轻量级VoIP系统中用户终端的研究与实现
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摘要
随着互联网技术的高速发展,传统的VoIP应用在信令面和媒体面均有较为成熟的解决方案,但依然无法摆脱集中式部署造成的性能瓶颈等问题。P2P技术具备较强的自组织、自容灾和动态负载均衡能力,在一定程度上可以解决由于服务器集中式部署造成的问题。为了将以SIP协议为代表的VoIP技术与P2P技术更好的结合,IETF P2P-SIP工作组提出了用于在P2P网络环境下查找和定位资源信息的RELOAD协议。与传统的电信网VoIP系统相比,基于RELOAD协议的轻量级VoIP系统具备更强的自组织性和局部动态负载均衡能力,并对用户终端有着更高的要求。针对这种需求,本文研究并实现了一款基于RELOAD协议的轻量级VoIP系统终端,与传统的VoIP终端相比,轻量级VoIP系统终端在实现用户管理、即时消息、好友管理和音视频会话等基本功能的同时,还需要支持RELOAD协议栈,并具备NAT穿越、核心网动态感知和升级成为核心网节点分担负载的功能。
为了使用户终端能够正常接入轻量级VoIP系统,本文研究了IETF的RELOAD协议,保证用户终端具备资源定位和查找的基本功能,并利用ICE机制实现用户终端的NAT穿越。由于轻量级VoIP系统用户终端需要具备核心网动态感知和升级成为核心网节点的功能,本文重点设计并实现了用户终端升级成为P2P核心网节点的升级策略和基本流程,归纳出轻量级VoIP系统用户终端的基本功能需求和业务流程,完整实现了具备NAT穿越和升级功能的轻量级VoIP系统用户终端,并在实验室环境下完成了用户终端的功能测试。
轻量级VoIP系统用户终端以开源SIP终端Jitsi为基础,以Java OGSi为框架,同时使用JNI技术完成RELOAD协议栈的接入,将服务与实现完全分离,降低了系统各模块之间的耦合性,保证了用户终端和轻量级VoIP系统的稳定性和可扩展性,代表了未来以P2P技术为基础的VoIP应用终端的发展方向。
With the rapid development of Internet technology, the solutions for traditional VoIP applications have been very mature on both signaling and media part, but still can not get rid of the performance bottleneck and other problems caused by the centralized deployment server. The P2P technology has the capacities like strong self-organization, self-disaster recovery and dynamic load balancing which can solve the problems caused by the centralized deployment server. In order to have a better integration for VoIP and P2P technology, IETF P2P-SIP working group proposed the RELOAD protocol for resources location and discovery in P2P overlay. Compared with the traditional telecommunication VoIP system, the RELOAD protocol based light-weighted VoIP system is much stronger in self-organization and local dynamic load balancing capabilities, and have higher requirements on its user quipments. For this demand, this paper researches and implements one RELOAD protocol based light-weighted VoIP system user equipment. Compared with the traditional VoIP terminal, the light-weighted VoIP system user equipment not only supports all the basic functions like users management, instant message, friends management and audio/video multimedia session, but also supports the capacities of NAT traversal, core network dynamic perception and upgraded to the super nodes of P2P overlay.
In order to enable the user equipment access the light-weighted VoIP system normally, this paper researches the IETF RELOAD protocol to ensure the terminals have the function of resources location and discovery, includes the NAT traversal accomoplished by IETF ICE.Because the light-weighted VoIP system user quipment has the requirements of dynamic core network awareness and upgrading to the core network nodes,this paper focuses on the design and implementation of terminals upgrading strategies and basic flows, summed up the basic functional requirements and business processes of user equipments.Finally implements one user equipment for the RELOAD protocol based light-weighted VoIP system with the function of NAT traversal and client upgrading to super node,and the functional tests have been done in the laboratory.
The implementation of light-weighted VoIP system user equipment based on the open source SIP terminal called Jitsi,using Java OSGi as its service framework, completing the RELOAD protocol stack access by using JNI technology, making the service and implementation separated completely, reducing the coupling between the functional modules to ensure the stability and scalability of the user terminal and system.The user equipment of light-weighted VoIP system represents the development direction for the terminal of future P2P technology based VoIP system.
为了使用户终端能够正常接入轻量级VoIP系统,本文研究了IETF的RELOAD协议,保证用户终端具备资源定位和查找的基本功能,并利用ICE机制实现用户终端的NAT穿越。由于轻量级VoIP系统用户终端需要具备核心网动态感知和升级成为核心网节点的功能,本文重点设计并实现了用户终端升级成为P2P核心网节点的升级策略和基本流程,归纳出轻量级VoIP系统用户终端的基本功能需求和业务流程,完整实现了具备NAT穿越和升级功能的轻量级VoIP系统用户终端,并在实验室环境下完成了用户终端的功能测试。
轻量级VoIP系统用户终端以开源SIP终端Jitsi为基础,以Java OGSi为框架,同时使用JNI技术完成RELOAD协议栈的接入,将服务与实现完全分离,降低了系统各模块之间的耦合性,保证了用户终端和轻量级VoIP系统的稳定性和可扩展性,代表了未来以P2P技术为基础的VoIP应用终端的发展方向。
With the rapid development of Internet technology, the solutions for traditional VoIP applications have been very mature on both signaling and media part, but still can not get rid of the performance bottleneck and other problems caused by the centralized deployment server. The P2P technology has the capacities like strong self-organization, self-disaster recovery and dynamic load balancing which can solve the problems caused by the centralized deployment server. In order to have a better integration for VoIP and P2P technology, IETF P2P-SIP working group proposed the RELOAD protocol for resources location and discovery in P2P overlay. Compared with the traditional telecommunication VoIP system, the RELOAD protocol based light-weighted VoIP system is much stronger in self-organization and local dynamic load balancing capabilities, and have higher requirements on its user quipments. For this demand, this paper researches and implements one RELOAD protocol based light-weighted VoIP system user equipment. Compared with the traditional VoIP terminal, the light-weighted VoIP system user equipment not only supports all the basic functions like users management, instant message, friends management and audio/video multimedia session, but also supports the capacities of NAT traversal, core network dynamic perception and upgraded to the super nodes of P2P overlay.
In order to enable the user equipment access the light-weighted VoIP system normally, this paper researches the IETF RELOAD protocol to ensure the terminals have the function of resources location and discovery, includes the NAT traversal accomoplished by IETF ICE.Because the light-weighted VoIP system user quipment has the requirements of dynamic core network awareness and upgrading to the core network nodes,this paper focuses on the design and implementation of terminals upgrading strategies and basic flows, summed up the basic functional requirements and business processes of user equipments.Finally implements one user equipment for the RELOAD protocol based light-weighted VoIP system with the function of NAT traversal and client upgrading to super node,and the functional tests have been done in the laboratory.
The implementation of light-weighted VoIP system user equipment based on the open source SIP terminal called Jitsi,using Java OSGi as its service framework, completing the RELOAD protocol stack access by using JNI technology, making the service and implementation separated completely, reducing the coupling between the functional modules to ensure the stability and scalability of the user terminal and system.The user equipment of light-weighted VoIP system represents the development direction for the terminal of future P2P technology based VoIP system.
引文
[1]Goode, B. Voice Over Internet Protocol (VoIP)[J]. Proceedings of the IEEE,2002, Volume 90:1495-1517.
[2]新浪科技.详讯：微软将斥资85亿美元收购Skype [OL]. [2011-5-10]. http://tech.sina.com.cn/it/2011-05-10/12205503300.shtml
[3]ITU-T,2009. H.323:Packet-based multimedia communications systems[S]. ITU-T, 2009.
[4]Rosenberg, J., Schulzrinne, H., Camarillo, G,Johnston,A.,Peterson, J.,Sparks, R.,Handley, M., and E.Schooler,"SIP:Session Initiation Protocol",RFC 3261,June 2002.
[5]余春燕.基于P2P技术的VoIP系统研究与设计[D].北京：北京邮电大学,2010.
[6]Ralf Steinmetzk. P2P系统及其应用[M].王玲芳,陈焱.北京：人民邮电出版社,2008.
[7]维基百科Skype[OL]. http://zh.wikipedia.org/zh-cn/Skype
[8]陈明军Skype协议仿真技术及其应用研究[D].成都：电子科技大学,2009.
[9]Skype中文官方网站.Skype用户突破2.8亿[OL].http://news.skype.tom.com/index.html
[10]Poikselka, Georg Mayer. IMS:IP多媒体子系统概念与服务[M].望育梅,周胜.北京：机械工业出版社,2011.
[11]李鹏.中国移动发布分布式业务网络(DSN)技术白皮书：利用P2P技术引导下一代核心网发展[J].通信世界,2008,45：20.
[12]中国移动DSN白皮书暨P2P研讨会.分布式业务网络(DSN)技术白皮书V1.0[OL].http://labs.chinamobile.com/report/view_10386
[13]IETF SIMPLE工作组SIMPLE Working Group Charter[OL]. [2001-3-8]. http://datatracker.ietf.org/wg/simple/charter/
[14]陈世锋,基于P2P-SIP融合技术的VoIP系统设计研究[D].厦门：厦门大学,2009.
[15]David A. Bryan, Bruce B. Lowekamp, Cullen Jennings. SOSIMPLE:A Serverless, Standards-based, P2P SIP Communication System[J]. First International Workshop on Advanced Architectures and Algorithms for Internet Delivery and Applications (AAA-IDEA'05),2005:42-49.
[16]IETF P2PSIP工作组.P2PSIP Working Group Charter[OL]. [2007-2-9]. http://datatracker.ietf.org/wg/p2psip/charter/
[17]Jennings, C, Lowekamp, B., Rescorla, E., Baset, S., andH. Schulzrinne, "REsource LOcation And Discovery (RELOAD) Base Protocol", draft-ietf-p2psip-base-18 (work inprogress), August 2011.
[18]I. Stoica, R. Morris, D. Karger, M. F. Kaashoek, and H. Balakrishnan. Chord:A scalable peer-to-peer lookup service for internet applications. In Proceedings of ACM SIGCOMM 2001, pages 149-160. ACM Press,2001.
[19]Jennings, C, Lowekamp, B., Rescorla, E., Baset, S., andH. Schulzrinne, "A SIP Usage for RELOAD",draft-ietf-p2psip-sip-06 (work in progress), July 2011.
[20]吴新安.P2P与SIP融合及P2P-SIP终端设计与实现[D].武汉：华中科技大学,2006.
[21]Fielding, R., Gettys, J., Mogul, J., Frystyk, H.,Masinter, L., Leach, P., and T. Berners-Lee, "Hypertext Transfer Protocol-HTTP/1.1", RFC 2616, June 1999.
[22]Schulzrinne, H., Casner, S., Frederick, R. and V. Jacobson, "RTP:A Transport Protocol for Real-time Applications", RFC 3550, July 2003.
[23]Rosenberg, J., "Interactive Connectivity Establishment (ICE):A Protocol for Network Address Translator (NAT) Traversal for Offer/Answer Protocols", RFC 5245,April2010.
[24]Rosenberg, J., Mahy, R., Matthews, P., and D. Wing, "Session Traversal Utilities for NAT (STUN)", RFC 5389, October 2008.
[25]Mahy, R., Matthews, P., and J. Rosenberg, "Traversal Using Relays around NAT (TURN):Relay Extensions to Session Traversal Utilities for NAT (STUN)", RFC 5766, April 2010.
[26]Srisuresh, P. and M. Holdrege, "IP Network Address Translator (NAT) Terminology and Considerations", RFC 2663, August 1999.
[27]贾学锋,荆一楠,王雪平,高海锋.基于TCP协议的NAT穿越技术在P2P中的研究与实现[J].计算机应用与软件,2008, Volume25 (6):186-187.
[28]Jitsi终端.开源SIP终端Jitsi[OL]. https://jitsi.org/
[29]Bruce Eckel. Java编程思想(第五版)[M].陈昊鹏.北京：机械工业出版社,2007.
[30]林昊,曾宪杰.OSGi原理与最佳实践[M].北京：电子工业出版社,2009.
[31]Cay S. Horstmann, Gary Cornell. Java 2核心技术(卷Ⅱ)：高级特性[M].陈昊鹏,王浩,姚建平等.北京：机械工业出版社,2006.
[32]彭波.Java多媒体技术[M].北京：清华大学出版社,2005.
[33]Erich Gamma, Richard Helm, Ralph Johnson, John Vlissides.设计模式：可复用面向对象软件的基础[M].李英军,马晓星,蔡敏,刘建中等.北京：机械工业出版社,2000.
[2]新浪科技.详讯：微软将斥资85亿美元收购Skype [OL]. [2011-5-10]. http://tech.sina.com.cn/it/2011-05-10/12205503300.shtml
[3]ITU-T,2009. H.323:Packet-based multimedia communications systems[S]. ITU-T, 2009.
[4]Rosenberg, J., Schulzrinne, H., Camarillo, G,Johnston,A.,Peterson, J.,Sparks, R.,Handley, M., and E.Schooler,"SIP:Session Initiation Protocol",RFC 3261,June 2002.
[5]余春燕.基于P2P技术的VoIP系统研究与设计[D].北京：北京邮电大学,2010.
[6]Ralf Steinmetzk. P2P系统及其应用[M].王玲芳,陈焱.北京：人民邮电出版社,2008.
[7]维基百科Skype[OL]. http://zh.wikipedia.org/zh-cn/Skype
[8]陈明军Skype协议仿真技术及其应用研究[D].成都：电子科技大学,2009.
[9]Skype中文官方网站.Skype用户突破2.8亿[OL].http://news.skype.tom.com/index.html
[10]Poikselka, Georg Mayer. IMS:IP多媒体子系统概念与服务[M].望育梅,周胜.北京：机械工业出版社,2011.
[11]李鹏.中国移动发布分布式业务网络(DSN)技术白皮书：利用P2P技术引导下一代核心网发展[J].通信世界,2008,45：20.
[12]中国移动DSN白皮书暨P2P研讨会.分布式业务网络(DSN)技术白皮书V1.0[OL].http://labs.chinamobile.com/report/view_10386
[13]IETF SIMPLE工作组SIMPLE Working Group Charter[OL]. [2001-3-8]. http://datatracker.ietf.org/wg/simple/charter/
[14]陈世锋,基于P2P-SIP融合技术的VoIP系统设计研究[D].厦门：厦门大学,2009.
[15]David A. Bryan, Bruce B. Lowekamp, Cullen Jennings. SOSIMPLE:A Serverless, Standards-based, P2P SIP Communication System[J]. First International Workshop on Advanced Architectures and Algorithms for Internet Delivery and Applications (AAA-IDEA'05),2005:42-49.
[16]IETF P2PSIP工作组.P2PSIP Working Group Charter[OL]. [2007-2-9]. http://datatracker.ietf.org/wg/p2psip/charter/
[17]Jennings, C, Lowekamp, B., Rescorla, E., Baset, S., andH. Schulzrinne, "REsource LOcation And Discovery (RELOAD) Base Protocol", draft-ietf-p2psip-base-18 (work inprogress), August 2011.
[18]I. Stoica, R. Morris, D. Karger, M. F. Kaashoek, and H. Balakrishnan. Chord:A scalable peer-to-peer lookup service for internet applications. In Proceedings of ACM SIGCOMM 2001, pages 149-160. ACM Press,2001.
[19]Jennings, C, Lowekamp, B., Rescorla, E., Baset, S., andH. Schulzrinne, "A SIP Usage for RELOAD",draft-ietf-p2psip-sip-06 (work in progress), July 2011.
[20]吴新安.P2P与SIP融合及P2P-SIP终端设计与实现[D].武汉：华中科技大学,2006.
[21]Fielding, R., Gettys, J., Mogul, J., Frystyk, H.,Masinter, L., Leach, P., and T. Berners-Lee, "Hypertext Transfer Protocol-HTTP/1.1", RFC 2616, June 1999.
[22]Schulzrinne, H., Casner, S., Frederick, R. and V. Jacobson, "RTP:A Transport Protocol for Real-time Applications", RFC 3550, July 2003.
[23]Rosenberg, J., "Interactive Connectivity Establishment (ICE):A Protocol for Network Address Translator (NAT) Traversal for Offer/Answer Protocols", RFC 5245,April2010.
[24]Rosenberg, J., Mahy, R., Matthews, P., and D. Wing, "Session Traversal Utilities for NAT (STUN)", RFC 5389, October 2008.
[25]Mahy, R., Matthews, P., and J. Rosenberg, "Traversal Using Relays around NAT (TURN):Relay Extensions to Session Traversal Utilities for NAT (STUN)", RFC 5766, April 2010.
[26]Srisuresh, P. and M. Holdrege, "IP Network Address Translator (NAT) Terminology and Considerations", RFC 2663, August 1999.
[27]贾学锋,荆一楠,王雪平,高海锋.基于TCP协议的NAT穿越技术在P2P中的研究与实现[J].计算机应用与软件,2008, Volume25 (6):186-187.
[28]Jitsi终端.开源SIP终端Jitsi[OL]. https://jitsi.org/
[29]Bruce Eckel. Java编程思想(第五版)[M].陈昊鹏.北京：机械工业出版社,2007.
[30]林昊,曾宪杰.OSGi原理与最佳实践[M].北京：电子工业出版社,2009.
[31]Cay S. Horstmann, Gary Cornell. Java 2核心技术(卷Ⅱ)：高级特性[M].陈昊鹏,王浩,姚建平等.北京：机械工业出版社,2006.
[32]彭波.Java多媒体技术[M].北京：清华大学出版社,2005.
[33]Erich Gamma, Richard Helm, Ralph Johnson, John Vlissides.设计模式：可复用面向对象软件的基础[M].李英军,马晓星,蔡敏,刘建中等.北京：机械工业出版社,2000.