基于ARM嵌入式系统应用平台的研究与设计
摘要
以信息电器为代表的嵌入式应用系统真正拉开了嵌入式系统大发展的序幕,它必将进一步推动IT产业的发展,给人类的生产、生活带来深远的影响,嵌入式系统自诞生以来经历了一个从无到有、从弱到强、从少到多的发展过程而生产嵌入式系统的开发工具却越来越落后于实际的需要,并逐步成为嵌入式系统进一步发展的瓶颈。
应用平台开发战略正是在这样的背景下诞生的,它顺应了历史发展的潮流,也必将会得到更大的发展和应用。嵌入式系统是软件和硬件的综合体,软件又包括嵌入式操作系统和上层应用程序,导致嵌入式系统开发周期长,难度大、效率低、出错率高、成本也居高不下。嵌入式系统开发分为两个阶段,即嵌入式平台的开发阶段和针对某个应用的应用程序开发阶段,开发人员或企业不需要向以往一样对产品的软件和硬件从零开始开发,可以直接在现成的嵌入式平台上进行产品的开发,大大缩短了开发周期,及时地推出自己的产品,增加了产品的市场竞争力。
本论文的主题就是针对测控领域研究设计了一个嵌入式平台,该平台主要集成了数据采集,液晶显示,无线射频数据传输的功能。
论文的第一部分主要介绍课题研究背景和意义,嵌入式系统基础知识,包括嵌入式系统的分类,应用领域,现状和发展前景以及论文的组织结构。第二部分主要对和系统相关的技术进行研究,包括嵌入式系统的总体结构,一般设计方法,嵌入式硬件平台和实时操作系统的选择原则,ARM处理器,集成开发环境ADS1.2。第三部分主要设计了应用平台总体方案,主要包括前期数据采集和后期数据处理两个部分,后期数据处理部分主要实现液晶显示,无线数据传输两个功能。第四部分主要是对应用平台的硬件设计,详细介绍了主要单元电路。第五部分主要是对应用平台的软件设计,包括启动加载程序BootLoader,操作系统uC/OS-Ⅱ在S3C44BOX上的移植和串口通信程序。
Now, the embedded application system, represented by information appliance, is leading embedded system to booming development. It will make the information technology industry get more development, and bringfar-reaching influence to people's production and life. The embedded system is coming through a developing course from simple to complex. But now the devising tools of embedded system is still far behind hand to thepractical need, and this is more and more becoming the obstacle in the developing road of embedded system.On this background, developing stratagem based on platform has been put forward, and is getting quick development and application. Embedded system is the colligation of hardware and software, software contain operation system and above application program, it lead that the develop period is very long, and difficulty is very strong. Now the developing of embedded system contain two parts, universal embedded system and above application program development. Researcher or company don't neeed develop entire hardware and software of embedded system, can develop the embedded system on the basic of developed system.This paper assumes a development project about the application platform of embedded system which applied in measure and control system, which mainly realize the function of data collection, LCD display, wireless data transmission. The first part of this paper mainly introduce background and sense of research, basic knowledge of embedded system and so on. The second part of this paper mainly research related theory knowledge about embedded system, which contain the structure of embedded system, designing method , embedded operation system and develop entironment. Finally, this paper mainly introduce the design of hardware and software.
应用平台开发战略正是在这样的背景下诞生的,它顺应了历史发展的潮流,也必将会得到更大的发展和应用。嵌入式系统是软件和硬件的综合体,软件又包括嵌入式操作系统和上层应用程序,导致嵌入式系统开发周期长,难度大、效率低、出错率高、成本也居高不下。嵌入式系统开发分为两个阶段,即嵌入式平台的开发阶段和针对某个应用的应用程序开发阶段,开发人员或企业不需要向以往一样对产品的软件和硬件从零开始开发,可以直接在现成的嵌入式平台上进行产品的开发,大大缩短了开发周期,及时地推出自己的产品,增加了产品的市场竞争力。
本论文的主题就是针对测控领域研究设计了一个嵌入式平台,该平台主要集成了数据采集,液晶显示,无线射频数据传输的功能。
论文的第一部分主要介绍课题研究背景和意义,嵌入式系统基础知识,包括嵌入式系统的分类,应用领域,现状和发展前景以及论文的组织结构。第二部分主要对和系统相关的技术进行研究,包括嵌入式系统的总体结构,一般设计方法,嵌入式硬件平台和实时操作系统的选择原则,ARM处理器,集成开发环境ADS1.2。第三部分主要设计了应用平台总体方案,主要包括前期数据采集和后期数据处理两个部分,后期数据处理部分主要实现液晶显示,无线数据传输两个功能。第四部分主要是对应用平台的硬件设计,详细介绍了主要单元电路。第五部分主要是对应用平台的软件设计,包括启动加载程序BootLoader,操作系统uC/OS-Ⅱ在S3C44BOX上的移植和串口通信程序。
Now, the embedded application system, represented by information appliance, is leading embedded system to booming development. It will make the information technology industry get more development, and bringfar-reaching influence to people's production and life. The embedded system is coming through a developing course from simple to complex. But now the devising tools of embedded system is still far behind hand to thepractical need, and this is more and more becoming the obstacle in the developing road of embedded system.On this background, developing stratagem based on platform has been put forward, and is getting quick development and application. Embedded system is the colligation of hardware and software, software contain operation system and above application program, it lead that the develop period is very long, and difficulty is very strong. Now the developing of embedded system contain two parts, universal embedded system and above application program development. Researcher or company don't neeed develop entire hardware and software of embedded system, can develop the embedded system on the basic of developed system.This paper assumes a development project about the application platform of embedded system which applied in measure and control system, which mainly realize the function of data collection, LCD display, wireless data transmission. The first part of this paper mainly introduce background and sense of research, basic knowledge of embedded system and so on. The second part of this paper mainly research related theory knowledge about embedded system, which contain the structure of embedded system, designing method , embedded operation system and develop entironment. Finally, this paper mainly introduce the design of hardware and software.
引文
[1] 王田苗.嵌入式系统设计与应用实例开发.北京:清华大学出版社,2003.190～195
[2] 李驹光,聂雪媛,将泽明,王兆卫.ARM应用系统开发详解.北京:清华大学出版社,2003.71～126
[3] Jean J.Labrosse著,邵贝贝等译.嵌入式实时操作系统uC/OS-Ⅱ.北京:北京航空航天大学出版社,2003.34～316
[4] 马忠梅,徐英慧,叶勇建,林明.AT91系列ARM核微控制器结构与开发.北京:北京航空航天大学出版社,2003.6～36
[5] S. Furher. ARM System-on-Chip Architeture. Pearson Education Limited Press, 2000. 59-87
[6] Caicedo, Marulanda, Thomson. Monitoring of Bridges to Detect changes in Structural Health[A]. American Control Conference[C]. Proceedings of the 2001, 2001, 1(6): 25～27
[7] Steve Furber著,田泽,于敦山,盛世敏译.ARM SoC体系结构.北京:北京航空航天大学出版社,2002.210～227
[8] 邹思轶.嵌入式Linux设计与应用.北京:清华大学出版社,2002.318～325
[9] (美)休特著,张晓林译.嵌入式系统固件揭密.北京:电子工业出版社,2003.12～44
[10] 魏忠,蔡勇,雷红卫.嵌入式开发详解.北京:电子工业出版社,2003.1～23
[11] R. H. Bourgonjon. Embedded systems in consumer products. Heidelberg, Germany: Springer-Verlag, 1996. Vol. 1494: 395～403
[12] Micrium Technologies Corporation. uC/GUI source code
[13] Micrium Technologies Corporation. uC/GUI user manual
[14] 探矽工作室.嵌入式系统开发圣经(第二版).北京:中国铁道出版社,2003.34～44
[15] (美)Wayne Wolf著,孙玉芳,梁彬,罗保国,谢谦等译.嵌入式计算系统设计原理.北京:机械工业出版社,2002.5～45
[16] Ron Franke. Porting application software in the embedded system environment. Electronic engineering, 2000. 35～41
[17] (美)Arnold Berger著,吕骏译.嵌入式系统设计.北京:电子工业出版社,2002.34～37
[18] 桑楠.嵌入式系统原理与应用开发技术.北京:北京航空航天大学出版社,2002.18～392002.125～136
[19] 周洁,杨心怀.32位RISC CPU ARM芯片的应用和选型.电子技术应用,2002.50～52
[20] David Seal. ARM Achitecture Reference Manual, 2000
[21] Samsung Electronics. ARMTTDMI Technical Reference Manual
[22] Silion Storage Technology Inc. SST39VF160 User Manual
[23] ARM Developer Suite Version 1.2, Advanced RISC Machines Ltd, 2000
[24] 程荷,武航译.嵌入式微处理器数据及应用手册.北京:电子工业出版社,1996.128～136
[25] Stuart R.Ball P.E.著,苏建平,李鹏飞译.嵌入式微处理器系统设计实例.北京:电子工业出版社,2004.35～46
[26] 林锐,戴玉宏.图形用户界面设计与技术.西安:西安电子科技大学出版社,1997.11～25
[27] 宋立新.面向嵌入式操作系统的图形用户界面:[硕士学位论文].浙江:浙江大学,2001.35～40
[28] B. P. Douglass. Real-Time UM: Efficient Objects for Embedded Systems. America: Addison Wesley, 1997. 30～35
[29] Brash David. The ARM Architecture Version6(ARMv6), ARM Ltd: 2000. 65～78.
[30] ARM Architecture reference Manual. Advanced RISC Machines Ltd (ARM), 1999. 65～72
[31] 罗什鉴,朱上上,孙手迁.人机界面设计.北京:机械工业出版社,2002.47～78
[32] 王振宇.uC/OS操作系统在ARM系统中的应用:[硕士学位论文].吉林:吉林大学,2002.25～35
[33] 张俊峰.基于ARM芯片的机车制动监测系统研究:[硕士学位论文].武汉:武汉理工大学,2004.10～25
[34] 姜卓.基于ARM微处理器S3C44BOX的交互系统设计:[硕士学位论文].吉林:吉林大学,2002.28～36
[35] 郝新轶.基于ARM的嵌入式系统设计:[硕士学位论文].吉林:吉林大学,2002.5～9
[36] Jean J.Labrosse著,袁勤勇等译.嵌入式系统构件.北京:机械工业出版社,2002.25～34
[37] 吕京建,肖海桥.嵌入式处理器分类与现状.北京:北京航空航天大学出版社,2001.1～12
[38] Michael Barr著,于志宏译.C/C++嵌入式系统编程,北京:中国电力出版社,2000.111～134
[39] 蒋亚群,张春元.ARM微处理器体系结构及其嵌入式SOC.计算机工程,2002.Vol.2:4～6
[40] 何嘉斌,陈适,何方.嵌入式Internet技术应用.单片机与嵌入式系统应用,2002.(1～6合订本):169～172
[41] 马海红,何嘉斌.基于ARM的嵌入式系统FLASH接口设计与编程.仪表技术与传感器,2005.(1):39～42
[42] 何嘉斌,马海红.电量检测系统显示终端的设计.武汉理工大学学报(交通科学与工程版),2005.29(1):137～140
[43] WU Zai-jun, WANG Zheng, HU Min-qing. Design and implementation of automatic meter reading system. Electric Power Automation Equipment, 2002, 22(2): 57～59
[44] Jian Cai and David J. Goodman, General Packet Radio Service in GSM. IEEE Mag., 1997, 35(IO): 122～131
[45] 马海红.基于ARM和RTOS的嵌入式GUI应用平台设计:[硕士学位论文].武汉:武汉理工大学.2005.21～47
[46] 马晓波.嵌入式GUI的研制:[硕士学位论文].成都:电子科技大学.2003.16～23
[47] 陈予吒.基于uC/OS-Ⅱ的嵌入式系统设计与实现:[硕士学位论文].浙江:浙江大学.2004.32～46
[48] Samsung Electronics. S3C44BOX User Manual
[49] Samsung Electronics. S3C44BOX Instruction Set. 2000
[50] 王红展.基于嵌入式实时操作系统的ARM控制平台的实现:[硕士学位论文].成都:电子科技大学.2004.35～46
[51] 熊志金.基于ARM的嵌入式电力远程监测系统的研究:[硕士学位论文].武汉:武汉理工大学.2004.42～47
[52] 徐超.基于嵌入式系统的安全网关的设计:[硕士学位论文].武汉:武汉理工大学.2004.21～32
[53] Hyundal Semiconductor. Specification HY57V641620. 2000
[54] Harmuth HE. On the Transmission of information by Orthogonal Time Function. AIEE Trans., pt.1 (Communication and Electronics), 1960(7): 248～255
[55] Robert W Chang. Synthesis of Band-limited Orthogonal Signals for Multichannel Data Transmission. BSTJ, 1966(12): 175～189
[56] Michael Beck. Linux Kernel Programming. Embedded Linux Journal, 2002, 15(6): 15～17
[2] 李驹光,聂雪媛,将泽明,王兆卫.ARM应用系统开发详解.北京:清华大学出版社,2003.71～126
[3] Jean J.Labrosse著,邵贝贝等译.嵌入式实时操作系统uC/OS-Ⅱ.北京:北京航空航天大学出版社,2003.34～316
[4] 马忠梅,徐英慧,叶勇建,林明.AT91系列ARM核微控制器结构与开发.北京:北京航空航天大学出版社,2003.6～36
[5] S. Furher. ARM System-on-Chip Architeture. Pearson Education Limited Press, 2000. 59-87
[6] Caicedo, Marulanda, Thomson. Monitoring of Bridges to Detect changes in Structural Health[A]. American Control Conference[C]. Proceedings of the 2001, 2001, 1(6): 25～27
[7] Steve Furber著,田泽,于敦山,盛世敏译.ARM SoC体系结构.北京:北京航空航天大学出版社,2002.210～227
[8] 邹思轶.嵌入式Linux设计与应用.北京:清华大学出版社,2002.318～325
[9] (美)休特著,张晓林译.嵌入式系统固件揭密.北京:电子工业出版社,2003.12～44
[10] 魏忠,蔡勇,雷红卫.嵌入式开发详解.北京:电子工业出版社,2003.1～23
[11] R. H. Bourgonjon. Embedded systems in consumer products. Heidelberg, Germany: Springer-Verlag, 1996. Vol. 1494: 395～403
[12] Micrium Technologies Corporation. uC/GUI source code
[13] Micrium Technologies Corporation. uC/GUI user manual
[14] 探矽工作室.嵌入式系统开发圣经(第二版).北京:中国铁道出版社,2003.34～44
[15] (美)Wayne Wolf著,孙玉芳,梁彬,罗保国,谢谦等译.嵌入式计算系统设计原理.北京:机械工业出版社,2002.5～45
[16] Ron Franke. Porting application software in the embedded system environment. Electronic engineering, 2000. 35～41
[17] (美)Arnold Berger著,吕骏译.嵌入式系统设计.北京:电子工业出版社,2002.34～37
[18] 桑楠.嵌入式系统原理与应用开发技术.北京:北京航空航天大学出版社,2002.18～392002.125～136
[19] 周洁,杨心怀.32位RISC CPU ARM芯片的应用和选型.电子技术应用,2002.50～52
[20] David Seal. ARM Achitecture Reference Manual, 2000
[21] Samsung Electronics. ARMTTDMI Technical Reference Manual
[22] Silion Storage Technology Inc. SST39VF160 User Manual
[23] ARM Developer Suite Version 1.2, Advanced RISC Machines Ltd, 2000
[24] 程荷,武航译.嵌入式微处理器数据及应用手册.北京:电子工业出版社,1996.128～136
[25] Stuart R.Ball P.E.著,苏建平,李鹏飞译.嵌入式微处理器系统设计实例.北京:电子工业出版社,2004.35～46
[26] 林锐,戴玉宏.图形用户界面设计与技术.西安:西安电子科技大学出版社,1997.11～25
[27] 宋立新.面向嵌入式操作系统的图形用户界面:[硕士学位论文].浙江:浙江大学,2001.35～40
[28] B. P. Douglass. Real-Time UM: Efficient Objects for Embedded Systems. America: Addison Wesley, 1997. 30～35
[29] Brash David. The ARM Architecture Version6(ARMv6), ARM Ltd: 2000. 65～78.
[30] ARM Architecture reference Manual. Advanced RISC Machines Ltd (ARM), 1999. 65～72
[31] 罗什鉴,朱上上,孙手迁.人机界面设计.北京:机械工业出版社,2002.47～78
[32] 王振宇.uC/OS操作系统在ARM系统中的应用:[硕士学位论文].吉林:吉林大学,2002.25～35
[33] 张俊峰.基于ARM芯片的机车制动监测系统研究:[硕士学位论文].武汉:武汉理工大学,2004.10～25
[34] 姜卓.基于ARM微处理器S3C44BOX的交互系统设计:[硕士学位论文].吉林:吉林大学,2002.28～36
[35] 郝新轶.基于ARM的嵌入式系统设计:[硕士学位论文].吉林:吉林大学,2002.5～9
[36] Jean J.Labrosse著,袁勤勇等译.嵌入式系统构件.北京:机械工业出版社,2002.25～34
[37] 吕京建,肖海桥.嵌入式处理器分类与现状.北京:北京航空航天大学出版社,2001.1～12
[38] Michael Barr著,于志宏译.C/C++嵌入式系统编程,北京:中国电力出版社,2000.111～134
[39] 蒋亚群,张春元.ARM微处理器体系结构及其嵌入式SOC.计算机工程,2002.Vol.2:4～6
[40] 何嘉斌,陈适,何方.嵌入式Internet技术应用.单片机与嵌入式系统应用,2002.(1～6合订本):169～172
[41] 马海红,何嘉斌.基于ARM的嵌入式系统FLASH接口设计与编程.仪表技术与传感器,2005.(1):39～42
[42] 何嘉斌,马海红.电量检测系统显示终端的设计.武汉理工大学学报(交通科学与工程版),2005.29(1):137～140
[43] WU Zai-jun, WANG Zheng, HU Min-qing. Design and implementation of automatic meter reading system. Electric Power Automation Equipment, 2002, 22(2): 57～59
[44] Jian Cai and David J. Goodman, General Packet Radio Service in GSM. IEEE Mag., 1997, 35(IO): 122～131
[45] 马海红.基于ARM和RTOS的嵌入式GUI应用平台设计:[硕士学位论文].武汉:武汉理工大学.2005.21～47
[46] 马晓波.嵌入式GUI的研制:[硕士学位论文].成都:电子科技大学.2003.16～23
[47] 陈予吒.基于uC/OS-Ⅱ的嵌入式系统设计与实现:[硕士学位论文].浙江:浙江大学.2004.32～46
[48] Samsung Electronics. S3C44BOX User Manual
[49] Samsung Electronics. S3C44BOX Instruction Set. 2000
[50] 王红展.基于嵌入式实时操作系统的ARM控制平台的实现:[硕士学位论文].成都:电子科技大学.2004.35～46
[51] 熊志金.基于ARM的嵌入式电力远程监测系统的研究:[硕士学位论文].武汉:武汉理工大学.2004.42～47
[52] 徐超.基于嵌入式系统的安全网关的设计:[硕士学位论文].武汉:武汉理工大学.2004.21～32
[53] Hyundal Semiconductor. Specification HY57V641620. 2000
[54] Harmuth HE. On the Transmission of information by Orthogonal Time Function. AIEE Trans., pt.1 (Communication and Electronics), 1960(7): 248～255
[55] Robert W Chang. Synthesis of Band-limited Orthogonal Signals for Multichannel Data Transmission. BSTJ, 1966(12): 175～189
[56] Michael Beck. Linux Kernel Programming. Embedded Linux Journal, 2002, 15(6): 15～17