基于IXA架构的接入网关QoS设计和实现
摘要
随着IP网络及其关联技术的发展，Everything over IP已经不再是一句口号，而是不争的事实。从上世纪90年代VOIP的初步尝试，到今天视频会议、IPTV，甚至移动业务，无不已经或者即将具备在IP网络上承载的能力。然而当一切业务均可以在IP网络上承载之后，今天的IP网络却又面临着前所未有的挑战。QoS就是其中之一。
QoS是一种流量管理技术。它的作用可以总结为三点：第一、为对传输质量、网络延迟、抖动等网络服务性能有特殊要求的业务提供有区别的服务；第二、通过流量控制、资源分配等手段尽可能地控制好那些可能引发网络拥塞的直接或间接因素、减少拥塞发生的概率；第三、在拥塞发生时依据业务的性质及其需求特性权衡资源的分配，将拥塞对服务的影响减到最小。
本文以CDMA2000分组域QoS方案为背景，就其接入网关上的QoS工程实现做了详细的研究和探讨。文章在必要的理论铺垫后，提出了接入网关的整体QoS架构，接着详细描述了系统内部各个功能模块的实现，并在最后简要介绍了系统的验证工作。
系统在Intel的IXP2400上实现。整个研究过程分两条主线：第一、系统QoS架构的提出及相关技术理论的应用；第二、基于Intel IXA架构的微码实现。
With the development of IP network and related technology, everything over IP is no longer a slogan, but an irrefutable fact. From the preliminary attempt of VOIP , to the video-conference , IPTV ,and even mobil-business, have already or soon been able to run over IP. However today's IP network faces the unprecedented challenges, one of which is QoS.
QoS is a technology of traffic management. It mainly has three function. Firstly it provides a distinguishing service for those applications which have a special request of delivering quality, lower delay and tremble. Secondly it decreases congestion by appropriate resources allocation and traffic control. Thirdly it reduces the influence to certain service when the congestion occurs.
By the background of the CDMA2000 packet data area, this text does the detailed research on the QoS of the gateway. It mainly has five part. Part one, the background of QoS. Part tow, the key technique of the system. Part three, the system framework. Part four, the detail of system. Part five, the test system.
The system is built on the IXP2400 ,a product of Intel. There are tow basic ways of research. One is QoS theory. The other is the Intel IXA framework.
QoS是一种流量管理技术。它的作用可以总结为三点：第一、为对传输质量、网络延迟、抖动等网络服务性能有特殊要求的业务提供有区别的服务；第二、通过流量控制、资源分配等手段尽可能地控制好那些可能引发网络拥塞的直接或间接因素、减少拥塞发生的概率；第三、在拥塞发生时依据业务的性质及其需求特性权衡资源的分配，将拥塞对服务的影响减到最小。
本文以CDMA2000分组域QoS方案为背景，就其接入网关上的QoS工程实现做了详细的研究和探讨。文章在必要的理论铺垫后，提出了接入网关的整体QoS架构，接着详细描述了系统内部各个功能模块的实现，并在最后简要介绍了系统的验证工作。
系统在Intel的IXP2400上实现。整个研究过程分两条主线：第一、系统QoS架构的提出及相关技术理论的应用；第二、基于Intel IXA架构的微码实现。
With the development of IP network and related technology, everything over IP is no longer a slogan, but an irrefutable fact. From the preliminary attempt of VOIP , to the video-conference , IPTV ,and even mobil-business, have already or soon been able to run over IP. However today's IP network faces the unprecedented challenges, one of which is QoS.
QoS is a technology of traffic management. It mainly has three function. Firstly it provides a distinguishing service for those applications which have a special request of delivering quality, lower delay and tremble. Secondly it decreases congestion by appropriate resources allocation and traffic control. Thirdly it reduces the influence to certain service when the congestion occurs.
By the background of the CDMA2000 packet data area, this text does the detailed research on the QoS of the gateway. It mainly has five part. Part one, the background of QoS. Part tow, the key technique of the system. Part three, the system framework. Part four, the detail of system. Part five, the test system.
The system is built on the IXP2400 ,a product of Intel. There are tow basic ways of research. One is QoS theory. The other is the Intel IXA framework.
引文
1. 3GPP2 X. S0011-004-C:cdma2000 Wireless IP Network Standard:Quality of Service and Header Reduction
2. RFC2697:A Single Rate Three Color Marker
3. RFC1633:Integrated Services in the Internet Architecture: an Overview
4. RFC2475:An Architecture for Differentiated Services
5. RFC2205:Resource ReSerVation Protocol (RSVP)
6. RFC2474:Definition of the Differentiated Services Field (DS Field) in the IPv4 and IPv6 Headers
7. RFC2210:The Use of RSVP with IETF Integrated Services
8. RFC2208:Resource ReSerVation Protocol (RSVP)Version 1 Applicability StatementSome Guidelines on Deployment
9. RFC2209:Extensions to RSVP-TE for Point to Multipoint TE LSPs
10. RFC3260:New Terminology and Clarifications for Diffserv
11. RFC2597:Assured Forwarding PHB Group
12. RFC2598:An Expedited Forwarding PHB
13. RFC3246:An Expedited Forwarding PHB (Per-Hop Behavior)
14．Internet 实时业务延时和抖动的QoS机制．http://www.chinaitlab.com.
15．Ina Minei．MPLS DiffServ-aware 流量工程
16．邸春红．多媒体通信的服务质量(QoS)保证．沈阳师范大学学报(自然科学版)．2004，22(2)：113~116
17．Douglas E．Comer．网络处理器与网络系统设计．第一版．北京：机械工业出版社，2004
18．Qos喊了十年 不见实用之症结分析．http://www.chinaitlab.com/
19．IEEE 802．lP： 有关流量优先级的 LAN 第二层 QoS／CoS协议. http://www. networkdictionary. com/chinese/
20．QoS研究及展望．http://www.chinaitlab.com/
21．Internet实时业务延时和抖动的QoS机制．http://www.chinaitlab.com/
22. Sally Floyd, Kevin Fall. Random Early Detection gateways for Congestion Avoidance. IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking. 1993
23. Sally Floyd, Kevin Fall. Router Mechanisms to Support End-to-End Congestion Control. Network Research Group. Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley CA. February 15, 1997
24. Xiao Zhang, Laxmi N. Deficit Round-Robin Scheduling for Input-Queued Switches. IEEE JOURNAL ON SELECTED AREAS IN OMMUNICATIONS, VOL. 21, NO. 4, MAY 2003
25. Cisco IOS Quality of Service Solutions Configuration Guide. Cisco Systems, Inc
26. IP QoS Introduction. Cisco Systems, Inc
27. Intel ⅨP2400 Network Processor Hardware Reference Manual
28. Intel ⅨP2400 Network Processor Programmer' s Reference Manual
29. Intel Internet Exchange Architecture (ⅨA) Software Building Blocks Applications
30. Intel Internet Exchange Architecture (ⅨA) Software Building Blocks
31．W．Richard Stevens．TCP／IP详解．第一版．北京：机械工业出版社，2000
32．Dauglas E．Comer．用TCP／IP进行网际互连．第一版．北京：电子工业出版社，1998
33．谢希仁．计算机网络．第二版．北京：电子工业出版社，1999
2. RFC2697:A Single Rate Three Color Marker
3. RFC1633:Integrated Services in the Internet Architecture: an Overview
4. RFC2475:An Architecture for Differentiated Services
5. RFC2205:Resource ReSerVation Protocol (RSVP)
6. RFC2474:Definition of the Differentiated Services Field (DS Field) in the IPv4 and IPv6 Headers
7. RFC2210:The Use of RSVP with IETF Integrated Services
8. RFC2208:Resource ReSerVation Protocol (RSVP)Version 1 Applicability StatementSome Guidelines on Deployment
9. RFC2209:Extensions to RSVP-TE for Point to Multipoint TE LSPs
10. RFC3260:New Terminology and Clarifications for Diffserv
11. RFC2597:Assured Forwarding PHB Group
12. RFC2598:An Expedited Forwarding PHB
13. RFC3246:An Expedited Forwarding PHB (Per-Hop Behavior)
14．Internet 实时业务延时和抖动的QoS机制．http://www.chinaitlab.com.
15．Ina Minei．MPLS DiffServ-aware 流量工程
16．邸春红．多媒体通信的服务质量(QoS)保证．沈阳师范大学学报(自然科学版)．2004，22(2)：113~116
17．Douglas E．Comer．网络处理器与网络系统设计．第一版．北京：机械工业出版社，2004
18．Qos喊了十年 不见实用之症结分析．http://www.chinaitlab.com/
19．IEEE 802．lP： 有关流量优先级的 LAN 第二层 QoS／CoS协议. http://www. networkdictionary. com/chinese/
20．QoS研究及展望．http://www.chinaitlab.com/
21．Internet实时业务延时和抖动的QoS机制．http://www.chinaitlab.com/
22. Sally Floyd, Kevin Fall. Random Early Detection gateways for Congestion Avoidance. IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking. 1993
23. Sally Floyd, Kevin Fall. Router Mechanisms to Support End-to-End Congestion Control. Network Research Group. Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley CA. February 15, 1997
24. Xiao Zhang, Laxmi N. Deficit Round-Robin Scheduling for Input-Queued Switches. IEEE JOURNAL ON SELECTED AREAS IN OMMUNICATIONS, VOL. 21, NO. 4, MAY 2003
25. Cisco IOS Quality of Service Solutions Configuration Guide. Cisco Systems, Inc
26. IP QoS Introduction. Cisco Systems, Inc
27. Intel ⅨP2400 Network Processor Hardware Reference Manual
28. Intel ⅨP2400 Network Processor Programmer' s Reference Manual
29. Intel Internet Exchange Architecture (ⅨA) Software Building Blocks Applications
30. Intel Internet Exchange Architecture (ⅨA) Software Building Blocks
31．W．Richard Stevens．TCP／IP详解．第一版．北京：机械工业出版社，2000
32．Dauglas E．Comer．用TCP／IP进行网际互连．第一版．北京：电子工业出版社，1998
33．谢希仁．计算机网络．第二版．北京：电子工业出版社，1999