中国产业集群的国家竞争优势研究
|
摘要
中国产业集群地出现比我们认知的要早，现在他们对于我国国际化发展进程的作用，已经到了我们无法在忽视他们的地步，越来越多的事实使我们认识到，产业集群性积聚的一些中小企业，能够通过积聚获得竞争优势，主营产品多以外贸出口为主，呈现出了很强的国家竞争优势。可以说，当前中国参与国际化的竞争，离不开产业集群的发展。但是目前我国对于这一领域的理论研究还很不够，不能对于地区性产业集群的发展起到很好的指导作用。作者能力十分有限，但希望通过自己的努力，能为我国产业集群的研究和发展贡献绵薄之力。
本文采取了理论和实践相结合的方法。首先对国际及国内的主流产业集群理论进行了分析和评价，其次研究了我国目前自发出现的一些产业集群的发展现状，然后结合一些理论和中国发展的实际，对于中国发展具有国家竞争优势的产业集群的理论进行了必要地补充，提出了相对适合中国的产业集群理论，最后，结合发达国家的成功经验，针对性地提出了产业集群战略和政策建议。
作者认为，解释我国产业集群的发展原因，除去一些主流理论所强调的规模经济，交易成本低等因素以外，结合中国的实际情况，应该需要说明或者说强调的还有外部特殊的经济环境的刺激作用；大量存在的廉价劳动力是一种自然禀赋；一些产业的历史传统有效降低了发展行业的成本；产业集群发展中，由于集群能够有效降低购买商的搜寻成本，这也刺激了产业集群的进一步发展。
本文第一章引言部分分析了文章的写作背景及经济意义，提出全球化竞争中产业集群的发展更加有利于中国国家竞争优势地获得。
第二章首先对于产业集群与国家竞争优势进行了定义，然后分国外与国内两个角度对产业集群的主流理论进行了分析和评价。
第三章针对我国目前已经出现的一些地方性产业集群的产业状况和政策状况，对于我国产业集群发展中的共同特点进行了分析。
第四章结合第二章目前的主流理论和第三章我国产业集群的实际发展状况，作者对于我国产业集群的理论进行了必要地补充。
第五章结合发达国家的成功经验，针对性地提出了产业集群战略和政策建议。
如前所述，由于作者能力有限，很多观点地提出也许有不当之出，希望读者能够不吝指正，多谢。
The arrival of Chinese enterprises cluster is earlier than the realization of it. At present, enterprises cluster play such an important role for the internalization of China that we can't ignore it anymore. More and more facts make us realize, through gathering, small and medium-sized enterprises can win competition advantage. Now most products of those enterprises are sold to international market and Chinese those business show very strong national competition advantage. It can be say that the development of enterprises cluster is necessary for China to involve the international competition. But our country's theoretical research to this field is so limited currently that our theory can't play good guidance function. My ability is limited. But I hope my research can contribute to the development of Chinese industrial cluster.
This dissertation used the method that the theory combines with practice. First of all, the article analyses and comments the international and domestic mainstream theory; Secondly, it study the current develop situation of Chinese industrial cluster. And then through combining the mainstream theory and realities of China, it gives necessary supplementing to the theory and proposes relatively suitable theory to Chinese industrial cluster. Finally, through studying the successful experience of developed country, it gives strategy and policy suggestion to develop Chinese industrial cluster.
I think that in order to well explain the reasons of the development of Chinese industrial cluster, besides some mainstream theories which mainly emphasis scale-economic, low trade cost and so on, combining realities of China, we also should have to consider the following four factors: A large amount of existed cheap labor is a kind of natural endowment; The historical tradition of some industries has reduced the cost which develops the trade effectively; Because Industry cluster can efficiently reduce the search cost of
buyer, this greatly stimulated the development of industry cluster.
Chapter one analyzed the writing background and economic meaning of the article. Propose that industrial cluster development is necessary for China to win national competition advantage in the globalization.
Chapter two at first defines the industrial cluster and national competition advantage. And then analyses and comment the international and domestic mainstream theory in this area.
Chapter three studies the development of Chinese industrial cluster and the policy situation. Then gives the common characteristics of Chinese industrial cluster
Chapter four through combining the mainstream theory and realities of China, it gives necessary supplementing to the theory and propose relatively suitable theories to Chinese industrial cluster.
Chapter five through studying the successful experience of developed country, it gives strategy and policy suggestion to develop Chinese industrial cluster.
As we have already said, because my limited ability, there maybe some problem in my article. I hope readers can point out without hesitation. Thanks in advance.
Van JianChao (International Trade) Directed by Professor Liang ShenGang
本文采取了理论和实践相结合的方法。首先对国际及国内的主流产业集群理论进行了分析和评价，其次研究了我国目前自发出现的一些产业集群的发展现状，然后结合一些理论和中国发展的实际，对于中国发展具有国家竞争优势的产业集群的理论进行了必要地补充，提出了相对适合中国的产业集群理论，最后，结合发达国家的成功经验，针对性地提出了产业集群战略和政策建议。
作者认为，解释我国产业集群的发展原因，除去一些主流理论所强调的规模经济，交易成本低等因素以外，结合中国的实际情况，应该需要说明或者说强调的还有外部特殊的经济环境的刺激作用；大量存在的廉价劳动力是一种自然禀赋；一些产业的历史传统有效降低了发展行业的成本；产业集群发展中，由于集群能够有效降低购买商的搜寻成本，这也刺激了产业集群的进一步发展。
本文第一章引言部分分析了文章的写作背景及经济意义，提出全球化竞争中产业集群的发展更加有利于中国国家竞争优势地获得。
第二章首先对于产业集群与国家竞争优势进行了定义，然后分国外与国内两个角度对产业集群的主流理论进行了分析和评价。
第三章针对我国目前已经出现的一些地方性产业集群的产业状况和政策状况，对于我国产业集群发展中的共同特点进行了分析。
第四章结合第二章目前的主流理论和第三章我国产业集群的实际发展状况，作者对于我国产业集群的理论进行了必要地补充。
第五章结合发达国家的成功经验，针对性地提出了产业集群战略和政策建议。
如前所述，由于作者能力有限，很多观点地提出也许有不当之出，希望读者能够不吝指正，多谢。
The arrival of Chinese enterprises cluster is earlier than the realization of it. At present, enterprises cluster play such an important role for the internalization of China that we can't ignore it anymore. More and more facts make us realize, through gathering, small and medium-sized enterprises can win competition advantage. Now most products of those enterprises are sold to international market and Chinese those business show very strong national competition advantage. It can be say that the development of enterprises cluster is necessary for China to involve the international competition. But our country's theoretical research to this field is so limited currently that our theory can't play good guidance function. My ability is limited. But I hope my research can contribute to the development of Chinese industrial cluster.
This dissertation used the method that the theory combines with practice. First of all, the article analyses and comments the international and domestic mainstream theory; Secondly, it study the current develop situation of Chinese industrial cluster. And then through combining the mainstream theory and realities of China, it gives necessary supplementing to the theory and proposes relatively suitable theory to Chinese industrial cluster. Finally, through studying the successful experience of developed country, it gives strategy and policy suggestion to develop Chinese industrial cluster.
I think that in order to well explain the reasons of the development of Chinese industrial cluster, besides some mainstream theories which mainly emphasis scale-economic, low trade cost and so on, combining realities of China, we also should have to consider the following four factors: A large amount of existed cheap labor is a kind of natural endowment; The historical tradition of some industries has reduced the cost which develops the trade effectively; Because Industry cluster can efficiently reduce the search cost of
buyer, this greatly stimulated the development of industry cluster.
Chapter one analyzed the writing background and economic meaning of the article. Propose that industrial cluster development is necessary for China to win national competition advantage in the globalization.
Chapter two at first defines the industrial cluster and national competition advantage. And then analyses and comment the international and domestic mainstream theory in this area.
Chapter three studies the development of Chinese industrial cluster and the policy situation. Then gives the common characteristics of Chinese industrial cluster
Chapter four through combining the mainstream theory and realities of China, it gives necessary supplementing to the theory and propose relatively suitable theories to Chinese industrial cluster.
Chapter five through studying the successful experience of developed country, it gives strategy and policy suggestion to develop Chinese industrial cluster.
As we have already said, because my limited ability, there maybe some problem in my article. I hope readers can point out without hesitation. Thanks in advance.
Van JianChao (International Trade) Directed by Professor Liang ShenGang
引文
1．胡刚．产业集群理论中的产业组织学内涵与制度文化基础．中国经济问题．2002．6
2．魏后凯．中国制造业集中与市场结构分析．管理世界．2002．4
3．国家计委课题组．中国大型企业集团发展及其结构特征分析．经济研究参考．2002
4．王辑慈等著．创新的空间—企业集群与区域发展．北京大学出版社．2001
5．张其仔著．新经济社会学．中国社会科学出版社．2001年出版
6．彭武元等著．中小企业发展的产业组织理论视角．华中科技大学学报(社科版)．2002
7．刘友金．关于集群创新优势的研究极其启示．经济学动态．2003．2
8．刘友金．黄鲁成产业群集的区域创新优势与我国高新区的发展．中国工业经济．2001．2
9．刘友金．论集群式创新的组织模式．中国软科学．2002．2
10．刘友金．集群式创新与外部规模经济．求索．2002．6
11．刘友金．集群中企业协同竞争创新行为博弈分析．系统工程．2002．6
12．刘友金．中小企业集群式创新．中国经济出版社．2003
13．王辑慈，童昕．简论我国地方企业集群的研究意义．经济地理．2001．5
14．魏守华．企业集群中的公共政策问题研究．当代经济科学．2001．6
15．蔡宁，吴结兵．企业集群的竞争优势：资源的结构性整合．中国工业经济．2002．7
16．方勇，张二震．长江三角洲地区外商直接投资与地区经济发展．中国工业经济．2002．5
17．杨建梅，冯广森．东莞台资IT企业机群产业结构剖析．中国工业经济．2002．8
18．林民书．中小企业的空间聚集及其区域政策的构造．中国经济问题．2003．1
19．查志强．长江三角洲台资IT产业集群研究．国际贸易问题．2003．3
20．买忆媛 聂鸣．集群效应与企业创新．财贸研究．2002．6．
21．保罗．克鲁格曼等著．国际经济学．中国人民大学出版社．1996
22. M. E. Porter. The Competitive Advantage of Nations. 华夏出版社. 1998
23. R. Capello(1999). "Spatial transfer of knowledge in high technology milieu: learning versus collective learning process". Regional Studies. 33(4)
24. C. de Bresson(1999). "An entrepreneur cannot innovate alone; Networks of enterprises are required". Presentato Alla DRUID Conference on Systems of Innovation, Denmark
25. C. Edquist (1997). "Institutions and organizations is systems of innovation: te state of the art". working paper, Linkoping University, Sweden
26. Hart & Simmie(1997). "Innovation, competition and the structure of local production networks" Local economy. Nov
27. M.E. Porter (1998). "Clusters and the economics of competition". Harvard Business Review. Nov-Dec
28. Jammes M. Bachnana. An Economic Theory of Clubs. Economics. 1965.2(32)
29. Sven Hemlin. Creative Knowledge Environments in the Innovtion System. MPP Working Paper. 2002.7
30. Magnus Holmen and Staffan Jacobsson. A Method for Identifying Actors in a Knowledge Based Cluster. Danish Research Unit for Industrual Dynamics Working Paper. 1998.11
31. Hoen, A.R. An International Comparison of National Clusters. CPB—Report. 200(1)
32. Catherine Beatudry and Stefano Breshoci. Does Clustering Really Help
Firms' Innovation Activities. Http://www. cespri.uni-boccuni.it. 2000.7
33. Love, J.H. and Roper, S. Location and Network Effects on Innovation Success: Evidence for UK, German and Irish Manufacturing Plants. Research Plicy. 2001.30.1
34. Baptista, R. Geographical Clusters and Innovation Diffusion. Technological Forecastion and Social Change. 2001.66(1)
2．魏后凯．中国制造业集中与市场结构分析．管理世界．2002．4
3．国家计委课题组．中国大型企业集团发展及其结构特征分析．经济研究参考．2002
4．王辑慈等著．创新的空间—企业集群与区域发展．北京大学出版社．2001
5．张其仔著．新经济社会学．中国社会科学出版社．2001年出版
6．彭武元等著．中小企业发展的产业组织理论视角．华中科技大学学报(社科版)．2002
7．刘友金．关于集群创新优势的研究极其启示．经济学动态．2003．2
8．刘友金．黄鲁成产业群集的区域创新优势与我国高新区的发展．中国工业经济．2001．2
9．刘友金．论集群式创新的组织模式．中国软科学．2002．2
10．刘友金．集群式创新与外部规模经济．求索．2002．6
11．刘友金．集群中企业协同竞争创新行为博弈分析．系统工程．2002．6
12．刘友金．中小企业集群式创新．中国经济出版社．2003
13．王辑慈，童昕．简论我国地方企业集群的研究意义．经济地理．2001．5
14．魏守华．企业集群中的公共政策问题研究．当代经济科学．2001．6
15．蔡宁，吴结兵．企业集群的竞争优势：资源的结构性整合．中国工业经济．2002．7
16．方勇，张二震．长江三角洲地区外商直接投资与地区经济发展．中国工业经济．2002．5
17．杨建梅，冯广森．东莞台资IT企业机群产业结构剖析．中国工业经济．2002．8
18．林民书．中小企业的空间聚集及其区域政策的构造．中国经济问题．2003．1
19．查志强．长江三角洲台资IT产业集群研究．国际贸易问题．2003．3
20．买忆媛 聂鸣．集群效应与企业创新．财贸研究．2002．6．
21．保罗．克鲁格曼等著．国际经济学．中国人民大学出版社．1996
22. M. E. Porter. The Competitive Advantage of Nations. 华夏出版社. 1998
23. R. Capello(1999). "Spatial transfer of knowledge in high technology milieu: learning versus collective learning process". Regional Studies. 33(4)
24. C. de Bresson(1999). "An entrepreneur cannot innovate alone; Networks of enterprises are required". Presentato Alla DRUID Conference on Systems of Innovation, Denmark
25. C. Edquist (1997). "Institutions and organizations is systems of innovation: te state of the art". working paper, Linkoping University, Sweden
26. Hart & Simmie(1997). "Innovation, competition and the structure of local production networks" Local economy. Nov
27. M.E. Porter (1998). "Clusters and the economics of competition". Harvard Business Review. Nov-Dec
28. Jammes M. Bachnana. An Economic Theory of Clubs. Economics. 1965.2(32)
29. Sven Hemlin. Creative Knowledge Environments in the Innovtion System. MPP Working Paper. 2002.7
30. Magnus Holmen and Staffan Jacobsson. A Method for Identifying Actors in a Knowledge Based Cluster. Danish Research Unit for Industrual Dynamics Working Paper. 1998.11
31. Hoen, A.R. An International Comparison of National Clusters. CPB—Report. 200(1)
32. Catherine Beatudry and Stefano Breshoci. Does Clustering Really Help
Firms' Innovation Activities. Http://www. cespri.uni-boccuni.it. 2000.7
33. Love, J.H. and Roper, S. Location and Network Effects on Innovation Success: Evidence for UK, German and Irish Manufacturing Plants. Research Plicy. 2001.30.1
34. Baptista, R. Geographical Clusters and Innovation Diffusion. Technological Forecastion and Social Change. 2001.66(1)