PDM中产品结构与产品配置的研究
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摘要
市场竞争日趋激烈，计算机技术和网络技术，特别是Internet／Intranet技术的快速发展，促使企业必须采用新的管理模式、组织结构和决策准则，以不断提高企业的竞争力。PDM(产品数据管理)是一种管理产品整个生命周期内所有与其相关信息和过程的技术，是新时期下提高跨地域企业产品开发管理水平的有效手段，是实现企业信息集成的关键，是企业向分布化、集团化和专业化，以及异地制造、动态联盟、虚拟企业等新的企业组织和合作方式发展的基础。
产品结构管理和产品配置管理是PDM的重要功能模块，也是PDM系统与其他应用系统进行集成的接口。传统的PDM产品以具体的产品结构为中心组织产品数据，导致设计周期长、数据库过于庞大、产品数据维护困难。
本文针对目前传统产品数据管理系统的不足之处，对基于组件的、三层体系结构的软件应用模型和产品结构与产品配置有关的理论进行了深入的研究，取得了一定的成果，归纳起来如下：
1、在模块的设计上采用了基于组件的、三层体系结构的应用模型，其关键是以COM作为构建应用的基本组件，以微软事务服务器(MTS)作为组件的运行环境。通过在应用模型中引入三层体系结构，应用的伸缩性和重用性得到显著的提高。三层体系结构逻辑上分表示层、业务逻辑层和数据层。这种应用结构可根据不同企业需求迅速塔建灵活、可伸缩性的应用。
2、应用零部件族和BOM多视图的概念，加强了产品结构管理功能。零部件分族管理可以减少重复设计，方便零部件的检索；BOM多视图管理可以根据企业不同部门的需要(这些部门包括设计、采购、制造、维护)自动产生不同的视图。
3、进入了21世纪以后的制造业将面临小批量、个性化的生产方式，计算机网络和信息处理技术的发展，特别是Web技术的快速发展，打破了企业分布在地域上的界限，在企业组织与生产模式上出现了动态联盟、并行工程等特征。激烈的国际竞争促使企业采用新技术以提高产品开发水平。针对这种现实在产品配置模块设计中提出了基于产品模型和零部件族、应用知识
d＼硕士学位论文
四示示y 川UIR’Slffe“
库和规则库的产品配置的方法，其关键是在建立产品模型和实现零部件的
分族管理的基础上，通过两个阶段的搜索匹配（第一阶段是在产品模型上
的搜索和匹配，得到相应的构件，第二阶段是针对零部件族的搜索匹配）
得到最终的配置零部件。这一方法可满足分布式、大批量定制条件下企业
对产品结构管理、产品配置的需求。
4、按照前面所述的理论和方法完成了产品结构和产品配置这两个模块的功能
设计和数据库的设计。
With the increasing market competition, and the rapid development of computer and network technology, especially Internet/Intranet technology, the enterprise has to take up the new management style, organization architecture and decision-making criteria, so as to increase the competition capability. PDM(product data management) is a techology to manage product-related information and processes throughout the lifecycle of product. It is not only the efficient way to improve the level of multi-area product developing management during the latest period, and the essential element of information integration for enterprise, but also the foundation for implementing the distributed, integrated, professional enterprise and for forming the new organization style such as multi-area manufacturaion, dynamic union, visual enterprise.
Product Structure Management and Product Configuration Management are primary functions that PDM provides. The main objective of this dissertation is to overcome the drawbacks of traditional PDMS. This paper studies deeply on three-tier, component-based architecture application,product structure management and configuration management. The results achieved include the following:
1. the model takes advantage of the component-based, three-tier architecture. In this architecture,COM is the primary way to assemble application, and Microsoft Transaction Server (MTS) provides the environment that COM works in. Scalability and reuse can be unproved significantly by introducing a third tier to the application architecture. In the three-tier model, presentation, business, and data access layers are logically separated. This approach can build flexible and scalable applications for enterprises quickly.
2. Part Family and Defferent Views of the Bom is applied to enhance Product Structure Management. Classification of parts can reduce re-design,facilitate retrieval of parts and reusing. Management of Defferent Views of the Bom can
automatically generate different views of the bom from the product structure to support different disciplines including design,purchsing,manfacturing,and other disciplines.
3. with the coming of 21th cuntury, manufacturing companies is facing the challenge of little and customizing production , With rapid development of computer science and information technology, in particular Web technology, the boundary of enterprises are extended to worldwide. Intense competition forced enterprises to adopt advanced technology to enhance their ability of product development, in this circumstance, Concurrent Engineering, virtual enterprise is put forward. A method of product configuration based on product model and part family, and utilizing knowledge-base and rule-base is proposed. After building product model and implement of Classification of parts, we finish product configuration through two phase search. First, we get component through searching in product model, then, we get proper part through searching in part family. Applying this method we can resolve the problem of Product Structure management and Product Configuration in distributed and mass-order environment.
4. According to the method and theory, the writer design and realize the Product Structure Management and Product Configuration Management in PDM
产品结构管理和产品配置管理是PDM的重要功能模块，也是PDM系统与其他应用系统进行集成的接口。传统的PDM产品以具体的产品结构为中心组织产品数据，导致设计周期长、数据库过于庞大、产品数据维护困难。
本文针对目前传统产品数据管理系统的不足之处，对基于组件的、三层体系结构的软件应用模型和产品结构与产品配置有关的理论进行了深入的研究，取得了一定的成果，归纳起来如下：
1、在模块的设计上采用了基于组件的、三层体系结构的应用模型，其关键是以COM作为构建应用的基本组件，以微软事务服务器(MTS)作为组件的运行环境。通过在应用模型中引入三层体系结构，应用的伸缩性和重用性得到显著的提高。三层体系结构逻辑上分表示层、业务逻辑层和数据层。这种应用结构可根据不同企业需求迅速塔建灵活、可伸缩性的应用。
2、应用零部件族和BOM多视图的概念，加强了产品结构管理功能。零部件分族管理可以减少重复设计，方便零部件的检索；BOM多视图管理可以根据企业不同部门的需要(这些部门包括设计、采购、制造、维护)自动产生不同的视图。
3、进入了21世纪以后的制造业将面临小批量、个性化的生产方式，计算机网络和信息处理技术的发展，特别是Web技术的快速发展，打破了企业分布在地域上的界限，在企业组织与生产模式上出现了动态联盟、并行工程等特征。激烈的国际竞争促使企业采用新技术以提高产品开发水平。针对这种现实在产品配置模块设计中提出了基于产品模型和零部件族、应用知识
d＼硕士学位论文
四示示y 川UIR’Slffe“
库和规则库的产品配置的方法，其关键是在建立产品模型和实现零部件的
分族管理的基础上，通过两个阶段的搜索匹配（第一阶段是在产品模型上
的搜索和匹配，得到相应的构件，第二阶段是针对零部件族的搜索匹配）
得到最终的配置零部件。这一方法可满足分布式、大批量定制条件下企业
对产品结构管理、产品配置的需求。
4、按照前面所述的理论和方法完成了产品结构和产品配置这两个模块的功能
设计和数据库的设计。
With the increasing market competition, and the rapid development of computer and network technology, especially Internet/Intranet technology, the enterprise has to take up the new management style, organization architecture and decision-making criteria, so as to increase the competition capability. PDM(product data management) is a techology to manage product-related information and processes throughout the lifecycle of product. It is not only the efficient way to improve the level of multi-area product developing management during the latest period, and the essential element of information integration for enterprise, but also the foundation for implementing the distributed, integrated, professional enterprise and for forming the new organization style such as multi-area manufacturaion, dynamic union, visual enterprise.
Product Structure Management and Product Configuration Management are primary functions that PDM provides. The main objective of this dissertation is to overcome the drawbacks of traditional PDMS. This paper studies deeply on three-tier, component-based architecture application,product structure management and configuration management. The results achieved include the following:
1. the model takes advantage of the component-based, three-tier architecture. In this architecture,COM is the primary way to assemble application, and Microsoft Transaction Server (MTS) provides the environment that COM works in. Scalability and reuse can be unproved significantly by introducing a third tier to the application architecture. In the three-tier model, presentation, business, and data access layers are logically separated. This approach can build flexible and scalable applications for enterprises quickly.
2. Part Family and Defferent Views of the Bom is applied to enhance Product Structure Management. Classification of parts can reduce re-design,facilitate retrieval of parts and reusing. Management of Defferent Views of the Bom can
automatically generate different views of the bom from the product structure to support different disciplines including design,purchsing,manfacturing,and other disciplines.
3. with the coming of 21th cuntury, manufacturing companies is facing the challenge of little and customizing production , With rapid development of computer science and information technology, in particular Web technology, the boundary of enterprises are extended to worldwide. Intense competition forced enterprises to adopt advanced technology to enhance their ability of product development, in this circumstance, Concurrent Engineering, virtual enterprise is put forward. A method of product configuration based on product model and part family, and utilizing knowledge-base and rule-base is proposed. After building product model and implement of Classification of parts, we finish product configuration through two phase search. First, we get component through searching in product model, then, we get proper part through searching in part family. Applying this method we can resolve the problem of Product Structure management and Product Configuration in distributed and mass-order environment.
4. According to the method and theory, the writer design and realize the Product Structure Management and Product Configuration Management in PDM
引文
[1] Alexander. Felferning,Gerhard Friedrich,Dietmar Jannach. Conceptual modeling for configuration of mass-customizable products,Artificial Intelligence in Engineering 2000(15) :165-176
[2] Z Kovacs,J-M Le Goff and R McClatchey, Support for product data from design to production, Computer Integrated Manufacturing Vol. 11 ,No.4,p.285-290,1998
[3] Eric Alsene. The Computer Integration of the Enterprise[J]. TREE Transaction Engineering Management, 1999, 46(1) :26-35
[4] R.H. Weston. Reconfigurable, component-based systems and the role of enterprise engineering concepts[J]. Computer In Industry, 1999, 40(2-3) :321-343
[5] M. Rezayat. The Enterprise-Web portal for life-cycle support[J]. Computer-Aided Design, 2000(32) : 85-96．
[6] STEP PDM Schema. PDM Implementtor Forum, 2000,4,21
[7] Hongyuan Xue, Ji Zhou,Yifang Zhong. Product Data Management System, International Conference On manufacturing Automation, 1997,4
[8] Liu Qinghua,Wan Li,Zhong Yifang. In Product Development Process Management, CADDM 2000,10
[9] Paul Grefen,Stefano Ceri,Gabriel Sanchez. Transaction and Rule Support for Workflow Management-A Retrospective on WIDE Architecture, CADDM 2000,10
[10] Distributed Applications for Visusal Basic6． 0． Microsoft Press
[11] Nagalingam, Sev V.; Lin, Grier C.I. .Latest developments in CIM , Robotics and Computer-Integrated Manufacturing, Volume: 15, Issue: 6, December, 1999, pp. 423-430
[12] Windows Distributed interNet Applications Architecture. Microsoft Corp. White Pape
[13] Vessell, Clive. Computer Integrated Manufacturing, and Small and Medium
Enterprises, Computers & Industrial Engineering, Volume: 37, Issue: 1-2, October, 1999, pp. 425-428
[14] Lee, Youngsoo; Lee, Gyubong; Cho, Youngjoon; Choi, Honzong. The Korea Advanced Manufacturing System (KAMS) Project, International Journal of Machine Tools and Manufacture, Volume: 39, Issue: 11, November, 1999, pp. 1807-1820)
[15] Ming, X.G.; Mak, K.L.; Yan, J.Q. A PDES/STEP-based information model for computer-aided process planning, Robotics and Computer-Integrated Manufacturing, Volume: 14, Issue: 5-6, October 12, 1998, pp. 347-361)
[16] Mehli-Qaissi, Jamila; Coulibaly, Amadou; Mutel, Bernard. Product Data Model for Production Management and Logistics, Computers & Industrial Engineering, Volume: 37, Issue: 1-2, October, 1999, pp. 27-30
[17] Sanchez, Ron. Strategic Product Creation: Managing New Interactions of Technology, Markets, and Organizations , European Management Journal, Volume: 14, Issue: 2, April, 1996, pp. 121-138
[18] Kovacs; Z; Le Goff, J-M; McClatchey, R. Support for product data from design to production, Computer Integrated Manufacturing Systems, Volume: 11, Issue: 4, October, 1998, pp. 285-290
[19] Erens, Freek; Verhulst, Karel . Architectures for product families, Computers in Industry, Volume: 33, Issue: 2-3, September, 1997, pp. 165-178
[20] Hardwick.M and Spooner . D , An information infrastructure for a virtual manufacturing enterprise, In Proceedings of concurrent Engineering: A Global Perspective . 1995, pp.417-429
[21] 万麟瑞，李绪蓉．系统集成方法学研究[J]．计算机学报，1999(10)：1025～1031
[22] 潘爱民．COM原理与应用[M]．清华大学出版社，1999．
[23] Mary Kirtland．基于组件的应用程序设计[M]．北京大学出版社，1999
[24] 童秉枢，李建明．产品数据管理(PDM)技术，清华大学出版社施普林格出版社，2000，7
[25] 高奇微，莫欣农．产品数据管理(PDM)及其实施，机械工业出版社，1998，12
[26] 张劲松，万立，张新访．面向设计过程的产品结构建模研究，机械与电子，2000，2
[27] 程涛，胡春华，吴波，杨叔子．分布式网络化制造系统构想，中国机械工程，1999，11
[28] 米智伟 方明伦 林财兴．Research on Integrated Framework of Agile PDM，中国机械工程，1999，11
[29] 程涛，胡春华，吴波，杨叔子．分布式网络化制造系统构想，中国机械工程，1999，11
[30] 张德运，苏东峰．通用Internet数据库访问模式的研究，西安交通大学学报，2000，4
[31] 梁正和，马朋举，李保明，卢秉恒．支持动态联盟的WWW网络环境的研究，中国机械工程，1999，8
[32] 张华，王志新．网上制造资源重组及协调工作，上海交通大学学报，1999，7
[33] 叶晓俊，王建民，孙家广．产品数据管理，计算机辅助工程，1998，12
[34] 康晶石，田华雨．国外先进技术发展战略与发展趋势，第五界中国计算机集成制造系统(CIMS)会议论文集，1998，8
[35] 朱文海，李文军等．基于PDM的某复杂构件并发设计，第五界中国计算机集成制造系统(CIMS)会议论文集，1998，8
[36] DCOM体系结构技术白皮书，Microsoft corporation
[37] 冯玉才．数据库系统基础，第二版，华中理工大学出版社，1993年
[38] 吴年宇，孟刚．基于PDM技术的制造业集成框架研究．清华大学学报(自然科学版)，1998，38(10)：73-76年
[39] 吴澄，李伯虎．从计算机集成制造到现代集成制造—兼谈中国CIMS的系统论的特点，第五届中国计算机集成制造系统(CIMS)学术会议CIMS—China98，1998年：1—8
[40] 郑子慈、李善平、董金祥．一个分布式产品数据管理系统的研究与开发．计算机研究与发展，1998．35(10)：921—924
[41] 郭阳、李思昆、杨强．CAD集成框架的一种新的工具封装方法．计算机研究与发展，1999．36(2)：204-208
[42] 陆薇、刘强、周琛等．基于组件的开放式CAD系统模型．软件学报，1998．9(9)：651—655
[43] 孙家广、杨长贵、周济等．基于STEP的集成化CAD／CAM支撑软件系统．计算机学报，1996．19(8)：561—566
[2] Z Kovacs,J-M Le Goff and R McClatchey, Support for product data from design to production, Computer Integrated Manufacturing Vol. 11 ,No.4,p.285-290,1998
[3] Eric Alsene. The Computer Integration of the Enterprise[J]. TREE Transaction Engineering Management, 1999, 46(1) :26-35
[4] R.H. Weston. Reconfigurable, component-based systems and the role of enterprise engineering concepts[J]. Computer In Industry, 1999, 40(2-3) :321-343
[5] M. Rezayat. The Enterprise-Web portal for life-cycle support[J]. Computer-Aided Design, 2000(32) : 85-96．
[6] STEP PDM Schema. PDM Implementtor Forum, 2000,4,21
[7] Hongyuan Xue, Ji Zhou,Yifang Zhong. Product Data Management System, International Conference On manufacturing Automation, 1997,4
[8] Liu Qinghua,Wan Li,Zhong Yifang. In Product Development Process Management, CADDM 2000,10
[9] Paul Grefen,Stefano Ceri,Gabriel Sanchez. Transaction and Rule Support for Workflow Management-A Retrospective on WIDE Architecture, CADDM 2000,10
[10] Distributed Applications for Visusal Basic6． 0． Microsoft Press
[11] Nagalingam, Sev V.; Lin, Grier C.I. .Latest developments in CIM , Robotics and Computer-Integrated Manufacturing, Volume: 15, Issue: 6, December, 1999, pp. 423-430
[12] Windows Distributed interNet Applications Architecture. Microsoft Corp. White Pape
[13] Vessell, Clive. Computer Integrated Manufacturing, and Small and Medium
Enterprises, Computers & Industrial Engineering, Volume: 37, Issue: 1-2, October, 1999, pp. 425-428
[14] Lee, Youngsoo; Lee, Gyubong; Cho, Youngjoon; Choi, Honzong. The Korea Advanced Manufacturing System (KAMS) Project, International Journal of Machine Tools and Manufacture, Volume: 39, Issue: 11, November, 1999, pp. 1807-1820)
[15] Ming, X.G.; Mak, K.L.; Yan, J.Q. A PDES/STEP-based information model for computer-aided process planning, Robotics and Computer-Integrated Manufacturing, Volume: 14, Issue: 5-6, October 12, 1998, pp. 347-361)
[16] Mehli-Qaissi, Jamila; Coulibaly, Amadou; Mutel, Bernard. Product Data Model for Production Management and Logistics, Computers & Industrial Engineering, Volume: 37, Issue: 1-2, October, 1999, pp. 27-30
[17] Sanchez, Ron. Strategic Product Creation: Managing New Interactions of Technology, Markets, and Organizations , European Management Journal, Volume: 14, Issue: 2, April, 1996, pp. 121-138
[18] Kovacs; Z; Le Goff, J-M; McClatchey, R. Support for product data from design to production, Computer Integrated Manufacturing Systems, Volume: 11, Issue: 4, October, 1998, pp. 285-290
[19] Erens, Freek; Verhulst, Karel . Architectures for product families, Computers in Industry, Volume: 33, Issue: 2-3, September, 1997, pp. 165-178
[20] Hardwick.M and Spooner . D , An information infrastructure for a virtual manufacturing enterprise, In Proceedings of concurrent Engineering: A Global Perspective . 1995, pp.417-429
[21] 万麟瑞，李绪蓉．系统集成方法学研究[J]．计算机学报，1999(10)：1025～1031
[22] 潘爱民．COM原理与应用[M]．清华大学出版社，1999．
[23] Mary Kirtland．基于组件的应用程序设计[M]．北京大学出版社，1999
[24] 童秉枢，李建明．产品数据管理(PDM)技术，清华大学出版社施普林格出版社，2000，7
[25] 高奇微，莫欣农．产品数据管理(PDM)及其实施，机械工业出版社，1998，12
[26] 张劲松，万立，张新访．面向设计过程的产品结构建模研究，机械与电子，2000，2
[27] 程涛，胡春华，吴波，杨叔子．分布式网络化制造系统构想，中国机械工程，1999，11
[28] 米智伟 方明伦 林财兴．Research on Integrated Framework of Agile PDM，中国机械工程，1999，11
[29] 程涛，胡春华，吴波，杨叔子．分布式网络化制造系统构想，中国机械工程，1999，11
[30] 张德运，苏东峰．通用Internet数据库访问模式的研究，西安交通大学学报，2000，4
[31] 梁正和，马朋举，李保明，卢秉恒．支持动态联盟的WWW网络环境的研究，中国机械工程，1999，8
[32] 张华，王志新．网上制造资源重组及协调工作，上海交通大学学报，1999，7
[33] 叶晓俊，王建民，孙家广．产品数据管理，计算机辅助工程，1998，12
[34] 康晶石，田华雨．国外先进技术发展战略与发展趋势，第五界中国计算机集成制造系统(CIMS)会议论文集，1998，8
[35] 朱文海，李文军等．基于PDM的某复杂构件并发设计，第五界中国计算机集成制造系统(CIMS)会议论文集，1998，8
[36] DCOM体系结构技术白皮书，Microsoft corporation
[37] 冯玉才．数据库系统基础，第二版，华中理工大学出版社，1993年
[38] 吴年宇，孟刚．基于PDM技术的制造业集成框架研究．清华大学学报(自然科学版)，1998，38(10)：73-76年
[39] 吴澄，李伯虎．从计算机集成制造到现代集成制造—兼谈中国CIMS的系统论的特点，第五届中国计算机集成制造系统(CIMS)学术会议CIMS—China98，1998年：1—8
[40] 郑子慈、李善平、董金祥．一个分布式产品数据管理系统的研究与开发．计算机研究与发展，1998．35(10)：921—924
[41] 郭阳、李思昆、杨强．CAD集成框架的一种新的工具封装方法．计算机研究与发展，1999．36(2)：204-208
[42] 陆薇、刘强、周琛等．基于组件的开放式CAD系统模型．软件学报，1998．9(9)：651—655
[43] 孙家广、杨长贵、周济等．基于STEP的集成化CAD／CAM支撑软件系统．计算机学报，1996．19(8)：561—566