大采深条件下采煤活动引起的覆岩移动变形及破坏规律研究
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摘要
近年来,随着我国经济的发展,基础设施建设项目实施加速,矿产资源被大量地开采,尤其是煤炭开采量更大,使我国众多矿区的浅层煤炭等矿产资源面临枯竭。而随着经济的进一步发展,对煤炭等矿产资源的需求与日俱增,采矿深度在不断增加。因此对大埋深采空区的研究具有理论和现实意义。随着计算机技术的进步使数值计算方法不断发展并广泛应用于科研和工程实践中,包括隧道开挖、矿业工程以及地下工程等。其突出的优点是能够代替昂贵耗时的试验,对所研究的问题进行数值模拟。
本课题以忻保高速公路保德煤矿采空区段为实验研究基地,运用相似材料模拟实验和数值模拟计算的方法,在其他采矿条件不变的情况下探讨了不同埋深、不同采厚情况下的地表变形规律、采空区裂隙带发育高度以及覆岩破坏发育规律等。取得如下主要成果:
1.根据相似材料模拟实验的结果,探讨了煤层开采后覆岩移动和地表变形规律,分析了采空区覆岩裂隙的垂向“三带”和水平“三区”裂隙分布特征,并对裂隙率进行了统计。
2.根据相似材料模拟实验的结果,探讨了覆岩裂隙带发育高度,开采过程中覆岩裂隙从下向上发育,开采结束后覆岩碎胀系数从下向上依次减小,覆岩三带的下沉系数从下向上依次减小。
3.根据数值计算的结果,探讨了不同埋深情况下地表的移动变形规律,随着采深的增加,地表移动盆地的范围逐渐增大,地表最大沉降量依次减小。在大采深条件下,地表移动盆地随着采深的继续增大而减小。地表沉降与采厚呈线性关系。
4.根据数值计算结果,综合考虑采深采厚的影响因素,引入采深采厚比,当采深采厚比达到300时,采煤活动对地表的影响很小,当采深采厚比达到400时,采煤活动对地表没有任何影响。
5.根据数值计算结果,开采结束后通过水平应力和岩层的抗拉强度的比较得到覆岩冒落裂隙带的发育高度,研究表明,在大采深条件下,随着采深的增加,覆岩裂隙带发育高度逐渐减小。
In recent years,with the development of our national economy,many infrastructions projects accelerating to put into practice,mineral resources had been mined heavly,especially colliery mined more extensively. many shallow coal mining mineral resources exhausted face. With the further development of the economy,more mineral resources are needed increasingly. The mining depth becomes more and more deep.Therefore the study of large embedded depth is of theoretical and practical significance. Along with the progress of computer technology numerical calculation method is continuously developed and widely used in scientific research and engineering practice,including tunneling excavating,mining engineering and underground engineering,etc. Its advantage is to replace expensive and time-consuming test,to study the problem by numerical simulation.
This topic is taking XinBao expressway in the coal mine goafs section as experiment's research base, adopting similar material simulation experiment and numerical simulation methods discussed the surface deformation、the goaf fracture zones development height and the development rule of overburden rock damage under the condition of different buried depth and different thickness when the circumstance of other mining conditions invariable, The main results are as follows:
1.According to the results of the experiment similar material simulation, discussed the overburden strata movement and ground surface deformation law after coal mining, analysed the overburden rock fracture goaf vertical and horizontal fracture distribution characteristics. and statisticed the fracture rate.
2.According to the results of the experiment similar material simulation, discussed the rock fracture zone height, mining process of overburden rock fracture upwards, mining development after the hulking coefficient of overburden rock from below, overburden strata in the output from upwards in order.
3.According to the numerical calculation results, this paper discusses the different circumstances in the surface deformation, with the movement of the increase of mining depth, the surface movement range of basin gradually increasing, the surface subsidence in maximum. In large mining depth, the surface movement under the condition of deep basin with mining to decreases. The surface subsidence by linear relationship with thick.
4.According to the numerical calculation results, the comprehensive consideration of the mining depth, by introducing the factors affecting the thickness of mining depth mining thick, when the ratio of depth mining and thickness mining more than 300 ,the effect of coal mining activities on the surface is very small, when the ratio of depth mining and thickness mining more than 400, no influence on surface activity.
5.According to the numerical calculation results, through the level of stress and tension strength of rock overburden rock fracture zones get height, research shows that the development of mining depth, under the condition of the increase of mining depth, with rock fracture zone, highly decrease gradually.
本课题以忻保高速公路保德煤矿采空区段为实验研究基地,运用相似材料模拟实验和数值模拟计算的方法,在其他采矿条件不变的情况下探讨了不同埋深、不同采厚情况下的地表变形规律、采空区裂隙带发育高度以及覆岩破坏发育规律等。取得如下主要成果:
1.根据相似材料模拟实验的结果,探讨了煤层开采后覆岩移动和地表变形规律,分析了采空区覆岩裂隙的垂向“三带”和水平“三区”裂隙分布特征,并对裂隙率进行了统计。
2.根据相似材料模拟实验的结果,探讨了覆岩裂隙带发育高度,开采过程中覆岩裂隙从下向上发育,开采结束后覆岩碎胀系数从下向上依次减小,覆岩三带的下沉系数从下向上依次减小。
3.根据数值计算的结果,探讨了不同埋深情况下地表的移动变形规律,随着采深的增加,地表移动盆地的范围逐渐增大,地表最大沉降量依次减小。在大采深条件下,地表移动盆地随着采深的继续增大而减小。地表沉降与采厚呈线性关系。
4.根据数值计算结果,综合考虑采深采厚的影响因素,引入采深采厚比,当采深采厚比达到300时,采煤活动对地表的影响很小,当采深采厚比达到400时,采煤活动对地表没有任何影响。
5.根据数值计算结果,开采结束后通过水平应力和岩层的抗拉强度的比较得到覆岩冒落裂隙带的发育高度,研究表明,在大采深条件下,随着采深的增加,覆岩裂隙带发育高度逐渐减小。
In recent years,with the development of our national economy,many infrastructions projects accelerating to put into practice,mineral resources had been mined heavly,especially colliery mined more extensively. many shallow coal mining mineral resources exhausted face. With the further development of the economy,more mineral resources are needed increasingly. The mining depth becomes more and more deep.Therefore the study of large embedded depth is of theoretical and practical significance. Along with the progress of computer technology numerical calculation method is continuously developed and widely used in scientific research and engineering practice,including tunneling excavating,mining engineering and underground engineering,etc. Its advantage is to replace expensive and time-consuming test,to study the problem by numerical simulation.
This topic is taking XinBao expressway in the coal mine goafs section as experiment's research base, adopting similar material simulation experiment and numerical simulation methods discussed the surface deformation、the goaf fracture zones development height and the development rule of overburden rock damage under the condition of different buried depth and different thickness when the circumstance of other mining conditions invariable, The main results are as follows:
1.According to the results of the experiment similar material simulation, discussed the overburden strata movement and ground surface deformation law after coal mining, analysed the overburden rock fracture goaf vertical and horizontal fracture distribution characteristics. and statisticed the fracture rate.
2.According to the results of the experiment similar material simulation, discussed the rock fracture zone height, mining process of overburden rock fracture upwards, mining development after the hulking coefficient of overburden rock from below, overburden strata in the output from upwards in order.
3.According to the numerical calculation results, this paper discusses the different circumstances in the surface deformation, with the movement of the increase of mining depth, the surface movement range of basin gradually increasing, the surface subsidence in maximum. In large mining depth, the surface movement under the condition of deep basin with mining to decreases. The surface subsidence by linear relationship with thick.
4.According to the numerical calculation results, the comprehensive consideration of the mining depth, by introducing the factors affecting the thickness of mining depth mining thick, when the ratio of depth mining and thickness mining more than 300 ,the effect of coal mining activities on the surface is very small, when the ratio of depth mining and thickness mining more than 400, no influence on surface activity.
5.According to the numerical calculation results, through the level of stress and tension strength of rock overburden rock fracture zones get height, research shows that the development of mining depth, under the condition of the increase of mining depth, with rock fracture zone, highly decrease gradually.
引文
[1]郭广礼,邓喀中,汪汉玉,黄振安,陈绍杰。采空区上方地基失稳机理和处理措施研究[J],矿山压力与顶板管理,2000,(3),39~41
[2]邓喀中,郭广礼,谭志祥.采动区建筑物地基、基础协同作用特性研究[J].煤炭学报,2001,26(6):601~605.
[3]郭广礼,缪协兴,张振南。老采空区破裂岩体变形性质研究[J],科学技术与工程,2002,2(5),44~46
[4]张永波老采空区建筑地基稳定性及其变形破坏规律研究[D].太原,太原理工大学,2005
[5] Sirivardane and Amanda. Displacement Based Approach for Prediction of Subsidence Cause by Long wall Mining Using Numerical Method, Proc. T h, INT, conf on computer. Method, 1991
[6] X. L. Yao and D. J. Reddish. Nonlinear Finite Element Analysis of Surface Subsidence Arsing From Indined Sean Entraction , INT. I. RODK , Mech. & Mining SCI. , 1993(4)
[7] Wood. Larnach Drum Constitutive Modeling and Finite Element Analysis of Ground Subsidence due to Mining, University of Oklahoma, 1990
[8]许家林,钱鸣高.覆岩采动裂隙分布特征的研究[J],矿山压力与顶板管理,1997.№3-4,210~212
[9]赵德深,煤矿区采动覆岩离层分布规律与地表沉陷控制研究[D]。阜新,辽宁工程技术大学,2000
[10]许家林,钱鸣高,金宏伟。岩层移动离层演化规律及其应用研究[J],岩土工程学报,2004,26(5),632~636。
[11]张永波,靳钟铭,刘秀英.采动岩体裂隙分形相关规律的试验研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2004,23(20):3426～3429
[12]张玉卓,煤矿地表沉陷的预测与控制—世纪之交的回顾与展望,煤炭学会第五届青年科技学术研讨会论文集,煤炭工业出版社,1998.11
[13]前苏联C.г.阿威尔辛著,煤矿地下开采的岩层移动,煤炭工业出版社,1959.12
[14]赴波兰考察团,波兰采空区地面建筑,科学技术文献出版社,1979
[15] [波]M.鲍莱茨基M.胡戴克著,于振海,刘天泉译,矿山岩体力学,煤炭工业出版社,1985.7
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[18] Klatesch,H,Mining Subsidence Engineering Springer Verlag,Berlin,1983.
[19] Brauner,Subsidence due to underground mining,BureauofMines,USA,1973
[20] C. J. F. P. Jones and W. J. Spencer. The Implication of Mining Subsidence for Modern Highway Structure , Large Greunel Movements and Structures Proceedings , University of Wales Cardiff , 1977: 515～256
[21] C. J. F. P. Jones and T. D. Rourke. Mining Subsidence Effects on Transportation Facilities, MIS. , 1988(7): 107～126
[22] Shand M. Sergeant. Highway Damage,Due 70 Subsidence , MIS. , 1988(2): 18～32
[23] M. C. Wang. Settlement Behavior of Footing Above a Void , PCGGE , New Orleans , 1982: 168～183
[24]刘宝深、廖国华,煤矿地表移动的基本规律,中国工业出版社,1965
[25]北京开采所,煤矿地表移动与覆岩破坏规律及其应用,煤炭工业出版社,1981
[26]何国清、马伟民、王金庄,威布尔型影响函数在地表移动的计算中的应用,中国矿业学院学报,1982.1
[27]周国拴、崔继等,建筑物下采煤,煤炭工业出版社,1983
[28]何万龙,山区地表移动规律及变形预计,山西矿业学院学报,1985.2
[29]白矛、刘天泉,条带法开采中条带尺寸的研究,煤炭学报,1983.1
[30]李增琪,使用富氏积分变换计算开挖引起的地表移动,煤炭学报,1983.2
[31]张玉卓、仲惟林等,岩层移动的错位理论解与边界元法计算,煤炭学报,1987.2
[32]张玉卓、仲惟林等,断层影响下地表移动的统计和数值模拟研究,煤炭学报,1987.1
[33]谢和平、陈至达,非线性大变形有限元分析及在岩层移动中应用,中国矿业大学学报,1988.2
[34]何满潮,中国矿业大学北京研究生部博士后研究报告,1994
[35]杨伦、于广明,采矿下沉的再认识,第七届国际矿测学术会议文集,1987
[36]刘文生,条带法开采采留宽度合理尺寸研究,阜新矿业学院硕士论文,1988
[37]杨硕等,水平移动曲面的力学预测法,煤炭学报,1995.2
[38]王泳嘉,离散元法及其在岩石力学中的应用,金属矿山,1992.3
[39]邓喀中,开采沉陷中的岩体结构效应研究,中国矿业大学博士学位论文,1993
[40]吴立新、王金庄等著,建(构)筑物下压煤条带开采理论与实践,中国矿业大学出版社,1994
[41]麻凤海,岩层移动的时空过程,东北大学博士学位论文,1996
[42]于广明,分形及损伤力学在开采沉陷中的应用研究,中国矿业大学北京研究生部博士学位论文,1997
[43]唐春安等,岩层移动过程的数值模拟新方法,阜新矿业学院学报,1997.3
[44]戴华阳,基于倾角变化的开采沉陷模型及其GIS可视化应用研究,中国矿业大学北京研究生部博士学位论文,2000
[45]郭增长,极不充分开采地表移动预计方法及建筑物深部压煤开采技术的研究,中国矿业大学北京研究生部博士学位论文,2000
[46]白矛、刘天泉,条带法开采中条带尺寸的研究,煤炭学报,1983.1
[47]李增琪,使用富氏积分变换计算开挖引起的地表移动,煤炭学报,1983.2.
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[51]颜荣贵.地基开采沉陷及其地表建筑北京冶金工业出版社1995,81~86.
[2]邓喀中,郭广礼,谭志祥.采动区建筑物地基、基础协同作用特性研究[J].煤炭学报,2001,26(6):601~605.
[3]郭广礼,缪协兴,张振南。老采空区破裂岩体变形性质研究[J],科学技术与工程,2002,2(5),44~46
[4]张永波老采空区建筑地基稳定性及其变形破坏规律研究[D].太原,太原理工大学,2005
[5] Sirivardane and Amanda. Displacement Based Approach for Prediction of Subsidence Cause by Long wall Mining Using Numerical Method, Proc. T h, INT, conf on computer. Method, 1991
[6] X. L. Yao and D. J. Reddish. Nonlinear Finite Element Analysis of Surface Subsidence Arsing From Indined Sean Entraction , INT. I. RODK , Mech. & Mining SCI. , 1993(4)
[7] Wood. Larnach Drum Constitutive Modeling and Finite Element Analysis of Ground Subsidence due to Mining, University of Oklahoma, 1990
[8]许家林,钱鸣高.覆岩采动裂隙分布特征的研究[J],矿山压力与顶板管理,1997.№3-4,210~212
[9]赵德深,煤矿区采动覆岩离层分布规律与地表沉陷控制研究[D]。阜新,辽宁工程技术大学,2000
[10]许家林,钱鸣高,金宏伟。岩层移动离层演化规律及其应用研究[J],岩土工程学报,2004,26(5),632~636。
[11]张永波,靳钟铭,刘秀英.采动岩体裂隙分形相关规律的试验研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2004,23(20):3426～3429
[12]张玉卓,煤矿地表沉陷的预测与控制—世纪之交的回顾与展望,煤炭学会第五届青年科技学术研讨会论文集,煤炭工业出版社,1998.11
[13]前苏联C.г.阿威尔辛著,煤矿地下开采的岩层移动,煤炭工业出版社,1959.12
[14]赴波兰考察团,波兰采空区地面建筑,科学技术文献出版社,1979
[15] [波]M.鲍莱茨基M.胡戴克著,于振海,刘天泉译,矿山岩体力学,煤炭工业出版社,1985.7
[16] Salamon,M.D.G,Elastic analysis of displacements and stresses induced by the mining of seam or roof deposis,J.S.Afr,Inst.Metall.1963,Vol.63
[17] M.D.G.沙拉蒙,地下工程的岩石力学,冶金工业出版社,1982
[18] Klatesch,H,Mining Subsidence Engineering Springer Verlag,Berlin,1983.
[19] Brauner,Subsidence due to underground mining,BureauofMines,USA,1973
[20] C. J. F. P. Jones and W. J. Spencer. The Implication of Mining Subsidence for Modern Highway Structure , Large Greunel Movements and Structures Proceedings , University of Wales Cardiff , 1977: 515～256
[21] C. J. F. P. Jones and T. D. Rourke. Mining Subsidence Effects on Transportation Facilities, MIS. , 1988(7): 107～126
[22] Shand M. Sergeant. Highway Damage,Due 70 Subsidence , MIS. , 1988(2): 18～32
[23] M. C. Wang. Settlement Behavior of Footing Above a Void , PCGGE , New Orleans , 1982: 168～183
[24]刘宝深、廖国华,煤矿地表移动的基本规律,中国工业出版社,1965
[25]北京开采所,煤矿地表移动与覆岩破坏规律及其应用,煤炭工业出版社,1981
[26]何国清、马伟民、王金庄,威布尔型影响函数在地表移动的计算中的应用,中国矿业学院学报,1982.1
[27]周国拴、崔继等,建筑物下采煤,煤炭工业出版社,1983
[28]何万龙,山区地表移动规律及变形预计,山西矿业学院学报,1985.2
[29]白矛、刘天泉,条带法开采中条带尺寸的研究,煤炭学报,1983.1
[30]李增琪,使用富氏积分变换计算开挖引起的地表移动,煤炭学报,1983.2
[31]张玉卓、仲惟林等,岩层移动的错位理论解与边界元法计算,煤炭学报,1987.2
[32]张玉卓、仲惟林等,断层影响下地表移动的统计和数值模拟研究,煤炭学报,1987.1
[33]谢和平、陈至达,非线性大变形有限元分析及在岩层移动中应用,中国矿业大学学报,1988.2
[34]何满潮,中国矿业大学北京研究生部博士后研究报告,1994
[35]杨伦、于广明,采矿下沉的再认识,第七届国际矿测学术会议文集,1987
[36]刘文生,条带法开采采留宽度合理尺寸研究,阜新矿业学院硕士论文,1988
[37]杨硕等,水平移动曲面的力学预测法,煤炭学报,1995.2
[38]王泳嘉,离散元法及其在岩石力学中的应用,金属矿山,1992.3
[39]邓喀中,开采沉陷中的岩体结构效应研究,中国矿业大学博士学位论文,1993
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