基于J2EE多层框架的研究及在电子政务系统模型中的应用
|
摘要
近年来,互联网的迅速普及带动了信息技术的飞速发展,信息技术对人们的生活产生了巨大的影响。在这种环境下,政府和企业都在加快信息化建设的步伐,电子政务、电子商务的应用也越来越广泛。随着政府职能的转变,过去的电子政务系统由于结构不合理、扩展性不强、维护困难、资源无法共享等缺点已经不能满足需要。开发基于Web的企业级应用来改变政府部门的信息交流方式、提高政府部门的执行效率已经成为一个不可阻挡的趋势。
J2EE自诞生起,就专注于企业级Web应用,并取得了巨大的成功。然而,对于大多数中小型企业应用来说,由于EJB的存在,传统的J2EE解决方案显得过于复杂,给项目的开发增加了难度。因此,一个具有低侵入性的、能够让J2EE平台技术处于“松耦合”状态的、轻量级的Web框架是迫切需要的。
本文首先探讨了J2EE的体系结构,分析了典型J2EE的层次结构和J2EE架构的发展阶段。然后,以Web框架体系为基础,分别对表示层、业务逻辑层和数据访问层进行了探讨。同时,引入了来自开源社区的Struts、Spring和Hibernate三个框架,分别研究了三种框架的原理和特性,并提出了基于Struts+Spring+Hibernate的轻量级架构的解决方案。
最后,本文以“科技项目申报审批管理系统”为背景,着重研究轻量级架构在企业级信息系统中的应用。该系统的架构采用了轻量级的J2EE架构,并按简单多层结构来设计。本文给出了申报书信息管理模块的具体实现过程。
In recent years,with the rapid popularization of Internet,information technology has got a great development,and has an effect on people's life.In this situation,the information-based construction of government and enterprises have stepped up.The application of E-government and E-business has become more and more broad.Because of the changes in the function of government,the old E-government system can't satisfy the demand of government for their unreasonable structure、little expansibility、difficulties in maintenance、being hard to share resource.It is a trend to transform the information communication way of government department and promote their efficiency through exploring the enterprise application of Web.
J2EE has concentrated on the enterprise application since it exists,which achieves a great success.However,for most of small and media enterprises,because of the existence of EJB,the traditional scheme of J2EE is too complex,which brings difficulties to the development of projects.Therefore,it is necessary to construct a lightweight Web framework that is equipped with low intrusiveness and able to make the J2EE platform technology in a coupling state.
This article research on the J2EE system structure,analyzes the classic J2EE structure and the J2EE architecture development phase.Based on the Web architecture system,this article makes a discussion from performance tier、domain tier and datasource tier.Meanwhile,the article inducts there kinds of Web application frameworks:Struts、Spring and Hibernate,research on the three kinds of frameworks' principles and the characteristic separately.It puts forward one kind of new framework,which integrate Struts、Spring and Hibernate framework.
Finally,this article takes a project,"Technological Project Declaring and Approving Management System",as background,researching the application of the lightweight architecture in enterprise information systems.The architecture of this system is based upon the lightweight J2EE architecture and is designed using a layered architecture.This article provides the concrete develop process of declaring information management module.
J2EE自诞生起,就专注于企业级Web应用,并取得了巨大的成功。然而,对于大多数中小型企业应用来说,由于EJB的存在,传统的J2EE解决方案显得过于复杂,给项目的开发增加了难度。因此,一个具有低侵入性的、能够让J2EE平台技术处于“松耦合”状态的、轻量级的Web框架是迫切需要的。
本文首先探讨了J2EE的体系结构,分析了典型J2EE的层次结构和J2EE架构的发展阶段。然后,以Web框架体系为基础,分别对表示层、业务逻辑层和数据访问层进行了探讨。同时,引入了来自开源社区的Struts、Spring和Hibernate三个框架,分别研究了三种框架的原理和特性,并提出了基于Struts+Spring+Hibernate的轻量级架构的解决方案。
最后,本文以“科技项目申报审批管理系统”为背景,着重研究轻量级架构在企业级信息系统中的应用。该系统的架构采用了轻量级的J2EE架构,并按简单多层结构来设计。本文给出了申报书信息管理模块的具体实现过程。
In recent years,with the rapid popularization of Internet,information technology has got a great development,and has an effect on people's life.In this situation,the information-based construction of government and enterprises have stepped up.The application of E-government and E-business has become more and more broad.Because of the changes in the function of government,the old E-government system can't satisfy the demand of government for their unreasonable structure、little expansibility、difficulties in maintenance、being hard to share resource.It is a trend to transform the information communication way of government department and promote their efficiency through exploring the enterprise application of Web.
J2EE has concentrated on the enterprise application since it exists,which achieves a great success.However,for most of small and media enterprises,because of the existence of EJB,the traditional scheme of J2EE is too complex,which brings difficulties to the development of projects.Therefore,it is necessary to construct a lightweight Web framework that is equipped with low intrusiveness and able to make the J2EE platform technology in a coupling state.
This article research on the J2EE system structure,analyzes the classic J2EE structure and the J2EE architecture development phase.Based on the Web architecture system,this article makes a discussion from performance tier、domain tier and datasource tier.Meanwhile,the article inducts there kinds of Web application frameworks:Struts、Spring and Hibernate,research on the three kinds of frameworks' principles and the characteristic separately.It puts forward one kind of new framework,which integrate Struts、Spring and Hibernate framework.
Finally,this article takes a project,"Technological Project Declaring and Approving Management System",as background,researching the application of the lightweight architecture in enterprise information systems.The architecture of this system is based upon the lightweight J2EE architecture and is designed using a layered architecture.This article provides the concrete develop process of declaring information management module.
引文
[1]江左文,李淑芝,左坤隆.利用J2EE开发企业平台的结构分析.计算机系统应用,2001,(02):33～35.
[2]李永强.基丁J2EE的多层、分布式企业应用软件系统.微计算机应用,2001,(05):52～56.
[3]宁建平,梁超,英宇.J2EE参考大全.电子工业出版社,2003,(05):26～28.
[4]Paul J,Perrone.J2EE构建企业系统专家解决方案.清华大学出版社,2001.
[5]郝玉龙.J2EE编程技术.清华大学出版社,2005,(4):57～69.
[6]夏昕,曹晓钢,唐勇.深入浅出Hibernate.机械工业出版社,2005,80～92.
[7]飞思科技产品研发中心.J2EE企业级应用开发.电子工业出版社,2004.
[8]Khawar Zaman Ahmed,Cary E.Umrysh,康博译.用J2EE和UML开发Java企业级应用程序.清华大学出版社,2002.
[9]Joseph J.Bambara,Paul R.Allen.J2EE技术内幕.机械工业出版社,2002.
[10]田珂,谢世波,方马.J2EE数据持久层的解决方案.计算机工程,2004,(05):17～19.
[11]张宏森.四层B/S结构及解决方案计算机应用研究,2002.
[12]夏昕,Spring开发指南.http://www.xiaxin.net/spring_dev/,2005.
[13]Rod Johnson.Expert One-on-One J2EE Design and Development.Indianapolis,2002.
[14]Chuck Cavaness.Programming Jakatra Struts,2nd Edition.Sebastopol,CA:O'Reilly,2004.
[15]邹盼霞,方建安,王直杰.Spring框架结构及核心技术的研究.微机发展,2005,(12)
[16]阎宏.Java与模式.电子工业出版社,2002.
[17]王涛,宋华.Struts与EJB结合的Web开发模式探讨.电脑与信息技术,2004,(03):33～36.
[18]Spring Reference Documentation.http://www.springframework.org/,2006.
[19]张南平,王伟,夏红霞.基于.NET平台的B/S应用系统的开发框架.武汉理工大学学报(信息与管理工程版),2004,(24):42～44.
[20]宋汉增,沈琳.利用Hibernate对象持久化服务简化Java数据库访问.计算机应用,2003,23(12):135～137.
[21]Art Taylor,李冬升等译.JDBC数据库编程与J2EE.电子工业出版社,2004.
[22]Hibernate Reference Documentation.http://www.hibernate.org/,2006.
[23]William Crawford,Jonathan Kaplan.J2EE Design Pattern.Sebastopol,CA:O'Reilly,2004.
[24]Colin Yu.Migrating a Struts application to WebSphere.Porta,2004.
[25]Ambler S W.Mapping Objects To Relational Databases.Ambysoft Inc White Paper,2000,10.
[26]Martin Fowler.Inversion of Control Containers and the Dependency Injection Pattern.2004.
[27]Lance Tokuda,Don Batory.Evolving Object-Oriented Designs with Refactorings.The University of Taxas at Austin,1999.
[28]Walls C,Breidenbach R,Spring in Action.Manning Publishing.2005,115-120.
[29]Savitha Srinivasan.Design Patterns in Object-Oriented Frameworks.Computing Practices,1999.
[30] William Crawford, Jonathan Kaplan. J2EE Design Patterns. O'Reilly, 2003, 45-46.
[31] Bill Siggelkow. A Look at Commons Chain.The New Java Framework, 2005.
[32] Malcojm Davis. Struts,an open-sourse MVC implemengation. 2001.6-7.
[33] Luke Hohman.Beyond Software Architecture:Creating and Sustaining Winning Solution. Addison Wesley, 2003,(1):23～26.
[34]Inderjeet Singh, Beth Stearns, Mark Johnson.Designing Enterprise Applications with the J2EE Platform Sencond edition. Sun Microsoft, 2004-3.
[35] Srikanth Shenoy, Nithin Mallya. Integrating Struts、Tiles and JavaServer Faces, 2003.
[36] Kevin Griffith. Using Web Application Models To Build Struts-based Web Applications. CISC Programs, 2003.
[2]李永强.基丁J2EE的多层、分布式企业应用软件系统.微计算机应用,2001,(05):52～56.
[3]宁建平,梁超,英宇.J2EE参考大全.电子工业出版社,2003,(05):26～28.
[4]Paul J,Perrone.J2EE构建企业系统专家解决方案.清华大学出版社,2001.
[5]郝玉龙.J2EE编程技术.清华大学出版社,2005,(4):57～69.
[6]夏昕,曹晓钢,唐勇.深入浅出Hibernate.机械工业出版社,2005,80～92.
[7]飞思科技产品研发中心.J2EE企业级应用开发.电子工业出版社,2004.
[8]Khawar Zaman Ahmed,Cary E.Umrysh,康博译.用J2EE和UML开发Java企业级应用程序.清华大学出版社,2002.
[9]Joseph J.Bambara,Paul R.Allen.J2EE技术内幕.机械工业出版社,2002.
[10]田珂,谢世波,方马.J2EE数据持久层的解决方案.计算机工程,2004,(05):17～19.
[11]张宏森.四层B/S结构及解决方案计算机应用研究,2002.
[12]夏昕,Spring开发指南.http://www.xiaxin.net/spring_dev/,2005.
[13]Rod Johnson.Expert One-on-One J2EE Design and Development.Indianapolis,2002.
[14]Chuck Cavaness.Programming Jakatra Struts,2nd Edition.Sebastopol,CA:O'Reilly,2004.
[15]邹盼霞,方建安,王直杰.Spring框架结构及核心技术的研究.微机发展,2005,(12)
[16]阎宏.Java与模式.电子工业出版社,2002.
[17]王涛,宋华.Struts与EJB结合的Web开发模式探讨.电脑与信息技术,2004,(03):33～36.
[18]Spring Reference Documentation.http://www.springframework.org/,2006.
[19]张南平,王伟,夏红霞.基于.NET平台的B/S应用系统的开发框架.武汉理工大学学报(信息与管理工程版),2004,(24):42～44.
[20]宋汉增,沈琳.利用Hibernate对象持久化服务简化Java数据库访问.计算机应用,2003,23(12):135～137.
[21]Art Taylor,李冬升等译.JDBC数据库编程与J2EE.电子工业出版社,2004.
[22]Hibernate Reference Documentation.http://www.hibernate.org/,2006.
[23]William Crawford,Jonathan Kaplan.J2EE Design Pattern.Sebastopol,CA:O'Reilly,2004.
[24]Colin Yu.Migrating a Struts application to WebSphere.Porta,2004.
[25]Ambler S W.Mapping Objects To Relational Databases.Ambysoft Inc White Paper,2000,10.
[26]Martin Fowler.Inversion of Control Containers and the Dependency Injection Pattern.2004.
[27]Lance Tokuda,Don Batory.Evolving Object-Oriented Designs with Refactorings.The University of Taxas at Austin,1999.
[28]Walls C,Breidenbach R,Spring in Action.Manning Publishing.2005,115-120.
[29]Savitha Srinivasan.Design Patterns in Object-Oriented Frameworks.Computing Practices,1999.
[30] William Crawford, Jonathan Kaplan. J2EE Design Patterns. O'Reilly, 2003, 45-46.
[31] Bill Siggelkow. A Look at Commons Chain.The New Java Framework, 2005.
[32] Malcojm Davis. Struts,an open-sourse MVC implemengation. 2001.6-7.
[33] Luke Hohman.Beyond Software Architecture:Creating and Sustaining Winning Solution. Addison Wesley, 2003,(1):23～26.
[34]Inderjeet Singh, Beth Stearns, Mark Johnson.Designing Enterprise Applications with the J2EE Platform Sencond edition. Sun Microsoft, 2004-3.
[35] Srikanth Shenoy, Nithin Mallya. Integrating Struts、Tiles and JavaServer Faces, 2003.
[36] Kevin Griffith. Using Web Application Models To Build Struts-based Web Applications. CISC Programs, 2003.