无线传感器网络若干关键技术研究
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摘要
无线传感器网络是以传感探测、无线通信和计算机应用等科学技术为依托而构筑的目标监视系统。战争中信息的及时获取和反映对整个战局的影响至关重要,利用无线传感器网络可以给指挥部门提供及时准确的信息,这对增强国家的国防军事力量是非常重要的。多功能化、微型化、智能化、网络化、无线化是传感器网的发展方向,随着低功耗无线电通信技术、嵌入式计算技术、微型传感器制造技术和集成电路技术的飞速发展和日益成熟,集成多项技术而形成的无线传感器网络将是传感器技术发展的一个必然趋势。尽管如此,这种网络还存在诸多问题,比如路由协议、能耗、通信安全、定位等。到目前为止,这项技术还处于研究探索阶段,因而对无线传感器网络的研究是很有价值的。
本文首先阐述了无线传感器网络的背景及国内外研究现状,无线传感器网络的基本概念,介绍了无线传感器网络体系、传感器节点组成和网络通讯协议层次结构,并对主要研究方向的热点和应用领域进行了讨论。随后,通过对无线传感器网络安全问题的分析,对无线传感器网络可能遭受的攻击进行了总结,并提出了具体的防御措施。针对节点能量局限性问题,讨论了无线传感器网络的功耗优化,给出了无线传感器网络节点的节能策略。接着,重点研究了无线传感器路由协议的特点和设计目标,对无线传感器网络中典型的协议进行了研究和比较,设计了一种新的传感器网络路径备份算法。最后,论述了无线传感器网络定位技术的研究现状与意义,着重研究了超声测距方法,结合应用背景要求,提出了基于球坐标系的“倒GPS”超声定位算法。
Wireless Sensor Networks is a new rising integration of sensor detecting, wireless communication, embedded process and some other scientific technology. In military, the rapid deployment, self-organization, and fault tolerance characteristics of sensor networks make them a very promising sensing technique for military command, control, communications, computing, intelligence, surveillance, reconnaissance, and targeting systems. Recent advances in wireless communications and electronics have enabled the development of low energy cost, multifunctional sensor nodes that are small in size and communicate in short distances. These sensor nodes represent a significant improvement over traditional sensors. Wireless Sensor Networks is the trending of sensor development. Nevertheless, there are still several problems, such as the ones caused by node mobility, constraint of energy capacitance and computing ability of nodes, completely distributed environment and etc. Up to now, this technology is still in the exploring period; therefore it's valuable to do research on it.
This article firstly introduces the Wireless Sensor Networks'the research background, definition, system architecture, framework layer and protocol stack. The open research hotspots and application field are also pointed out in this field. Subsequently, through the analysis of the issue of network security, wireless sensor networks may be subject to a summary of attacks, and the paper put forward specific measures. Because of energy limitations against nodes, the paper respectively analysis the energy consumption of wireless sensor network nodes and the network, and the optimization of the energy consumption is given in the wireless sensor network on the method. Then, the paper makes focus on the wireless sensor routing protocol, and the typical protocols in wireless sensor networks are studied and compared. On the basis of the researched model, a new path-protecting algorithm for sensor networks is designed. Finally, the paper makes focus on the ultrasonic distance measurement method combined with background requirements and makes researches into node localization solution of the use of inverse GPS ultrasonic distance measurement.
本文首先阐述了无线传感器网络的背景及国内外研究现状,无线传感器网络的基本概念,介绍了无线传感器网络体系、传感器节点组成和网络通讯协议层次结构,并对主要研究方向的热点和应用领域进行了讨论。随后,通过对无线传感器网络安全问题的分析,对无线传感器网络可能遭受的攻击进行了总结,并提出了具体的防御措施。针对节点能量局限性问题,讨论了无线传感器网络的功耗优化,给出了无线传感器网络节点的节能策略。接着,重点研究了无线传感器路由协议的特点和设计目标,对无线传感器网络中典型的协议进行了研究和比较,设计了一种新的传感器网络路径备份算法。最后,论述了无线传感器网络定位技术的研究现状与意义,着重研究了超声测距方法,结合应用背景要求,提出了基于球坐标系的“倒GPS”超声定位算法。
Wireless Sensor Networks is a new rising integration of sensor detecting, wireless communication, embedded process and some other scientific technology. In military, the rapid deployment, self-organization, and fault tolerance characteristics of sensor networks make them a very promising sensing technique for military command, control, communications, computing, intelligence, surveillance, reconnaissance, and targeting systems. Recent advances in wireless communications and electronics have enabled the development of low energy cost, multifunctional sensor nodes that are small in size and communicate in short distances. These sensor nodes represent a significant improvement over traditional sensors. Wireless Sensor Networks is the trending of sensor development. Nevertheless, there are still several problems, such as the ones caused by node mobility, constraint of energy capacitance and computing ability of nodes, completely distributed environment and etc. Up to now, this technology is still in the exploring period; therefore it's valuable to do research on it.
This article firstly introduces the Wireless Sensor Networks'the research background, definition, system architecture, framework layer and protocol stack. The open research hotspots and application field are also pointed out in this field. Subsequently, through the analysis of the issue of network security, wireless sensor networks may be subject to a summary of attacks, and the paper put forward specific measures. Because of energy limitations against nodes, the paper respectively analysis the energy consumption of wireless sensor network nodes and the network, and the optimization of the energy consumption is given in the wireless sensor network on the method. Then, the paper makes focus on the wireless sensor routing protocol, and the typical protocols in wireless sensor networks are studied and compared. On the basis of the researched model, a new path-protecting algorithm for sensor networks is designed. Finally, the paper makes focus on the ultrasonic distance measurement method combined with background requirements and makes researches into node localization solution of the use of inverse GPS ultrasonic distance measurement.
引文
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[16]崔吉,徐桂云等.无线传感器网络的概述,山东通信技术,第26卷第4期,2006,11：
28
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[22]Hartung C. Node compromise in sensor networks:the need for secure systems. Technical report CU-CS-988-07, University of Colorado at Boulder,2007
[23]KARLOF C, WAGNER D. Secure routing in Wireless Sensor Networks:Attacks and Countermeasures. Proceedings of 2006 IEEE International Workshop on Sensor Network Protocols and Applications, Anchorage, Alaska,2007
[24]John Paul Walters. Wireless sensor network security a survey [EB/OL]. http://wwwedit.cs.wayne.edu/2weisong/papers/walters052wsn2security2survey.pdf,2006-2-7.
[25]Newsome J. The sybil attack in sensor networks:analysis & defense. Proceedings of the third international symposium on information proceeding in sensor networks. ACMpress,2007.
[26]Fei Hu and et al. Secure wireless sensor networks problems and solutions[EB/OL].http://cs.uiowaedu/2kghoshda/rs/security/hu.pdf,2006
[27]胡向东,邹州等.无线传感器网络安全研究综述,仪器仪表学报,第27卷第6期增刊,2006,6：309
[28]Anderson R and Huhn M. Low cost attack on tamper resistant devices. IWSP:International workshop on security protocols,LNCS,2007
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