基于ZigBee的嵌入式医疗输液监控系统的研究
摘要
目前我国的大多数医院特别是中小型医院进行输液治疗时,仍采用传统的人工监护方法。输液速度由护士对滴流进行目测计数,通过转动滑轮来调节,在输液过程中,陪同人员必须时刻观察储液状态,当药液输完,及时通知值班护士换瓶或拔针。显然,肉眼观察输液速度,通常很不方便,而且输液速度是一个重要的参数,不同的药品有不同输液速度要求,如果输液速度不准确将会影响预期治疗的效果。除此之外,人工监护还容易出现输液异常,输液完毕不能及时发现等情况,这些因素都是病人生命安全的隐患。
本文针对上述问题提出了一种由ZigBee技术和嵌入技术相结合的远程输液监控系统设计方案。该系统由一个监控中心和多个监控终端组成。监控终端完成输液数据的采集,并以无线传输的方式发送到监控中心。监控中心可以同时显示多个床位病人的输液信息,当病人输液发生异常或输液完毕时,能够及时报警,提醒护士进行处理。ZigBee具有低成本、低功耗以及组网简单的显著优势,因此非常适合在该领域应用。监控主机是基于ARM9的嵌入式平台,使用Windows CE操作系统,它提供了友好的人机操作界面。
本文在理论方面对目前常用输液监控技术作了比较,概述了ZigBee无线通信技术,并对ZigBee协议栈的分层模型进行了分析。在硬件设计方面先阐述了ZigBee无线收发器以及相关接口电路的设计,然后介绍了抗干扰输液监控电路的设计方法,最后对监控终端人机交互功能模块作了精心的设计。在软件设计方面先对系统节点软件各功能模块进行了设计,主要包括ZigBee无线组网,监控终端数据采集及处理,键盘和LCD显示等;而后详细阐述了监控主机的软件设计,包括Windows CE操作系统定制与移植,SPI驱动程序及监控中心应用软件的设计。本文最后对系统各方面的性能作了测试,测试结果表明系统设计达到了预期指标,满足实际应用的要求。
Medical transfusion in China, especially in middle or small hospital, is still taken by man-monitor. The nurse counts liquid drop by eyes and regulates the speed of transfusion by turning the pulley, the accompany must observe the situation with the transfusion going, then inform the nurse to change bottle or withdraw needle after it finished. Apparently, it is not convenient to observe the speed of liquid drop by eyes. However, the speed of transfusion is a crucial parameter, different medicine requests different speed, whose inaccuracy would affect the expecting result. Besides, by man-monitor, transfusion abnormality, the end of transfusion without detecting in time and so on occurs easily, these factors are the hidden danger for the life safe of the patient.
The paper proposed a remote medical transfusion monitoring system, with the combination of ZigBee and embedded technology, which is made of one observation center and several terminals. The job of terminals is to collect the data of transfusion, and then send them to observation center by wireless transmission. The observation center would show the information of transfusion for many patients simultaneously, and give alarm in time when abnormality happened or transfusion finished, to the nurses. ZigBee whose apparent advantages include low cost, low energy and simple composition of network, so it is suitable for application in this field. The observation host is the ARM9 embedded platform, we used Windows CE operation system, so it gives a friendly operation interface.
Theoretically, we compared with the present common transfusion monitoring techniques, outlined the ZigBee wireless communication technology, and analyzed the layer model of ZigBee protocol. Moreover, in hardware design, we elaborated the aspects of ZigBee wireless transmitter and related design of interface circuit, also we introduced the design method of anti-interference monitor circuit, and the design of the man-machine interface circuit of the monitor terminal. Furthermore, in software design, we introduced the design of functional modules of system node, including software of the composition of ZigBee network, collection and transaction of terminal data, keyboard, LCD display and so on. Also, we detailed software design of observation host, involving customization and transplantation of Windows CE operation system, SPI drivers and application software design of observation center. Finally, a test had been taken on functions of different aspects of the system, whose result demonstrated the system was up to the expected target, and met the requirements of practical application.
本文针对上述问题提出了一种由ZigBee技术和嵌入技术相结合的远程输液监控系统设计方案。该系统由一个监控中心和多个监控终端组成。监控终端完成输液数据的采集,并以无线传输的方式发送到监控中心。监控中心可以同时显示多个床位病人的输液信息,当病人输液发生异常或输液完毕时,能够及时报警,提醒护士进行处理。ZigBee具有低成本、低功耗以及组网简单的显著优势,因此非常适合在该领域应用。监控主机是基于ARM9的嵌入式平台,使用Windows CE操作系统,它提供了友好的人机操作界面。
本文在理论方面对目前常用输液监控技术作了比较,概述了ZigBee无线通信技术,并对ZigBee协议栈的分层模型进行了分析。在硬件设计方面先阐述了ZigBee无线收发器以及相关接口电路的设计,然后介绍了抗干扰输液监控电路的设计方法,最后对监控终端人机交互功能模块作了精心的设计。在软件设计方面先对系统节点软件各功能模块进行了设计,主要包括ZigBee无线组网,监控终端数据采集及处理,键盘和LCD显示等;而后详细阐述了监控主机的软件设计,包括Windows CE操作系统定制与移植,SPI驱动程序及监控中心应用软件的设计。本文最后对系统各方面的性能作了测试,测试结果表明系统设计达到了预期指标,满足实际应用的要求。
Medical transfusion in China, especially in middle or small hospital, is still taken by man-monitor. The nurse counts liquid drop by eyes and regulates the speed of transfusion by turning the pulley, the accompany must observe the situation with the transfusion going, then inform the nurse to change bottle or withdraw needle after it finished. Apparently, it is not convenient to observe the speed of liquid drop by eyes. However, the speed of transfusion is a crucial parameter, different medicine requests different speed, whose inaccuracy would affect the expecting result. Besides, by man-monitor, transfusion abnormality, the end of transfusion without detecting in time and so on occurs easily, these factors are the hidden danger for the life safe of the patient.
The paper proposed a remote medical transfusion monitoring system, with the combination of ZigBee and embedded technology, which is made of one observation center and several terminals. The job of terminals is to collect the data of transfusion, and then send them to observation center by wireless transmission. The observation center would show the information of transfusion for many patients simultaneously, and give alarm in time when abnormality happened or transfusion finished, to the nurses. ZigBee whose apparent advantages include low cost, low energy and simple composition of network, so it is suitable for application in this field. The observation host is the ARM9 embedded platform, we used Windows CE operation system, so it gives a friendly operation interface.
Theoretically, we compared with the present common transfusion monitoring techniques, outlined the ZigBee wireless communication technology, and analyzed the layer model of ZigBee protocol. Moreover, in hardware design, we elaborated the aspects of ZigBee wireless transmitter and related design of interface circuit, also we introduced the design method of anti-interference monitor circuit, and the design of the man-machine interface circuit of the monitor terminal. Furthermore, in software design, we introduced the design of functional modules of system node, including software of the composition of ZigBee network, collection and transaction of terminal data, keyboard, LCD display and so on. Also, we detailed software design of observation host, involving customization and transplantation of Windows CE operation system, SPI drivers and application software design of observation center. Finally, a test had been taken on functions of different aspects of the system, whose result demonstrated the system was up to the expected target, and met the requirements of practical application.
引文
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[2]范德增.我国医疗器械产业发展机遇与挑战[J].中国医疗器械信息,2008,14(2):60-64.
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[5]冯宇威,任凤云,宗爱华.静脉输液易出现的问题及防范措施[J].医疗设备,2008,21(8):46-47.
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[13]彭端云,程自峰,陈红波等.基于超声波采集的无线数据传输的输液监控系统研制[J].医疗卫生装备,2005,(8):7-8.
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[15]Tamsen Anders.Programmable Drug infusion Device[P].World Intellectual Property Organization Patent,WO8400894,1984.
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[17]党永辉,滕书明,姚志娟等.输液自动监控仪[P].中国专利,CN99224469.2,2000.
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[23]Lindegger Stefan.Medical Infusion Device or Glucose Meter and Method for Managing Such Devices[P].World Intellectual Property Organization Patent,WO2008025183,2008.
[24]Jun Feng,Xueming Miao.Portable IV Infusion Mornitoring System[P].United States Patent,US20070293817,2007.
[25]曹汉中.一种无线遥控输注器系统[P].中国专利,CN200710023183.9,2007.
[26]李斌,王继业,刘庆.便携式输液监控器[P].中国专利,CN101073680,2007.
[27]钟震宇,钟俊,钟泽.基于ZigBee的医疗输液无线监控系统的设计[J].测试技术学报,2007,21(5):455-459.
[28]Kim G.H.,Yang Y.S.,Ryu M.H.,Kim J.J.,Kim N.G..A Development of Remote Medical Treatment System for Stroke Recovery Using ZigBee-based Wireless Brain Stimulator and Internet[J].Transactions of the Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers,2008,57(3):514-517.
[29]Vitek,T,Hnyk,O..Physiogical Data Transmission Network Using ZigBee[C].42nd Annual 2008 IEEE International Carnahan Conference on Security Technology,Czech Republic Prague,2008,377-388.
[30]吴飞,杨宏桥,张瞩熹.基于的医院病区护理智能化无线监护系统[J].中国医疗设备,2008,23(10):13-15.
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