全热空气热交换器在医院净化空调系统中的应用研究
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摘要
医院空调系统的年一次能耗一般是办公建筑的1.6～2.0倍。空调能耗是建筑能耗的主要部分,约占医院总能耗的50%左右,最大可占到建筑总能耗的65%,因此,降低空调系统能耗是医院节能的主要任务。
就新风量而言,室内新风供应量越多,对人们的健康越有利。国内外许多实例表明,“病态建筑综合症”产生的一个重要原因就是新风供应量不足。目前室内新风供应量不足、换气次数不够是普遍现象。在已投入运营的众多大厦中,为节能或降低造价等原因,许多建筑的新风量达不到标准,这使室内产生有害气体和多种污染物,并且不能及时合理的稀释和置换。有害污染物的显著增加,使室内空气品质劣化。虽然空调领域已加大了对节能的重视,但是在新风处理过程中高效节能的热回收装置有待进一步的推广使用。医院的空调系统因其特殊性需常年运行,排风中能量回收有很大潜力,本课题结合全热交换器在某医院空调系统的应用开展了研究。
本课题提出了利用全热交换器回收医院排风中能量的方案。将排风集中收集后经过全热交换器与新风进行能量交换,减少夏季的冷负荷或冬季的预热负荷。
本课题还以中国医学科学院血液学研究所改造工程为例,采用经济分析的方法,研究了使用全热交换器的技术可行性和经济性合理性,综合以上理论设计方案和实际使用所得出的参数,考虑节能能力应取换热效率为35%计算更为符合实际情况。故可以得出一年可节省约2.2万元,4年内可回收建设时额外支出的成本,10年使用期可节省总成本约17万元。并通过实验测试了全热交换器的使用效果,根据使用单位多年累计统计的数据分析出实际使用时全热交换机的效率应取到35~45%。
针对目前医用净化空调系统的普及,各个地区大中型医院均正在或正准备投资建设净化手术室以及净化病房等净化设置用于改善医疗环境,而在这些净化系统的设计中都存在新风量大的设计要求(如剖腹产产房、高净化的制剂室、实验室等)。此类工程竣工投入生产工作后运行成本都比较巨大,其中60%以上都属于新风冷热预处理的能耗,加之现在国家越来越提倡节能减耗,故能合理的在工程中采用热回收技术将具有很深刻的工程经济效益和社会效益。
Hospital annual primary energy consumption of air conditioning system is usually 1.6~2.0 times more than that of traditional office building. As a main part of building energy consumption, air conditioning energy consumption accounts for about 50% of total energy consumption in a hospital, and sometimes can account for up to 65% of total energy consumption of a building. So, the main task of the hospital is to reduce the energy consumption in the air conditioning system.
As far as fresh air is concerned, the more fresh air supplied to indoor environment, the more favorable to people's health. A lot of national and international instances have shown that a major cause of Sick Building Syndrome is due to the insufficient supply of outdoor fresh air. It has been a common phenomenon that fresh air supply is insufficient and air exchange rate is below standard. In the numerous mansions already put into operation, to reduce investment cost or running cost, such as, for energy-conservation purpose, fresh air supply can not reach the standard, which causes some harmful gas and many kinds of pollutants cannot be diluted and replaced rationally in time. A remarkable increase of harmful pollutant makes indoor air quality become depredated. Though in air conditioning research area some progress has been made in energy-conserving, it is high time heat recovery devices of energy-efficiency were studied and used widely.
The air conditioning system of the hospital needs to run throughout the year because of its special character. And there is a great heat recovery potential of exhaust air stream. In this research, a total heat exchanger recovery system was designed and analyzed in a hospital application.
This research proposed a scheme to utilize the total heat exchangers to recover the waste energy from the exhaust air. The exhaust air was collected and passed through the total heat exchanger to exchange heat with outdoor fresh air, either cooling it in summer or heating it in winter to save extra energy.
In this research project, a renovation project of Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital was taken as an example, and an economic analysis method was adopted to study the economical and technical feasibility of total heat exchanger application in a hospital air conditioning system. Also a design plan was proposed based on theory calculation and field test results. Field test showed that thermal efficiency of some type total heat exchanger is about 35%. Considering the real condition, saving of renovation system is about 22,000 Yuan per year, and about 170,000 Yuan can be saved in life span. It will take about 4 years to recover the investment. While considering the real condition, According to many years of statistics data, the actual heat recovery efficiency can be safe 35~45% considering weather data and other parameters.
As air conditioning system and clean room technology become more and more popular in hospital, many regional large-and-middle-scale hospitals are or planning to invest in constructing clean rooms for operation rooms or wards, where there is a designing requirement of larger outdoor fresh air in the designs of these cleaning systems (delivery room of caesarean birth, preparation room, laboratory of high clean room level, etc). When such kind of project completes and puts into use, the operating costs are very high, and among them more than 60% is the energy consumption of the pretreatment of outdoor fresh air. So it is reasonable to adopt heat recovery technology in such projects will bring many economic benefits and social benefits.
就新风量而言,室内新风供应量越多,对人们的健康越有利。国内外许多实例表明,“病态建筑综合症”产生的一个重要原因就是新风供应量不足。目前室内新风供应量不足、换气次数不够是普遍现象。在已投入运营的众多大厦中,为节能或降低造价等原因,许多建筑的新风量达不到标准,这使室内产生有害气体和多种污染物,并且不能及时合理的稀释和置换。有害污染物的显著增加,使室内空气品质劣化。虽然空调领域已加大了对节能的重视,但是在新风处理过程中高效节能的热回收装置有待进一步的推广使用。医院的空调系统因其特殊性需常年运行,排风中能量回收有很大潜力,本课题结合全热交换器在某医院空调系统的应用开展了研究。
本课题提出了利用全热交换器回收医院排风中能量的方案。将排风集中收集后经过全热交换器与新风进行能量交换,减少夏季的冷负荷或冬季的预热负荷。
本课题还以中国医学科学院血液学研究所改造工程为例,采用经济分析的方法,研究了使用全热交换器的技术可行性和经济性合理性,综合以上理论设计方案和实际使用所得出的参数,考虑节能能力应取换热效率为35%计算更为符合实际情况。故可以得出一年可节省约2.2万元,4年内可回收建设时额外支出的成本,10年使用期可节省总成本约17万元。并通过实验测试了全热交换器的使用效果,根据使用单位多年累计统计的数据分析出实际使用时全热交换机的效率应取到35~45%。
针对目前医用净化空调系统的普及,各个地区大中型医院均正在或正准备投资建设净化手术室以及净化病房等净化设置用于改善医疗环境,而在这些净化系统的设计中都存在新风量大的设计要求(如剖腹产产房、高净化的制剂室、实验室等)。此类工程竣工投入生产工作后运行成本都比较巨大,其中60%以上都属于新风冷热预处理的能耗,加之现在国家越来越提倡节能减耗,故能合理的在工程中采用热回收技术将具有很深刻的工程经济效益和社会效益。
Hospital annual primary energy consumption of air conditioning system is usually 1.6~2.0 times more than that of traditional office building. As a main part of building energy consumption, air conditioning energy consumption accounts for about 50% of total energy consumption in a hospital, and sometimes can account for up to 65% of total energy consumption of a building. So, the main task of the hospital is to reduce the energy consumption in the air conditioning system.
As far as fresh air is concerned, the more fresh air supplied to indoor environment, the more favorable to people's health. A lot of national and international instances have shown that a major cause of Sick Building Syndrome is due to the insufficient supply of outdoor fresh air. It has been a common phenomenon that fresh air supply is insufficient and air exchange rate is below standard. In the numerous mansions already put into operation, to reduce investment cost or running cost, such as, for energy-conservation purpose, fresh air supply can not reach the standard, which causes some harmful gas and many kinds of pollutants cannot be diluted and replaced rationally in time. A remarkable increase of harmful pollutant makes indoor air quality become depredated. Though in air conditioning research area some progress has been made in energy-conserving, it is high time heat recovery devices of energy-efficiency were studied and used widely.
The air conditioning system of the hospital needs to run throughout the year because of its special character. And there is a great heat recovery potential of exhaust air stream. In this research, a total heat exchanger recovery system was designed and analyzed in a hospital application.
This research proposed a scheme to utilize the total heat exchangers to recover the waste energy from the exhaust air. The exhaust air was collected and passed through the total heat exchanger to exchange heat with outdoor fresh air, either cooling it in summer or heating it in winter to save extra energy.
In this research project, a renovation project of Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital was taken as an example, and an economic analysis method was adopted to study the economical and technical feasibility of total heat exchanger application in a hospital air conditioning system. Also a design plan was proposed based on theory calculation and field test results. Field test showed that thermal efficiency of some type total heat exchanger is about 35%. Considering the real condition, saving of renovation system is about 22,000 Yuan per year, and about 170,000 Yuan can be saved in life span. It will take about 4 years to recover the investment. While considering the real condition, According to many years of statistics data, the actual heat recovery efficiency can be safe 35~45% considering weather data and other parameters.
As air conditioning system and clean room technology become more and more popular in hospital, many regional large-and-middle-scale hospitals are or planning to invest in constructing clean rooms for operation rooms or wards, where there is a designing requirement of larger outdoor fresh air in the designs of these cleaning systems (delivery room of caesarean birth, preparation room, laboratory of high clean room level, etc). When such kind of project completes and puts into use, the operating costs are very high, and among them more than 60% is the energy consumption of the pretreatment of outdoor fresh air. So it is reasonable to adopt heat recovery technology in such projects will bring many economic benefits and social benefits.
引文
[1]江亿.中国建筑能耗现状及节能途径分析[J].新建筑, 2008, 2): 4-7.
[2]李仕国,王烨.中国建筑能耗现状及节能措施概述[J].环境科学与管理, 2008, 33(2): 6-9.
[3]王曙光,张运真.我国建筑能耗分析及空调节能的技术途径[J].低温与特气, 2008, 26(1): 9-12.
[4]江亿.我国建筑耗能状况及有效的节能途径[J].暖通空调, 2005, 35(5): 30-40.
[5]金新.医院中央空调节能降耗大有潜力[J].中国医院建筑与装备, 2005, 4): 40-2.
[6]王江标,涂光备,光俊杰等.医院空调系统的节能措施[J].煤气与热力, 2006, 26(3): 69-72.
[7]王重亮,周涛.某市医院空调系统的运行分析与改造[J].河北建筑工程学院学报, 2006, 24(1): 35-6.
[8]李炜.浅谈医院的空调净化及节能[J].山西建筑, 2007, 33(12): 195-6.
[9]刘璞.关于医院建筑节能的几点思考[J].中国医院建筑与装备, 2007, 8(11): 14-7.
[10]刘向龙.医院空调节能运行方案及其舒适性研究[J].制冷与空调(四川), 2007, 21(4): 85-9.
[11]张群仁.医院发展需注重节能[J].卫生经济研究, 2007, 11(11): 48-.
[12]韩文胜.医院暖通空调系统对比分析[J].中国医院建筑与装备, 2008, 9(4): 34-8.
[13]黄伟.大型医院建筑节能改造范例[J].建设科技(建设部), 2008, 3): 82-3.
[14]黎传新.综合性医院中央空调节能改造[J].建设科技(建设部), 2008, 3): 80-1.
[15]黎洪,蒋小强.医院洁净空调系统的节能设计[J].建筑节能, 2008, 36(5): 36-8.
[16]李志红,李永胜.某医学院附属医院洁净手术部空调设计[J].洁净与空调技术, 2008, 3): 56-7.
[17]林昌勤,林顺康,谢正宇.医院手术室净化机组节能改造[J].医疗装备, 2008, 21(4): 56-7.
[18]任腾飞,张志刚,张丽璐.医院类建筑能耗检测及节能分析[J].节能技术, 2008, 3): -.
[19]沈慰峰,陈岳天,张辉.医院室内热湿环境与空气品质监测分析系统及应用[J].能源研究与利用, 2008, 5): 51-2.
[20]王洁敏.浅谈能量提升机在医院节能设计中的应用[J].中国医院建筑与装备, 2008, 8): 22-7.
[21]张桂荣,李敏霞,郝长生.温湿度独立控制在医院建筑中的应用研究[J].建筑热能通风空调, 2008, 27(4): 37-8,77.
[22]张建波,孙克春,陈进军.重庆市医院类建筑能耗调研与分析[J].福建建设科技, 2008, 3): 17-8,20.
[23]周丽萍,刘志新,高建.上海某大型医院建筑能耗审计和节能措施的分析[J].工业建筑, 2008, 38(6): 9-11,101.
[24]国家质量监督检验检疫总局.室内空气质量标准[M].北京;中国标准出版社2003.
[25]丘相武.新风利用与热回收的动态分析与研究[D].北京;中国建筑科学研究院, 2001.
[26]李震,陈晓阳,江亿,刘晓华.一种利用溶液为媒介的全热交换方法及其装置:中国, CN1542356 [P/OL]. 2004-.
[27]刘晓华,李震,江亿.溶液全热回收装置与热泵系统结合的新风机组[J].暖通空调, 2004, 11):
[28]L.Z. ZHANG Y J. Heat and mass transfer in a membrane-based energy recovery ventilator [J]. Journal of Membrane Science, 1999, 163(1): 29-38.
[29]中华人民共和国国家质量监督检验检疫总局中.空气-空气能量回收装置[M].北京;中国标准出版社. 2007.
[30]INSTITUTE A-C A R. Performance Rating of Air-to-Air Heat Exchangers for Energy Recovery Ventilation Heat Equipment [M]. Arlington, VA. 2005.
[31]周晏平,吴静怡,王如竹.全热交换器在不同室内外参数下能量回收性能的比较分析[J].太阳能学报,2008,29(2):198-203.
[2]李仕国,王烨.中国建筑能耗现状及节能措施概述[J].环境科学与管理, 2008, 33(2): 6-9.
[3]王曙光,张运真.我国建筑能耗分析及空调节能的技术途径[J].低温与特气, 2008, 26(1): 9-12.
[4]江亿.我国建筑耗能状况及有效的节能途径[J].暖通空调, 2005, 35(5): 30-40.
[5]金新.医院中央空调节能降耗大有潜力[J].中国医院建筑与装备, 2005, 4): 40-2.
[6]王江标,涂光备,光俊杰等.医院空调系统的节能措施[J].煤气与热力, 2006, 26(3): 69-72.
[7]王重亮,周涛.某市医院空调系统的运行分析与改造[J].河北建筑工程学院学报, 2006, 24(1): 35-6.
[8]李炜.浅谈医院的空调净化及节能[J].山西建筑, 2007, 33(12): 195-6.
[9]刘璞.关于医院建筑节能的几点思考[J].中国医院建筑与装备, 2007, 8(11): 14-7.
[10]刘向龙.医院空调节能运行方案及其舒适性研究[J].制冷与空调(四川), 2007, 21(4): 85-9.
[11]张群仁.医院发展需注重节能[J].卫生经济研究, 2007, 11(11): 48-.
[12]韩文胜.医院暖通空调系统对比分析[J].中国医院建筑与装备, 2008, 9(4): 34-8.
[13]黄伟.大型医院建筑节能改造范例[J].建设科技(建设部), 2008, 3): 82-3.
[14]黎传新.综合性医院中央空调节能改造[J].建设科技(建设部), 2008, 3): 80-1.
[15]黎洪,蒋小强.医院洁净空调系统的节能设计[J].建筑节能, 2008, 36(5): 36-8.
[16]李志红,李永胜.某医学院附属医院洁净手术部空调设计[J].洁净与空调技术, 2008, 3): 56-7.
[17]林昌勤,林顺康,谢正宇.医院手术室净化机组节能改造[J].医疗装备, 2008, 21(4): 56-7.
[18]任腾飞,张志刚,张丽璐.医院类建筑能耗检测及节能分析[J].节能技术, 2008, 3): -.
[19]沈慰峰,陈岳天,张辉.医院室内热湿环境与空气品质监测分析系统及应用[J].能源研究与利用, 2008, 5): 51-2.
[20]王洁敏.浅谈能量提升机在医院节能设计中的应用[J].中国医院建筑与装备, 2008, 8): 22-7.
[21]张桂荣,李敏霞,郝长生.温湿度独立控制在医院建筑中的应用研究[J].建筑热能通风空调, 2008, 27(4): 37-8,77.
[22]张建波,孙克春,陈进军.重庆市医院类建筑能耗调研与分析[J].福建建设科技, 2008, 3): 17-8,20.
[23]周丽萍,刘志新,高建.上海某大型医院建筑能耗审计和节能措施的分析[J].工业建筑, 2008, 38(6): 9-11,101.
[24]国家质量监督检验检疫总局.室内空气质量标准[M].北京;中国标准出版社2003.
[25]丘相武.新风利用与热回收的动态分析与研究[D].北京;中国建筑科学研究院, 2001.
[26]李震,陈晓阳,江亿,刘晓华.一种利用溶液为媒介的全热交换方法及其装置:中国, CN1542356 [P/OL]. 2004-.
[27]刘晓华,李震,江亿.溶液全热回收装置与热泵系统结合的新风机组[J].暖通空调, 2004, 11):
[28]L.Z. ZHANG Y J. Heat and mass transfer in a membrane-based energy recovery ventilator [J]. Journal of Membrane Science, 1999, 163(1): 29-38.
[29]中华人民共和国国家质量监督检验检疫总局中.空气-空气能量回收装置[M].北京;中国标准出版社. 2007.
[30]INSTITUTE A-C A R. Performance Rating of Air-to-Air Heat Exchangers for Energy Recovery Ventilation Heat Equipment [M]. Arlington, VA. 2005.
[31]周晏平,吴静怡,王如竹.全热交换器在不同室内外参数下能量回收性能的比较分析[J].太阳能学报,2008,29(2):198-203.