基于图像处理的混凝土桥梁裂缝测量与分析
|
摘要
桥梁作为交通运输能够畅通无阻的载体,伴随其服役时间增加的同时,桥梁结构也出现不同种类的疲劳和损伤,从而引发坍塌等恶性事故造成了巨大的经济损失和人身伤害。对于大型的混凝土桥梁,桥梁的裂缝是桥梁检测的重要项目之一,而采用单一的人工目测的检测方法效率很低。因此,将数字图像处理技术应用于桥梁表面缺陷检测中,不仅可以提高工作效率,而且对桥梁表面缺陷的客观评估具有重要意义。
本文用数字图像处理技术对混凝土桥梁裂缝宽度特征进行了测量和分析。首先利用图像采集系统进行裂缝图像的采集,对工程中较大的裂缝采取分段采集的方法。对采集到的图像首先进行滤波、锐化、对比度增强等处理。然后,利用一种改进的Canny算子检测裂缝的边缘,它可以将边缘精确定位到一个像素的精度。接着,本文将连通域轮廓跟踪算法应用于裂缝边缘提取中,得到了连续的裂缝轮廓。最后,基于提取到的边缘对裂缝宽度进行了计算。
最后,本文基于Visual C++6.0开发环境,用C++语言和MFC类库,采用面向对象的程序设计方法,用软件实现了裂缝宽度特征的测量,使裂缝检测更加直观化。
Bridge as a barrier-free transportation to the carrier, accompanied by their service time at the same time, bridges the structure of different types of fatigue and injury, which caused fatal accidents caused by collapse of the huge economic losses and personal injury. Regarding the large-scale concrete bridge, the bridge crack is one of the main contents in bridge detection and measurement. But the simplex manual range estimate examination method is low efficiency. Therefore applying the digital image technology and the pattern recognition methods in the bridge surface defect examination, in offer to enhance the working efficiency, and it is extremely important for the external evaluation of bridge surface flaw.
In this paper,digital image processing technology on the characteristics of crack width of concrete bridge is measured and analyzed.Firstly,collect the crack image by a certain image collecting system. The crack also can be subsectionly collected if it is large.Then the image is processed by a seriels of ways such as filtration,sharping,contrast enhancement,etc. Then, the edge of the crack is orientated by an improved Canny edge detection algorithm. The edge’s precision is gone to a pixel by this way. In the following,the contour tracing algorithm on connective regions is used in this paper to obtain the real coordinates of the edge,so as to get continuous crack profile.In the end,the crack feature of width is calculated based on the edge obtained above.
At last, on basis of Visual C++6.0 developing environment, the software of crack feature measurement is realized on C++ and MFC with objected programming method. This makes the crack detection more observely.
本文用数字图像处理技术对混凝土桥梁裂缝宽度特征进行了测量和分析。首先利用图像采集系统进行裂缝图像的采集,对工程中较大的裂缝采取分段采集的方法。对采集到的图像首先进行滤波、锐化、对比度增强等处理。然后,利用一种改进的Canny算子检测裂缝的边缘,它可以将边缘精确定位到一个像素的精度。接着,本文将连通域轮廓跟踪算法应用于裂缝边缘提取中,得到了连续的裂缝轮廓。最后,基于提取到的边缘对裂缝宽度进行了计算。
最后,本文基于Visual C++6.0开发环境,用C++语言和MFC类库,采用面向对象的程序设计方法,用软件实现了裂缝宽度特征的测量,使裂缝检测更加直观化。
Bridge as a barrier-free transportation to the carrier, accompanied by their service time at the same time, bridges the structure of different types of fatigue and injury, which caused fatal accidents caused by collapse of the huge economic losses and personal injury. Regarding the large-scale concrete bridge, the bridge crack is one of the main contents in bridge detection and measurement. But the simplex manual range estimate examination method is low efficiency. Therefore applying the digital image technology and the pattern recognition methods in the bridge surface defect examination, in offer to enhance the working efficiency, and it is extremely important for the external evaluation of bridge surface flaw.
In this paper,digital image processing technology on the characteristics of crack width of concrete bridge is measured and analyzed.Firstly,collect the crack image by a certain image collecting system. The crack also can be subsectionly collected if it is large.Then the image is processed by a seriels of ways such as filtration,sharping,contrast enhancement,etc. Then, the edge of the crack is orientated by an improved Canny edge detection algorithm. The edge’s precision is gone to a pixel by this way. In the following,the contour tracing algorithm on connective regions is used in this paper to obtain the real coordinates of the edge,so as to get continuous crack profile.In the end,the crack feature of width is calculated based on the edge obtained above.
At last, on basis of Visual C++6.0 developing environment, the software of crack feature measurement is realized on C++ and MFC with objected programming method. This makes the crack detection more observely.
引文
[1]钟明全.疲劳加载对部分预应力混凝土梁钢筋应力、裂缝宽度及静力强度的影响[J].西南交通大学学报, 1995, 30(3): 283~290
[2]罗锐.大跨度预应力混凝土连续刚构桥箱梁裂缝成因彩苗固区局部应力分析: [硕士学位论文].成都:西南交通大学, 2005
[3]张冠华.现役钢筋混凝土梁的弯区裂缝特征和桥梁检测评估的试验研究: [硕士学位论文].大连:大连理工大学, 2003
[4]钟铭,王海龙.混凝土结构裂缝问题的研究进展[J].国防交通工程和技术, 2003, 26~27
[5]李海军.连续梁桥预应力箱梁腹板裂缝成因分析.华东公路, 2006
[6]朱汉华,陈孟冲,袁迎捷.预应力混凝土连续箱梁桥裂缝分析与防治.北京:人民交通出版社, 2006
[7]江德水,韦清.混凝土桥梁的裂缝探究.中国水运, 2008, 1(8)
[8]郑良俊.论桥梁裂缝产生的原因以及预防.市政与路桥, 2004
[9]田文勇.谈桥梁裂缝在道桥工程中的影响.市政与路桥, 2004
[10]袁万城,崔飞,张启伟.桥梁健康监测与状态评估的研究现状与发展[J].同济大学学报, 1999, 27(4): l84~188
[11] Ciro Faella1, Enzo Martinelli, and Emidio Nigro. Shear Connection Nonlinearity and Deflections of Steel–Concrete Composite Beams: A Simplified Method. Journal of Structural Engineering, 2003: 12～20
[12] G Fabbrocino, G. Manfredi, and E.Cosenza. Analysis of Continuous Composite Beams Including Partial Interaction and Bond. Journal of Structural Engineering, 2000: 1288～1294
[13] Gaetano Manfredi, Giovanni Fabbrocino, and Edoardo Cosenza. Modeling of Steel~Concrete Composite Beams Under Negative Bending. Journal of Engineering Mechanics, 1999: 654～66
[14] M.Fragiacomo1, C. Amadio, and M.ASCE, L. Macorini. Finite-Element Model for Collapse and Long-Term Analysis of Steel-Concrete Composite Beams. Journal ofStructural Engineering, 2004: 489～497
[15] Rosenman J, Cullip. High-performance Computing in Radiation Cancer Treatment[J]. CRC Critical Reviews in Biomedical Engineering, 1992.20(5): 391～402
[16] Lecy M, Fuchs H, Pizer SM, eta1.Volume Rendering in Radiation Treatment PlanningIn[J]. CRC Critical Reviews in Biomedical Engineering, 1998, 15(5): 397～409
[17] Klasztorny M: Spatial vibrations of a multi-span railway steel bridge under a train moving at high speed. Archives of Civil Engineering, 2000, 46(2): 287～311
[18] Briechle, K.Hanebeck, U.D.Template matching using fast normalized cross correlation, Proceedings of SPIE-The International Society for Optical Engineering, 2001, 4387: 95~102
[19] Pi-cheng Tung, Yean Hwang, Ming-Chang Wu. The development of mobile manipulator imaging system of bridge inspection. Automation in Constructin, 2002, 24(11): 71～7719
[20] Iklas Abdel-Qader, Osanla Abudayyeh, M.ASCE and Miehael E.Kelly. Analysis of Edge-Detection, Techniques for Crack Idnetifiaction in Bdriges. Journal of Computing Civil Engineering, 2003, (10): 255～263
[21] Leung K.Y.christopher. Relationgship Between the crack width and the low in fiber optical crack sensors[J]. Transactions of BeiJing Institute of Technology.2003, 8
[22] Jianguo Nie, Jiansheng Fan2, and C.S.Cai. Stiffness and Deflection of Steel-Concrete Composite Beams under Negative Bending. Journal of Structural Engineering, November 2004: 1842～185
[23] G. Chen and G. Baker. Influence of Bond Slip on Crack Spacing in Numerical Modeling of Reinforced Concrete. Journal of Structural Engineering, November 2003: 1514～152
[24] M.Y.Mansour, M. Diceli, J.Y. Lee, J. Zhang. Predicting the Shear Strength of Reinforced Concrete Beams Using Artificial Neural Networks. Engineering Structure, January 2004: 781～78
[25] Yoshiaki Okui, Masatsugu Nagai. Block FEM for Time-Dependent Shear-Lag Behavior in Two I-Girder Composite Bridges. Journal of Bridge Engineering, 2007:72～79
[26]姚敏等.数字图像处理(第1版)[M].北京:机械工业出版社, 2006
[27]曾艳华.基于计算机视觉的桥梁表面缺陷检测技术研究: [硕士学位论文].广州:广东工业大学, 2005
[28]查旭东,王文强,高芒芒.基于图像处理技术的连续配筋混凝土路面裂缝宽度检测方法[J].长沙理工大学学报, 2007, 4(1): 13~16
[29]曲哲,陆新征,叶列平.数字摄影测量在混凝土梁受剪性能研究中的应用[J].建筑结构学报, 2006, 27(2): 936~939
[30]邹铁群,侯贵仓,杨峰.基于数字图像处理的表面裂纹检测算法[J].微计算机信息, 2004, 20(4): 80~81
[31] Rafael C. Gonzalez, Richard E. Woods.冈萨雷斯数字图像处理(第二版).北京:电子工业出版社, 2003
[32]章毓晋.图像处理和分析基础(第1版)[M].北京:高等教育出版社, 2002
[33]朱虹.数字图像处理基础(第1版)[M].北京:科学出版社, 2005
[34]赵永红,梁海华,熊春阳.用数字图像相关技术进行岩石损伤的变形分析[J].岩石力学与工程学报, 2002, 21(1): 73~76
[35]彭海波.公路路面病害识别的数字图像处理算法研究: [硕士学位论文].西安:西安工业大学, 2003
[36]阮秋琦.数字图像处理学[M].北京:电子工业出版社, 2001
[37]耿飞,钱春香.图像分析技术在混凝土塑性收缩裂缝定量测试与评价中的应用研究[J].东南大学学报. 2003, 33(6): 774~776
[38]张维峰,刘萌,杨明慧.基于数字图像处理的桥梁裂缝检测技术.现代交通技术, 2008, 5(5)
[39]施树明,初秀民,王荣本.沥青路面破损图像测量方法研究[J].公路交通科技. 2004, 21(7): 12~16
[40]邹铁群,侯贵仓,杨峰.基于数字图像处理的表面裂纹检测算法[J].微计算机信息. 2004, 20(4): 80~81
[41]樊红梅.凸轮轴表面缺陷自动检测中数字图像处理和识别的研究: [硕士学位论文].南京:河海大学, 2002
[42]侯俊杰.深入浅出MFC第二版.武汉:华中科技大学出版社, 2001
[43]李蒙.工程结构构件裂纹的自动搜索与测量技术: [硕士学位论文].天津:天津大学, 2004
[44]王静,李鸿琦,邢冬梅等.数字图像相关方法在桥梁裂缝变形监测中的应用[J].力学季刊. 2003, 24(4): 512~516
[45]孔学株.高精度CCD尺寸自动检测系统的光学系统设计[J].光学技术, 2005, 10(5): 4~7
[46]周长发.精通Visual C++图像处理编程(第三版)[M].北京:电子工业出版社, 2006
[47]李春雨.计算机图形图像理论与实践[M].北京:北京航空航天大学出版社, 2004
[48]付忠良.图像阈值选取方法-Otsu方法的推广,计算机应用, 2000, 20(5): 37~39
[49]杨济安.图像通信与图像处理[M].重庆:重庆大学出版社, 2003
[50]陈兵琦,孙明. Visual C++实用图像处理专业教程[M].北京:清华大学出版社, 2004
[2]罗锐.大跨度预应力混凝土连续刚构桥箱梁裂缝成因彩苗固区局部应力分析: [硕士学位论文].成都:西南交通大学, 2005
[3]张冠华.现役钢筋混凝土梁的弯区裂缝特征和桥梁检测评估的试验研究: [硕士学位论文].大连:大连理工大学, 2003
[4]钟铭,王海龙.混凝土结构裂缝问题的研究进展[J].国防交通工程和技术, 2003, 26~27
[5]李海军.连续梁桥预应力箱梁腹板裂缝成因分析.华东公路, 2006
[6]朱汉华,陈孟冲,袁迎捷.预应力混凝土连续箱梁桥裂缝分析与防治.北京:人民交通出版社, 2006
[7]江德水,韦清.混凝土桥梁的裂缝探究.中国水运, 2008, 1(8)
[8]郑良俊.论桥梁裂缝产生的原因以及预防.市政与路桥, 2004
[9]田文勇.谈桥梁裂缝在道桥工程中的影响.市政与路桥, 2004
[10]袁万城,崔飞,张启伟.桥梁健康监测与状态评估的研究现状与发展[J].同济大学学报, 1999, 27(4): l84~188
[11] Ciro Faella1, Enzo Martinelli, and Emidio Nigro. Shear Connection Nonlinearity and Deflections of Steel–Concrete Composite Beams: A Simplified Method. Journal of Structural Engineering, 2003: 12～20
[12] G Fabbrocino, G. Manfredi, and E.Cosenza. Analysis of Continuous Composite Beams Including Partial Interaction and Bond. Journal of Structural Engineering, 2000: 1288～1294
[13] Gaetano Manfredi, Giovanni Fabbrocino, and Edoardo Cosenza. Modeling of Steel~Concrete Composite Beams Under Negative Bending. Journal of Engineering Mechanics, 1999: 654～66
[14] M.Fragiacomo1, C. Amadio, and M.ASCE, L. Macorini. Finite-Element Model for Collapse and Long-Term Analysis of Steel-Concrete Composite Beams. Journal ofStructural Engineering, 2004: 489～497
[15] Rosenman J, Cullip. High-performance Computing in Radiation Cancer Treatment[J]. CRC Critical Reviews in Biomedical Engineering, 1992.20(5): 391～402
[16] Lecy M, Fuchs H, Pizer SM, eta1.Volume Rendering in Radiation Treatment PlanningIn[J]. CRC Critical Reviews in Biomedical Engineering, 1998, 15(5): 397～409
[17] Klasztorny M: Spatial vibrations of a multi-span railway steel bridge under a train moving at high speed. Archives of Civil Engineering, 2000, 46(2): 287～311
[18] Briechle, K.Hanebeck, U.D.Template matching using fast normalized cross correlation, Proceedings of SPIE-The International Society for Optical Engineering, 2001, 4387: 95~102
[19] Pi-cheng Tung, Yean Hwang, Ming-Chang Wu. The development of mobile manipulator imaging system of bridge inspection. Automation in Constructin, 2002, 24(11): 71～7719
[20] Iklas Abdel-Qader, Osanla Abudayyeh, M.ASCE and Miehael E.Kelly. Analysis of Edge-Detection, Techniques for Crack Idnetifiaction in Bdriges. Journal of Computing Civil Engineering, 2003, (10): 255～263
[21] Leung K.Y.christopher. Relationgship Between the crack width and the low in fiber optical crack sensors[J]. Transactions of BeiJing Institute of Technology.2003, 8
[22] Jianguo Nie, Jiansheng Fan2, and C.S.Cai. Stiffness and Deflection of Steel-Concrete Composite Beams under Negative Bending. Journal of Structural Engineering, November 2004: 1842～185
[23] G. Chen and G. Baker. Influence of Bond Slip on Crack Spacing in Numerical Modeling of Reinforced Concrete. Journal of Structural Engineering, November 2003: 1514～152
[24] M.Y.Mansour, M. Diceli, J.Y. Lee, J. Zhang. Predicting the Shear Strength of Reinforced Concrete Beams Using Artificial Neural Networks. Engineering Structure, January 2004: 781～78
[25] Yoshiaki Okui, Masatsugu Nagai. Block FEM for Time-Dependent Shear-Lag Behavior in Two I-Girder Composite Bridges. Journal of Bridge Engineering, 2007:72～79
[26]姚敏等.数字图像处理(第1版)[M].北京:机械工业出版社, 2006
[27]曾艳华.基于计算机视觉的桥梁表面缺陷检测技术研究: [硕士学位论文].广州:广东工业大学, 2005
[28]查旭东,王文强,高芒芒.基于图像处理技术的连续配筋混凝土路面裂缝宽度检测方法[J].长沙理工大学学报, 2007, 4(1): 13~16
[29]曲哲,陆新征,叶列平.数字摄影测量在混凝土梁受剪性能研究中的应用[J].建筑结构学报, 2006, 27(2): 936~939
[30]邹铁群,侯贵仓,杨峰.基于数字图像处理的表面裂纹检测算法[J].微计算机信息, 2004, 20(4): 80~81
[31] Rafael C. Gonzalez, Richard E. Woods.冈萨雷斯数字图像处理(第二版).北京:电子工业出版社, 2003
[32]章毓晋.图像处理和分析基础(第1版)[M].北京:高等教育出版社, 2002
[33]朱虹.数字图像处理基础(第1版)[M].北京:科学出版社, 2005
[34]赵永红,梁海华,熊春阳.用数字图像相关技术进行岩石损伤的变形分析[J].岩石力学与工程学报, 2002, 21(1): 73~76
[35]彭海波.公路路面病害识别的数字图像处理算法研究: [硕士学位论文].西安:西安工业大学, 2003
[36]阮秋琦.数字图像处理学[M].北京:电子工业出版社, 2001
[37]耿飞,钱春香.图像分析技术在混凝土塑性收缩裂缝定量测试与评价中的应用研究[J].东南大学学报. 2003, 33(6): 774~776
[38]张维峰,刘萌,杨明慧.基于数字图像处理的桥梁裂缝检测技术.现代交通技术, 2008, 5(5)
[39]施树明,初秀民,王荣本.沥青路面破损图像测量方法研究[J].公路交通科技. 2004, 21(7): 12~16
[40]邹铁群,侯贵仓,杨峰.基于数字图像处理的表面裂纹检测算法[J].微计算机信息. 2004, 20(4): 80~81
[41]樊红梅.凸轮轴表面缺陷自动检测中数字图像处理和识别的研究: [硕士学位论文].南京:河海大学, 2002
[42]侯俊杰.深入浅出MFC第二版.武汉:华中科技大学出版社, 2001
[43]李蒙.工程结构构件裂纹的自动搜索与测量技术: [硕士学位论文].天津:天津大学, 2004
[44]王静,李鸿琦,邢冬梅等.数字图像相关方法在桥梁裂缝变形监测中的应用[J].力学季刊. 2003, 24(4): 512~516
[45]孔学株.高精度CCD尺寸自动检测系统的光学系统设计[J].光学技术, 2005, 10(5): 4~7
[46]周长发.精通Visual C++图像处理编程(第三版)[M].北京:电子工业出版社, 2006
[47]李春雨.计算机图形图像理论与实践[M].北京:北京航空航天大学出版社, 2004
[48]付忠良.图像阈值选取方法-Otsu方法的推广,计算机应用, 2000, 20(5): 37~39
[49]杨济安.图像通信与图像处理[M].重庆:重庆大学出版社, 2003
[50]陈兵琦,孙明. Visual C++实用图像处理专业教程[M].北京:清华大学出版社, 2004