消息中间件在Web服务中的应用及面向Web服务的消息中间件设计
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摘要
Web服务(Web Services)作为一种能够快速集成应用的技术，代表了分布式计算的最新潮流，具有广阔的应用前景。不过，由于Web服务推出的时间还较短，很多方面还有待完善。Web服务体系结构的本质是应用程序通过智能消息交换相互集成的方法，而由于目前在Web服务中广泛采用的是同步、无服务质量保证的HTTP传输协议，不能对企业以异步传输和高可靠性为特征的复杂应用提供支持，因此大大地降低了Web服务在许多大型关键企业应用领域的竞争力。
本论文以企业Web服务对异步、可靠消息交换的需求为研究背景，主要做了两方面的工作。首先，通过引入业界支持异步可靠消息通信的优秀技术---面向消息的中间件，研究和深入探讨了将面向消息的中间件与Web服务组合来实现异步可靠Web服务的方法。接着，通过分析传统的消息中间件在扩展到Internet环境的不足，本文设计和实现了一个面向Web服务的轻量级消息中间件WSMOM原型系统。WSMOM的消息格式采用了Internet上通用的数据交换格式XML；基于JAAS技术，WSMOM实现了安全Web通信所需的身份验证与访问控制机制；针对Web服务松散耦合的特点，WSMOM实现了灵活的基于内容的发布／订阅通信模型，对其消息延迟的测试结果表明，它能支持实时和可靠消息通信。文中最后还分析了利用Apache Axis传输框架来实现WSMOM与SOAP绑定的方案。
As a kind of technology capable of quickly integrating applications, Web Services has represented itself as the latest tide with wide potential prospect in distributed compute field. However, for the time that Web Services technology puts out is still relatively short, there are many respects remaining unripe. The Web services architecture is, at its core, a way for applications to integrate with one another through the intelligent interchange of messages. But presently the widely used transport protocol in Web Services is HTTP , which is synchronous and doesn't offer quality of service(QOS) guarantee. This is not good for those sophisticated business applications characteristic of asynchronous message transmission and high reliability, and therefore embarrasses Web Services competition on the large-scale and key applications domain.
This thesis is motivated by the observation that enterprise applications necessarily need asynchronous and reliable messaging mechanism when adopting Web Service technology. The primary contributions of the paper contain the following two parts. Firstly, we
present solutions for asynchronous reliable Web Services by introducing Messaging Middleware(message-oriented middleware, MOM) technology, which is an excellent technology supporting asynchronous and reliable message transmission among applications .In the paper, We study and deeply explore the ways of using MOM to implement asynchronous reliable Web Services by combining them. Secondly, after analyzing the traditional MOM's disadvantages in expanding to Internet environment, We design and implement a lightweight Web Service-Oriented MOM prototype system named WSMOM.. The message format in WSMOM is XML, which is the universal data exchanging format via Internet. Based on JAAS technology, WSMOM implements authentication and access control mechanism, which is necessary for application communicating in security in Web environment. Furthermore, to cater for loosely coupling , the dominating character of Web Services, WSMOM fulfills a very flexible content-based publish/subscribe communication model. Our performa
nce test shows that it supports real-time and reliable communication among the publishers and subscribers. The implementation of WSMOM binding SOAP using the Apache Axis's transport framework is discussed at last in the thesis.
本论文以企业Web服务对异步、可靠消息交换的需求为研究背景，主要做了两方面的工作。首先，通过引入业界支持异步可靠消息通信的优秀技术---面向消息的中间件，研究和深入探讨了将面向消息的中间件与Web服务组合来实现异步可靠Web服务的方法。接着，通过分析传统的消息中间件在扩展到Internet环境的不足，本文设计和实现了一个面向Web服务的轻量级消息中间件WSMOM原型系统。WSMOM的消息格式采用了Internet上通用的数据交换格式XML；基于JAAS技术，WSMOM实现了安全Web通信所需的身份验证与访问控制机制；针对Web服务松散耦合的特点，WSMOM实现了灵活的基于内容的发布／订阅通信模型，对其消息延迟的测试结果表明，它能支持实时和可靠消息通信。文中最后还分析了利用Apache Axis传输框架来实现WSMOM与SOAP绑定的方案。
As a kind of technology capable of quickly integrating applications, Web Services has represented itself as the latest tide with wide potential prospect in distributed compute field. However, for the time that Web Services technology puts out is still relatively short, there are many respects remaining unripe. The Web services architecture is, at its core, a way for applications to integrate with one another through the intelligent interchange of messages. But presently the widely used transport protocol in Web Services is HTTP , which is synchronous and doesn't offer quality of service(QOS) guarantee. This is not good for those sophisticated business applications characteristic of asynchronous message transmission and high reliability, and therefore embarrasses Web Services competition on the large-scale and key applications domain.
This thesis is motivated by the observation that enterprise applications necessarily need asynchronous and reliable messaging mechanism when adopting Web Service technology. The primary contributions of the paper contain the following two parts. Firstly, we
present solutions for asynchronous reliable Web Services by introducing Messaging Middleware(message-oriented middleware, MOM) technology, which is an excellent technology supporting asynchronous and reliable message transmission among applications .In the paper, We study and deeply explore the ways of using MOM to implement asynchronous reliable Web Services by combining them. Secondly, after analyzing the traditional MOM's disadvantages in expanding to Internet environment, We design and implement a lightweight Web Service-Oriented MOM prototype system named WSMOM.. The message format in WSMOM is XML, which is the universal data exchanging format via Internet. Based on JAAS technology, WSMOM implements authentication and access control mechanism, which is necessary for application communicating in security in Web environment. Furthermore, to cater for loosely coupling , the dominating character of Web Services, WSMOM fulfills a very flexible content-based publish/subscribe communication model. Our performa
nce test shows that it supports real-time and reliable communication among the publishers and subscribers. The implementation of WSMOM binding SOAP using the Apache Axis's transport framework is discussed at last in the thesis.
引文
[1] 刘绍华，信息技术与业务流程的融合—业务流程管理技术纵览，计算机世界报，2003(30)，B5～B6．
[2] James Snell，Web服务内幕，第10部分：深入主题：可靠性和事务，2001，http://www-9OO.ibm.com/developerWorks/cn/webservices/ws-ref10/index.shtml
[3] [美]Mack Hendricks，Ben Galbraith等著，卢刚，高春荣，朱军等译，《Java Web服务编程指南》，北京：电子工业出版社，2002．，11～14。
[4] Carol Anderson, Alison Brandt, Haydee Hemandez et. al。Every DAD needs a MOM—The Message Oriented Middleware Consortium, 1997, http://www.sirns.berkeley.edu/courses/is206/f97/GroupB/mom/
[5] Markku Korhonen, Message Oriented Middleware(MOM), 1997,http://www.tml.hut.fi/Opinnot/Tik-110.551/1997/mqs.htm
[6] Colleen Evans,Dave Chappell,Doug Dunting et.al. Web Services Reliability(WS-Reliability)Ver 1.0,2003, http://otn.oracle.com/tech/webservices/htdocs/spec/WS-ReliabilityV1.0.pdf
[7] Ruslan Bilorusets, Adam Bosworth, Don Box et.al, Web Services Reliable Messaging Protocol (WS-ReliableMessaging), 2004,ftp://www6.software.ibm.com/software/developer/library/ws-reliablemessaging200403.pdf
[8] A.Banks,J.Challenger P.Clarke, D.Davis et.al, HTTPR Specification, 2001,http://www.omg.org/news/meetings/workshops/presentations/WebServices_2002/06-4-Final-Prism_Web_Services_Messaging.pdf
[9] Apache Axis 主页：http://ws.apache.org/axis/
[10] Jorgen Thelin, PJ Murray. Web Services Messaging Strategy:A comprehensive strategy for integration of MOM (Message-Oriented Middleware) with Cape Clear's Web Services., 2002, Cape Clear Software白皮书
[11] JAXM: http://java.sun.com/xml/jaxm/index.jsp
[12] IBM: MQSeries主页, http://www-3.ibm.com/software/ts/mqseries/.
[13] BEA clink 主页, http://www.beasys.com/framework.jsp?CNT=index.htm&FP=/content/products/clink
[14] 东方通科技，TongLink／Q概念与体系结构—东方通科技中间件技术白皮书(1)，http://www.tongtech.com/pdf/TongLINKQ.pdf
[15] Sun Microsystems, JMS Tutorial, http://java.sun.com/products/jms/tutorial/1_3_1-fcs/doc/jms_tutorialTOC.html
[16] Progress SonicMQ解决方案，http://www.huihoo.com/middleware/sonicmq/sonicmq.html
[17] Jboss主页，http://www.jboss.org/
[18] W3C Working Group: Wb Services Architecture, 2002, http://www.w3.org/TR/ws-arch/
[19] 柴晓路著。Web服务架构与开放互操作技术。北京：清华大学出版社，2002，12～237
[20] [美]Didier Martin等著，李喆，严春莹，马琳等译。XML高级编程，北京：机械工业出版社，2001，1～494
[21] [美]Brett McLaughlin著，孙兆林，汪东，王鹏等译，JAVA与XML，北京：中国电力出版社，2001，1～36．
[22] [美]H. M. Deitel, P. J. Deitel等蓍，康博 译，XML编程技术大全，清华大学出版社，2002，163～282
[23] W3C Working Group, SOAP Specification: http://www.w3.org/TR/SOAP/
[24] W3C Working Group, WSDL Specification. http://www.w3.org/2002/ws/desc/
[25] 应用中坚—IBM谈中间件，软件世界，1999(3)，43～44
[26] 灰狐动力网站，中间件技术总汇，http://www.huihoo.com/document/middleware.html
[27] 谷和启。J2EE中间件集成企业应用，2003，http://school.ccidnet.com/pub/article/c1078_a40909_p1.html
[28] IBM对消息中间件关键性技术的介绍，1994，http://publibfp.boulder.ibm.com/cgi-bin/bookmgr/BOOKS/HORAA202/CONTENTS?SHELF=csqash05&DT=19941024124943#2.2.11
[29] Ying Lu,Beth Plale. Survey of Publish Subscribe Event Systems. Technical Report 574,epartment of Computer Science(CSCI), Indiana University, 2003, http://www.cs.indiana.edu/Research/techreports
[30] P.th.Eugster, p.Felber, R.Guerraoui, A.-M.Kermarrec: The many Faces of Publish/Subscribe. ACM Computing Surveys(CSUR), 2003,volume 35, Issue 2.
[31] Object Management Group, CORBAServices: Common Object Services Specification-chapter 4: Event Service Specification, 1995.
[32] M.K.Aguilera, R.E.Storm, D.C.Sturman, M.Astley, T.D.Chandra: Matching Events in a content-based subscription Systems. In Eighteenth ACM Symposium on principles of Distributed Computing(PODC'99), 1999
[33] Alexis, Sagar Chaki, Edmund Clarke, Somesh Jha et.al, Efficient Filtering in Publish-Subscribe Systems Using Binary Decision Diagrams, 2001, ICSE
[34] [美]Mark Hapner, Rich Burridge等著，康 博等译，《Java消息服务API参考指南—J2EE平台的消息传递》，北京：清华大学出版社，2002，6～16
[35] Naveen Balani．，用Axis编写JMS应用程序，2003，http://www-900.cn.ibm.com/developerWorks/cn
[36] M. Narayanan, Srivathsa T. V.。用于异步Web服务的方法：设计消息传递可选方案分析，2003.www-900.cn.ibm.com/developerWorks/cn
[37] Apache Axis中的JMS包, http://ws.apache.org/axis/java/apiDocs/org/apache/axis/transport/jms/package-summary.html
[38] M.Erzberger, J.Thelin, JMS and Web Services—Two complementary Standards.,. 2002, http://www.softwired-inc.com,
[39] Cortex项目：Web服务的可靠消息发送，Cortex项目技术白皮书。2002，http://gceclub.sun.com.cn.
[40] 李劲，动态电子商务的Web服务：调用Web服务，www-900.cn.ibm.com/developerWorks/cn.2002
[41] WSIF主页, http://ws.apache.org/wsif/
[42] D. K onig, M. Kloppmann, F. Leymann et. al。Web Services Invocation Framework:A step towards virtualizing components. 2003, In Procs. XMIDX 2003
[43] WSDL JMS Extension, http://ws.apache.org/wsif/providers/wsdl_extensions/jms_extension.html
[44] Bob McWhirter, Introduction to Xpath in Java using Jaxen. http://jaxen.org/
[45] Massimiliano Bigatti, Using xPath with SOAP, http://webservices.xml.com/lpt/a/ws/2003/09/16/jaxen.html
[46] JAAS 1.0 Developer's Guide, http://java.sun.com/security/jaas/doc/api.html
[47] 徐迎晓，《Java安全性编程实例》。北京：清华大学出版社，2003，362～456
[48] 飞思科技产品研发中心 编著，精通Jbuilder 9，北京：电子工业出版社，2003，87～459
[2] James Snell，Web服务内幕，第10部分：深入主题：可靠性和事务，2001，http://www-9OO.ibm.com/developerWorks/cn/webservices/ws-ref10/index.shtml
[3] [美]Mack Hendricks，Ben Galbraith等著，卢刚，高春荣，朱军等译，《Java Web服务编程指南》，北京：电子工业出版社，2002．，11～14。
[4] Carol Anderson, Alison Brandt, Haydee Hemandez et. al。Every DAD needs a MOM—The Message Oriented Middleware Consortium, 1997, http://www.sirns.berkeley.edu/courses/is206/f97/GroupB/mom/
[5] Markku Korhonen, Message Oriented Middleware(MOM), 1997,http://www.tml.hut.fi/Opinnot/Tik-110.551/1997/mqs.htm
[6] Colleen Evans,Dave Chappell,Doug Dunting et.al. Web Services Reliability(WS-Reliability)Ver 1.0,2003, http://otn.oracle.com/tech/webservices/htdocs/spec/WS-ReliabilityV1.0.pdf
[7] Ruslan Bilorusets, Adam Bosworth, Don Box et.al, Web Services Reliable Messaging Protocol (WS-ReliableMessaging), 2004,ftp://www6.software.ibm.com/software/developer/library/ws-reliablemessaging200403.pdf
[8] A.Banks,J.Challenger P.Clarke, D.Davis et.al, HTTPR Specification, 2001,http://www.omg.org/news/meetings/workshops/presentations/WebServices_2002/06-4-Final-Prism_Web_Services_Messaging.pdf
[9] Apache Axis 主页：http://ws.apache.org/axis/
[10] Jorgen Thelin, PJ Murray. Web Services Messaging Strategy:A comprehensive strategy for integration of MOM (Message-Oriented Middleware) with Cape Clear's Web Services., 2002, Cape Clear Software白皮书
[11] JAXM: http://java.sun.com/xml/jaxm/index.jsp
[12] IBM: MQSeries主页, http://www-3.ibm.com/software/ts/mqseries/.
[13] BEA clink 主页, http://www.beasys.com/framework.jsp?CNT=index.htm&FP=/content/products/clink
[14] 东方通科技，TongLink／Q概念与体系结构—东方通科技中间件技术白皮书(1)，http://www.tongtech.com/pdf/TongLINKQ.pdf
[15] Sun Microsystems, JMS Tutorial, http://java.sun.com/products/jms/tutorial/1_3_1-fcs/doc/jms_tutorialTOC.html
[16] Progress SonicMQ解决方案，http://www.huihoo.com/middleware/sonicmq/sonicmq.html
[17] Jboss主页，http://www.jboss.org/
[18] W3C Working Group: Wb Services Architecture, 2002, http://www.w3.org/TR/ws-arch/
[19] 柴晓路著。Web服务架构与开放互操作技术。北京：清华大学出版社，2002，12～237
[20] [美]Didier Martin等著，李喆，严春莹，马琳等译。XML高级编程，北京：机械工业出版社，2001，1～494
[21] [美]Brett McLaughlin著，孙兆林，汪东，王鹏等译，JAVA与XML，北京：中国电力出版社，2001，1～36．
[22] [美]H. M. Deitel, P. J. Deitel等蓍，康博 译，XML编程技术大全，清华大学出版社，2002，163～282
[23] W3C Working Group, SOAP Specification: http://www.w3.org/TR/SOAP/
[24] W3C Working Group, WSDL Specification. http://www.w3.org/2002/ws/desc/
[25] 应用中坚—IBM谈中间件，软件世界，1999(3)，43～44
[26] 灰狐动力网站，中间件技术总汇，http://www.huihoo.com/document/middleware.html
[27] 谷和启。J2EE中间件集成企业应用，2003，http://school.ccidnet.com/pub/article/c1078_a40909_p1.html
[28] IBM对消息中间件关键性技术的介绍，1994，http://publibfp.boulder.ibm.com/cgi-bin/bookmgr/BOOKS/HORAA202/CONTENTS?SHELF=csqash05&DT=19941024124943#2.2.11
[29] Ying Lu,Beth Plale. Survey of Publish Subscribe Event Systems. Technical Report 574,epartment of Computer Science(CSCI), Indiana University, 2003, http://www.cs.indiana.edu/Research/techreports
[30] P.th.Eugster, p.Felber, R.Guerraoui, A.-M.Kermarrec: The many Faces of Publish/Subscribe. ACM Computing Surveys(CSUR), 2003,volume 35, Issue 2.
[31] Object Management Group, CORBAServices: Common Object Services Specification-chapter 4: Event Service Specification, 1995.
[32] M.K.Aguilera, R.E.Storm, D.C.Sturman, M.Astley, T.D.Chandra: Matching Events in a content-based subscription Systems. In Eighteenth ACM Symposium on principles of Distributed Computing(PODC'99), 1999
[33] Alexis, Sagar Chaki, Edmund Clarke, Somesh Jha et.al, Efficient Filtering in Publish-Subscribe Systems Using Binary Decision Diagrams, 2001, ICSE
[34] [美]Mark Hapner, Rich Burridge等著，康 博等译，《Java消息服务API参考指南—J2EE平台的消息传递》，北京：清华大学出版社，2002，6～16
[35] Naveen Balani．，用Axis编写JMS应用程序，2003，http://www-900.cn.ibm.com/developerWorks/cn
[36] M. Narayanan, Srivathsa T. V.。用于异步Web服务的方法：设计消息传递可选方案分析，2003.www-900.cn.ibm.com/developerWorks/cn
[37] Apache Axis中的JMS包, http://ws.apache.org/axis/java/apiDocs/org/apache/axis/transport/jms/package-summary.html
[38] M.Erzberger, J.Thelin, JMS and Web Services—Two complementary Standards.,. 2002, http://www.softwired-inc.com,
[39] Cortex项目：Web服务的可靠消息发送，Cortex项目技术白皮书。2002，http://gceclub.sun.com.cn.
[40] 李劲，动态电子商务的Web服务：调用Web服务，www-900.cn.ibm.com/developerWorks/cn.2002
[41] WSIF主页, http://ws.apache.org/wsif/
[42] D. K onig, M. Kloppmann, F. Leymann et. al。Web Services Invocation Framework:A step towards virtualizing components. 2003, In Procs. XMIDX 2003
[43] WSDL JMS Extension, http://ws.apache.org/wsif/providers/wsdl_extensions/jms_extension.html
[44] Bob McWhirter, Introduction to Xpath in Java using Jaxen. http://jaxen.org/
[45] Massimiliano Bigatti, Using xPath with SOAP, http://webservices.xml.com/lpt/a/ws/2003/09/16/jaxen.html
[46] JAAS 1.0 Developer's Guide, http://java.sun.com/security/jaas/doc/api.html
[47] 徐迎晓，《Java安全性编程实例》。北京：清华大学出版社，2003，362～456
[48] 飞思科技产品研发中心 编著，精通Jbuilder 9，北京：电子工业出版社，2003，87～459