栽培措施对牛膝（Achyranthes Bidentata Blume.）产量形成和品质的影响
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摘要
牛膝为苋科牛膝属植物牛膝(Achyranthes Bidentata Blume.)的干燥根,为一年生草本植物,是我国著名的“四大怀药”之一,其根是我国传统的大宗中药材。具有“补肝肾,强筋骨,逐瘀通经,引血下行”之功效,主要用于“腰膝酸痛,筋骨无力,经闭症瘕,肝阳眩晕”。目前对于牛膝的研究主要着重于其药理作用和化学成分等方面,而对于牛膝栽培措施的调控研究较少。近年来,由于天然药物的资源的局限性,对中药材规范化种植的研究日益重视。栽培措施调控促进药用植物的光合作用,从而提高牛膝的产量和品质,目前尚未见报道。本试验通过对牛膝种植密度(50、33、25、20万株/hm~2)、玉米健壮素(1.5、1.75、2.0、2.25、2.5g·kg~(-1))营养生长和生殖生长(全部摘除和主茎摘除)以及不同采收期(9月、10月、11月、12月、次年1月、次年2月和次年3月)等栽培措施的调控研究了其群体光合速率、叶绿素荧光参数、牛膝抗氧化代谢、及根产量、多糖和齐墩果酸含量的影响,旨在为采取有效调控措施,增加牛膝的产量和品质提供保证。主要结果如下:
1、适宜的种植密度提高牛膝的群体光合速率和叶绿素荧光参数
对一个群体来说,密度存在适宜值,当密度小于适宜值时,随密度的增加CAP增大,产量逐步提高;在适宜密度范围内CAP和产量应达最大值,超过适宜密度,群体过大,导致群体郁蔽.使CAP和产量降低。从本试验条件看,33万株/hm~2 CAP在籽粒期均高于其它处理且产量最高。因此,要提高籽粒期的干物质积累量,必须着力于提高此期的群体光合效率。
在不同密度下,导致牛膝叶面积指数不同,其叶绿体色素含量和荧光特性均不同。随着密度的加大,牛膝叶面积指数也加大,但密度过高,使植物郁闭,不利于光透射,从而影响牛膝叶绿体素含量的差异。牛膝整个生育期,4种植密度前期叶绿体色素含量差别不大,到中后期33万株/hm~2叶绿素含量高于其它处理。33万株/hm~2的叶绿体色素分子具有较高的PSⅡ活性(光能转化效率、电子传递速率),可以形成较多的活跃的化学能(ATP和NADPH),为光合碳同化提供充分的能量和还原能力,从而表现出良好的光合生理性能.
2、适宜的种植密度提高牛膝产量和品质
牛膝多糖与齐墩果酸含量高低是牛膝药用价值的体现。研究表明密度和产量之间关系密切,适宜的种植密度,有利于提高牛膝产量,33万株/hm~2产量最高。
牛膝各器官中可溶性糖与根中牛膝多糖含量的积累类似,都呈“S”型曲线,50万株/hm~2和33万株/hm~2牛膝多糖和齐墩果酸单位面积含量相对较高,而25万株/hm~2和20万株/hm~2相对较低,牛膝各期齐墩果酸含量的研究表明其最高含量在出苗70d(9月末)。综合分析牛膝最佳密度为33万株/hm~2。
3、玉米健壮素适宜的浓度可以提高牛膝抗氧化作用
CAT和POD催化H_2O_2生成无害的O_2和H_2O,牛膝叶片中POD酶活性和CAT酶活性高低交替出现,二者共同作用使牛膝的叶片相对维持了较高的清除活性氧的能力,减少了自由基的积累,缓解了其对生物膜系统的伤害,使膜脂过氧化程度降低。从而对牛膝叶片细胞膜起到了一定的保护作用,且以1.75g·kg~(-1)的含量保护效果最好。
Car存在于叶绿体内,一方面阻止激发态叶绿素分子的激发能从反应中心向外传递;另一方面,它也保护叶绿素分子免遭光氧化损伤。玉米健壮素在低浓度(1.5 g·kg~(-1))和高浓度(大于2.25 g·kg~(-1))对Car的影响不明显,而在1.75和2.0 g·kg~(-1)之间显著提高了牛膝叶片中Car的含量。所以玉米健壮素通过提高牛膝叶片Car的含量,进一步抑制了活性氧的形成,对牛膝叶片细胞膜系统起到了一定的保护作用。
4、玉米健壮素适宜浓度提高牛膝产量和质量
玉米健壮素的施用以B2处理效果最好,不但提高了牛膝抗倒伏能力,而且提高牛膝产量(16.65%)和多糖含量(40.83%),虽对齐墩果酸含量有一定影响,但却增加单位面积含量(0.1917),可见玉米健壮素在牛膝上的使用可以增加部分有效成分。
5、营养生长和生殖生长的调控提高牛膝产量和品质
在现蕾期摘除牛膝陆续出现的花序,植株个体发育表现良好,增加倒2叶叶长和叶宽。进而增大了牛膝根长、根直径和株高,节数未发生变化,全部摘除花序提高牛膝倒2叶叶绿素含量,并保持较高潜在叶绿素荧光参数,光合作用能力增强,提高了碳代谢途径活力,从而提高了牛膝产量、多糖含量和齐墩果酸含量。
6、不同采收期对牛膝产量和品质的影响
中药材有效成分的形成与积累受遗传因子的调控和环境条件的影响,其疗效是最终目的。由于牛膝活性成分较多,本研究主要以多糖含量和齐墩果酸含量为依据,从种植经济效益和药用价值两方面考虑,认为应从单位面积中牛膝活性成分含量来确定,单位面积牛膝多糖含量以次年1月为最高(52.0145 g?m~(-2)),其次为11月(49.6751 g?m~(-2))和12月(48.9841 g?m~(-2)),而齐墩果酸含量最高值为12月(2.581279 g?m~(-2)),其次为11月(2.027142 g?m~(-2))和次年1月(2.011289 g?m~(-2)),因此综合分析应在12月中下旬采收最佳。
Achyranthes Bidentata belongs to Amaranthaceae Achyranthes Bidentata plant Achyranthes Bidentata dry radix and is annual herb plant . It is our country famous one of“Fourth big bosom medicines”. Its radix is tradition large amount traditional Chinese crude drug , and can reinforce liver or kidney ,strong physique, pass by stasis and promotion ,and ensuring proper downward flow of blood, Mainly uses in“the waist knee being aching pain, the physique is incapable, amenia lump in the abdomen, dizziness due to hyperactivity of liver-YANG. At present regarding achyranthes bidentata research mainly emphatically in its aspects and so on pharmacological action and chemical composition, but are few regarding the achyranthes bidentata cultivation measure's regulative research.
In recent years, as a result of the natural medicine's resources' limitation, took seriously day by day to the traditional Chinese medicine standardization planter's research..The cultivation measure regulation promotes medicinal plant's photosynthesis, thus enhances the achyranthes bidentata the yield and the quality, at present has not yet been reported.This experiment through to the achyranthes bidentata planting density (50, 33, 25, 200,000plant.hm~(-2)), Maize Roborant (1.5, 1.75, 2.0, 2.25, 2.5g.kg~(-1)) the vegetative growth and the reproduction will grow (all picks and pinches off) as well as the different harvest time (in September, in October, in November, in December, next year January, next year February and next year March) and other cultivation measure regulation has studied its canopy aparent photosynthetic rate , the chlorophyll fluorescence parameter, achyranthes bidentata antioxidant metabolism, and the root yield, content of oleanolic acid and polysaccharide, aims to take effective control measures to increase the yield and quality of Achyranthes provide a guarantee. Main results are as follows:
1.The suitable planting density enhances the achyranthes bidentata the canopy aparent photothetic photothetic rate and the chlorophyll fluorescence parameter
To canopy, the density existence being suitable value, when the density is smaller than the suitable value, increases CAP along with the density to increase, the yield enhances gradually;
In the suitable density range CAP and the yield should reach the maximum value, surpasses the suitable density, the community is oversized, causes the canopy to shade strongly fragrant. Causes CAP and the yield reduces. Looking from this experiment condition, 330,000plant.hm~(-2) CAP is higher than other processing in the grain stage, and the yield is highest. Therefore, must enhance the grain time the dry material accumulation quantity, must try to enhancing this time the community photosynthesis efficiency. Therefore, in order to raise the grain of dry matter accumulation, we must focus on improving the canopy aparent photosynthetic efficiency.
Under the different density, resulting in different Achyranthes leaf area index, the chloroplast pigment content and fluorescence characteristics are different.
Along with the increasing density, Achyranthes leaf area index also increased, density enlargement, the Achyranthes bidentata leaf area index also enlarges, but the density is excessively high, causes the plant closing, does not favor the optical transmission, thus influence achyranthes bidentata chloroplast content difference. The achyranthes bidentata entire period of duration, 4 planting density preliminary chloroplast content little difference , in the latter part of 330,000 plant.hm~(-2) chlorophyll content higher than other treatments.330,000 plant .hm~(-2) chloroplast pigment molecules have high PSⅡActiveness may form many active chemical energy (ATP and NADPH), provides the full energy and the reducing ability for the photosynthesis carbon assimilation, thus displays the good photosynthesis physiology performance .330000 plant.hm~(-2) the chloroplast molecules have a high PSⅡactivity . (energy of light transfer efficiency, electron transfer rate), can create a more active chemical energy (ATP and NADPH), photosynthetic carbon assimilation for the provision of adequate energy and Reduced ability to show good performance of the photosynthetic physiology.
2. The suitable planting density raises the achyranthes bidentata yield and the quality .
Achyranthes polysaccharide and oleanolic acid content level is the embodiment of Achyranthes medicinal value. Research shows that the close relationship between density and yield.The suitable planting density, is advantageous in raises the achyranthes bidentata yield, 330,000 .hm~(-2) the highest yield. Water in achyranthes bidentata various organs soluble carbohydrate and the achyranthes bidentata polysaccharide in the root content's accumulation is similar, assumes“S”the curve, 500,000 plant.hm~(-2) and 330,000 plant.hm~(-2) achyranthes bidentata polysaccharide and oleanolic acid unit area content is relatively high, but 250,000plant.hm~(-2) and 200,000 plant.hm~(-2) are relatively low, the achyranthes bidentata various issue of oleanolic acid content's research indicated that its highest content is emerging 70d (at the end of September). The generalized analysis achyranthes bidentata optimum density is 330,000 plant.hm~(-2)
3. Maize Roborant being suitable density may enhance the achyranthes bidentata oxidation resistance function
CAT and POD catalyze H_2O_2 to produce harmless O_2 and H_2O, in the achyranthes bidentata leaves the POD and the CAT enzyme activity height appear alternately, two combined actions caused the achyranthes bidentata the leaves to maintain the high elimination active oxygen ability relatively, reduced the free radical accumulation, alleviated it to the biomembrane system's injury, caused the membrane fat peroxidation degree to reduce. Thus played certain protective function to the achyranthes bidentata leaf blade cell membrane, and was best by the 1.75g.kg~(-1) content protection effect.
Car exists in the chloroplast, on the one hand the impediment excited state chlorophyll molecules’excitation energy transmits outward from the reaction center; On the other hand, it also protects the chlorophyll molecules to avoid the photooxidation damage. Maize Roborant in the low-concentration (1.5 gkg~(-1)) and the high high concentrations (is greater than 2.25 g.kg~(-1)) in the low concentration the influence not to be obvious to Car, but obviously enhanced in the achyranthes bidentata leaves between 1.75 and 2.0 g.kg~(-1) the Car content. Therefore Maize Roborant through enhances achyranthes bidentata leaves Car content, has further suppressed the active oxygen formation, played certain protective function to the achyranthes bidentata leaves cell membrane system.
4.Maize Roborant being suitable density raises the achyranthes bidentata yield and the quality
Maize Roborant in dealing with the application of B2 to the best effect, not only enhance the ability of Achyranthes lodging, but also improve the yield(16.65%) and content of Achyranthes polysaccharide(40.83%),although alines oleanolic c acid content to have certain influence, but actually the Additional unit area content(0.1917mg.m~(-2)), obviously Maize Roborant may increase the part effective component on achyranthes bidentata use.
5.The vegetative growth and the reproduction grow the regulation raises the achyranthes bidentata yield and quality
The removing inflorescence which appears one after another in the squaring stage excision achy- ranthes bidentata, the good performance of individual plants, inverted increases but actually 2 leaf lengths and width. Thereby increasing the Achyranthes root length, diameter and height, the pitch number has not changed, excised the removing inflorescence to raise the achyranthes bidentata but actually leaf chlorophyll content completely, and maintained the high latent chlorophyll fluorescence parameter, photosynthesis capacity strengthens, enhanced the carbon pathways vigor, thus raised the achyranthes bidentata yield, the polysaccharide content and oleanolic acid content.
6. Effect of yield and quality on achyranthes bidentata in different harvest time
Effective component's formation and its accumulation in Chinese traditional medicine is controlled by genetic factors regulation and environmental condition, its curative effect is the ultimate goal. Because of more active ingredients in achyranthes bidentata, this research mainly takes the content of polysaccharide and oleanolic acid as the basis, considered from the planter economic efficiency and for medicinal purposes value two aspects, thought should be determine the content of active ingredient from the unit area of Achyranthes bidentata unit area. Content of Achyranthes bidentata polysaccharide per unit area take in the following year in January as highest (52.0145 g.m~(-2)), followed by November (49.6751 g.m~(-2)) and December (48.9841 g.m~(-2)), but content of oleanolic acid maximum for December (2.581279 g.m~(-2)), next for November (2.027142 g.m~(-2)) and next year in January (2.011289 g.m~(-2)), therefore comprehensive analysis should be in the best harvest in late mid-December.
1、适宜的种植密度提高牛膝的群体光合速率和叶绿素荧光参数
对一个群体来说,密度存在适宜值,当密度小于适宜值时,随密度的增加CAP增大,产量逐步提高;在适宜密度范围内CAP和产量应达最大值,超过适宜密度,群体过大,导致群体郁蔽.使CAP和产量降低。从本试验条件看,33万株/hm~2 CAP在籽粒期均高于其它处理且产量最高。因此,要提高籽粒期的干物质积累量,必须着力于提高此期的群体光合效率。
在不同密度下,导致牛膝叶面积指数不同,其叶绿体色素含量和荧光特性均不同。随着密度的加大,牛膝叶面积指数也加大,但密度过高,使植物郁闭,不利于光透射,从而影响牛膝叶绿体素含量的差异。牛膝整个生育期,4种植密度前期叶绿体色素含量差别不大,到中后期33万株/hm~2叶绿素含量高于其它处理。33万株/hm~2的叶绿体色素分子具有较高的PSⅡ活性(光能转化效率、电子传递速率),可以形成较多的活跃的化学能(ATP和NADPH),为光合碳同化提供充分的能量和还原能力,从而表现出良好的光合生理性能.
2、适宜的种植密度提高牛膝产量和品质
牛膝多糖与齐墩果酸含量高低是牛膝药用价值的体现。研究表明密度和产量之间关系密切,适宜的种植密度,有利于提高牛膝产量,33万株/hm~2产量最高。
牛膝各器官中可溶性糖与根中牛膝多糖含量的积累类似,都呈“S”型曲线,50万株/hm~2和33万株/hm~2牛膝多糖和齐墩果酸单位面积含量相对较高,而25万株/hm~2和20万株/hm~2相对较低,牛膝各期齐墩果酸含量的研究表明其最高含量在出苗70d(9月末)。综合分析牛膝最佳密度为33万株/hm~2。
3、玉米健壮素适宜的浓度可以提高牛膝抗氧化作用
CAT和POD催化H_2O_2生成无害的O_2和H_2O,牛膝叶片中POD酶活性和CAT酶活性高低交替出现,二者共同作用使牛膝的叶片相对维持了较高的清除活性氧的能力,减少了自由基的积累,缓解了其对生物膜系统的伤害,使膜脂过氧化程度降低。从而对牛膝叶片细胞膜起到了一定的保护作用,且以1.75g·kg~(-1)的含量保护效果最好。
Car存在于叶绿体内,一方面阻止激发态叶绿素分子的激发能从反应中心向外传递;另一方面,它也保护叶绿素分子免遭光氧化损伤。玉米健壮素在低浓度(1.5 g·kg~(-1))和高浓度(大于2.25 g·kg~(-1))对Car的影响不明显,而在1.75和2.0 g·kg~(-1)之间显著提高了牛膝叶片中Car的含量。所以玉米健壮素通过提高牛膝叶片Car的含量,进一步抑制了活性氧的形成,对牛膝叶片细胞膜系统起到了一定的保护作用。
4、玉米健壮素适宜浓度提高牛膝产量和质量
玉米健壮素的施用以B2处理效果最好,不但提高了牛膝抗倒伏能力,而且提高牛膝产量(16.65%)和多糖含量(40.83%),虽对齐墩果酸含量有一定影响,但却增加单位面积含量(0.1917),可见玉米健壮素在牛膝上的使用可以增加部分有效成分。
5、营养生长和生殖生长的调控提高牛膝产量和品质
在现蕾期摘除牛膝陆续出现的花序,植株个体发育表现良好,增加倒2叶叶长和叶宽。进而增大了牛膝根长、根直径和株高,节数未发生变化,全部摘除花序提高牛膝倒2叶叶绿素含量,并保持较高潜在叶绿素荧光参数,光合作用能力增强,提高了碳代谢途径活力,从而提高了牛膝产量、多糖含量和齐墩果酸含量。
6、不同采收期对牛膝产量和品质的影响
中药材有效成分的形成与积累受遗传因子的调控和环境条件的影响,其疗效是最终目的。由于牛膝活性成分较多,本研究主要以多糖含量和齐墩果酸含量为依据,从种植经济效益和药用价值两方面考虑,认为应从单位面积中牛膝活性成分含量来确定,单位面积牛膝多糖含量以次年1月为最高(52.0145 g?m~(-2)),其次为11月(49.6751 g?m~(-2))和12月(48.9841 g?m~(-2)),而齐墩果酸含量最高值为12月(2.581279 g?m~(-2)),其次为11月(2.027142 g?m~(-2))和次年1月(2.011289 g?m~(-2)),因此综合分析应在12月中下旬采收最佳。
Achyranthes Bidentata belongs to Amaranthaceae Achyranthes Bidentata plant Achyranthes Bidentata dry radix and is annual herb plant . It is our country famous one of“Fourth big bosom medicines”. Its radix is tradition large amount traditional Chinese crude drug , and can reinforce liver or kidney ,strong physique, pass by stasis and promotion ,and ensuring proper downward flow of blood, Mainly uses in“the waist knee being aching pain, the physique is incapable, amenia lump in the abdomen, dizziness due to hyperactivity of liver-YANG. At present regarding achyranthes bidentata research mainly emphatically in its aspects and so on pharmacological action and chemical composition, but are few regarding the achyranthes bidentata cultivation measure's regulative research.
In recent years, as a result of the natural medicine's resources' limitation, took seriously day by day to the traditional Chinese medicine standardization planter's research..The cultivation measure regulation promotes medicinal plant's photosynthesis, thus enhances the achyranthes bidentata the yield and the quality, at present has not yet been reported.This experiment through to the achyranthes bidentata planting density (50, 33, 25, 200,000plant.hm~(-2)), Maize Roborant (1.5, 1.75, 2.0, 2.25, 2.5g.kg~(-1)) the vegetative growth and the reproduction will grow (all picks and pinches off) as well as the different harvest time (in September, in October, in November, in December, next year January, next year February and next year March) and other cultivation measure regulation has studied its canopy aparent photosynthetic rate , the chlorophyll fluorescence parameter, achyranthes bidentata antioxidant metabolism, and the root yield, content of oleanolic acid and polysaccharide, aims to take effective control measures to increase the yield and quality of Achyranthes provide a guarantee. Main results are as follows:
1.The suitable planting density enhances the achyranthes bidentata the canopy aparent photothetic photothetic rate and the chlorophyll fluorescence parameter
To canopy, the density existence being suitable value, when the density is smaller than the suitable value, increases CAP along with the density to increase, the yield enhances gradually;
In the suitable density range CAP and the yield should reach the maximum value, surpasses the suitable density, the community is oversized, causes the canopy to shade strongly fragrant. Causes CAP and the yield reduces. Looking from this experiment condition, 330,000plant.hm~(-2) CAP is higher than other processing in the grain stage, and the yield is highest. Therefore, must enhance the grain time the dry material accumulation quantity, must try to enhancing this time the community photosynthesis efficiency. Therefore, in order to raise the grain of dry matter accumulation, we must focus on improving the canopy aparent photosynthetic efficiency.
Under the different density, resulting in different Achyranthes leaf area index, the chloroplast pigment content and fluorescence characteristics are different.
Along with the increasing density, Achyranthes leaf area index also increased, density enlargement, the Achyranthes bidentata leaf area index also enlarges, but the density is excessively high, causes the plant closing, does not favor the optical transmission, thus influence achyranthes bidentata chloroplast content difference. The achyranthes bidentata entire period of duration, 4 planting density preliminary chloroplast content little difference , in the latter part of 330,000 plant.hm~(-2) chlorophyll content higher than other treatments.330,000 plant .hm~(-2) chloroplast pigment molecules have high PSⅡActiveness may form many active chemical energy (ATP and NADPH), provides the full energy and the reducing ability for the photosynthesis carbon assimilation, thus displays the good photosynthesis physiology performance .330000 plant.hm~(-2) the chloroplast molecules have a high PSⅡactivity . (energy of light transfer efficiency, electron transfer rate), can create a more active chemical energy (ATP and NADPH), photosynthetic carbon assimilation for the provision of adequate energy and Reduced ability to show good performance of the photosynthetic physiology.
2. The suitable planting density raises the achyranthes bidentata yield and the quality .
Achyranthes polysaccharide and oleanolic acid content level is the embodiment of Achyranthes medicinal value. Research shows that the close relationship between density and yield.The suitable planting density, is advantageous in raises the achyranthes bidentata yield, 330,000 .hm~(-2) the highest yield. Water in achyranthes bidentata various organs soluble carbohydrate and the achyranthes bidentata polysaccharide in the root content's accumulation is similar, assumes“S”the curve, 500,000 plant.hm~(-2) and 330,000 plant.hm~(-2) achyranthes bidentata polysaccharide and oleanolic acid unit area content is relatively high, but 250,000plant.hm~(-2) and 200,000 plant.hm~(-2) are relatively low, the achyranthes bidentata various issue of oleanolic acid content's research indicated that its highest content is emerging 70d (at the end of September). The generalized analysis achyranthes bidentata optimum density is 330,000 plant.hm~(-2)
3. Maize Roborant being suitable density may enhance the achyranthes bidentata oxidation resistance function
CAT and POD catalyze H_2O_2 to produce harmless O_2 and H_2O, in the achyranthes bidentata leaves the POD and the CAT enzyme activity height appear alternately, two combined actions caused the achyranthes bidentata the leaves to maintain the high elimination active oxygen ability relatively, reduced the free radical accumulation, alleviated it to the biomembrane system's injury, caused the membrane fat peroxidation degree to reduce. Thus played certain protective function to the achyranthes bidentata leaf blade cell membrane, and was best by the 1.75g.kg~(-1) content protection effect.
Car exists in the chloroplast, on the one hand the impediment excited state chlorophyll molecules’excitation energy transmits outward from the reaction center; On the other hand, it also protects the chlorophyll molecules to avoid the photooxidation damage. Maize Roborant in the low-concentration (1.5 gkg~(-1)) and the high high concentrations (is greater than 2.25 g.kg~(-1)) in the low concentration the influence not to be obvious to Car, but obviously enhanced in the achyranthes bidentata leaves between 1.75 and 2.0 g.kg~(-1) the Car content. Therefore Maize Roborant through enhances achyranthes bidentata leaves Car content, has further suppressed the active oxygen formation, played certain protective function to the achyranthes bidentata leaves cell membrane system.
4.Maize Roborant being suitable density raises the achyranthes bidentata yield and the quality
Maize Roborant in dealing with the application of B2 to the best effect, not only enhance the ability of Achyranthes lodging, but also improve the yield(16.65%) and content of Achyranthes polysaccharide(40.83%),although alines oleanolic c acid content to have certain influence, but actually the Additional unit area content(0.1917mg.m~(-2)), obviously Maize Roborant may increase the part effective component on achyranthes bidentata use.
5.The vegetative growth and the reproduction grow the regulation raises the achyranthes bidentata yield and quality
The removing inflorescence which appears one after another in the squaring stage excision achy- ranthes bidentata, the good performance of individual plants, inverted increases but actually 2 leaf lengths and width. Thereby increasing the Achyranthes root length, diameter and height, the pitch number has not changed, excised the removing inflorescence to raise the achyranthes bidentata but actually leaf chlorophyll content completely, and maintained the high latent chlorophyll fluorescence parameter, photosynthesis capacity strengthens, enhanced the carbon pathways vigor, thus raised the achyranthes bidentata yield, the polysaccharide content and oleanolic acid content.
6. Effect of yield and quality on achyranthes bidentata in different harvest time
Effective component's formation and its accumulation in Chinese traditional medicine is controlled by genetic factors regulation and environmental condition, its curative effect is the ultimate goal. Because of more active ingredients in achyranthes bidentata, this research mainly takes the content of polysaccharide and oleanolic acid as the basis, considered from the planter economic efficiency and for medicinal purposes value two aspects, thought should be determine the content of active ingredient from the unit area of Achyranthes bidentata unit area. Content of Achyranthes bidentata polysaccharide per unit area take in the following year in January as highest (52.0145 g.m~(-2)), followed by November (49.6751 g.m~(-2)) and December (48.9841 g.m~(-2)), but content of oleanolic acid maximum for December (2.581279 g.m~(-2)), next for November (2.027142 g.m~(-2)) and next year in January (2.011289 g.m~(-2)), therefore comprehensive analysis should be in the best harvest in late mid-December.
引文
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