由嵌入式Internet接入技术和GIS实现远程水环境监测和水质信息管理
|
摘要
为了提高水环境监测和管理的信息化和自动化水平,本论文研究由嵌入式Internet接入技术和GIS实现远程水质监测和水质信息管理。论文主要围绕远程嵌入式水质监测终端的软件平台和水环境信息管理系统两个方面展开讨论,内容涉及当前计算机技术的几个“热点”领域——嵌入式实时操作系统,嵌入式TCP/IP协议栈,地理信息系统,以及水质预测模型。
本论文为嵌入式水质监测设备引入一款优秀的实时操作系统——eCos,详细分析了这个开源实时操作系统的结构,移植原理,交叉工具链的构建方法,并针对嵌入式水质监测终端试验板的硬件资源,描述了eCos在该终端上移植、开发、调试的具体步骤;为了实现水质监测终端能接入Internet,论文讨论怎样将开源TCP/IP协议栈LwIP成功移植到eCos,使之成为该操作系统的一个标准模块。因为eCos和LwIP软件基础的支持,嵌入式水质监测设备应用程序开发得以简化,并可以保证应用程序的稳定可靠。
针对水环境系统中,河流、水库、湖泊等较强的地理特征,本论文尝试着将地理信息系统(GIS)融入水环境信息管理当中,改变当前水质数据单一的数据报表格式,使水环境信息平台更加直观形象,简单易用。论文详细分析了MapInfo系列工具实现数字地图的一次开发和二次开发步骤,以及地理信息系统与水环境信息管理系统的融合方法。
在文章的最后,给出了一种BP神经网络预测水质数据的建模方法,该方法针对河流的特点,采用时间序列加空间序列建模,预测模型输入输出之间有较强的因果关系,并能对突发污染事件的后续效应作出较准确的预测。
作者希望,以上几点研究内容能帮助改善日益恶化的水环境现状。
To improve the informationization of water environment supervision, this thesis proposes a system of water environment remote monitor and water quality data management which bases on embedded internet connecting technic and GIS (Global Information System). This thesis includes primarily embedded operation system, embedded TCP/IP stacks and GIS which are hot fields of computer technic in these years. To connect the water remote monitor terminal on internet, firstly this thesis research the achicticture of eCos which is an excellent open source RTOS(real time operation system), and resolves how to port eCos on the board of the terminal;then I add TCP/IP packages to eCos by adoping LwIP, which is very small and compeled TCP/IP stacks, especially suitable for embedded application. Both eCos and LwIP can make the development of application software simple and robustioust. Because the rivers are geographical objects, I use GIS to design the water environment information management and connect GIS with database. This thesis discusses the way how to built GIS by MapInfo series tools combined with VC or ASP( Vbscript). When the users open this software, they would see a beautiful digital map, rather than any input boxs. Users can get data they need by operate the digital map, and the data of water quality even can display on the digital map by charts or different colors. In the last chapter, I adopt BP neural network to forecast the water quality data. BP neural network is wildly used to water quality data forecast, but in this thesis, I give a different method to design network. By this method, BP neural network has strong causation between input and output data. This method can improve the veracity of forecasting. Besides, this BP neural network is even able to forecast the consequence of faculative water pollution. I hope all of these can do something to stop the depravation of water environment.
本论文为嵌入式水质监测设备引入一款优秀的实时操作系统——eCos,详细分析了这个开源实时操作系统的结构,移植原理,交叉工具链的构建方法,并针对嵌入式水质监测终端试验板的硬件资源,描述了eCos在该终端上移植、开发、调试的具体步骤;为了实现水质监测终端能接入Internet,论文讨论怎样将开源TCP/IP协议栈LwIP成功移植到eCos,使之成为该操作系统的一个标准模块。因为eCos和LwIP软件基础的支持,嵌入式水质监测设备应用程序开发得以简化,并可以保证应用程序的稳定可靠。
针对水环境系统中,河流、水库、湖泊等较强的地理特征,本论文尝试着将地理信息系统(GIS)融入水环境信息管理当中,改变当前水质数据单一的数据报表格式,使水环境信息平台更加直观形象,简单易用。论文详细分析了MapInfo系列工具实现数字地图的一次开发和二次开发步骤,以及地理信息系统与水环境信息管理系统的融合方法。
在文章的最后,给出了一种BP神经网络预测水质数据的建模方法,该方法针对河流的特点,采用时间序列加空间序列建模,预测模型输入输出之间有较强的因果关系,并能对突发污染事件的后续效应作出较准确的预测。
作者希望,以上几点研究内容能帮助改善日益恶化的水环境现状。
To improve the informationization of water environment supervision, this thesis proposes a system of water environment remote monitor and water quality data management which bases on embedded internet connecting technic and GIS (Global Information System). This thesis includes primarily embedded operation system, embedded TCP/IP stacks and GIS which are hot fields of computer technic in these years. To connect the water remote monitor terminal on internet, firstly this thesis research the achicticture of eCos which is an excellent open source RTOS(real time operation system), and resolves how to port eCos on the board of the terminal;then I add TCP/IP packages to eCos by adoping LwIP, which is very small and compeled TCP/IP stacks, especially suitable for embedded application. Both eCos and LwIP can make the development of application software simple and robustioust. Because the rivers are geographical objects, I use GIS to design the water environment information management and connect GIS with database. This thesis discusses the way how to built GIS by MapInfo series tools combined with VC or ASP( Vbscript). When the users open this software, they would see a beautiful digital map, rather than any input boxs. Users can get data they need by operate the digital map, and the data of water quality even can display on the digital map by charts or different colors. In the last chapter, I adopt BP neural network to forecast the water quality data. BP neural network is wildly used to water quality data forecast, but in this thesis, I give a different method to design network. By this method, BP neural network has strong causation between input and output data. This method can improve the veracity of forecasting. Besides, this BP neural network is even able to forecast the consequence of faculative water pollution. I hope all of these can do something to stop the depravation of water environment.
引文
[1].毛剑英,肖建军,朱建平.地表水环境质量定性评价[J].中国环境监测.2005.12:57-60
[2].高娟,李贵宝,华珞.地表水环境监测进展与问题探讨[J].水资源保护.2006.1:5-8
[3].高而坤.加强入河排污口的监督管理为经济发展提供水资源保障[J].中国水利 2005(17):40-45
[4]. F. Toran, D. Ramirez, A. E. Navarro, S. Casans, J. Pelegri, J. M. Espi, Design of a virtual instrument for water quality monitoring accoss the Internet, Sensors and Actuators[C] B, Chemical Volume 76, 2001: 281-285
[5]. F. Toran, D. Ramirez, A. E. Navarro, S. Casans, J. Pelegri, Distribute virtual Instrument for Water qulitity monitoring across the Internet, Instrumentation and Mearurement Technology Conference[C] 2000: 652-656
[6]. O. Postolache, P. Girao, M. Perira, H. Ramos, An Internet and microcontroller-based remote operation Multi-sensor system for water quality monitoring[J]. Sensors, Volume 2 12-14 June 2002: 1532-1536
[7].王劲东,水质监测自动化技术简介[J],自动化博览,1998.5:8-29
[8].刘杨真,张金阳,广东省水质自动监测现状及发展规划[J],城市环境与城 2002.13:35-36
[9].吴红光,李万庆.南水北调中线输水干线水质监测管理信息系统研究[J].2005.12-14
[10].余华.水质自动监测站仪器运行分析测试[J] 电子测量与仪器学报 2006.1:31-35
[11].Arman Danesh,邱仲潘译 Linux从入门到精通[M] 北京 电子工业出版社 1999
[12].K.Wall.M.Watson,M.Whitis.王勇,甘泉译 GNU/Linux 编程指南北京:清华大学出版社[M]2002.6
[13].Jean J Labrosse著,邵贝贝等译,uC/OS-Ⅱ—源码公开的实时嵌入式操作系统[M],北京:中国电力出版社,2001
[14]. eCosCentric, eCos 2.0 Documentation 2003
[15]. Anthony J. Massa, Embedded Softeware Development with eCos[M] SADDLE RIVER, 2003
[16].王田苗主编,嵌入式系统设计与实例开发——基于ARM微处理器与uC/OS-Ⅱ实时操作系统[M],北京:清华大学出版社,2002
[17].马忠梅等编著,ARM嵌入式处理器结构与应用基础[M],北京:北京航空航天大学出版社,2002
[18]. S3C44BOX RISC MICROPROCESSOR, Samsung Inc. 2003
[19]. RTL8019 Full-Duplex Ethernet Controller, Realtek Inc., 2000
[20].Brian W.Kernighan,Dennis M.Ritchie.C程序设计语言[M]北京清华大学出版社
[21].林锐,高质量程序设计指南——C++/C语言[M],北京,电子工业出版社,2002
[22].谢希仁,计算机网络[M],大连理工大学出版社 2001
[23].W.Richard Stevens,范建华,胥光辉,张涛等译TCP/IP详解[M]机械工业出版社
[24].王涛,王勇,史志国,陈抗生,一种嵌入式系统接入Internet的专用协议的设计[A],2001嵌入式系统及单片机国际学术交流会论文集[C],2001:350-353
[25].李燕青,于振生,基于S7600A的嵌入式系统Internet接入方案[J],电子技术应用 2002.8:24-26
[26].康宗明,谢时根,基于网络的嵌入式远程图像监控系统分析与设计[J],电视技术,2002.8:79-81
[27].李明 康静秋,嵌入式TCP/IP协议栈的研究与开发[J],计算机工程与应用,2002.8(2):118-121
[28].Behrouz A_Forouzan&Sophia Chung Fegan著,谢希仁译,TCP/IP协议族[M],北京:清些大学出版社,2003
[29]. Adam Dunkels, Design and Implemantation of the LwIP TCP/IP Stack, 2000
[30].万跃华,Visual C++.NET 网络编程[M],北京,科学出版社
[31].龚建雅.地理信息系统基础[M].科学出版社,北京,2001
[32].吴信才,白玉琪,郭玲玲.地理信息系统(GIS)发展现状及展望[J].计算机工程与应用,2000.5:8-10
[33].吴信才.地理信息系统的基本技术与发展动态[J].中国地质大学学报.1998.23:329-333
[34].赵俊三,赵耀龙.GIS发展的最新趋势及其应用前景[J].测绘工程.2000.9(2):21-25
[35].方裕,陈斌,薛巍巍,开放式地理信息系统应用开发平台的理论与实现[J].中国图象图形学报 1998.3(10):858—870
[36].高小力,软件组件技术及其在GIS中的应用[J],测绘标准化,2001.10(1):41-45
[37].姚敏,张柏,张树清,基于构件的地理信息系统应用软件开发模型研究[J].测绘工程 2001.10(1):41-45
[38].赵华亮,赵晓虎,唐芜.构件式GIS软件开发中的构件构架技术[J].中国矿业大学学 2001,30(2):209-212
[39]. MapX Online Help, MapInfo Coporation, 2001
[40]. MapXTreme Developers Guide, MapInfo Corporation., 2003
[41].神经网络理论与MATLAB7实现[M],飞思科技产品研发中心,电子工业出版社,2005.3
[42].邬红娟,郭生练.人工神经网络方法在资源与环境预测方面的应用[J].长江流域资源与环境,2000,9(2):237-241.
[43]. SUEN. J. P, EHEART. J. W. Evaluation of neural networks for modeling nitrate concentrations in rivers [J]. Journal of WaterResources Planning and Management SCE, 2003, 129 (6): 505-510.
[2].高娟,李贵宝,华珞.地表水环境监测进展与问题探讨[J].水资源保护.2006.1:5-8
[3].高而坤.加强入河排污口的监督管理为经济发展提供水资源保障[J].中国水利 2005(17):40-45
[4]. F. Toran, D. Ramirez, A. E. Navarro, S. Casans, J. Pelegri, J. M. Espi, Design of a virtual instrument for water quality monitoring accoss the Internet, Sensors and Actuators[C] B, Chemical Volume 76, 2001: 281-285
[5]. F. Toran, D. Ramirez, A. E. Navarro, S. Casans, J. Pelegri, Distribute virtual Instrument for Water qulitity monitoring across the Internet, Instrumentation and Mearurement Technology Conference[C] 2000: 652-656
[6]. O. Postolache, P. Girao, M. Perira, H. Ramos, An Internet and microcontroller-based remote operation Multi-sensor system for water quality monitoring[J]. Sensors, Volume 2 12-14 June 2002: 1532-1536
[7].王劲东,水质监测自动化技术简介[J],自动化博览,1998.5:8-29
[8].刘杨真,张金阳,广东省水质自动监测现状及发展规划[J],城市环境与城 2002.13:35-36
[9].吴红光,李万庆.南水北调中线输水干线水质监测管理信息系统研究[J].2005.12-14
[10].余华.水质自动监测站仪器运行分析测试[J] 电子测量与仪器学报 2006.1:31-35
[11].Arman Danesh,邱仲潘译 Linux从入门到精通[M] 北京 电子工业出版社 1999
[12].K.Wall.M.Watson,M.Whitis.王勇,甘泉译 GNU/Linux 编程指南北京:清华大学出版社[M]2002.6
[13].Jean J Labrosse著,邵贝贝等译,uC/OS-Ⅱ—源码公开的实时嵌入式操作系统[M],北京:中国电力出版社,2001
[14]. eCosCentric, eCos 2.0 Documentation 2003
[15]. Anthony J. Massa, Embedded Softeware Development with eCos[M] SADDLE RIVER, 2003
[16].王田苗主编,嵌入式系统设计与实例开发——基于ARM微处理器与uC/OS-Ⅱ实时操作系统[M],北京:清华大学出版社,2002
[17].马忠梅等编著,ARM嵌入式处理器结构与应用基础[M],北京:北京航空航天大学出版社,2002
[18]. S3C44BOX RISC MICROPROCESSOR, Samsung Inc. 2003
[19]. RTL8019 Full-Duplex Ethernet Controller, Realtek Inc., 2000
[20].Brian W.Kernighan,Dennis M.Ritchie.C程序设计语言[M]北京清华大学出版社
[21].林锐,高质量程序设计指南——C++/C语言[M],北京,电子工业出版社,2002
[22].谢希仁,计算机网络[M],大连理工大学出版社 2001
[23].W.Richard Stevens,范建华,胥光辉,张涛等译TCP/IP详解[M]机械工业出版社
[24].王涛,王勇,史志国,陈抗生,一种嵌入式系统接入Internet的专用协议的设计[A],2001嵌入式系统及单片机国际学术交流会论文集[C],2001:350-353
[25].李燕青,于振生,基于S7600A的嵌入式系统Internet接入方案[J],电子技术应用 2002.8:24-26
[26].康宗明,谢时根,基于网络的嵌入式远程图像监控系统分析与设计[J],电视技术,2002.8:79-81
[27].李明 康静秋,嵌入式TCP/IP协议栈的研究与开发[J],计算机工程与应用,2002.8(2):118-121
[28].Behrouz A_Forouzan&Sophia Chung Fegan著,谢希仁译,TCP/IP协议族[M],北京:清些大学出版社,2003
[29]. Adam Dunkels, Design and Implemantation of the LwIP TCP/IP Stack, 2000
[30].万跃华,Visual C++.NET 网络编程[M],北京,科学出版社
[31].龚建雅.地理信息系统基础[M].科学出版社,北京,2001
[32].吴信才,白玉琪,郭玲玲.地理信息系统(GIS)发展现状及展望[J].计算机工程与应用,2000.5:8-10
[33].吴信才.地理信息系统的基本技术与发展动态[J].中国地质大学学报.1998.23:329-333
[34].赵俊三,赵耀龙.GIS发展的最新趋势及其应用前景[J].测绘工程.2000.9(2):21-25
[35].方裕,陈斌,薛巍巍,开放式地理信息系统应用开发平台的理论与实现[J].中国图象图形学报 1998.3(10):858—870
[36].高小力,软件组件技术及其在GIS中的应用[J],测绘标准化,2001.10(1):41-45
[37].姚敏,张柏,张树清,基于构件的地理信息系统应用软件开发模型研究[J].测绘工程 2001.10(1):41-45
[38].赵华亮,赵晓虎,唐芜.构件式GIS软件开发中的构件构架技术[J].中国矿业大学学 2001,30(2):209-212
[39]. MapX Online Help, MapInfo Coporation, 2001
[40]. MapXTreme Developers Guide, MapInfo Corporation., 2003
[41].神经网络理论与MATLAB7实现[M],飞思科技产品研发中心,电子工业出版社,2005.3
[42].邬红娟,郭生练.人工神经网络方法在资源与环境预测方面的应用[J].长江流域资源与环境,2000,9(2):237-241.
[43]. SUEN. J. P, EHEART. J. W. Evaluation of neural networks for modeling nitrate concentrations in rivers [J]. Journal of WaterResources Planning and Management SCE, 2003, 129 (6): 505-510.