,2009,29(03)：266-269
[29]张世富.用傅里叶变换分析圆孔夫琅和费衍射[J].电子科技大学学报2006,35(06)：939-941
[30]陈湛旭.夫琅和费衍射现象的计算机模拟[J].广东技术师范学院学报2008(06)：53-55
[31]王红梅.等腰三角形孔的夫琅和费衍射研究[J].榆林学院学报2008(07)：43-44
[32]高峰,郑世旺.夫琅和费单缝衍射现象的计算机模拟[J].科技信息2007(03)：45-46
[33]Liu Ren-ren.Some results on the decision for Sheffer functions in partial K-valued logic(II)[C]//Proceedings of IMVL'98.IEEE Computer Society Press,1998
[34]郭仕剑,邱志模,陆静芳.MATLAB入门与实战[M].北京：人民邮电出版社,2008：278-280
[35]苏显渝,李继陶.信息光学[M].北京：科学出版社,2003
[36]赵凯华,钟锡华.光学[M].北京：北京大学出版社,1984
[37]陈杨,陈荣娟,郭颖辉等.MATLAB 6.X图形编程与图像处理[M].西安：西安电子科技大学出版社,2002
[38]冈萨雷斯.数字图像处理(MATLAB版)[M].北京：电子工业出版社,2008
[39]何东健,耿楠,张义宽.数字图像处理[M].西安：西安电子科技大学出版社,2008
[40]周炳琨,高以智,陈倜嵘等.激光原理[M].北京：国防工业出版社,2000
[41]W T Silfvast. Laser Fundamentals[M]. Eds Kays M and Mailand:Cambridge University Press,1996
[42]激光物理学编写组.激光物理学[M].上海：上海人民教育出版社,1975
[43]罗仁伟.基于Matlab的高斯光束和激光锁模的模拟仿真[D].武汉：武汉理工大学,2005
[44]兰信钜,姚建铨,安毓英.激光技术[M].长沙：湖南科学技术出版社,1979
[45]王沫然.MATLAB与科学计算[M].北京.电子工业出版社,2005
[46]罗华飞.MATLAB GUI设计学习笔记[M].北京：北京航空航天大学出版社,2008