蛇纹石微粒润滑油添加剂的研究
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摘要
摩擦、磨损和润滑是目前众多工程领域遇到的最普遍、最重要的问题之一。
摩擦和磨损损失了世界一次性能源的50%以上,而且磨损是材料和设备报废的三种原因之一。近年来,金属磨损自修复技术以其可以在机械运行过程中,在机械设备不解体的情况下对机械零件磨损区域进行自动补偿,恢复零件原始尺寸和力学性能等优越特性,引起了摩擦学研究领域中众多学者的关注。作为金属磨损自修复添加剂的主要材料,蛇纹石由于具有不与润滑油发生化学反应、不改变润滑油的粘度和性质、使用中无毒副作用、对环境和人体无害、在常温下的化学性质十分稳定等特点,从而成为了金属磨损自修复材料研究的热点。
本文采用行星球磨机,利用湿法制备了油酸修饰的蛇纹石微粒,经过亲油化度测试分析,得出了制备过程中,修饰剂油酸用量为：油酸与蛇纹石体积比为2时修饰效果最佳,球磨(修饰)效果最佳时间为24h。利用往复式摩擦磨损实验机,在室温下,对蛇纹石微粒含量不同的4012船用润滑油油样,在不同浓度、不同载荷下进行摩擦试验6h。通过对摩擦系数和试样前后质量磨损量的测定,证实了4012船用润滑油在添加了蛇纹石微粒后,具有明显的减摩抗磨效果。在讨论了摩擦系数和质量磨损量与浓度的变化关系后,得出了在以4012船用系统油为基础油时,蛇纹石的最佳质量浓度范围为0.9%-1.0%。对摩擦磨损实验的试样进行了金相显微镜的观察分析并使用电子探针对磨痕进行了测试,判定蛇纹石微粒在摩擦磨损过程中,与试样表面发生了化学或者物理作用,形成一层保护膜附着在试样表面,从而对摩擦副的犁沟磨痕具有填充作用,使得摩擦副表面的粗糙度降低,因此有利于减摩抗磨。根据实验结果以及蛇纹石的微观结构和化学性质,初步推测蛇纹石微粒在润滑过程中减摩抗磨的机理：由于其具有1：1型三八面体层状结构和丰富的活性基团,致使在摩擦磨损过程中形成铺展膜填充在摩擦副之间,对犁沟和微裂纹起到自修复作用,从而减小摩擦系数,起到减摩抗磨作用。
The reason why equipment failure is that wear bring on friction and lubrication is the mostly effective measure that decrease friction and wear. Rational design of lubricating oil can meet the needs of machine and parts about anti-wear and friction reduction. The key of the lubrication effect depends on lubricating additives to a great extent. How to on-line self-repair the early wear and prolong lifetime of machines and equipments has more and more attracted much attention recently. As the main kind of self-repair material, the research of serpentine particle is becoming the focus of tribologic because of its particular microstructure and properties.
In this thesis, serpentine particles have been prepared by adopting wet method on planetary ball mill. Lipophilic degree tests showed that:as the modification agent, the optimum dosage of oleic acid is when the volume ratio of oleic acid and serpentine particles is 2, and the optimum time of milling (modification) is 24h. Added serpentine particles into 4012 maritime lubricating oil sample, by using reciprocating friction and wear tester, measuring the friction coefficient and the wear loss of test samples, studied its anti-wear and friction reduction properties with different density in different load conditions. The results showed that:4012 maritime lubricating oil with serpentine particles has obvious anti-wear and friction effect. After discussing the relationship of friction coefficient and density, wear loss and density, so as to find out that the optimum dosage range of serpentine particles is 0.9%～1.0%. According to the results of metallurgical microscope observation and electron microprobe analysis, the conclusion can be drawn:during the process of friction and wear, serpentine particles brought on physical or chemical reactions with the surface of test samples, create a layer of protective film, thus this kind of lubricating oil has filling function to the furrow of friction pair surface, so as to decrease the surface roughness, decrease the degree of friction and wear.
摩擦和磨损损失了世界一次性能源的50%以上,而且磨损是材料和设备报废的三种原因之一。近年来,金属磨损自修复技术以其可以在机械运行过程中,在机械设备不解体的情况下对机械零件磨损区域进行自动补偿,恢复零件原始尺寸和力学性能等优越特性,引起了摩擦学研究领域中众多学者的关注。作为金属磨损自修复添加剂的主要材料,蛇纹石由于具有不与润滑油发生化学反应、不改变润滑油的粘度和性质、使用中无毒副作用、对环境和人体无害、在常温下的化学性质十分稳定等特点,从而成为了金属磨损自修复材料研究的热点。
本文采用行星球磨机,利用湿法制备了油酸修饰的蛇纹石微粒,经过亲油化度测试分析,得出了制备过程中,修饰剂油酸用量为：油酸与蛇纹石体积比为2时修饰效果最佳,球磨(修饰)效果最佳时间为24h。利用往复式摩擦磨损实验机,在室温下,对蛇纹石微粒含量不同的4012船用润滑油油样,在不同浓度、不同载荷下进行摩擦试验6h。通过对摩擦系数和试样前后质量磨损量的测定,证实了4012船用润滑油在添加了蛇纹石微粒后,具有明显的减摩抗磨效果。在讨论了摩擦系数和质量磨损量与浓度的变化关系后,得出了在以4012船用系统油为基础油时,蛇纹石的最佳质量浓度范围为0.9%-1.0%。对摩擦磨损实验的试样进行了金相显微镜的观察分析并使用电子探针对磨痕进行了测试,判定蛇纹石微粒在摩擦磨损过程中,与试样表面发生了化学或者物理作用,形成一层保护膜附着在试样表面,从而对摩擦副的犁沟磨痕具有填充作用,使得摩擦副表面的粗糙度降低,因此有利于减摩抗磨。根据实验结果以及蛇纹石的微观结构和化学性质,初步推测蛇纹石微粒在润滑过程中减摩抗磨的机理：由于其具有1：1型三八面体层状结构和丰富的活性基团,致使在摩擦磨损过程中形成铺展膜填充在摩擦副之间,对犁沟和微裂纹起到自修复作用,从而减小摩擦系数,起到减摩抗磨作用。
The reason why equipment failure is that wear bring on friction and lubrication is the mostly effective measure that decrease friction and wear. Rational design of lubricating oil can meet the needs of machine and parts about anti-wear and friction reduction. The key of the lubrication effect depends on lubricating additives to a great extent. How to on-line self-repair the early wear and prolong lifetime of machines and equipments has more and more attracted much attention recently. As the main kind of self-repair material, the research of serpentine particle is becoming the focus of tribologic because of its particular microstructure and properties.
In this thesis, serpentine particles have been prepared by adopting wet method on planetary ball mill. Lipophilic degree tests showed that:as the modification agent, the optimum dosage of oleic acid is when the volume ratio of oleic acid and serpentine particles is 2, and the optimum time of milling (modification) is 24h. Added serpentine particles into 4012 maritime lubricating oil sample, by using reciprocating friction and wear tester, measuring the friction coefficient and the wear loss of test samples, studied its anti-wear and friction reduction properties with different density in different load conditions. The results showed that:4012 maritime lubricating oil with serpentine particles has obvious anti-wear and friction effect. After discussing the relationship of friction coefficient and density, wear loss and density, so as to find out that the optimum dosage range of serpentine particles is 0.9%～1.0%. According to the results of metallurgical microscope observation and electron microprobe analysis, the conclusion can be drawn:during the process of friction and wear, serpentine particles brought on physical or chemical reactions with the surface of test samples, create a layer of protective film, thus this kind of lubricating oil has filling function to the furrow of friction pair surface, so as to decrease the surface roughness, decrease the degree of friction and wear.
引文
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