虚拟环境人机交互技术研究
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摘要
虚拟现实是一种崭新的计算环境，借助虚拟环境完成虚拟装配在制造业具有十分重要的价值和广阔的应用前景。虚拟环境的关键特性之一是交互性，机械制造领域的特点决定了虚拟装配对人机交互有更高的要求，直接操作技术已经成为一个瓶颈技术。因此，研究虚拟装配中的直接操作技术既具有重要的理论意义，同时对虚拟装配应用也具有重要的实用价值。
操作行为是人在生活和生产实践中掌握的基本能力。由于在现实世界中存在着物理定律的作用和人的复杂感知能力的协助，操作行为能够随心所欲地进行，人们通过装配操作行为完成产品的装配实验和装配生产。但是，在虚拟环境中没有物理定律的作用，人们很难建立对三维虚拟空间的深度及环境中复杂关系的感知和认知，尽管三维空间中的直接操作是一种最自然的人机交互方式，但至今它仍然是一个难点问题。本文是作者在国家863基础研究项目的基础上，在虚拟环境人机交互和虚拟装配研究方面的工作总结。以虚拟装配应用需求为驱动，从应用中的实际问题出发，紧紧围绕直接操作这个主题，展开深入细致的基础研究。
本文包含五个基本内容，一是完成了直接操作的时序化构造；二是给出了虚拟装配的交互模式；三是提出了基于主动对象构造的感知机制及感知算法；四是给出了面向虚拟装配人机交互的装配体模型构造；五是给出了面向交互的装配体模型。对于实现自然和谐的直接操作这个目标来说，直接操作的时序化构造是基础和先决条件，虚拟装配的交互模式是核心，感知机制及感知算法是基础设施，面向交互的装配体模型是交互语义实现的核心内容。
Virtual reality is a kind of new computing environment, of which one of the critical characteristics is interactivity. Virtual assembly, which is in the virtue of virtual environment technology, has very high use value and a broad prospect in manufacturing. Because of the particularity of mechanical manufacturing, virtual assembly call for higher demand to human-computer interaction, direct manipulation has become a bottleneck technique. Research on direct manipulation in virtual assembly not only has important theoretical significance, but also has high application value.
Manipulation is the basic mankind capability that is mastered from the living and working activity. There is not any natural law to rule the virtual environment, also, there has many difficulties for man to build the perception and cognition of the 3D depth information and complicated relationships in the virtual environment, though direct manipulation is the most natural mode of human-computer interaction, it is still an open question. This dissertation is a summing-up of the author's research work in virtual environment interaction and virtual assembly, both of which are based on the work of the national 863 high-tech development project. It is a deep and fundamental research on direct manipulation, which is driven by the requirement of virtual assembly application and stems from the practical problems.
There are four main contents. First is that this dissertation present a method of sequentialization of direct manipulation, the second is that it put forward an interaction mode for virtual assembly, the third is that it gives a perception mechanism and related on-line algorithms that are based on active object construction, the fourth is that this thesis gives an assembly body model which is interaction-oriented. The sequentialization of direct manipulation is one of the fundamental tasks of user intention understanding. A new human-computer interaction mode can make the virtual assembly broken away from collision-detect-based interaction, and also will make the users intention more easily be grasped by virtual environment. The perception mechanism and related on-line algorithms ensure the mode-based interaction being feasible. Interaction-oriented assembly body model is a critical model that is absolutely necessary for virtual assembly software construction that has real interactive software architecture.
操作行为是人在生活和生产实践中掌握的基本能力。由于在现实世界中存在着物理定律的作用和人的复杂感知能力的协助，操作行为能够随心所欲地进行，人们通过装配操作行为完成产品的装配实验和装配生产。但是，在虚拟环境中没有物理定律的作用，人们很难建立对三维虚拟空间的深度及环境中复杂关系的感知和认知，尽管三维空间中的直接操作是一种最自然的人机交互方式，但至今它仍然是一个难点问题。本文是作者在国家863基础研究项目的基础上，在虚拟环境人机交互和虚拟装配研究方面的工作总结。以虚拟装配应用需求为驱动，从应用中的实际问题出发，紧紧围绕直接操作这个主题，展开深入细致的基础研究。
本文包含五个基本内容，一是完成了直接操作的时序化构造；二是给出了虚拟装配的交互模式；三是提出了基于主动对象构造的感知机制及感知算法；四是给出了面向虚拟装配人机交互的装配体模型构造；五是给出了面向交互的装配体模型。对于实现自然和谐的直接操作这个目标来说，直接操作的时序化构造是基础和先决条件，虚拟装配的交互模式是核心，感知机制及感知算法是基础设施，面向交互的装配体模型是交互语义实现的核心内容。
Virtual reality is a kind of new computing environment, of which one of the critical characteristics is interactivity. Virtual assembly, which is in the virtue of virtual environment technology, has very high use value and a broad prospect in manufacturing. Because of the particularity of mechanical manufacturing, virtual assembly call for higher demand to human-computer interaction, direct manipulation has become a bottleneck technique. Research on direct manipulation in virtual assembly not only has important theoretical significance, but also has high application value.
Manipulation is the basic mankind capability that is mastered from the living and working activity. There is not any natural law to rule the virtual environment, also, there has many difficulties for man to build the perception and cognition of the 3D depth information and complicated relationships in the virtual environment, though direct manipulation is the most natural mode of human-computer interaction, it is still an open question. This dissertation is a summing-up of the author's research work in virtual environment interaction and virtual assembly, both of which are based on the work of the national 863 high-tech development project. It is a deep and fundamental research on direct manipulation, which is driven by the requirement of virtual assembly application and stems from the practical problems.
There are four main contents. First is that this dissertation present a method of sequentialization of direct manipulation, the second is that it put forward an interaction mode for virtual assembly, the third is that it gives a perception mechanism and related on-line algorithms that are based on active object construction, the fourth is that this thesis gives an assembly body model which is interaction-oriented. The sequentialization of direct manipulation is one of the fundamental tasks of user intention understanding. A new human-computer interaction mode can make the virtual assembly broken away from collision-detect-based interaction, and also will make the users intention more easily be grasped by virtual environment. The perception mechanism and related on-line algorithms ensure the mode-based interaction being feasible. Interaction-oriented assembly body model is a critical model that is absolutely necessary for virtual assembly software construction that has real interactive software architecture.
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