Web服务的研究及其在电子商务中的应用
摘要
Web Services是当今IT业界的关注热点。Web Services的主要目标就是在现有的各种异构平台的基础上构筑一个通用的与平台无关、语言无关的技术层，各种不同平台之上的应用依靠这个技术层来实施彼此的连接和集成。
本文在供应链管理(SCM)的订单处理模块的基础上，研讨Web Services的构架体系，提出了一个基于Web Services的商务开发模型；对SOAP消息的格式、传送处理过程，绑定框架和附件的处理进行了论述；对UDDI的数据模型进行了详细的描述，并说明了服务发布和查找的处理过程；描述了WSDL文档的类型，说明了WSDL文件的编写步骤，对WSDL文件中的各个元素与UDDI服务器中元素的映射关系进行了论述，并说明了如何把WSDL文件与SOAP、HTTP、MIME等协议进行绑定。本文提出的商务开发模型具有一定的独创性和先进性。
Web services are the focuses of IT fields today. The goal of Web Services is to provide a common technology layer which has no relation with languange and platform .The application of different platforms needs this technology layer to connect and integrate with each other.
On the basis of the purchase-order process module of SCM,this article discusses the architecture of Web Service and brings forward a practical e-business model based on Web Service. Then we analyze the format of SOAP message and explain how to process it,describe the binding framework of SOAP and the process of Attachment. After this,we discuss the data module of UDDI,the public and discovery of service. Finally,we discuss the type of WSDL ducument and how to write a WSDL file;explain the mapping relationship of the elements in WSDL file and UDDI service,how to bind the WSDL file with SOAP,HTTP,MIME protocols. Compared with the available research about B2B,our work,the e-business model based on Web Service,has some original and advanced character.
本文在供应链管理(SCM)的订单处理模块的基础上，研讨Web Services的构架体系，提出了一个基于Web Services的商务开发模型；对SOAP消息的格式、传送处理过程，绑定框架和附件的处理进行了论述；对UDDI的数据模型进行了详细的描述，并说明了服务发布和查找的处理过程；描述了WSDL文档的类型，说明了WSDL文件的编写步骤，对WSDL文件中的各个元素与UDDI服务器中元素的映射关系进行了论述，并说明了如何把WSDL文件与SOAP、HTTP、MIME等协议进行绑定。本文提出的商务开发模型具有一定的独创性和先进性。
Web services are the focuses of IT fields today. The goal of Web Services is to provide a common technology layer which has no relation with languange and platform .The application of different platforms needs this technology layer to connect and integrate with each other.
On the basis of the purchase-order process module of SCM,this article discusses the architecture of Web Service and brings forward a practical e-business model based on Web Service. Then we analyze the format of SOAP message and explain how to process it,describe the binding framework of SOAP and the process of Attachment. After this,we discuss the data module of UDDI,the public and discovery of service. Finally,we discuss the type of WSDL ducument and how to write a WSDL file;explain the mapping relationship of the elements in WSDL file and UDDI service,how to bind the WSDL file with SOAP,HTTP,MIME protocols. Compared with the available research about B2B,our work,the e-business model based on Web Service,has some original and advanced character.
引文
[1] Joshy Joseph. Handling attachments in SOAP, 2002/12/26 URL: http://www-900.ibm.com/developerWorks/cn/webserviccs/ws-soapatt
[2] W3C.org, XML Schema PartO:Primer, 2001/5/2, URL:http://www.w3.org/TR/xmlschema-0/
[3] W3C.XML Schema Part 1: Structures, org,2001/5/2, URL: http://www.w3.org/TR/xmlschema-1/
[4] W3C.org,SOAP Version 1.2 Part 0:Primer, 2000/12/17, URL:http://www.w3.org/TR/2001/WD-soap 12-part0-200112117/
[5] W3C.org,SOAP Version 1.2 Part 1:Messaging Framework, 2000/12/17, URL:http://www.w3.org/TR/2001/WD-soap 12-part 1-200112117/
[6] W3C.org,SOAP Version 1.2 Part 2:Adjuncts, 2000/12/17, URL:http://www. w3.org/TR/2001/WD-soap 12-part2-200112117/
[7] W3C.org, Web Services Description Language 1.1, 2000/3/15, URL:http://www.w3.org/TR/wsdl
[8] Bilal Siddiqui,WAP Monster, Deploying Web Services with WSDL, 2001/11 URL:http://www-106.ibm.com/developeworks/webservices/library/ws-intwsdl
[9] Nirrnal K, Mukhi,Web Service invocation sans SOAP. 2001/1 URL:http://www-106.ibm/developerworks/webservices/library/ws-intwsdl
[10] UDDI.org,Using WSDL in a UDDI Registry 1.06, 2001/11/30 URL:http://www.uddi.org/pubs/wsdlbestpractices-V1.06-Open-20011130.pdf
[11] UDDI.org, UDDI Executive White Paper, 2001/11/14 URL:http://www.uddi.org/pubs/UDDI_Executive_White_Paper, pdf
[12] UDDI.org, UDDI Technical White Paper, 2000/9/6 URL:http://www.uddi.org/pubs/Iru_UDDI_Technical_White_Paper, pdf
[13] UDDI.org, UDDI Version 2.0 Programmer's API Specification, 2001/6/8 URL:http://www.uddi.rog/pubs/ProgrmmersAPI-V2.00-Open-20010608.pdf
[14] UDDI.org, UDDI Version 2.0 Data Structure Specification, 2001/6/8 URL:http://www.uddi.org/pubs/DataStructure-V2.00-Open-20010608.pdf
[15] UDDI.org, UDDI Version 2.0 Replication Specification2001/06/08 URL:http://www.uddi.org/pubs/Replication-V2.00-Open-20010608.pdf
[16] UDDI.org, UDDI Version 2.0 Operator Specification, 2001/6/8 URL:http://www.uddi.org/pubs/Operators-V2.00-Open-20010608.pdf
[17] Peter Brittenham, Francisco Cubera, Dave Ehnebuske, Steve Graham, Understanding WSDL in a UDDI registry, Part 1,2001/9 URL: http://www-106. ibm.com/developerworks/webservices/library/ws-wsdl/
[18] Peter Brittenham, Understanding WSDL in a UDDI registry, Part 2,2001/9 URL: http://www-900.ibm.com/developerWorks/cn/webservices/ws-uwsdl/part2
[19] Dan Gisolfi,An introduction to dynamic e-business, 2001/3, URL:http://www-900.ibm.com/developerWorks/cn/webservices/ws-arc/part1
[20] Dan Gisolfi, Models for dynamic e-business, 2001/3
URL: http://www-900.ibm.com/developerWorks/cn/webservices/ws-arc/part2
[21] Dan Gisolfi. Fee-based Web services: Terminology. 2001/11, URL: http://www-9OO.ibm.com/developerWorks/cn/webservices/ws-arc/part4
[22] Jordi Albornoz, More WSDL and best practices, 2002/6, URL: http://www-106.ibm.com/developerworks/webservices/library
[23] Holt Adams, Dan Gisolfi, James Snell, Raghu Varadan, More intricacies of SOAP and WSDL, 2002/6 URL: http://www-106.ibm.com/developerworks/webservices/library
[24] Jordi Albornoz, Will my Web service work with your client, 2002/5 URL: http://www-106.ibm.com/developerworks/library/ws-stand1.html
[25] Holt Adams, Dan Gisolfi, James Snell, Raghu Varadan, Formation of a semantic framework, 2002/9, URL: http://www-106.ibm.com/developerworks/library
[26] Steve Burbeck, The evolution of Web applications into service-oriented components with Web services, URL: http://www-106.ibm.com/developerworks/webservices/library/ws-tao/
[27] Bilal Siddiqui, Deploying Web services with WSDL, Part 1, 2001/11, URL: http://www-900.ibm.com/developerWorks/cn/webservices/ws-intwsdl/part1
[28] Bilal Siddiqui, Deploying Web services with WSDL, Part 2, 2002/3, URL: http://www-900.ibm.com/developerWorks/cn/webservices/ws-intwsdl/part2
[29] Gavin Bong, Apache SOAP type mapping Part1, 2002/4, URL: http://www-900.ibm.com/developerWorks/cn/webservices/ws-soapmap/part1/
[30] Doug Davis, The Web services insider: Soapy decisions, 2001/8 URL: http://www-900.ibm.com/developerWorks/cn/webservices/ws-ref/ws-ref8/
[31] Frank Cohen, Understanding Web service interoperability, 2002/1 URL: http://www-900.ibm.com/developerWorks/cn/webservices/ws-inter
[32] Graham Glass,The Web services evolution, 2000/11 URL: http://www-900.ibm.com/developerWorks/cn/webservices/ws-peer2
[33] James Snell, Web services: Web services insider, Part 1, 2001/3 URL: http://www-900.ibm.com/developerWorks/cn/xml/ws-ref
[33] James Snell, Digging into the Issues:Reliability and transactions, 2001/11 URL: http://www-900.ibm.com/developerWorks/cn/webservices/ws-ref/ws-ref10/
[34] Jim Knutson, Heather Kreger, Web Services for J2EE, Version 1.0, 2002 URL: http://www-900.ibm.com/developerWorks/cn/webservices/ws-jsr109-proposed
[35] 李劲，电子商务的演变，2002/8 URL:http://www-900.ibm.com/developerWorks/cn/webservices/ws-debws
[36] 李劲，调用Web服务：第一部分，2002/10 URL: http://www-900.ibm.com/developerWorks/cn/webservices/ws-debws
[37] 李劲，调用Web服务：第二部分，2002/10 URL: http://www-900.ibm.com/developerWorks/cn/webservices/ws-debws
[38] 李劲，调用Web服务：第三部分，2002/10 URL: http://www-900.ibm.com/developerWorks/cn/webservices/ws-debws
[39] 李劲，调用Web服务：第四部分，2002/10 URL: http://www-900.ibm.com/developerWorks/cn/webservices/ws-debws
[40] 周竞涛，王明微，Web Services Vs EAI：比较与分析，URL: http: //www-900.ibm.com/developerWorks/cn/webservices/ws-wseai, 2002/12
[41] Joel Farrell, Web Services interoperability between the WebSphere and. Net platforms, URL: http://www-900.ibm.com/developerWorks/cn/webservices/ws-wasnet/,2001/8
[42] 柴晓路，SOAP应用模式：高级消息交换模式， URL: http://www-900.ibm.com/developerWorks/cn/xml/x-soapapp/part3,2002/7
[43] 柴晓路，SOAP应用模式：中间介，URL: hnp://www-900.ibm.com/developerWorks/cn/xml/x-soapapp/part2,2002/7
[44] 柴晓路，SOAP应用模式：基础与安全，URL:http://www-900.ibm.com/developerWorks/cn/xml/X-soapapp/partl,2002/7
[45] Paul Fremantle, Applying the Web Services invocation framework URL: http://www-900.ibm.com/developerWorks/cn/webservices/ws-appwsif,2002/1
[46] 周竞涛，王明微，XML Schema与XML DTD的技术比较与分析，URL: http://www-900.ibm.com/developerWorks/cn/webservices/ws-wseai, 2002/7
[47] Chandra Venkatapathy, Simon Holdsworth, An introduction to Web Services Gateway, URL: http://www-900.ibm.com/developerWorks/cn/webservices/ws-gateway/,2002/3
[48] IBM, Micrisoft, Security in a Web Services World URL: http://www-900.ibm.com/developerWorks/cn/webservices/ws-secmap,2002/3
[49] Nicholas Chase, Send and receive SOAP messages with JAXM, URL: http://www-900.ibm.com/developerWorks/cn/xml/tips/x-jaxmsoap
[50] 柴晓路，J2EE Vs．NET：对抗与整合的旋律，URL: http://www-900.ibm.com/developerWorks/cn/webservices/ws-J2EEvs.NET/,2002/4
[51] 柴晓路，认证考试申请服务，URL: http://www-900.ibm.com/developerWorks/cn/webservices/ws-casestudy/part2//,2002/4
[52] Anbazhagan Mani, Arun Nagarajan, Understanding quality of service for Web services, URL: http://www-900.ibm.com/developerWorks/cn/webservices/ws-quality
[53] 段智华，SOAP技术及其安全性研究，URL: http://www-900.ibm.com/developerWorks/cn/xml/x-soapsec
[54] 柴晓路，扩展SOAP能力的途径，URL:http://www-900.ibm.com/developerWorks/cn/xml/x-soapheader/.2001/10
[55] 柴晓路，ebXML、UDDI与XML/EDI比较，URL:http://www-900.ibm.com/developerWorks/cn/xml/x-compare.2001/8
[56] 柴晓路，EAI和Web服务-轻松进行企业应用集成，URL:http://www-900.ibm.com/develOperWorks/cn/webservices/ws-eai.2001/10
[57] 柴晓路，WS-Security和WS-License, URL: http://www-900.ibm.com/developerWorks/cn/webservices/ws-soapheadeXt.2001/12
[58] Frank Cohen, Performance testing SOAP-based applications
URL:http://www-900.ibm.com/developerWorks/cn/webservices/ws-testsoap,2001/11
[59] Natanya Pitts，徐晓梅、龚志祥、王晓云等译，XML技术内幕，机械工业出版社，2002．1
[60] Bill Brogden，高春蓉，岳阳等译，SOAP与Java编程指南，电子工业出版社，2002/5
[2] W3C.org, XML Schema PartO:Primer, 2001/5/2, URL:http://www.w3.org/TR/xmlschema-0/
[3] W3C.XML Schema Part 1: Structures, org,2001/5/2, URL: http://www.w3.org/TR/xmlschema-1/
[4] W3C.org,SOAP Version 1.2 Part 0:Primer, 2000/12/17, URL:http://www.w3.org/TR/2001/WD-soap 12-part0-200112117/
[5] W3C.org,SOAP Version 1.2 Part 1:Messaging Framework, 2000/12/17, URL:http://www.w3.org/TR/2001/WD-soap 12-part 1-200112117/
[6] W3C.org,SOAP Version 1.2 Part 2:Adjuncts, 2000/12/17, URL:http://www. w3.org/TR/2001/WD-soap 12-part2-200112117/
[7] W3C.org, Web Services Description Language 1.1, 2000/3/15, URL:http://www.w3.org/TR/wsdl
[8] Bilal Siddiqui,WAP Monster, Deploying Web Services with WSDL, 2001/11 URL:http://www-106.ibm.com/developeworks/webservices/library/ws-intwsdl
[9] Nirrnal K, Mukhi,Web Service invocation sans SOAP. 2001/1 URL:http://www-106.ibm/developerworks/webservices/library/ws-intwsdl
[10] UDDI.org,Using WSDL in a UDDI Registry 1.06, 2001/11/30 URL:http://www.uddi.org/pubs/wsdlbestpractices-V1.06-Open-20011130.pdf
[11] UDDI.org, UDDI Executive White Paper, 2001/11/14 URL:http://www.uddi.org/pubs/UDDI_Executive_White_Paper, pdf
[12] UDDI.org, UDDI Technical White Paper, 2000/9/6 URL:http://www.uddi.org/pubs/Iru_UDDI_Technical_White_Paper, pdf
[13] UDDI.org, UDDI Version 2.0 Programmer's API Specification, 2001/6/8 URL:http://www.uddi.rog/pubs/ProgrmmersAPI-V2.00-Open-20010608.pdf
[14] UDDI.org, UDDI Version 2.0 Data Structure Specification, 2001/6/8 URL:http://www.uddi.org/pubs/DataStructure-V2.00-Open-20010608.pdf
[15] UDDI.org, UDDI Version 2.0 Replication Specification2001/06/08 URL:http://www.uddi.org/pubs/Replication-V2.00-Open-20010608.pdf
[16] UDDI.org, UDDI Version 2.0 Operator Specification, 2001/6/8 URL:http://www.uddi.org/pubs/Operators-V2.00-Open-20010608.pdf
[17] Peter Brittenham, Francisco Cubera, Dave Ehnebuske, Steve Graham, Understanding WSDL in a UDDI registry, Part 1,2001/9 URL: http://www-106. ibm.com/developerworks/webservices/library/ws-wsdl/
[18] Peter Brittenham, Understanding WSDL in a UDDI registry, Part 2,2001/9 URL: http://www-900.ibm.com/developerWorks/cn/webservices/ws-uwsdl/part2
[19] Dan Gisolfi,An introduction to dynamic e-business, 2001/3, URL:http://www-900.ibm.com/developerWorks/cn/webservices/ws-arc/part1
[20] Dan Gisolfi, Models for dynamic e-business, 2001/3
URL: http://www-900.ibm.com/developerWorks/cn/webservices/ws-arc/part2
[21] Dan Gisolfi. Fee-based Web services: Terminology. 2001/11, URL: http://www-9OO.ibm.com/developerWorks/cn/webservices/ws-arc/part4
[22] Jordi Albornoz, More WSDL and best practices, 2002/6, URL: http://www-106.ibm.com/developerworks/webservices/library
[23] Holt Adams, Dan Gisolfi, James Snell, Raghu Varadan, More intricacies of SOAP and WSDL, 2002/6 URL: http://www-106.ibm.com/developerworks/webservices/library
[24] Jordi Albornoz, Will my Web service work with your client, 2002/5 URL: http://www-106.ibm.com/developerworks/library/ws-stand1.html
[25] Holt Adams, Dan Gisolfi, James Snell, Raghu Varadan, Formation of a semantic framework, 2002/9, URL: http://www-106.ibm.com/developerworks/library
[26] Steve Burbeck, The evolution of Web applications into service-oriented components with Web services, URL: http://www-106.ibm.com/developerworks/webservices/library/ws-tao/
[27] Bilal Siddiqui, Deploying Web services with WSDL, Part 1, 2001/11, URL: http://www-900.ibm.com/developerWorks/cn/webservices/ws-intwsdl/part1
[28] Bilal Siddiqui, Deploying Web services with WSDL, Part 2, 2002/3, URL: http://www-900.ibm.com/developerWorks/cn/webservices/ws-intwsdl/part2
[29] Gavin Bong, Apache SOAP type mapping Part1, 2002/4, URL: http://www-900.ibm.com/developerWorks/cn/webservices/ws-soapmap/part1/
[30] Doug Davis, The Web services insider: Soapy decisions, 2001/8 URL: http://www-900.ibm.com/developerWorks/cn/webservices/ws-ref/ws-ref8/
[31] Frank Cohen, Understanding Web service interoperability, 2002/1 URL: http://www-900.ibm.com/developerWorks/cn/webservices/ws-inter
[32] Graham Glass,The Web services evolution, 2000/11 URL: http://www-900.ibm.com/developerWorks/cn/webservices/ws-peer2
[33] James Snell, Web services: Web services insider, Part 1, 2001/3 URL: http://www-900.ibm.com/developerWorks/cn/xml/ws-ref
[33] James Snell, Digging into the Issues:Reliability and transactions, 2001/11 URL: http://www-900.ibm.com/developerWorks/cn/webservices/ws-ref/ws-ref10/
[34] Jim Knutson, Heather Kreger, Web Services for J2EE, Version 1.0, 2002 URL: http://www-900.ibm.com/developerWorks/cn/webservices/ws-jsr109-proposed
[35] 李劲，电子商务的演变，2002/8 URL:http://www-900.ibm.com/developerWorks/cn/webservices/ws-debws
[36] 李劲，调用Web服务：第一部分，2002/10 URL: http://www-900.ibm.com/developerWorks/cn/webservices/ws-debws
[37] 李劲，调用Web服务：第二部分，2002/10 URL: http://www-900.ibm.com/developerWorks/cn/webservices/ws-debws
[38] 李劲，调用Web服务：第三部分，2002/10 URL: http://www-900.ibm.com/developerWorks/cn/webservices/ws-debws
[39] 李劲，调用Web服务：第四部分，2002/10 URL: http://www-900.ibm.com/developerWorks/cn/webservices/ws-debws
[40] 周竞涛，王明微，Web Services Vs EAI：比较与分析，URL: http: //www-900.ibm.com/developerWorks/cn/webservices/ws-wseai, 2002/12
[41] Joel Farrell, Web Services interoperability between the WebSphere and. Net platforms, URL: http://www-900.ibm.com/developerWorks/cn/webservices/ws-wasnet/,2001/8
[42] 柴晓路，SOAP应用模式：高级消息交换模式， URL: http://www-900.ibm.com/developerWorks/cn/xml/x-soapapp/part3,2002/7
[43] 柴晓路，SOAP应用模式：中间介，URL: hnp://www-900.ibm.com/developerWorks/cn/xml/x-soapapp/part2,2002/7
[44] 柴晓路，SOAP应用模式：基础与安全，URL:http://www-900.ibm.com/developerWorks/cn/xml/X-soapapp/partl,2002/7
[45] Paul Fremantle, Applying the Web Services invocation framework URL: http://www-900.ibm.com/developerWorks/cn/webservices/ws-appwsif,2002/1
[46] 周竞涛，王明微，XML Schema与XML DTD的技术比较与分析，URL: http://www-900.ibm.com/developerWorks/cn/webservices/ws-wseai, 2002/7
[47] Chandra Venkatapathy, Simon Holdsworth, An introduction to Web Services Gateway, URL: http://www-900.ibm.com/developerWorks/cn/webservices/ws-gateway/,2002/3
[48] IBM, Micrisoft, Security in a Web Services World URL: http://www-900.ibm.com/developerWorks/cn/webservices/ws-secmap,2002/3
[49] Nicholas Chase, Send and receive SOAP messages with JAXM, URL: http://www-900.ibm.com/developerWorks/cn/xml/tips/x-jaxmsoap
[50] 柴晓路，J2EE Vs．NET：对抗与整合的旋律，URL: http://www-900.ibm.com/developerWorks/cn/webservices/ws-J2EEvs.NET/,2002/4
[51] 柴晓路，认证考试申请服务，URL: http://www-900.ibm.com/developerWorks/cn/webservices/ws-casestudy/part2//,2002/4
[52] Anbazhagan Mani, Arun Nagarajan, Understanding quality of service for Web services, URL: http://www-900.ibm.com/developerWorks/cn/webservices/ws-quality
[53] 段智华，SOAP技术及其安全性研究，URL: http://www-900.ibm.com/developerWorks/cn/xml/x-soapsec
[54] 柴晓路，扩展SOAP能力的途径，URL:http://www-900.ibm.com/developerWorks/cn/xml/x-soapheader/.2001/10
[55] 柴晓路，ebXML、UDDI与XML/EDI比较，URL:http://www-900.ibm.com/developerWorks/cn/xml/x-compare.2001/8
[56] 柴晓路，EAI和Web服务-轻松进行企业应用集成，URL:http://www-900.ibm.com/develOperWorks/cn/webservices/ws-eai.2001/10
[57] 柴晓路，WS-Security和WS-License, URL: http://www-900.ibm.com/developerWorks/cn/webservices/ws-soapheadeXt.2001/12
[58] Frank Cohen, Performance testing SOAP-based applications
URL:http://www-900.ibm.com/developerWorks/cn/webservices/ws-testsoap,2001/11
[59] Natanya Pitts，徐晓梅、龚志祥、王晓云等译，XML技术内幕，机械工业出版社，2002．1
[60] Bill Brogden，高春蓉，岳阳等译，SOAP与Java编程指南，电子工业出版社，2002/5