基于Web Services的NH集团电子采购系统研究与实现
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摘要
采购是企业的一个重要职能,通常企业要用总收入的一半左右来购买产品和服务。对采购流程的控制和对供应商的选择成了一个企业能否成功的重要因素。随着人们对电子商务认识的不断深化,买家即采购方开始积极介入,他们通过招投标、反向拍卖等形式追求采购成本的降低与优化。
B2B电子采购,降低了采购交易成本,提高了采购效率。早期基于XML或EDI的采购管理信息系统对采购电子化起到了重要的促进作用。但是基于EDI或XML的系统不能对实时、动态的电子采购进行支持。且实施EDI的费用很高,只有大公司才能负担起高费用的EDI。随着互联网的普及和信息技术的发展,Web Services技术可以实现应用程序的跨平台集成,使信息可以实时地在相关应用程序之间实现共享。
本文研究了各种采购模式,讨论了电子化采购的基本概念和一般框架,作为电子化采购理论研究的基础。在研究电子采购理论和应用的基础上,对B2B电子采购进行了深入的分析,并结合NH集团实施电子采购的实例,分析了电子采购系统的设计目标,阐述了电子采购系统应具备的功能模块,提出了基于Web Services的电子采购系统设计方案,并实现了NH集团电子采购原型系统。在论文最后,总结了本论文的研究成果并给出了结论。同时,也提出了今后进一步需要开展的工作。
An important function of enterprise is procurement. Usually, the enterprise needs to spend at least half of its revenues to purchases of goods and services. So the control of procurement flows and the selection of supplies are central factors to the success of the enterprise.
With the great mass favor of B2B ecommerce was begun again, e-procurement became an effectual purchase mode. Along with the understanding to electronic commerce deeply, the buyer starts to involve positively, through e-tending and e-reverse auction to reduce transaction cost and optimize the procurement. The B2B e-procurement reduced the purchase transaction cost, raised the purchase efficiency. Information technology has played an important role in e-procurement. But, the XML-based or EDI-based information system can't support the real time and dynamic requirement of e-procurement. However, the expense of implementing EDI-base information system is very high, only the big company can bear the high expense. Along with Internet's popularization and information technology's development, the Web Services technology may realize integration of the application procedure crossing platform, enables the information to be sharing in real-time between the related application procedures.
In this paper, we study each kind of procurement pattern, discuses the basic concept of e-procurement and proposed the general frame of e-procurement which was took as the foundation of the research. On studying the theory and application of the e-procurement, the paper analyze the B2B e-procurement system deeply, and describe the goal of analysis and design of system, the function model of system with the example of NH e-procurement system, Then, we present the present a Web Services-based e-procurement system as the solution of e-procurement in NH Group, present a prototype e-procurement systems of NH Group. At last, we illustrate how Web Services-based e-procurement system works on. Finally, the paper summarizes the research, also puts forward the need for further work.
B2B电子采购,降低了采购交易成本,提高了采购效率。早期基于XML或EDI的采购管理信息系统对采购电子化起到了重要的促进作用。但是基于EDI或XML的系统不能对实时、动态的电子采购进行支持。且实施EDI的费用很高,只有大公司才能负担起高费用的EDI。随着互联网的普及和信息技术的发展,Web Services技术可以实现应用程序的跨平台集成,使信息可以实时地在相关应用程序之间实现共享。
本文研究了各种采购模式,讨论了电子化采购的基本概念和一般框架,作为电子化采购理论研究的基础。在研究电子采购理论和应用的基础上,对B2B电子采购进行了深入的分析,并结合NH集团实施电子采购的实例,分析了电子采购系统的设计目标,阐述了电子采购系统应具备的功能模块,提出了基于Web Services的电子采购系统设计方案,并实现了NH集团电子采购原型系统。在论文最后,总结了本论文的研究成果并给出了结论。同时,也提出了今后进一步需要开展的工作。
An important function of enterprise is procurement. Usually, the enterprise needs to spend at least half of its revenues to purchases of goods and services. So the control of procurement flows and the selection of supplies are central factors to the success of the enterprise.
With the great mass favor of B2B ecommerce was begun again, e-procurement became an effectual purchase mode. Along with the understanding to electronic commerce deeply, the buyer starts to involve positively, through e-tending and e-reverse auction to reduce transaction cost and optimize the procurement. The B2B e-procurement reduced the purchase transaction cost, raised the purchase efficiency. Information technology has played an important role in e-procurement. But, the XML-based or EDI-based information system can't support the real time and dynamic requirement of e-procurement. However, the expense of implementing EDI-base information system is very high, only the big company can bear the high expense. Along with Internet's popularization and information technology's development, the Web Services technology may realize integration of the application procedure crossing platform, enables the information to be sharing in real-time between the related application procedures.
In this paper, we study each kind of procurement pattern, discuses the basic concept of e-procurement and proposed the general frame of e-procurement which was took as the foundation of the research. On studying the theory and application of the e-procurement, the paper analyze the B2B e-procurement system deeply, and describe the goal of analysis and design of system, the function model of system with the example of NH e-procurement system, Then, we present the present a Web Services-based e-procurement system as the solution of e-procurement in NH Group, present a prototype e-procurement systems of NH Group. At last, we illustrate how Web Services-based e-procurement system works on. Finally, the paper summarizes the research, also puts forward the need for further work.
引文
1乔彦伟.Web Services的电子采购支持系统的研究.合肥工业大学硕士学位论文.2005
2秦学京.信息化采购是现代企业采购的必然方向.中国市场.2007,28:114-115
3常广庶.基于电子市场的电子采购策略研究.西北工业大学博士学位论文.2006:9-13
4 Zilber, S., Nascimento, E., Tavares, J.C. The impact of e-procurement on the role of corporative purchasers. Proceedings of the 15th International Conference on Management of technology, Beijing, China, 2006
5 Presutti Jr., W.D. supply management and e-procurement: creating value added in the supply chain. Industrial Marketing Management. 2003, 32(2): 219-226
6 Davila, A., Gupta, M., Palmer, R. Moving procurement systems to the Internet: The adoption and use of e-procurement technology models. European Management Journal. 2003, 21(1):11-23.
7 Boer, L., Harink, J., Heijboer, G. A conceptual model for assessing the impact of electronic procurement. European Journal of Purchasing & Supply Management. 2002,32(2):25-33
8 Aberdeen Group. Making e-sourcing strategic: from tactical technology to core business strategy. Technical Report, Aberdeen Group Inc.. 2002
9 Stanley Oliver, Kiran Maringanti. Application of Web Services in the Context of E-Procurement: SME Foci. E-Procurement in Emerging Economies: Theory and Cases. 2007:265-305
10 Eanas Alsaffar, Lily Sun1 and Mohamed Magdy Kabeil. A Design of e-Procurement Infrastructure Model for Public Service Sector. 2009
11 Mina, H., Galle, W.P. E-purchasing: profiles of adopters and non-adopters. Industrial Marketing Management. 2003, 32(3): 227-233
12 Elliot Bendoly and Tobias Schoenherr. ERP system and implementation process benefits Implications for B2B e-procurement. International Journal of Operations & Production Management. 2005, 25:3-4
13 Peter Trkman and Kevin McCormack. Estimating the Benefits and Risks of Implementing Procurement. 2008
14 Marston, L., Baisch, L. The overdue promise of e-procurement. Health Management Technology. 2001, 22(11):32-35
15 Golicic, S.L., et al. The impact of e-commerce on supply chain relationships. International Journal of Physical Distribution & Logistics Management. 2002, 32(10): 851-871
16 Boyson, S., Corsi, T., Verbraeck, A. The e-supply chain portal: a core business model. Transportation Research Part E. 2003, 39(2): 175-192.
17 Grieger, M. Information integration in supply chain management: Utilizing Internet business models. Working paper, Copenhagen Business School, Denmark. 2000
18 Stefansson, G. Business-to-business data sharing: A source for integration of supply chains. International Journal of Production Economics. 2002, 75: 135-146
19李菁菁.国家投资建设项目网上招投标研究-专家管理系统和IT采纳.电子科技大学博士学位论文.2009:5-6,25
20丁志刚,Tobias Schoeerr.论B2B反向拍卖采购模式的选择.科技管理研究.2005,5:154-156
21 Alan Smart, Alan Harrison. Reverse auctions as a support mechanism in flexible supply chain. International journal of logistics: research an application. 2002,5:3
22陈美玲.基于多属性反向拍卖模式电子采购的应用研究.浙江工商大学硕士学位论文.2006
23 Ching Hua etal. Better, faster, cheaper: an experimental analysis of a multi-attribute reverse auction mechanism with restricted information feed-back. Management science. 2005,51(12)
24武刚.电子采购中反向拍卖的应用及其发展趋势.商业时代.2007,32:70
25马振光.浅析竞价采购.铁路采购与物流.2006,1:46-47
26马金平,侯光明.在线反向拍卖研究综述.商业时代.2006,25:85-86
27邓志雄.反拍卖采购技术.企业管理.2003,458-59
28李怀德.多维拍卖在电子采购中应用研究.同济大学硕士学位论文.2008:1
29武刚.面向大宗采购的电子招投标与电子反向拍卖比较分析.现代管理学.2009,1:88
30翟廉种.CMS集团公司集中采购管理问题研究.西北大学工商管理硕士学位论文.2009:9
31纪正广,刘晓华.中小机械制造企业联合采购模式探讨.供应链管理.第31卷第25期,2009:66
32陈积敏.中小企业联合采购的体系研究.南京林业大学硕士学位论文.2006:12-13
33严泽兵.浅谈框架协议采购方式的运用.科技与法制.2008,5:133-134
34高峰.电子商务在中国移动采购中的应用.北京邮电大学工商管理硕士学位论文.2007:22-23
35史文崇.从电子采购平台看我国电子采购业的发展.中国市场.2008:28:142
36曲高峰.基于B2B模式下的福士公司电子采购研究.山东大学硕士学位论文.2009:25-28
37郭应葳.基于化工行业的门户型B2B电子采购平台的设计.重庆大学工商管理硕士学位论文.2006:15-18
38张淑云.我国中小企业电子采购模式战略研究.天津大学硕士学位论文.2008:24-28
39徐晓雨,朱道立.基于互联网的电子采购模式研究.物流与电子商务.2001,5:25-27
40张悦.电子化采购及宝钢电子化采购方案设计的研究.东北大学硕士学位论文.2005:13-16
41王满红,陈荣华.SOA概念、技术与设计.机械工业出版社.2007
42 Parichat Pasatcha, Komrhon Sunat. a distributed e-education system based on the service oriented architecture. Proceedings of International Conference on Web Services. 2008:791-794
43 Octavio Martín-Díaz, Antonio Ruiz-Cortés,Rafael Corchuelo,Miguel Toro. A Framework for Classifying and Comparing Web Services Procurement Platforms.Proceedings of the Fourth International Conference on Web Information Systems Engineering Workshops. 2004:156-164
44 Giner Alor-Hernandez, Ana Ma.Chavez-Trejo, Gustavo Pelaez-Camarena, Juan Miguel Gomez. A framework for Web Services procurement. Proceedings of 2006 3rd International Conference on Electrical and Electronics Engineering. 2006:1-4
45陈希章.在Windows 2003中安装UDDI服务器及其使用.2009,5 http://www.cnblogs.com/chenxizhang/archive/2009/05/23/1487426.htm
46 88ip宽带e联.Win2003 + IIS6.0构架Web Server示例.2006,1 http://www.88ip.cn/info/list.asp?unid=34
47张海燕.基于Web和Agent的招投标系统的设计.计算机与数字工程.2006,8:169-172
48王坤雅.网络招投标系统的设计与实现.西南交通大学硕士论文.2004
49李澄.基于XML技术的网上在线招投标系统的设计与开发.上海海运学院硕士学位论文.2000
50 Lai Sau Chan, Dickson K.W. Chiu. E-Tendering with Web Services: A Case Study on the Tendering Process of Building Construction. Proceedings of IEEE International Conference on Services Computing.2007:582-588
51张晓康.企业网上招投标系统的实施应用.机械管理开发.2007,8:134-135
52康婧,王要武.基于Agent的招投标系统的研究.哈尔滨商业大学学报(自然科学版).2007,6: 359-366
53沈国善,汪勇.基于Agents的自动招投标系统模型的设计.计算机与数字工程.2008,1:55-58
54 David C Parkes, Jayant Kalagnanam.Model for iterative multi2attribute procurement auctions J. Of Management Sci2ence, 2005, 51(3)
55丁志刚,孙元欣.在线反向拍卖在企业采购中的应用.华东经济管理.2004,10:71-73
56 Dian Pradhana Sugijarto, Norleyza Jailani, Muriati Mukhtar, Yazrina Yahya, Zuraidah Abdullah, Salha Abdullah. A Framework for the Development of a Multi-Attributes Reverse Auction for B2B e-Marketplace. Proceedings of International Symposium on Information Technology.2008:1-7
57李怀德.多维拍卖在电子采购中的应用研究.同济大学硕士学位论文.2008
58 Nick Gehrke, Matthias Schumann. Constructing Electronic Marketplaces using Peer-to-Peer Technology.Proceedings of the 36th Annual Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences.2003:1-10
59 Ying-Hong Wang, Wen-Nan Wang, Chen-A Wang, and An-Cheng Cheng. An Agent Based e-marketplace over e-business. Proceedings of the First International Symposium on Cyber Worlds.2002:1-8
60 Thomas Tran and Robin Cohen. Improving User Satisfaction in Agent-Based Electronic Marketplaces by Reputation Modeling and Adjustable Product Quality. Proceedings of the Third International Joint Conference on Autonomous Agents and Multiagent Systems.2005:1-8
61 JingzhiGuo, IokHamLam, IeongLei, XinGuan, PeiHinIongandMengChaoIeong.Alibaba International: Building a Global Electronic Marketplace. Proceedings of IEEE International Conference on e-Business Engineering.2006:545-548
62 Alisdair McDiarmid, James Irvine. Securing the Digital Marketplace. Proceedings of IEEE International Conference on Vehicular Technology .2005:779-783
63 Alisdair McDiarmid, James Irvine. Digital Marketplace Security Requirements. Proceedings of IEEE International Conference on Vehicular Technology .2005:2895-2899
64 Pushpa Kumar, Kang Zhang. Social Network Analysis of Online Marketplaces. Proceedings of IEEE International Conference on e-Business Engineering .2007:363-367
65 Jiannong Cao, Tony Fong, Heng Li, Xuerong Wang. E-Union: Concept and Framework of Open B2 B e-Trading Marketplaces. Proceedings of the International Parallel and Distributed Processing Symposium .2002:218-225
2秦学京.信息化采购是现代企业采购的必然方向.中国市场.2007,28:114-115
3常广庶.基于电子市场的电子采购策略研究.西北工业大学博士学位论文.2006:9-13
4 Zilber, S., Nascimento, E., Tavares, J.C. The impact of e-procurement on the role of corporative purchasers. Proceedings of the 15th International Conference on Management of technology, Beijing, China, 2006
5 Presutti Jr., W.D. supply management and e-procurement: creating value added in the supply chain. Industrial Marketing Management. 2003, 32(2): 219-226
6 Davila, A., Gupta, M., Palmer, R. Moving procurement systems to the Internet: The adoption and use of e-procurement technology models. European Management Journal. 2003, 21(1):11-23.
7 Boer, L., Harink, J., Heijboer, G. A conceptual model for assessing the impact of electronic procurement. European Journal of Purchasing & Supply Management. 2002,32(2):25-33
8 Aberdeen Group. Making e-sourcing strategic: from tactical technology to core business strategy. Technical Report, Aberdeen Group Inc.. 2002
9 Stanley Oliver, Kiran Maringanti. Application of Web Services in the Context of E-Procurement: SME Foci. E-Procurement in Emerging Economies: Theory and Cases. 2007:265-305
10 Eanas Alsaffar, Lily Sun1 and Mohamed Magdy Kabeil. A Design of e-Procurement Infrastructure Model for Public Service Sector. 2009
11 Mina, H., Galle, W.P. E-purchasing: profiles of adopters and non-adopters. Industrial Marketing Management. 2003, 32(3): 227-233
12 Elliot Bendoly and Tobias Schoenherr. ERP system and implementation process benefits Implications for B2B e-procurement. International Journal of Operations & Production Management. 2005, 25:3-4
13 Peter Trkman and Kevin McCormack. Estimating the Benefits and Risks of Implementing Procurement. 2008
14 Marston, L., Baisch, L. The overdue promise of e-procurement. Health Management Technology. 2001, 22(11):32-35
15 Golicic, S.L., et al. The impact of e-commerce on supply chain relationships. International Journal of Physical Distribution & Logistics Management. 2002, 32(10): 851-871
16 Boyson, S., Corsi, T., Verbraeck, A. The e-supply chain portal: a core business model. Transportation Research Part E. 2003, 39(2): 175-192.
17 Grieger, M. Information integration in supply chain management: Utilizing Internet business models. Working paper, Copenhagen Business School, Denmark. 2000
18 Stefansson, G. Business-to-business data sharing: A source for integration of supply chains. International Journal of Production Economics. 2002, 75: 135-146
19李菁菁.国家投资建设项目网上招投标研究-专家管理系统和IT采纳.电子科技大学博士学位论文.2009:5-6,25
20丁志刚,Tobias Schoeerr.论B2B反向拍卖采购模式的选择.科技管理研究.2005,5:154-156
21 Alan Smart, Alan Harrison. Reverse auctions as a support mechanism in flexible supply chain. International journal of logistics: research an application. 2002,5:3
22陈美玲.基于多属性反向拍卖模式电子采购的应用研究.浙江工商大学硕士学位论文.2006
23 Ching Hua etal. Better, faster, cheaper: an experimental analysis of a multi-attribute reverse auction mechanism with restricted information feed-back. Management science. 2005,51(12)
24武刚.电子采购中反向拍卖的应用及其发展趋势.商业时代.2007,32:70
25马振光.浅析竞价采购.铁路采购与物流.2006,1:46-47
26马金平,侯光明.在线反向拍卖研究综述.商业时代.2006,25:85-86
27邓志雄.反拍卖采购技术.企业管理.2003,458-59
28李怀德.多维拍卖在电子采购中应用研究.同济大学硕士学位论文.2008:1
29武刚.面向大宗采购的电子招投标与电子反向拍卖比较分析.现代管理学.2009,1:88
30翟廉种.CMS集团公司集中采购管理问题研究.西北大学工商管理硕士学位论文.2009:9
31纪正广,刘晓华.中小机械制造企业联合采购模式探讨.供应链管理.第31卷第25期,2009:66
32陈积敏.中小企业联合采购的体系研究.南京林业大学硕士学位论文.2006:12-13
33严泽兵.浅谈框架协议采购方式的运用.科技与法制.2008,5:133-134
34高峰.电子商务在中国移动采购中的应用.北京邮电大学工商管理硕士学位论文.2007:22-23
35史文崇.从电子采购平台看我国电子采购业的发展.中国市场.2008:28:142
36曲高峰.基于B2B模式下的福士公司电子采购研究.山东大学硕士学位论文.2009:25-28
37郭应葳.基于化工行业的门户型B2B电子采购平台的设计.重庆大学工商管理硕士学位论文.2006:15-18
38张淑云.我国中小企业电子采购模式战略研究.天津大学硕士学位论文.2008:24-28
39徐晓雨,朱道立.基于互联网的电子采购模式研究.物流与电子商务.2001,5:25-27
40张悦.电子化采购及宝钢电子化采购方案设计的研究.东北大学硕士学位论文.2005:13-16
41王满红,陈荣华.SOA概念、技术与设计.机械工业出版社.2007
42 Parichat Pasatcha, Komrhon Sunat. a distributed e-education system based on the service oriented architecture. Proceedings of International Conference on Web Services. 2008:791-794
43 Octavio Martín-Díaz, Antonio Ruiz-Cortés,Rafael Corchuelo,Miguel Toro. A Framework for Classifying and Comparing Web Services Procurement Platforms.Proceedings of the Fourth International Conference on Web Information Systems Engineering Workshops. 2004:156-164
44 Giner Alor-Hernandez, Ana Ma.Chavez-Trejo, Gustavo Pelaez-Camarena, Juan Miguel Gomez. A framework for Web Services procurement. Proceedings of 2006 3rd International Conference on Electrical and Electronics Engineering. 2006:1-4
45陈希章.在Windows 2003中安装UDDI服务器及其使用.2009,5 http://www.cnblogs.com/chenxizhang/archive/2009/05/23/1487426.htm
46 88ip宽带e联.Win2003 + IIS6.0构架Web Server示例.2006,1 http://www.88ip.cn/info/list.asp?unid=34
47张海燕.基于Web和Agent的招投标系统的设计.计算机与数字工程.2006,8:169-172
48王坤雅.网络招投标系统的设计与实现.西南交通大学硕士论文.2004
49李澄.基于XML技术的网上在线招投标系统的设计与开发.上海海运学院硕士学位论文.2000
50 Lai Sau Chan, Dickson K.W. Chiu. E-Tendering with Web Services: A Case Study on the Tendering Process of Building Construction. Proceedings of IEEE International Conference on Services Computing.2007:582-588
51张晓康.企业网上招投标系统的实施应用.机械管理开发.2007,8:134-135
52康婧,王要武.基于Agent的招投标系统的研究.哈尔滨商业大学学报(自然科学版).2007,6: 359-366
53沈国善,汪勇.基于Agents的自动招投标系统模型的设计.计算机与数字工程.2008,1:55-58
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