基于J2EE技术的工作流引擎的研究与实现
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摘要
工作流是一类能够完全或者部分自动执行的过程,它根据一系列预先定义的过程规则、文档、信息或任务能够在不同的执行者之间进行传递与执行。工作流系统的大规模应用体现了当今世界信息化建设的潮流。实施工作流管理的主要目的是通过合理地调用和分配与活动有关的信息和资源来实现企业业务处理的高效率、自动化执行。工作流引擎作为工作流技术的重要组成部分,可以说是工作流管理系统的基础结构。只有在工作流引擎的支持下,工作流技术才能具备真正意义上的应用价值。
本文基于J2EE技术和工作流管理联盟提出的规范,首先研究了J2EE规范及相关技术,阐述了J2EE的技术特点及优势,了解和掌握了工作流管理联盟给出的参考模型以及各个功能组件和接口。在此基础上,采用Java技术实现了一个轻量级工作流引擎,着重阐述了该引擎的设计原理和设计中的关键问题,并将该引擎应用到采用J2EE规范实现的工作流系统中。系统采用了符合J2EE规范的MVC架构,使用基于XML格式的数据传输方式,这样使得整个系统具有很好的可靠性、扩展性、可维护性。
The workflow is a kind of process that can be auto-executed completely or partially. It is based on a series of pre-defined rules of the process, documents, information and tasks which can be transfered and carried out in different executants. The large-scale application of the workflow system reflects information technology in today's world-building trend. The main purpose of the workflow system is to achieve the high efficiency of business processes and automation through invoking and distributing the information and resource related to the activities. As an important component of the working flow technology, the workflow engine can be considered the workflow management system infrastructure. Only in the support of the workflow engine, the workflow system can be a real value in application.
This paper bases on J2EE technology and the workflow standards that is given by WfMC. At first, I have studied the J2EE specification and related technologies, expounded the technical characteristics and advantages of J2EE. And then, I have learned and mastered the reference model that was put forward by WfMC and the model's various functional components and interfaces. After that, I have implemented a lightweight workflow engine using Java,especially emphasized the design principles and the key issues of the design. Finally, the workflow engine is applied to the workflow system which is realized by J2EE. In this system,MVC frame is adopted,and data transfer mode based on XML format is also be used. So, the whole system is characteristic of reliability, scalability, maintainability.
本文基于J2EE技术和工作流管理联盟提出的规范,首先研究了J2EE规范及相关技术,阐述了J2EE的技术特点及优势,了解和掌握了工作流管理联盟给出的参考模型以及各个功能组件和接口。在此基础上,采用Java技术实现了一个轻量级工作流引擎,着重阐述了该引擎的设计原理和设计中的关键问题,并将该引擎应用到采用J2EE规范实现的工作流系统中。系统采用了符合J2EE规范的MVC架构,使用基于XML格式的数据传输方式,这样使得整个系统具有很好的可靠性、扩展性、可维护性。
The workflow is a kind of process that can be auto-executed completely or partially. It is based on a series of pre-defined rules of the process, documents, information and tasks which can be transfered and carried out in different executants. The large-scale application of the workflow system reflects information technology in today's world-building trend. The main purpose of the workflow system is to achieve the high efficiency of business processes and automation through invoking and distributing the information and resource related to the activities. As an important component of the working flow technology, the workflow engine can be considered the workflow management system infrastructure. Only in the support of the workflow engine, the workflow system can be a real value in application.
This paper bases on J2EE technology and the workflow standards that is given by WfMC. At first, I have studied the J2EE specification and related technologies, expounded the technical characteristics and advantages of J2EE. And then, I have learned and mastered the reference model that was put forward by WfMC and the model's various functional components and interfaces. After that, I have implemented a lightweight workflow engine using Java,especially emphasized the design principles and the key issues of the design. Finally, the workflow engine is applied to the workflow system which is realized by J2EE. In this system,MVC frame is adopted,and data transfer mode based on XML format is also be used. So, the whole system is characteristic of reliability, scalability, maintainability.
引文
铩颷1]http://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/工作流
[2]杨绍方,《深入掌握J2EE技术》,2002,科学出版社。
[3]童春杰,陈德人,基于J2EE的分布式体系及应用,计算机应用研究,2002年19卷10期,31-32页。
[4]http://java.sun.com/javaee/5/docs/tutorial/doc/
[5]吴晨清,荣震华,用JSP/Servlet技术构建Web应用,计算机工程,2001年27卷1期170-172页。
[6]泰勒,译者:李东升,《JDBC数据库编程与J2EE》,2004,电子工业出版社。
[7]费希尔,布鲁斯,译者:李化,宿培成,《JDBC API教程与参考手册》,2004,清华大学出版社
[8]马特纳,译者:施平安,《EJB应用指南:基于组件的J2EE平台开发》,2004,清华大学出版社
[9]http://www,wfmc.org/standards/framework,htm
[10]范玉顺,《工作流管理技术基础》,清华大学出版社,2001。
[11]http://www.wfmc.org/standards/referencemodel.htm
[12]http://www.wfmc.org/about/welcome.htm
[13]赵卫东,黄丽华,蔡斌。工作流过程模型研究[J],系统工程理论方法应用,第11卷第3期,2002年9月。
[14]Workflow Management Coalition(WfMC)Members,Terminology ＆Glossary-A Workflow Management Coalition Specification,WorkflowManagement Coalition,February 1999o
[15]Gregory Mentzas,Christos,Stylianos Kavadias.Modeling businessprocess with workflow systems:an evaluation of alternativeapproaches[J].International Journal of Information Management,2001,21:123-135.
[16]Peterson J L.Petri net theory and modeling of systems[M].New Jersey:Prentichall,Engewood Ciffs,1981.
[17]
[18]李红臣,史美林,工作流模型及其形式化描述,计算机学报,2003年26卷11期1456-1463页。
[19]何清法,李国杰,基于关系结构的轻量级工作流引擎,计算机研究与发展,2001年38卷2期129-137页
[20]http://www.xml.corn/ http://www.w3.org/XML/
[21]阿瓦斯.其卡里,拉希德.爱克马尔,译者:邢春晓,张志强等,《XML数据管理:纯XML和支持XML的数据库系统》,2005,清华大学出版社。
[22]Mary Hall,Larry Brown著,赵学良译,Servlet与JSP核心编程,北京,清华大学出版社。
[23]罗海斌,范玉顺,吴澄,工作流技术综述[J],软件学报,2001,11(7)。
铩颷24]陈畅,吴朝辉,工作流管理规范综述,计算机科学,2000,27。
[25]邵雷,李敏伟,基于工作流技术和B/S结构的办公自动化系统研究[J],吉林电力,2004(3):55-56。
[26]张子平,彭志宏等,企业工作流机模型的设计,微型计算机信息,2003.10。
[27]蒋国银,董利红。工作流过程建模理论综述[J],计算机系统应用,第3期,2006。
[28]曾炜,阎保平。工作流模型研究综述[J],计算机应用研究,第5期,2005。
[29]范与顺,工作流管理技术研究与产品现状及发展趋势,计算机集成制造系统-CIMS,2000年01期
[2]杨绍方,《深入掌握J2EE技术》,2002,科学出版社。
[3]童春杰,陈德人,基于J2EE的分布式体系及应用,计算机应用研究,2002年19卷10期,31-32页。
[4]http://java.sun.com/javaee/5/docs/tutorial/doc/
[5]吴晨清,荣震华,用JSP/Servlet技术构建Web应用,计算机工程,2001年27卷1期170-172页。
[6]泰勒,译者:李东升,《JDBC数据库编程与J2EE》,2004,电子工业出版社。
[7]费希尔,布鲁斯,译者:李化,宿培成,《JDBC API教程与参考手册》,2004,清华大学出版社
[8]马特纳,译者:施平安,《EJB应用指南:基于组件的J2EE平台开发》,2004,清华大学出版社
[9]http://www,wfmc.org/standards/framework,htm
[10]范玉顺,《工作流管理技术基础》,清华大学出版社,2001。
[11]http://www.wfmc.org/standards/referencemodel.htm
[12]http://www.wfmc.org/about/welcome.htm
[13]赵卫东,黄丽华,蔡斌。工作流过程模型研究[J],系统工程理论方法应用,第11卷第3期,2002年9月。
[14]Workflow Management Coalition(WfMC)Members,Terminology ＆Glossary-A Workflow Management Coalition Specification,WorkflowManagement Coalition,February 1999o
[15]Gregory Mentzas,Christos,Stylianos Kavadias.Modeling businessprocess with workflow systems:an evaluation of alternativeapproaches[J].International Journal of Information Management,2001,21:123-135.
[16]Peterson J L.Petri net theory and modeling of systems[M].New Jersey:Prentichall,Engewood Ciffs,1981.
[17]
[18]李红臣,史美林,工作流模型及其形式化描述,计算机学报,2003年26卷11期1456-1463页。
[19]何清法,李国杰,基于关系结构的轻量级工作流引擎,计算机研究与发展,2001年38卷2期129-137页
[20]http://www.xml.corn/ http://www.w3.org/XML/
[21]阿瓦斯.其卡里,拉希德.爱克马尔,译者:邢春晓,张志强等,《XML数据管理:纯XML和支持XML的数据库系统》,2005,清华大学出版社。
[22]Mary Hall,Larry Brown著,赵学良译,Servlet与JSP核心编程,北京,清华大学出版社。
[23]罗海斌,范玉顺,吴澄,工作流技术综述[J],软件学报,2001,11(7)。
铩颷24]陈畅,吴朝辉,工作流管理规范综述,计算机科学,2000,27。
[25]邵雷,李敏伟,基于工作流技术和B/S结构的办公自动化系统研究[J],吉林电力,2004(3):55-56。
[26]张子平,彭志宏等,企业工作流机模型的设计,微型计算机信息,2003.10。
[27]蒋国银,董利红。工作流过程建模理论综述[J],计算机系统应用,第3期,2006。
[28]曾炜,阎保平。工作流模型研究综述[J],计算机应用研究,第5期,2005。
[29]范与顺,工作流管理技术研究与产品现状及发展趋势,计算机集成制造系统-CIMS,2000年01期