MUCT工艺处理城市污水的关键技术研究
摘要
氮和磷的大量存在引起的水体富营养化已经成为水污染的一个主要问题.因此城市污水处理中氮和磷的去除非常重要：现存的除磷脱氮工艺主要有A2/O、改良的A2/O、VIP、AB、SBR. MSBR. Dephanox、BCFS及UCT工艺。大多数工艺在实际应用中存在脱氮除磷效果差和运行控制复杂的问题.然而致良的UCT(简称MUCT)工艺在国外的实际应用中具有良好的脱氮除磷效果：因此本文主要目的是应用MUCT工艺,通过优化工艺运行条件(例如：水力停留时间、污泥龄及污泥负荷)以达到最佳脱氮除磷的效果。
本文采用正交方法设计试验方案,共设计9个试验条件进行试验,对试验结果进行极差分析和方差分析来确定因素对MUCT处理系统的影响程度,以寻找最佳的运行条件。试验结果表明：影响系统COD去除效率的最重要的因素为水力停留时间HRT:影响TP去除效率的最主要因素是污泥龄SRT：影响系统TN去除效率的最主要的因素是水力停留时间HRT与污泥龄SRT的交互作用。9个试验条件下系统的氨氮去除率均在90%以上,说明本组试验设计的HRT、SRT及F/M的三个水平均没有对NH4--N去除率造成显著影响。对9个试验条件下MUCT处理系统处理效果分析表明,5号试验条件下,即HRT=11h、SRT=10d、F/M=0.357 kgBOD5/(kgMLSS-d) MUCT处理系统的运行效果最佳。
另外,本文还研究了碳源对MUCT系统脱氮除磷效果产生的影响。在一定的范围内,系统磷的去除率随COD/TP数值的增加而增加；氮的去除率与COD/TN存在影响,但规律性不明显,有待进一步的研究。
Entrophication in water bodies caused by excess nutrients (i.e. nitrogen and phosphorus) is identified as one of main problems in water pollution, therefore, nitrogen and phosphorus removal are very crucial for municipal wastewater treatment. The existing processes for nitrogen and phosphorus removai are:A2/C. modified A2/O. VIP AB. SBR. MSBR. Dephanox. BCFS and UCT. Most of them have problems with complicated operational control and not always being effective for nitrogen and phosphorus removal in practice. however, modified UCT (MUCT) process showed that good nitrogen and phosphorus removal in foreign practice.
Hence, this study focused on phosphorus and nitrogen removal from municipal wastewater by MUCT process. The main objectives were to investigate effects of different operational conditions on phosphorus and nitrogen removal by MUCT process. i.e. hydraulic retention time (HRT). solid retention time (SRT) and food to microorganism ratio (F/M), to obtain best nitrogen and phosphorus removal.
The optimization of operational conditions were acheived by analysing results of orthogonal test under 9 different conditions to determine major impacts for carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus removal by MUCT process. The results showed that HRT played a major role on COD removal, the predominate effect of TP removal was SRT and interaction between HRT and SRT mainly impacted TN removal. H4--N removal efficiency was all above 90% under 9 different conditions which indicated that the effects of HRT, SRT and F/M on H4--N removal were not significant.
The best operational conditions was found at HRT=11h, SRT=10d and F/M=0.357 kgBOD5/(kgMLSS·d)) in MUCT process based on the results of orthogonal test.
Moreover, this study investigated effect of carbon on nitrogen and phosphorus removal by MUCT process. The results showed that phosphorus removal efficiency increased with the increase of COD/TP ratio. The relation between nitrogen removal efficiency and COD/TN ratio was not so clear which is recommended for further study.
本文采用正交方法设计试验方案,共设计9个试验条件进行试验,对试验结果进行极差分析和方差分析来确定因素对MUCT处理系统的影响程度,以寻找最佳的运行条件。试验结果表明：影响系统COD去除效率的最重要的因素为水力停留时间HRT:影响TP去除效率的最主要因素是污泥龄SRT：影响系统TN去除效率的最主要的因素是水力停留时间HRT与污泥龄SRT的交互作用。9个试验条件下系统的氨氮去除率均在90%以上,说明本组试验设计的HRT、SRT及F/M的三个水平均没有对NH4--N去除率造成显著影响。对9个试验条件下MUCT处理系统处理效果分析表明,5号试验条件下,即HRT=11h、SRT=10d、F/M=0.357 kgBOD5/(kgMLSS-d) MUCT处理系统的运行效果最佳。
另外,本文还研究了碳源对MUCT系统脱氮除磷效果产生的影响。在一定的范围内,系统磷的去除率随COD/TP数值的增加而增加；氮的去除率与COD/TN存在影响,但规律性不明显,有待进一步的研究。
Entrophication in water bodies caused by excess nutrients (i.e. nitrogen and phosphorus) is identified as one of main problems in water pollution, therefore, nitrogen and phosphorus removal are very crucial for municipal wastewater treatment. The existing processes for nitrogen and phosphorus removai are:A2/C. modified A2/O. VIP AB. SBR. MSBR. Dephanox. BCFS and UCT. Most of them have problems with complicated operational control and not always being effective for nitrogen and phosphorus removal in practice. however, modified UCT (MUCT) process showed that good nitrogen and phosphorus removal in foreign practice.
Hence, this study focused on phosphorus and nitrogen removal from municipal wastewater by MUCT process. The main objectives were to investigate effects of different operational conditions on phosphorus and nitrogen removal by MUCT process. i.e. hydraulic retention time (HRT). solid retention time (SRT) and food to microorganism ratio (F/M), to obtain best nitrogen and phosphorus removal.
The optimization of operational conditions were acheived by analysing results of orthogonal test under 9 different conditions to determine major impacts for carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus removal by MUCT process. The results showed that HRT played a major role on COD removal, the predominate effect of TP removal was SRT and interaction between HRT and SRT mainly impacted TN removal. H4--N removal efficiency was all above 90% under 9 different conditions which indicated that the effects of HRT, SRT and F/M on H4--N removal were not significant.
The best operational conditions was found at HRT=11h, SRT=10d and F/M=0.357 kgBOD5/(kgMLSS·d)) in MUCT process based on the results of orthogonal test.
Moreover, this study investigated effect of carbon on nitrogen and phosphorus removal by MUCT process. The results showed that phosphorus removal efficiency increased with the increase of COD/TP ratio. The relation between nitrogen removal efficiency and COD/TN ratio was not so clear which is recommended for further study.
引文
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[2]泛王华.宋虎堂.范志华.水体富营养化的原因、危害及防治.天津职业院校联合学报2006.8(2)：52-54
[3]A nderson D M, Glibert P M. Burkho Ider.J M. Harmful algal bloom s and eutroph ication: nutrient sources, compo sition. andconsequences. E stuaries.2002.25 (4b;:704-726.
[4]姚云,沈志良.水域富营养化研究进展.海洋科学,2005.29(2)：53-57
[5]杨蕾.中国海水养殖及其可持续发展的对策[J].水产科学,2003.22(4)：45-48.
[6]Beveridge MC M. Advances in world Aquaculture [R].Louisiana:World Aauaculture Society 1991.3:456-467 。
[7]马蕊,林英,牛翠娟.淡水水域富营养化及其治理.生物学通报.2008.38(11)：5-9
[8]赵不凋,刘柏朱.卢晓芳等.水体富营养化的形成、危害和防治,安徽农学通报2007.13(17)：51-53
[9]吴生才.水体富营养化的渐进性和灾难性[J].灾害学,2004(19)：13-17
[10]王占生,刘文君.微污染水源饮用水处理[M].北京：中国建筑工业出版社.175-178.
[11]罗世田,毛艳丽.水体富营养化的危害及综合防治对策.平顶山师专学报,2003(10)：46-48
[12]王卷霞,郭便玲,李悦锋等.水体富营养化的危害及修复措施.河南水利与南水北调,2008(2)：13-14.
[13]住房和城乡建设部对2009年全国城镇污水处理设施建设运行情况统计。
[14]国家环境保护总局,国家质量监督检验检疫总局.城镇污水处理厂污染物排放标准,中国环境出版社,2002
[15]王晓辉.生物脱氮除磷工艺应用与研究进展.工业技术,2008.27
[16]尹军,吴相会,王晓玲等.污水生物除磷技术若干研究进展.中国资源综合利用,2009(1)：24-27
[17]王凯军,宋英豪.SBR工艺的发展类型及其应用特征.中国给水排水,2002,18(7)：23-30
[18]王培风,张冬梅,赵平健.SBR工艺用于生活污水除磷脱氮的试验研究.西安科技学院学报,2003,23(1)：30-3
[19]郭霖.SBR工艺污水处理的试践与研究.铁道标准设计,2002.10：54-59
[20]田立江,姚志彬.SBR工艺与CASS工艺的比较.江苏环境科技,2003.16(2)：14-21
[21]吴再民,颜亮,莫志峰.CASS法在湖州市碧浪污水处理厂的应用.环境工程,2001.19(4)：28-30
[22]赵益华.采用DAT-IAT串接工艺法的污水处理厂自动控制系统。铁道标准设计,2001.21(9)：42-44
[23]张大群,王秀朵.SBR工艺新DAT-IAT法及新型滗水器.中国给水排水1996.12(1)：26-20
[24]王秀朵.SBR工艺中一种新方法DAT-IAT法的研究.天津市政设计1995(3)：35-38
[25]吴华明,印宏.李峰等.UNITANK工艺提高氮、磷去除率的砂究.环境污染治理技术与设备2002,3(10)：72-74
[26]余建恒.城镇生活污水处理工艺-UNITANK工艺理论研究.中山大学硕士学位论文2002
[27]Wu W..Timpany P.,Dawson B.Simulationand applications of a novel modified SBR system for biological nutrientremoval.Wat.Sci.Tech.2001.43(3):215-222
[28]王闯,杨海真,顾国维.改进型序批式反应器(MSBR)的试验研究.中国给水排水,2003.19(5)：41-43
[29]李春鞠,顾国维,杨海真.城市污水除磷脱氮MSBR工艺试验研究.环境工程,2000,18(6)：19-22
[30]任洁,顾国维..MSBR系统的特点及其除磷脱氮的机理分析.给水排水,2002,28(1)：22-24
[31]李春鞠,顾国维,杨海真.改善MSBR系统脱氮效果的试验研究.中国给水排水.2001.17(1)9-14
[32]常新国,杨海真.污水处理的改良型SBR工艺.交通环保,1999.20(5)：22-26
[33]Bortone G,Saltarelli R,Alonso V,et al. Biological anoxic phosphorus removal-the Dephanox process[J].Water Science and Technology 1996,34(1-2):119-128
[34]Sorm R, Wanner J,Saltarelii R,et al.Verification of anoxic phosphate uptake as the main bi ochemical mechanism of the"Dephanox"process[J]. Water Science and Technology 2007.35 (10):87-94
[35]Bortone G,Marsili Libelli S.Tilche A.et al. Anoxic phosphate uptake in the Dephanox pro cess[J]. Water Science and Technology 2005.40(4-5):177-185
[36]Kuba T,van Loosdrecht M C M,Brandse F A.et al Occurrence of denitrifying phosphorus removing bacteria in modified UCT-type wastewater treatment plants[J]. Water Research, 2004,31(4):777-786
[37]stgaard K.Christensson M.LIE E.et al.Anoxic biological phosphorus removal in a full-scale UCT process[J].Water Research,1997,31(11):2719-2726
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