食品废弃物和剩余污泥联合发酵产酸耦合活性污泥合成聚羟基烷酯的研究
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摘要
食品废弃物和剩余污泥是最具代表性的两种有机固体废弃物,二者都具有较高的有机质含量和含水率,所以在环境中极易腐败,释放臭气和有毒气体,并对地下水和土壤造成污染。食品废弃物和剩余污泥混合发酵产有机性挥发酸(VFAs),为活性污泥合成聚羟基烷酯(PHA)提供廉价碳源,不但能够实现两种固体废弃物的资源化,还能够大大降低PHA的生产成本。全文研究内容和实验结果如下:
(1)以食品废弃物和剩余污泥为底物,采用半连续流加料方式,进行有机固体废弃物高效发酵产酸菌的驯化培养。结果表明,培养20天后驯化体系达到稳定,稳定后发酵所得VFAs浓度为4000±150 mg COD/l,VFAs中丁酸含量最高,其次为戊酸,丙酸和乙酸含量相对较少。
选取底物中食品废弃物和剩余污泥挥发性固体(VSS)比分别为100:0,90:10,70:30,50:50,30:70,0:100,研究不同比例下发酵产VFAs情况。结果表明,发酵液中溶解性化学需氧量(SCOD)与食品废弃物的含量成正比,食品废弃物和剩余污泥比例为90:10时发酵产VFAs量最高,100%食品废弃物所得发酵液中NH_4~+-N和PO_4~(3-)-p浓度过低,影响了产VFAs微生物的活性;同时,不同底物比例还会影响VFAs的分布,VFAs中乙酸的百分含量随着剩余污泥比例的增高而增高,丁酸的百分含量则是随着底物中剩余污泥比例的增高而出现明显下降。
(2)利用表面响应法(RSM),对食品废弃物和剩余污泥混合发酵产VFAs的条件进行优化。考察了底物中食品废弃物比例、有机负荷率(OLR)、固体停留时间(SRT)、pH对VFAs浓度、VFAs/SCOD比的相互作用关系,以确定最优工艺条件。优化得到的最高VFAs浓度对应的件为:食品废弃物含量88.03%,SRT8.92 d,OLR 8.31 gVSS/1 d,pH值6.99,实验值29099 mg/l与预测值28000 mg/l存在较好的一致性;预测得到的最高VFAs/SCOD比为92.82%,对应的的优化条件为食品废弃物含量:92.12%,SRT:6.26 d,OLR:4.26 gVSS/1 d,pH值:7.18,实验值89.91%与预测值92.82%存在较好的一致性。发酵所得VFAs中C_偶/C_奇比随着底物中食品废弃物比例的增大而增大,并且随着有机负荷率OLR的增大而增大,pH值为6.7左右时得到最小C_偶/C_奇比。
(3)以食品废弃物和剩余污泥混合发酵产的VFAs为底物,采用逐步增加负荷法驯化高PHA储存能力活性污泥。结果发现,在3600 mgCOD/l的负荷下得到最高PHA含量为47.65%(细胞干重),在720mgCOD/l负荷条件下得到最高转化率0.59 mgCODPHA/mgCODVFAs。
采用均匀设计实验,在0 mT,7 mT,21 mT磁场条件研究乙酸、丙酸、丁酸和戊酸与PHA成分之间的关系模型。利用SAS 9.0软件回归得到的系列模型都具有很高的可靠性,验证实验值与模型预测值存在较高的一致性,被证明可以用来预测PHA组分的合成量。
选择0 mT、7 mT、21 mT三个磁场条件进行活性污泥合成PHA的批式实验。以食品废弃物和剩余污泥混合发酵产VFAs为底物合成PHA时,7 mT磁场能够提高HB的合成量,21 mT磁场能够提高HV的合成量。不加磁场条件下最终得到的转化率为205 mgCODPHA/gVSS;7 mT磁场条件下得到的转化率为232mg CODPHA/gVSS,与21 mT磁场条件下接近。以有机固体废弃物的酸化发酵液为底物合成PHA时,不同磁场条件下的HB、HV合成量与以分析纯有机酸为底物时相比普遍增高,说明酸化发酵液中非VFAs的溶解性有机物对合成PHA也有贡献。
Food waste and excess sludge are the two kinds of representative organic solid waste, which are the source of decay, odor and toxic gas emission and groundwater and soil contamination due to their high-volatile solids and moisture content. Acidogenic fermentation of food waste in combination with excess sludge is an alternative strategy because volatile fatty acids (VFAs) can be harvested and used as carbon sources for polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA) storage. The strategy not only achieves recovery energy from the organic solid waste, but also reduces the production cost of PHAs greatly. The study and results were shown as follows:
(1) Acclimated efficient VFAs fermentation bacteria with co-substrate of food waste and dewatered excess sludge under semi-continuous technique. The results showed that the acclimatization system achieved steady-state condition after 20 days, when the VFAs concentration was 4000±150 mgCOD/1 and butyric acid content was the highest, followed by valeric acid, propionic acid and acetic acid content is relatively small.
Study the effect of ratio of food waste and excess sludge in substrate on bio-production of VFAs. The ratio of food waste and excess sludge choose in accordance with VSS ratio of 100:0, 90:10, 70:30, 50:50, 30:70, 0:100. The results showed that soluble chemical oxygen demand (SCOD) deserved from the acidogenesis was proportional to the content of food waste. When the food waste versus excess sludge is 90:10, the most VFAs concentration achieved. When the substrate was all the food waste, the NH_4~+-N and PO_4~(3-)-P concentration in the fermentative liquid were so low that inhibited the activity of VFAs fermentation microbiology. At the same time, the ratio of food waste and excess sludge can also influence the distribution of the VFAs. The percentage of acetate acid in VFAs increased with the ratio of food waste and excess sludge decreased, and the percentage of butyrate acid in VFAs increased with the ratio of food waste and excess sludge increased.
(2) Used response surface methodology (RSM) optimization of semi-continuous VFAs production with co-substrate of food waste and excess sludge. The effects of food waste composition in substrate, solid retention time (SRT), organic loading rate (OLR) and pH on the acidogenesis were evaluated individually and interactively. The optimum VFAs condition derived was food waste composition; 88.03%, HRT; 8.92 d, OLR; 8.31 gVSS/l d and pH; 6.99. The experimental VFAs concentration was 29099 mg/L, which was well in agreement with the predicted value of 28000 mg/l. And the optimum VFAs/SCOD condition was food waste composition; 92.12%, SRT; 6.26 d, OLR; 4.26 gVSS/l d, pH; 7.18. The experimental VFAs/SCOD 89.91% wse well in agreement with the predicted value 92.82%. The ratio of even C and odd C of the fermentative VFAs increased with increasing the food waste composition and increasing OLR, and the lowest value achieved when pH was around 6.7.
(3) Acclimated activated sludge with high PHAs storage capacity under aerobic dynamic feeding (ADF) technique fed with the fermentative VFAs by gradually increasing organic load. It was demonstrated that the optimum organic load was 3600 mgCOD/l when the maximum PHA content in biomass achieved to 47.65% (on dry cell weight basis), and the maximum yield occurred when the organic load was 720 mg COD/l.
Uniform design was utilized to find out relational models between C sources and PHA components. The data from the experiments analyzed and calculated by software SAS Version 9.0. The models derived were proved to be useful of predicting PHA components, and the experimental values well agreed with the predicted values.
The batch production of PHA were operated by the magnetic field with 0mT, 7 mT, 21 mT fed with fermentative VFAs. We found that 7 mT magnetic field favored HB accumulation in biomass and 21 mT magnetic field favored HV accumulation in biomass. The yield of PHA from co-substrate of food waste and excess sludge achieved to 205 mgCODPHA/gVSS without magnetic field, which was 232 mgCOD PHA/gVSS by 7 mT magnetic field similar with the 21 mT. HA accumulation fed with fermentative VFAs were lager than fed with synthesized VFAs under any magnetic field.The no VFAs composition of the fermentative liquid was demonstrated mostly contributed to growing; meanwhile, it also contributed to PHA storage.
(1)以食品废弃物和剩余污泥为底物,采用半连续流加料方式,进行有机固体废弃物高效发酵产酸菌的驯化培养。结果表明,培养20天后驯化体系达到稳定,稳定后发酵所得VFAs浓度为4000±150 mg COD/l,VFAs中丁酸含量最高,其次为戊酸,丙酸和乙酸含量相对较少。
选取底物中食品废弃物和剩余污泥挥发性固体(VSS)比分别为100:0,90:10,70:30,50:50,30:70,0:100,研究不同比例下发酵产VFAs情况。结果表明,发酵液中溶解性化学需氧量(SCOD)与食品废弃物的含量成正比,食品废弃物和剩余污泥比例为90:10时发酵产VFAs量最高,100%食品废弃物所得发酵液中NH_4~+-N和PO_4~(3-)-p浓度过低,影响了产VFAs微生物的活性;同时,不同底物比例还会影响VFAs的分布,VFAs中乙酸的百分含量随着剩余污泥比例的增高而增高,丁酸的百分含量则是随着底物中剩余污泥比例的增高而出现明显下降。
(2)利用表面响应法(RSM),对食品废弃物和剩余污泥混合发酵产VFAs的条件进行优化。考察了底物中食品废弃物比例、有机负荷率(OLR)、固体停留时间(SRT)、pH对VFAs浓度、VFAs/SCOD比的相互作用关系,以确定最优工艺条件。优化得到的最高VFAs浓度对应的件为:食品废弃物含量88.03%,SRT8.92 d,OLR 8.31 gVSS/1 d,pH值6.99,实验值29099 mg/l与预测值28000 mg/l存在较好的一致性;预测得到的最高VFAs/SCOD比为92.82%,对应的的优化条件为食品废弃物含量:92.12%,SRT:6.26 d,OLR:4.26 gVSS/1 d,pH值:7.18,实验值89.91%与预测值92.82%存在较好的一致性。发酵所得VFAs中C_偶/C_奇比随着底物中食品废弃物比例的增大而增大,并且随着有机负荷率OLR的增大而增大,pH值为6.7左右时得到最小C_偶/C_奇比。
(3)以食品废弃物和剩余污泥混合发酵产的VFAs为底物,采用逐步增加负荷法驯化高PHA储存能力活性污泥。结果发现,在3600 mgCOD/l的负荷下得到最高PHA含量为47.65%(细胞干重),在720mgCOD/l负荷条件下得到最高转化率0.59 mgCODPHA/mgCODVFAs。
采用均匀设计实验,在0 mT,7 mT,21 mT磁场条件研究乙酸、丙酸、丁酸和戊酸与PHA成分之间的关系模型。利用SAS 9.0软件回归得到的系列模型都具有很高的可靠性,验证实验值与模型预测值存在较高的一致性,被证明可以用来预测PHA组分的合成量。
选择0 mT、7 mT、21 mT三个磁场条件进行活性污泥合成PHA的批式实验。以食品废弃物和剩余污泥混合发酵产VFAs为底物合成PHA时,7 mT磁场能够提高HB的合成量,21 mT磁场能够提高HV的合成量。不加磁场条件下最终得到的转化率为205 mgCODPHA/gVSS;7 mT磁场条件下得到的转化率为232mg CODPHA/gVSS,与21 mT磁场条件下接近。以有机固体废弃物的酸化发酵液为底物合成PHA时,不同磁场条件下的HB、HV合成量与以分析纯有机酸为底物时相比普遍增高,说明酸化发酵液中非VFAs的溶解性有机物对合成PHA也有贡献。
Food waste and excess sludge are the two kinds of representative organic solid waste, which are the source of decay, odor and toxic gas emission and groundwater and soil contamination due to their high-volatile solids and moisture content. Acidogenic fermentation of food waste in combination with excess sludge is an alternative strategy because volatile fatty acids (VFAs) can be harvested and used as carbon sources for polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA) storage. The strategy not only achieves recovery energy from the organic solid waste, but also reduces the production cost of PHAs greatly. The study and results were shown as follows:
(1) Acclimated efficient VFAs fermentation bacteria with co-substrate of food waste and dewatered excess sludge under semi-continuous technique. The results showed that the acclimatization system achieved steady-state condition after 20 days, when the VFAs concentration was 4000±150 mgCOD/1 and butyric acid content was the highest, followed by valeric acid, propionic acid and acetic acid content is relatively small.
Study the effect of ratio of food waste and excess sludge in substrate on bio-production of VFAs. The ratio of food waste and excess sludge choose in accordance with VSS ratio of 100:0, 90:10, 70:30, 50:50, 30:70, 0:100. The results showed that soluble chemical oxygen demand (SCOD) deserved from the acidogenesis was proportional to the content of food waste. When the food waste versus excess sludge is 90:10, the most VFAs concentration achieved. When the substrate was all the food waste, the NH_4~+-N and PO_4~(3-)-P concentration in the fermentative liquid were so low that inhibited the activity of VFAs fermentation microbiology. At the same time, the ratio of food waste and excess sludge can also influence the distribution of the VFAs. The percentage of acetate acid in VFAs increased with the ratio of food waste and excess sludge decreased, and the percentage of butyrate acid in VFAs increased with the ratio of food waste and excess sludge increased.
(2) Used response surface methodology (RSM) optimization of semi-continuous VFAs production with co-substrate of food waste and excess sludge. The effects of food waste composition in substrate, solid retention time (SRT), organic loading rate (OLR) and pH on the acidogenesis were evaluated individually and interactively. The optimum VFAs condition derived was food waste composition; 88.03%, HRT; 8.92 d, OLR; 8.31 gVSS/l d and pH; 6.99. The experimental VFAs concentration was 29099 mg/L, which was well in agreement with the predicted value of 28000 mg/l. And the optimum VFAs/SCOD condition was food waste composition; 92.12%, SRT; 6.26 d, OLR; 4.26 gVSS/l d, pH; 7.18. The experimental VFAs/SCOD 89.91% wse well in agreement with the predicted value 92.82%. The ratio of even C and odd C of the fermentative VFAs increased with increasing the food waste composition and increasing OLR, and the lowest value achieved when pH was around 6.7.
(3) Acclimated activated sludge with high PHAs storage capacity under aerobic dynamic feeding (ADF) technique fed with the fermentative VFAs by gradually increasing organic load. It was demonstrated that the optimum organic load was 3600 mgCOD/l when the maximum PHA content in biomass achieved to 47.65% (on dry cell weight basis), and the maximum yield occurred when the organic load was 720 mg COD/l.
Uniform design was utilized to find out relational models between C sources and PHA components. The data from the experiments analyzed and calculated by software SAS Version 9.0. The models derived were proved to be useful of predicting PHA components, and the experimental values well agreed with the predicted values.
The batch production of PHA were operated by the magnetic field with 0mT, 7 mT, 21 mT fed with fermentative VFAs. We found that 7 mT magnetic field favored HB accumulation in biomass and 21 mT magnetic field favored HV accumulation in biomass. The yield of PHA from co-substrate of food waste and excess sludge achieved to 205 mgCODPHA/gVSS without magnetic field, which was 232 mgCOD PHA/gVSS by 7 mT magnetic field similar with the 21 mT. HA accumulation fed with fermentative VFAs were lager than fed with synthesized VFAs under any magnetic field.The no VFAs composition of the fermentative liquid was demonstrated mostly contributed to growing; meanwhile, it also contributed to PHA storage.
引文
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