商务英语阅读策略和词汇策略相关性研究
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摘要
本文以二语习得专家Oxford，O'MaUcy & Chamot，和Schmitt等人的研究为理论基础，以河南南阳理工学院和大连海事大学大三大四共142名学生为调查研究对象，旨在探究高校英语专业高年级学生在商务英语阅读过程中运用的词汇学习策略。本文采用定性和定量分析相结合的方法，通过调查问卷和SPSS 11．5对受试者的阅读和词汇策略的具体使用情况进行统计分析。研究结果表明，学生使用的阅读策略其频率从高到低依次为认知策略、记忆情感策略、补偿元认知策略和社会策略。最常使用的词汇策略是记忆策略和良好学习渠道策略，其次是在阅读中学习新词汇和解决问题的策略。同时回归测试表明学生运用的词汇学习策略与其阅读理解是成正相关的关系。此外，本研究发现学生对商务英语词汇持积极的学习态度。作者对词汇学习策略在商务英语阅读教学中的应用提出了可行性建议。
Based on the theories of linguistic scholars, such as Oxford, O'Malley & Chamot, and Schmitt, etc. on vocabulary learning and reading strategies in the field of second language acquisition, this thesis aims to investigate vocabulary learning strategies employed by 142 English majors in their Business English reading of Nanyang Institute of Technology located in Henan province and Dalian Maritime University.
In this research, two questionnaires are carried out to collect data which were analyzed quantitatively and qualitatively through SPSS 11.5. Results indicate that the frequencies of reading strategies used by participants are as follows: cognitive strategies first, followed by memory and affective strategies, compensation and metacognitive strategies, and social strategies last. Meanwhile, among vocabulary learning strategies, memorization strategies, good learning channels and resource strategies rank top, followed by new words in reading strategies and problem-solving strategies.
Furthermore, correlation analysis reveals that there is a positive relationship between vocabulary learning and reading strategies. Besides, it is found that students hold positive attitudes towards Business English vocabulary learning. In the end the writer proposes some pedagogical suggestions for Business English reading and vocabulary learning.
Based on the theories of linguistic scholars, such as Oxford, O'Malley & Chamot, and Schmitt, etc. on vocabulary learning and reading strategies in the field of second language acquisition, this thesis aims to investigate vocabulary learning strategies employed by 142 English majors in their Business English reading of Nanyang Institute of Technology located in Henan province and Dalian Maritime University.
In this research, two questionnaires are carried out to collect data which were analyzed quantitatively and qualitatively through SPSS 11.5. Results indicate that the frequencies of reading strategies used by participants are as follows: cognitive strategies first, followed by memory and affective strategies, compensation and metacognitive strategies, and social strategies last. Meanwhile, among vocabulary learning strategies, memorization strategies, good learning channels and resource strategies rank top, followed by new words in reading strategies and problem-solving strategies.
Furthermore, correlation analysis reveals that there is a positive relationship between vocabulary learning and reading strategies. Besides, it is found that students hold positive attitudes towards Business English vocabulary learning. In the end the writer proposes some pedagogical suggestions for Business English reading and vocabulary learning.
引文
Anderson，J．(1980)．Cognitive Psychology and its Implications．San Francisco：Freeman．(2~(nd)ed．1985)．
Anderson，J．(1983)．The Architecture of Cognition．Cambridge，Mass：Harvard University Press．
Carroll，EL．，Devine，J．& Eskey，D．E．(1989)．Interactive Approaches to Second Language Reading．Cambridge：Cambridge University Press．
Chamot，A．(1987)．The learning strategies of ESL students．In Wenden and Rubin(eds．)1987．Learning Strategies in Language Learning．New York：Prentice Hall International．
Cohen，A．(1990)．Language Learning：Insights for Learners，Teachers,andResearchers．New York：Newbury House／Harper Row．
Cohen，A．(1998)．Strategies in Learning and Using a Second Language．New York：Addison Wesley Longman Ltd．
Cohen，A．and Aphek，E．(1981)．Easifying second language learning．Studies in Second Language Acquisition 3，221-36．
Craik，F．and Lockhart，R．(1972)．Levels of processing：a framework for memory research．Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behavior 11，671-84．
Derry，S．J．& Murphy,D．A．(1986)．Designing systems that train learning ability：From theory to practice．Review of Educational Research，56，1-39．
Devine，J．(1988)．Acase study of two readers：models of reading and reading performance．In Smith，F．(1971)．Understanding reading：a psycholinguistic analysis of reading and learning to read．New York：Holt，Reinhart & Wmston．
Dubin，Fraida，Eskey,David，E．& Grabe，William．(eds．)(1986)．Teaching second language reading for academic purposes．Addison-Wesley．
Ellis，R．(1997)．The Study of Second Language Acquisition，Shanghai：Shanghai Foreign Language EducationPros．
Ellis，R．(2000)．Understanding Second Language Acquisition，Shanghai：Shanghai Foreign Language Education Pros．
Ellis，M．& Johnson，C．(2002)．Teaching Business English，Shanghai：Shanghai Foreign Language Education Press．
Goodman，K．S．& Goodman，Y．M．(1982)．A Whole-Language Comprehension-Centered View of Reading Development．In L．Reed & S．Ward(Eds．)，Basic Skills Issues and Choices：Approaches to Basic Skills Instruction．St．Louis：CEMREL．
Katherine Mafia，(1990)．Reading Comprehension Instruction，Issues and Strategies．Parkton，MD：York Press．
Liu Ying．(2005)．Effect of Learning Strategy on Vocabulary Acquisition by EFL College Students in China，published Master thesis of Beijing Language and Culture University．
Mayer，R．E．(1988)．Learning strategies：An overview．In C．E．Weinstein，E．T．Goetz & P．A．Alexander(EdS．)，Learning and study strategies：Issues in assessment，instruction，and evaluation(pp．11-22)．New York：Academic Press．
McCormick，K．(1994)．Three models of reading．In McCormick，K．，The culture of reading and the teaching of English(pp．13-67)．Manchester & New York：Manchester University Press．
Nagy，W．E．，P．A．．Herman & R．C．Anderson．(1985)．Learning words from context．Reading Research Quarterly，20，233-253．
Nation，I．S．P．(1990)．Teaching and Learning Vocabulary，New York：Newbury House Publishers．
Naiman，N．，M．Fr6hlich，H．Stern，and A．Todesco．(1978)．The Good Language Learner．Research in Education Series No 7．Toronto：The Ontado Institute for Studies in Education．
O’Malley，J．and A．Chamot．1990．Learning Strategies in Second Language Acquisition．Cambridge：Cambridge University Press．
O’Malley，J．，A．Chamot，G Stewner-Manzanaraes，L．Kupper，and R．Russo．(1985a)．Learning strategies used by beginning and intermediate ESL students．Language Learning 35．21-46．
O’Malley，J．，A．Chamot，G．Stewner-Manzanaraes，R．Russo，and L．Kupper．(1985b)．Learning strategy applications with students of English as a second language．TESOL Quarterly 19，285-96．
O’Malley，J．，Chamot，A．，and Walker，C．(1987)．Some applications of cognitive theory to second language acquisition．Studies in Second Language Acquisition 9，287-306．
Oxford，R．(1985)．A new taxonomy of second language learning strategies．Washington D．C．：ERIC Clearinghouse on Languages and Linguistics．
Oxford，R．(1986)．Development of the strategy inventory for language learning．Manuscript．Washington D．C．：Center for Applied Linguistics．
Oxford，R．(1989)．Use of language learning strategies：a synthesis of studies with implications for teacher training．System 17，235-47．
Oxford，R．(1990)．Language Learning Strategies：What Every Teacher Should Know．Rowley，Mass．：Newburry House．
Perfetti，C．A．(1985)．Reading Ability．New York：Oxford University Press．
Phakiti，A．(2003)．A Closer Look at Gender and Strategy Use in L2 Reading．Language Learning，53．649-702．
Rubin，J．(1975)．What the“good language learner”can teach us．TESOL Quarterly 9，41-51．
Rubin，，J．(1981)．Study of cognitive progresses in second language learning．Applid Linguistics,11，117-31．
Rubin，J．(1987)．Learner strategies：theoretical assumptions，research history and typology．In Wenden and Rubin(eds．)(1987)．Learning Strategies in Language Learning．New York：Prentice Hall International
Schmcck，R．R．(1988)．Strategies and styles of learning：An integration of varied perspectives．In R．R．Schmeck(Ed．)，Learning strategies and teaming styles(pp．317-347)．New York：Plenum Press．
Schmitt，N．，et al(Ed．)，(1997)．Vocabulary：Description．Acquisition and Pedagogy．Cambridge：Cambridge University Press．
Seliger，H．(1984)．Processing universals in second language acquisition in Eckman et al．(eds．)1984
Skehan，P．(1989)．Individual differences in second-language learning．Lecture in Education，Institute of Education，Universtiy of London．：London：Edward Arnold．
Skehan，P．(1991)．Individual differences in second language learning．Studies in Second Language Acquisition 13，257-98．
Stem，H．(1983)．Fundamental Concepts of Language Teaching．Oxford：Oxford University Press．
Stem，H．H．(1980)．What Can we learn from the good language learner?In Kenneth Croft．(Eds．)．Readings on：English as a Second Language for Teachers and Teacher Trainees，Cambridge，Massachusetts：Winthrop Publisher，Inc．
Tarone，E．(1980)．Communication strategies，foreign talk，and repair in interlanguage．Language Learning，30，417-31．
Tian，Wenyan．(2005)．A Comparative Study of Business English Majors’General English and Business English Vocabulary Learning Strategies，CELEA Journal(Bimonthly)，28，101-109．
Wade，S．E，Tmthen，W．& Schraw，G(1990)．An analysis of spontaneous study strategies．Reading Research Quarterly，25，147-166．
Weaver，P．A．& Resnick，L．B．(1979)．Theory and Practice in Early Reading．NJ：Erlbaum．
Weinstein，C．and Mayer，R．(1986)．The teaching of leaming strategies．In Wittroek(ed．)1986．
Wen，Qiufang．(2001)．Applied linguistics：Research Methods and Thesis Writing．Beijing：Foreign Languages Teaching Research Press．
Wen，Qiufang & Wang Lifei．(2004a)．SLA Research Methods Over 35 Years：Looking Back and Ahead．Journal of Foreign Languages,152，18-25．
Wenden，A．(1985)．Learner Strategies．TESOL，19．
Wenden，A．(1991)．Learner Strategies for Learner Autonomy．New York：Prentice Hall．
Wong-Fillmore，L．(1976)．The second time around：cognitive and social strategies in second language acquisition．Unpublished PhD thesis，Stanford University．
Wong-Fillmore，L．(1979)．Individual differences in second language acquisition．In Fillmore et al．(eds．) 979．
Yao，Xinming，& Pan Pan．(2004)．The Development in the Study of English Reading Theory．Foreign Language Education，25，72-74．
Zhou，Shijie．(2004)．Statistics in Language Researches．Dalian：Dalian Maritime University Press．
高一虹等，(1999)，中、西应用语言学研究方法发展趋势，外语教学与研究，第2期。
韩宝成，(2000)，外语教学科研中的科研方法，北京：外语教学与研究出版社。
李邵山，(1999)，语言研究中的统计学，西安：西安交通大学出版社。
刘润清，(1999)，外语教学中科研方法，北京：外语教学与研究出版社。
秦晓晴，(2003)，外语教学研究中的定量数据分析，武汉：华中科技大学。
文秋芳，王立非，(2003)，英语学习策略实证研究，西安：陕西师大出版社。
文秋芳，王立非，(2004b)，英语学习策略理论研究．西安：陕西师大出版社。
严辰松，(2000)，定量型社会科学研究方法，西安：西安交通大学出版社。
周晓蓉、刘永兵，(1999)，学习策略与阅读的关系，中国大学英语教学论丛，北京：外语教学与研究出版社。
Anderson，J．(1983)．The Architecture of Cognition．Cambridge，Mass：Harvard University Press．
Carroll，EL．，Devine，J．& Eskey，D．E．(1989)．Interactive Approaches to Second Language Reading．Cambridge：Cambridge University Press．
Chamot，A．(1987)．The learning strategies of ESL students．In Wenden and Rubin(eds．)1987．Learning Strategies in Language Learning．New York：Prentice Hall International．
Cohen，A．(1990)．Language Learning：Insights for Learners，Teachers,andResearchers．New York：Newbury House／Harper Row．
Cohen，A．(1998)．Strategies in Learning and Using a Second Language．New York：Addison Wesley Longman Ltd．
Cohen，A．and Aphek，E．(1981)．Easifying second language learning．Studies in Second Language Acquisition 3，221-36．
Craik，F．and Lockhart，R．(1972)．Levels of processing：a framework for memory research．Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behavior 11，671-84．
Derry，S．J．& Murphy,D．A．(1986)．Designing systems that train learning ability：From theory to practice．Review of Educational Research，56，1-39．
Devine，J．(1988)．Acase study of two readers：models of reading and reading performance．In Smith，F．(1971)．Understanding reading：a psycholinguistic analysis of reading and learning to read．New York：Holt，Reinhart & Wmston．
Dubin，Fraida，Eskey,David，E．& Grabe，William．(eds．)(1986)．Teaching second language reading for academic purposes．Addison-Wesley．
Ellis，R．(1997)．The Study of Second Language Acquisition，Shanghai：Shanghai Foreign Language EducationPros．
Ellis，R．(2000)．Understanding Second Language Acquisition，Shanghai：Shanghai Foreign Language Education Pros．
Ellis，M．& Johnson，C．(2002)．Teaching Business English，Shanghai：Shanghai Foreign Language Education Press．
Goodman，K．S．& Goodman，Y．M．(1982)．A Whole-Language Comprehension-Centered View of Reading Development．In L．Reed & S．Ward(Eds．)，Basic Skills Issues and Choices：Approaches to Basic Skills Instruction．St．Louis：CEMREL．
Katherine Mafia，(1990)．Reading Comprehension Instruction，Issues and Strategies．Parkton，MD：York Press．
Liu Ying．(2005)．Effect of Learning Strategy on Vocabulary Acquisition by EFL College Students in China，published Master thesis of Beijing Language and Culture University．
Mayer，R．E．(1988)．Learning strategies：An overview．In C．E．Weinstein，E．T．Goetz & P．A．Alexander(EdS．)，Learning and study strategies：Issues in assessment，instruction，and evaluation(pp．11-22)．New York：Academic Press．
McCormick，K．(1994)．Three models of reading．In McCormick，K．，The culture of reading and the teaching of English(pp．13-67)．Manchester & New York：Manchester University Press．
Nagy，W．E．，P．A．．Herman & R．C．Anderson．(1985)．Learning words from context．Reading Research Quarterly，20，233-253．
Nation，I．S．P．(1990)．Teaching and Learning Vocabulary，New York：Newbury House Publishers．
Naiman，N．，M．Fr6hlich，H．Stern，and A．Todesco．(1978)．The Good Language Learner．Research in Education Series No 7．Toronto：The Ontado Institute for Studies in Education．
O’Malley，J．and A．Chamot．1990．Learning Strategies in Second Language Acquisition．Cambridge：Cambridge University Press．
O’Malley，J．，A．Chamot，G Stewner-Manzanaraes，L．Kupper，and R．Russo．(1985a)．Learning strategies used by beginning and intermediate ESL students．Language Learning 35．21-46．
O’Malley，J．，A．Chamot，G．Stewner-Manzanaraes，R．Russo，and L．Kupper．(1985b)．Learning strategy applications with students of English as a second language．TESOL Quarterly 19，285-96．
O’Malley，J．，Chamot，A．，and Walker，C．(1987)．Some applications of cognitive theory to second language acquisition．Studies in Second Language Acquisition 9，287-306．
Oxford，R．(1985)．A new taxonomy of second language learning strategies．Washington D．C．：ERIC Clearinghouse on Languages and Linguistics．
Oxford，R．(1986)．Development of the strategy inventory for language learning．Manuscript．Washington D．C．：Center for Applied Linguistics．
Oxford，R．(1989)．Use of language learning strategies：a synthesis of studies with implications for teacher training．System 17，235-47．
Oxford，R．(1990)．Language Learning Strategies：What Every Teacher Should Know．Rowley，Mass．：Newburry House．
Perfetti，C．A．(1985)．Reading Ability．New York：Oxford University Press．
Phakiti，A．(2003)．A Closer Look at Gender and Strategy Use in L2 Reading．Language Learning，53．649-702．
Rubin，J．(1975)．What the“good language learner”can teach us．TESOL Quarterly 9，41-51．
Rubin，，J．(1981)．Study of cognitive progresses in second language learning．Applid Linguistics,11，117-31．
Rubin，J．(1987)．Learner strategies：theoretical assumptions，research history and typology．In Wenden and Rubin(eds．)(1987)．Learning Strategies in Language Learning．New York：Prentice Hall International
Schmcck，R．R．(1988)．Strategies and styles of learning：An integration of varied perspectives．In R．R．Schmeck(Ed．)，Learning strategies and teaming styles(pp．317-347)．New York：Plenum Press．
Schmitt，N．，et al(Ed．)，(1997)．Vocabulary：Description．Acquisition and Pedagogy．Cambridge：Cambridge University Press．
Seliger，H．(1984)．Processing universals in second language acquisition in Eckman et al．(eds．)1984
Skehan，P．(1989)．Individual differences in second-language learning．Lecture in Education，Institute of Education，Universtiy of London．：London：Edward Arnold．
Skehan，P．(1991)．Individual differences in second language learning．Studies in Second Language Acquisition 13，257-98．
Stem，H．(1983)．Fundamental Concepts of Language Teaching．Oxford：Oxford University Press．
Stem，H．H．(1980)．What Can we learn from the good language learner?In Kenneth Croft．(Eds．)．Readings on：English as a Second Language for Teachers and Teacher Trainees，Cambridge，Massachusetts：Winthrop Publisher，Inc．
Tarone，E．(1980)．Communication strategies，foreign talk，and repair in interlanguage．Language Learning，30，417-31．
Tian，Wenyan．(2005)．A Comparative Study of Business English Majors’General English and Business English Vocabulary Learning Strategies，CELEA Journal(Bimonthly)，28，101-109．
Wade，S．E，Tmthen，W．& Schraw，G(1990)．An analysis of spontaneous study strategies．Reading Research Quarterly，25，147-166．
Weaver，P．A．& Resnick，L．B．(1979)．Theory and Practice in Early Reading．NJ：Erlbaum．
Weinstein，C．and Mayer，R．(1986)．The teaching of leaming strategies．In Wittroek(ed．)1986．
Wen，Qiufang．(2001)．Applied linguistics：Research Methods and Thesis Writing．Beijing：Foreign Languages Teaching Research Press．
Wen，Qiufang & Wang Lifei．(2004a)．SLA Research Methods Over 35 Years：Looking Back and Ahead．Journal of Foreign Languages,152，18-25．
Wenden，A．(1985)．Learner Strategies．TESOL，19．
Wenden，A．(1991)．Learner Strategies for Learner Autonomy．New York：Prentice Hall．
Wong-Fillmore，L．(1976)．The second time around：cognitive and social strategies in second language acquisition．Unpublished PhD thesis，Stanford University．
Wong-Fillmore，L．(1979)．Individual differences in second language acquisition．In Fillmore et al．(eds．) 979．
Yao，Xinming，& Pan Pan．(2004)．The Development in the Study of English Reading Theory．Foreign Language Education，25，72-74．
Zhou，Shijie．(2004)．Statistics in Language Researches．Dalian：Dalian Maritime University Press．
高一虹等，(1999)，中、西应用语言学研究方法发展趋势，外语教学与研究，第2期。
韩宝成，(2000)，外语教学科研中的科研方法，北京：外语教学与研究出版社。
李邵山，(1999)，语言研究中的统计学，西安：西安交通大学出版社。
刘润清，(1999)，外语教学中科研方法，北京：外语教学与研究出版社。
秦晓晴，(2003)，外语教学研究中的定量数据分析，武汉：华中科技大学。
文秋芳，王立非，(2003)，英语学习策略实证研究，西安：陕西师大出版社。
文秋芳，王立非，(2004b)，英语学习策略理论研究．西安：陕西师大出版社。
严辰松，(2000)，定量型社会科学研究方法，西安：西安交通大学出版社。
周晓蓉、刘永兵，(1999)，学习策略与阅读的关系，中国大学英语教学论丛，北京：外语教学与研究出版社。