阻燃吸音聚氨酯泡沫塑料的研制
摘要
聚氨酯泡沫是一种重要的合成材,在各行各业有广泛的用途。由于密度小、比表面积较大、绝热性好,其本身氧指数仅为14-16,故极易着火燃烧。同时,聚氨酯在生产过程中对发泡工艺条件要求高,阻燃剂的加入对发泡工艺的影响尤为明显。而针对车辆的使用环境,泡沫的吸音性能也是不可忽略的重要环节。本实验通过在聚氨酯泡沫中加入不同质量分数的三聚氰胺进行阻燃改性制备了隔音阻燃聚氨酯泡沫。通过测试材料氧指数、烟密度、吸音系数以及粘度等测试,确定了制备隔音阻燃聚氨酯泡沫的配方和工艺同时,探索性的进行三聚氰胺液化的研究。
实验结果表明,用三聚氰胺作为添加性阻燃剂,水作为发泡剂,可以制备阻燃性能和隔音性能良好的聚氨酯软质泡沫。在三聚氰胺添加量占多元醇尉量的60%(即60份三聚氰胺)时,泡沫的阻燃性能达到最好,氧指数为27,属于离火自熄的材料。同时,所制得的泡沫通过隔音性能测试,其吸音系数在500Hz到4000Hz范围内均在0.97以上。
在加工工艺上,通过实验表明,在60份三聚氰胺用量下,当A组分的的温度为50℃时,B组分的粘度为7.3Pa.s,最适宜进行原料的搅拌,说明在三聚氰胺固体填料用量较多的情况下可以通过温度对原料粘度进行调节来满足搅拌的要求。
三聚氰胺液化的实验表明,当三聚氰胺与甲醛的摩尔比达到1∶6时,在PH值为7至8的条件下,体系在55℃可以使三聚氰胺与甲醛发生反应,得到无色透明的液体。
Polyurethane foam is an important material and has wide use in many fields. Because of its little density, large surface area and good adiathermancy, the oxygen index of polyurethane foam is only 14 to 16. Polyurethane foam is much like to combust when meet fire. At same time, it needs good technological condition of foaming to prepare polyurethane foam and adding flame retardant has prominent influence on process of foaming. Sound-absorbing is another big factor in polyurethane foam especially for the foam for special carriage. In this research, we prepare a kind of flame-retardant and sound-absorbing polyurethane foam by interfusing melamine in the foam. We determine the recipe and processing of foaming using oxygen index, smoke density, sound-absorbing and viscosity test. We also do research on liquefying melamine.
The results show that it can product polyurethane foam which has good nature of flame retardant and sound-absorbing using melamine as flame retardant and water as blowing agent. When weight of adding melamine is as 60% weight of polyester, flame-retardant of foam achieve the best. Its oxygen index can reach 27, belonging to self-extinguishing material. In the test of sound absorbing, its sound-absorbing index can achieve 0.97 in dimension of 500Hz to 4000Hz.
In the processing, our study shows that when weight of adding melamine is as 60% weight of polyester, viscosity of component B is 7.3Pa.s at 50℃and can meet the need of mixing. This result shows that even the weight of adding melamine is much, we can adjust the viscosity of component by alter temperature.
In the study of liquefying melamine, we try to liquefy melamine by using the reaction of melamine and aldehyde. The result show that in this reaction, the mol ratio of melamine and aldehyde need to hold at 1:6, the PH value need to keep at 7 to 8. The system of reaction can become transparent at 55℃, indicate that melamine and aldehyde have reacted.
实验结果表明,用三聚氰胺作为添加性阻燃剂,水作为发泡剂,可以制备阻燃性能和隔音性能良好的聚氨酯软质泡沫。在三聚氰胺添加量占多元醇尉量的60%(即60份三聚氰胺)时,泡沫的阻燃性能达到最好,氧指数为27,属于离火自熄的材料。同时,所制得的泡沫通过隔音性能测试,其吸音系数在500Hz到4000Hz范围内均在0.97以上。
在加工工艺上,通过实验表明,在60份三聚氰胺用量下,当A组分的的温度为50℃时,B组分的粘度为7.3Pa.s,最适宜进行原料的搅拌,说明在三聚氰胺固体填料用量较多的情况下可以通过温度对原料粘度进行调节来满足搅拌的要求。
三聚氰胺液化的实验表明,当三聚氰胺与甲醛的摩尔比达到1∶6时,在PH值为7至8的条件下,体系在55℃可以使三聚氰胺与甲醛发生反应,得到无色透明的液体。
Polyurethane foam is an important material and has wide use in many fields. Because of its little density, large surface area and good adiathermancy, the oxygen index of polyurethane foam is only 14 to 16. Polyurethane foam is much like to combust when meet fire. At same time, it needs good technological condition of foaming to prepare polyurethane foam and adding flame retardant has prominent influence on process of foaming. Sound-absorbing is another big factor in polyurethane foam especially for the foam for special carriage. In this research, we prepare a kind of flame-retardant and sound-absorbing polyurethane foam by interfusing melamine in the foam. We determine the recipe and processing of foaming using oxygen index, smoke density, sound-absorbing and viscosity test. We also do research on liquefying melamine.
The results show that it can product polyurethane foam which has good nature of flame retardant and sound-absorbing using melamine as flame retardant and water as blowing agent. When weight of adding melamine is as 60% weight of polyester, flame-retardant of foam achieve the best. Its oxygen index can reach 27, belonging to self-extinguishing material. In the test of sound absorbing, its sound-absorbing index can achieve 0.97 in dimension of 500Hz to 4000Hz.
In the processing, our study shows that when weight of adding melamine is as 60% weight of polyester, viscosity of component B is 7.3Pa.s at 50℃and can meet the need of mixing. This result shows that even the weight of adding melamine is much, we can adjust the viscosity of component by alter temperature.
In the study of liquefying melamine, we try to liquefy melamine by using the reaction of melamine and aldehyde. The result show that in this reaction, the mol ratio of melamine and aldehyde need to hold at 1:6, the PH value need to keep at 7 to 8. The system of reaction can become transparent at 55℃, indicate that melamine and aldehyde have reacted.
引文
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[2]张勇.阻燃聚氨酯软质泡沫塑料[J].消防技术与产品信息,2003,(3),76-78
[3]叶诗茂.阻燃聚氨酯软质泡沫塑料综述[J].消防技术与产品信息,2003,(4),75-77
[4]朱吕民.聚氨酯软质泡沫塑料[J].聚氨酯,2007.5(60),88-97
[5]Michele Modesti.Influence of different flame retardants on fire behaviour of modified PIR/PUR polymers[J].European polymer journey,2003(39),263-2
[6]王强.聚氨酯制品的应用现状及发展趋势[J].辽宁化工,2003,23(7),289-290.
[7]柏松,谢弈等.全水发泡硬质聚氨酯泡沫塑料的研制[J].聚氨酯工业,2004,17(4),32-34.
[8]钱旭红.有机化学[M].北京:化学工业出版社,1999,98-104
[9]徐培林、张淑琴.聚氨酯材料手册[M].北京:化学工业出版社,2002,253-260
[10]杨汝平、王鸿奎、何涛.新一代硬质聚氨酯泡沫塑料发泡剂的应用[J].导弹与航天运载技术,2003,(4),45-49
[11]Barthelemy P,Zipfel L.HFC-365mfc:Versatile[J].Urethanes Technology,1997,14(6),36-38.
[12]刘益军,朱吕民.聚氨酯泡沫塑料[M].第3版.北京:化学工业出版社,2005.1,308-393
[13]肖鹏.聚氨酯泡沫阻燃材料[J].PU技术,62-64
[14]刘益军,柏松.聚氨酯泡沫塑料的阻燃[J].塑料工业,2003,31(10),14-15
[15]Hobbs,Michael L.,Lemmon,Gordon H.Polyurethane foam response to fire in practical geometries[J].Polymer Degradation and Stability,2004,84(2):183-197
[16]Tang,Zhong,Maroto-Valer,M.Mercedes,Andresen,John M.,Miler,John W.,Listemann,Mark L.etal.Thermal degradation behavior of rigid polyurethane foams pmpared with different fire retardant concentrations and blowing agents[J].Polymer,2002,43(24),6471-6479
[17]Hale,Robert C.,La Guardia,Mark J.,Harvey,Ellen,Matt Mainor.Potential role of fire retardant-treated polyurethane foam as a source of brominated diphenyl ethers to the US environment[J].Chemosphere,2002,46(5),729-735.
[18]Checchin,M.,Cecchini,C.,Cellarosi,B.,Sam,F.O.,Use of cone calorimeter for evaluating fire performances of polyurethane foams[J].Polymer Degradation and Stability,1999,64(3),573-576.
[19]Luda,M.P.,Costa,L.,Bracco,P.,Levchik,S.V.Relevant factors in scorch generation in fire retarded flexible polyurethane foams:Ⅱ Reactivity of isocyanate,urea and urethane groups[J].Polymer Degradation and Stability,2004,86(1),43-50
[20]张勇.阻燃聚氨酯软质泡沫塑料[J].消防技术与产品信息,2003,(6),76-78
[21]王晔.膨胀型阻燃材料[J].消防技术与产品信息,2003,(3),42-48.
[22]Seo W J,Park J H,Sung Y T,Mechanical,Morphological,and Thermal Properties of Rigid Polyurethane Foams Blown by Distilled Water[J].Journal of Applied Polymer Science,2003,90(1),12
[23]Seo W J,Park J H,Sung Y T,1.Properties of water-blown rigid polyurethane foams with reactivity of raw materials,J Appl Polym Sci,2004,93(5),2334
[24]朱彬,纪学峰.全水低密度超柔软块状聚氨酯软泡技术研究[J].聚氨酯工业,2002, 17(2),16-20
[25]苏莉.聚氨酯泡沫低密度全水发泡代替氯氟烃.天津化工,2001(4),24
[26]Haugen H,Ried V,Brunner M,et al.J Mater Sci:Mater in Medicine,2004,15(4),343
[27]Modesti M,Lorenzetti A,Dallacqua C.Improvement on fire behaviour of water blown PIR-PUR foams:use of an halogen-free flame retardant,Polym Eng Sci,2004,44(12),2229
[28]Modesti M,Lorenzetti A,Dallacqua C.Mathematical model and experimental validation of water cluster influence upon vapour permeation through hydrophilic dense membrane.Polym Eng Sci,2004,45(3),260
[29]李佐花.液体CO_2作发泡剂的聚氨酯软泡生产工艺及设备,聚氨酯工业,2006.21(1),39-41
[30]房晓敏,欧育湘.阻燃剂V6的合成及其在聚氨酯中的应用[J].塑料工业,2006,34(3),54-56
[31]熊联明,舒万艮,刘又年.微胶囊红磷阻燃剂在软质聚氨酯泡沫塑料中的应用研究[J].中国塑料,2004,18(6),72-76
[32]丁向东,李绍文.微胶囊化红磷阻燃剂的应用[J].安徽化工,2004,(2),31-33.
[33]Bradford L,Pinzoni E,Williams B A,etal[P].WO,0118088,2001-03-15
[34]Kasowaki[P].WO,0177217,2001-10-18
[35]Elibracht C,Sichen M.[P].EP1061095,2000,12-2
[36]李丽娟.聚氨酯阻燃材料及其应用[J].化工新型材料,2003,9,31(9),36-39
[37]封伟,郑建帮,李成全,韦玮.结构型含磷氮元素阻燃聚氨酯软质泡沫塑料的研制[J].塑料工业,1999,9,27(5),42-44
[38]刘益军.2000-2001年国外塑料工业进展[J].塑料工业,2002,30(3):1-20
[39]张田林.新型阻燃聚合物多元醇的的合成研究[J].聚氨酯工业,2004,19(1),18-21
[40]张田林.新型阻燃聚醚多元醇的的合成研究[J].热固性树脂,2002,17(6),6-9
[41]Modestia M.Polym Degrad Stability,2002,77,195
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