环糊精和水滑石脱除噻吩和硫醇的研究
摘要
硫醇和噻吩是原油中的主要含硫化合物,它们引起严重的环境污染和加工困难,因此从油品中脱除硫醇和噻吩一直是一个令人感兴趣的问题。本文主要开展萃取法和吸附法脱除硫醇和噻吩的研究。实验结果表明采用β-环糊精(p-CD)作为萃取剂,在30℃、萃取时间25分钟、β-环糊精浓度0.01mol/L、β-环糊精和模型油为1：1的条件下,对硫醇和噻吩的脱除率分别达到25.0%和72.9%。随着萃取时间的增加,硫醇和噻吩的脱除率增加。甲苯的存在对噻吩的脱除有不利影响。合成了一系列Zn2+,Cu2+,Fe3+,La3+,Ni2+离子掺杂的Mg/Al水滑石(HTC)和复合氧化物(CMO)作为吸附剂用于脱除模型油中的硫醇和噻吩。实验结果表明,在30℃、10分钟和剂油比为1：100的条件下,MgAlLa(3:0.6:0.4) HTC和CMO, MgAlCu HTC具有较好的脱除效果。采用SEM, FT-IR, XRD, TG/DTA,碱性和水溶性碱检测法对MgAlLa(3:0.6:0.4) HTC和CMO的结构进行了表征。MgAlLa(3:0.6:0.4) HTC和CMO在30℃、10分钟和剂油比为1：25的条件下,对噻吩的脱除率达到28.5%和29.8%。随着剂油比增加,噻吩脱除率增加。甲苯的存在对噻吩的脱除有不利影响。MgAlLa(3:0.6:0.4) HTC和CMO在30℃、10分钟和剂油比为1：25的条件下,对硫醇的脱除率达到56.1%和62.7%。随着吸附温度、时间和剂油比增加,硫醇脱除率增加。
Mercaptan and thiophene are the main sulphur compound in the crude oil, which lead to severe environmental problems and refine difficulty. Removal of mercaptan and thiophene from oil is an interesting research subject. This paper main focus in two aspects:thiophene and mercaptan removal by extraction and adsorption method. The experiment results showed that thiophene and propylmercaptan removal efficiency for model oil reached 25.0% and 72.9% by the extraction solventβ-cyclodextrin (β-CD) at 30℃, extraction time 25 min, O.Olmol/Lβ-cyclodextrin and the ratio ofβ-cyclodextrin and model oil 1:1. With the increasing of extraction time, the mercaptan and thiophene removal efficiency is increasing. Toluene has unfavourable influence for the thiophene removal of efficiency. Zn2+, Cu2+, Fe3+, La3+, Ni2+ cation incorporated Mg/Al hydrotalcites (HTC) and composite metal oxide (CMO) had been synthesized as adsorbent for removal of thiophene and propylmercaptan. The results showed that MgAlLa(3:0.6:0.4) HTC and CMO, MgAlCu HTC have preferred thiophene and propylmercaptan removal efficiency for model oil at 30℃temperature,10 min and 1:100 adsorbent-oil ratio. The structure and composition of MgAlLa (3:0.6:0.4) HTC and CMO have been characterized by SEM, FT-IR, XRD, TG/DTA, basicity and soluble basicity, BET. The thiophene removal efficiency for model oil reached 28.5% and 29.8% by the MgAlLa HTC and CMO Adsorption at the 30℃,10 min and adsorbent-oil ratio 1:25. With the increasing of adsorbent-oil ratio, the thiophene removal efficiency is also increased. Toluene has unfavourable influence for the thiophene removal of efficiency. The propylmercaptanrange removal efficiency for model oil reached by the MgAlLa MgAlLa HTC and CMO Adsorption at the temperature 30℃, the adsorption time 10 min and adsorbent-oil ratio 1:25. With the increasing of adsorption temperature, adsorption time and adsorbent-oil ratio, the propylmercaptanrange removal efficiency is also increased.
Mercaptan and thiophene are the main sulphur compound in the crude oil, which lead to severe environmental problems and refine difficulty. Removal of mercaptan and thiophene from oil is an interesting research subject. This paper main focus in two aspects:thiophene and mercaptan removal by extraction and adsorption method. The experiment results showed that thiophene and propylmercaptan removal efficiency for model oil reached 25.0% and 72.9% by the extraction solventβ-cyclodextrin (β-CD) at 30℃, extraction time 25 min, O.Olmol/Lβ-cyclodextrin and the ratio ofβ-cyclodextrin and model oil 1:1. With the increasing of extraction time, the mercaptan and thiophene removal efficiency is increasing. Toluene has unfavourable influence for the thiophene removal of efficiency. Zn2+, Cu2+, Fe3+, La3+, Ni2+ cation incorporated Mg/Al hydrotalcites (HTC) and composite metal oxide (CMO) had been synthesized as adsorbent for removal of thiophene and propylmercaptan. The results showed that MgAlLa(3:0.6:0.4) HTC and CMO, MgAlCu HTC have preferred thiophene and propylmercaptan removal efficiency for model oil at 30℃temperature,10 min and 1:100 adsorbent-oil ratio. The structure and composition of MgAlLa (3:0.6:0.4) HTC and CMO have been characterized by SEM, FT-IR, XRD, TG/DTA, basicity and soluble basicity, BET. The thiophene removal efficiency for model oil reached 28.5% and 29.8% by the MgAlLa HTC and CMO Adsorption at the 30℃,10 min and adsorbent-oil ratio 1:25. With the increasing of adsorbent-oil ratio, the thiophene removal efficiency is also increased. Toluene has unfavourable influence for the thiophene removal of efficiency. The propylmercaptanrange removal efficiency for model oil reached by the MgAlLa MgAlLa HTC and CMO Adsorption at the temperature 30℃, the adsorption time 10 min and adsorbent-oil ratio 1:25. With the increasing of adsorption temperature, adsorption time and adsorbent-oil ratio, the propylmercaptanrange removal efficiency is also increased.
引文
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[2]J.C. Zhang, L.F. Song, J.Y. Hu, S.L. Ong, W.J. Ng, L.Y. Lee,Y.H. Wang, J.G. Zhao, R.Y. Ma.Investigation on gasoline deep desulfurization for fuel cell applications [J]. Energy Conversion and Management 2005,46 (3):1-9
[3]Wei Dai, Yaping Zhou, Shengqiang Wang, Wei Sub, Yan Sun, Li. ZhouDesulfurization of transportation fuels targeting at removal of thiophene/benzothiophene [J]. Fuel Processing Technology 2008,89:(7)749-755
[4]Han Chen, Wen-Juan Zhang, Jian-Meng Chen.Desulfurization of various organic sulphur compounds and the mixture of DBT+4,6-DMDBT by Mycobacterium sp. ZD-19[J]. Bioresource Technology 2008,99 (5):3630-3634
[5]Byung Hong Kim, Hae Yeong Kim, Tae Sung Kim, Doo Hyun Park.Selectivity of desulfurization activity of DesuEfovibrio desuEfuricans M6 on different petroleum products[J]. Fuel Processing Technology 1995,43 (8):87-94
[6]Mehran Soleimani, Amarjeet Bassi, Argyrios Margaritis. Biodesulfurization of refractory organic sulphur compounds in fossil fuels [J]. Biotechnology Advances 2007,25 (7):570-596
[7]Guoxian Yu, Shanxiang Lu, Hui Chen, Zhongnan Zhu.Diesel fuel desulfurization with hydrogen peroxide promoted by formic acid and catalyzed by activated carbon[J]. Carbon 2005,43 (3):2285-2294
[8]M. Abdollahy, A.Z. Moghaddam, K. Rami.Desulfurization of mezino coal using combination of 'flotation' and 'leaching with potassium hydroxide/methanol [J]. Fuel 2005, 85 (4):1117-1124.
[9]Fuli Li, Zhengzhi Zhang, Jinhui Feng, Ping Xu.Biodesulfurization of DBT in tetradecane and crude oil by a facultative thermophilic bacterium Mycobacterium goodi X7B[J]. Journal of Biotechnology 2007,127 (6):222-228.
[10]Eri Ito, J.A. Rob van Veen.On novel processes for removing sulphur from refinery streams [J]. Catalysis Today 2006,116 (8):446-460.
[11]David G. Cantrell a, Lisa J. Gillie.Structure-reactivity correlations in MgAl hydrotalcitecatalysts for biodiesel synthesis [J]. Applied Catalysis A:General 2005,287 (2): 183-190
[12]Chunshan Song, Xiaoliang Ma.New design approaches to ultra-clean diesel fuels by deep desulfurization and deep dearomatization [J]. Applied Catalysis B:Environmental 2003,41 (6):207-238
[13]VI.V. Babich, J.A. Moulijn.Science and technology of novel processes for deep desulfurizationof oil refinery streams:a review [J]. Fuel 20003,82 (1):607-631
[14]Rongbin Qi, Changwei Zhao, Jiding Li, Yujun Wang, Shenlin Zhu.Removal of thiophenes from n-octane/thiophenemixtures by pervaporation[J]. Journal of Membrane Science 2006,269 (5):94-100
[15]Sujit Mondal, Yelda Hangun-Balkir, Larissa Alexandrova,Dirk Link, Bret Howard, Paul Zandhuis c, Anthony Cugini,Colin P. Horwitz, Terrence J. Collins.Oxidation of sulphur components in diesel fuel using Fe-TAMLl catalysts and hydrogen peroxide[J]. Catalysis Today 2006,116 (9):554-561.
[16]Chunshan Song. An overview of new approaches to deep desulfurization for ultra-clean gasoline, diesel fuel and jet fuel. [J]. Catalysis Today 2003,86 (10):211-263
[17]Michele Breysse, Gerald Djega-Mariadassou,Stephanie Pessayre, Christophe Geantet,Michel Vrinat, Guy Perot, Marc Lemaire.Deep desulfurization:reactions, catalysts andtechnological challenges[J]. Catalysis Today 2003,84 (4):129-138
[18]Jingcheng Zhang, Yunqi Liu, Shuang Tian, Yongming Chai, Chenguang Liu.Reactive adsorption of thiophene on Ni/ZnO adsorbent:Effect of ZnO textural structure on the desulfurization activity [J].Journal of Natural Gas Chemistry 2010,19(3):327-332
[19]Asghar Molaei Dehkordi, Mohammad Amin Sobati and Mohammad Ali Nazem. Oxidative Desulfurization of Non-hydrotreated Kerosene Using Hydrogen Peroxide and Acetic Acid[J]. Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering 2009,17(5):869-874
[20]Kok-Giap Haw, Wan Azelee Wan Abu Bakar, Rusmidah Ali,Jiunn-Fat Chong, Abdul Aziz Abdul Kadir.Catalytic oxidative desulfurization of diesel utilizing hydrogen peroxide and functionalized-activated carbon in a biphasic diesel-acetonitrile system[J]. Fuel Processing Technology 2010,15 (9):237-300
[21]Yongchuan Daia, Yutai Qi, Dezhi Zhaob, Huicheng Zhang.An oxidative desulfurization method usingultrasound/Fenton's reagent for obtaining low and/or ultra-low sulphur diesel fuel[J]. Fuel Processing Technology 2008,89(3):927-932
[22]YAN Xue-min, SU Gao-shen, XIONG Lin.Oxidative desulfurization of diesel oil over Ag-modified mesoporous HPW/SiO2 catalyst[J]. J Fuel Chem Technol,2009,37(3):318-323
[23]ZHAO Di-shun, SUN Zhi-min, LI Fa-tang, SHAN Hai-dan.Optimization of oxidative desulfurization ofdibenzothiophene using acidic ionic liquid as catalytic solvent[J]. J Fuel Chem Technol,2009,37(2):194-198
[24 Zhilin Wu, Ultrasound-assisted oxidative desulfurization of liquid fuelsand its industrial application[J]. Ultrasonics Sonochemistry 2010,17 (5):1027-1032
[25]Xinrui Zhou.Oxidative desulfurization of dibenzothiophene on molecular oxygen and iron phthalocyanine[J].Fuel Processing Technology 2009,90 (2):317-323
[26]Meng-Wei Wan, Teh-Fu Yen. Enhance efficiency of tetraoctylammonium fluoride applied to ultrasound-assisted oxidative desulfurization (UAOD) process,[J]. Applied Catalysis A:General 2007,319 (7):237-245
[27]Xue-Min Yan, Ping Mei, Jiaheng Lei, Yuanzhu Mi, Lin Xiong, Liping Guo.Synthesis and characterization of mesoporous phosphotungstic acid/TiO2 nanocomposite as a novel oxidative desulfurization catalyst[J]. Journal of Molecular Catalysis A:Chemical 2009,304 (7):52-57
[28]Zaki Eldin Ali Abdalla, Baoshan Li, Asma Tufail.Preparation of phosphate promoted Na2WO4/Al2O3 catalyst and its application for oxidative desulfurization[J]. Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry 2009,15 (9):780-783
[29]Beatriz Zapata, Francisco Pedraza.lyst screening for oxidative desulfurization using hydrogen peroxide[J]. Catalysis Today 2005,106 (2):219-221
[30]Luis Cedeno Caero, Emiliano Hernandez, Francisco Pedraza, Florentino Murrieta.Oxidative desulfurization of synthetic diesel using supported catalysts Part Ⅰ. Study of the operation conditions with a vanadium oxide based catalyst. Catalysis Today 2005,107 (7):564-569
[31]V.V.D.N. Prasad, Kwang-Eun Jeong.Oxidative desulfurization of 4,6-dimethyl dibenzothiophene and light cycle oil over supported molybdenum oxide catalysts[J]. Catalysis Communications 2008,9 (4):1966-1969
[32]W. Trakarnpruk, K. Rujiraworawut.Oxidative desulfurization of Gas oil by polyoxometalates catalysts[J].Fuel Processing Technology 2009,90 (10):411-414
[33]Jeyagowry T. Sampanthar, Huang Xiao, Jian Dou, Teo Yin Nah,Xu Rong,Wong Pui Kwan.A novel oxidative desulfurization process to remove refractory sulphur compounds from diesel fuel[J]. Applied Catalysis B:Environmental 2003,63 (6):85-93
[34]Danhong Wang, Eika Weihua Qian, Hiroshi Amano,Kazuhiro Okata, Atsushi Ishihara, Toshiaki Kabe.Oxidative desulfurization of fuel oil Part Ⅰ. Oxidation of dibenzothiophenes using tert-butyl hydroperoxide[J]. Applied Catalysis A:General 2003,253 (5):91-99
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