特大型多功能结构试验加载系统的结构设计与分析
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摘要
为了适应结构试验的发展趋势,北京工业大学开发研制了特大型多功能结构试验加载系统。此系统建成之后可承做原型构件的静、动载试验,试验结果可直接用于指导实际结构的设计工作,对重大建筑结构特别是2008 年北京奥运会的建筑及各类新型建筑结构的设计均有重要意义。
本文简述了加载系统的结构设计。设计的独创之处在于将多键牙竖向承力机构首次用在加载系统上,同时采用侧力消除桥与多键牙承力机构的组合,不仅可上下导向,而且可以抗侧力,从而使一台试验装置可进行多种动、静试验,达到了一机多用的目的。本文的重心是采用有限元分析软件ANSYS8.0 对加载系统的结构进行静态分析和模态分析,以验证其设计的合理性。
静态分析结果表明,加载系统的加载值达到极限荷载时,上横梁的约束节点处、键牙导向槽和导轨组成体系的荷载作用附近易发生应力集中,是危险区域。考虑材料的塑性作用重新分析,集中应力迅速下降,能够满足要求。地面支承架和大反力支承架在极限荷载作用下的最大等效应力均小于材料的屈服强度。同时,加载系统在极限荷载作用下,各部分结构的变形值均很小,完全满足加工精度及系统本身对变形的要求。综上所述,加载系统具有足够的强度和刚度。
模态分析结果表明,各分析模型的基频均大于相应的油缸作动器的冲击频率,加载系统工作时不会有共振现象发生;从振型图可看出,加载系统结构的整体刚度和质量分布较均衡,无明显的薄弱和过剩部位,这有利于发挥系统的整体性能。综上所述,加载系统具有合理的动态特性参数。
In order to keep up with the development of the structure test, Beijing University of Technology has invested and developed the oversize multifunctional structure test loading system. If set up successfully, this most advanced system can be used to launch previously impossible immobile and mobile loading tests, the result of which can directly be applied to actual structural design. As a result, the loading system is of important significance to the design of the momentous buildings, especially constructions of 2008 Olympic Game and all kinds of new-style constructions.
The paper described the structural design of the loading system in brief. The innovation of the design was that, it had used the multi-key-teeth vertical bearing framework on the loading system for the first time, and it also assembled the side-force elimination bridge and the multi-key-teeth bearing framework. So it can move up and down and counteract the side-force at the same time. As a result, many kinds of immobile and mobile tests, which previously should be carried on separately, can be executed on one machine. The thesis is mainly devoted to prove the validity of the design by analyzing the structure of the loading system, via FEA analysis software ANSYS8.0.
The result of the static analysis indicated that, when the load reached the ultimate value, the stress convergence would occur in the upper beam’s restricted nodes and the load location of the system of key-teeth orientation trough and orientation orbit, so the regions were very dangerous. If we analyzed again thinking of the plasticity of the material, the convergence stress decreased rapidly, and it could meet the request. The most equivalent stress of the ground supporting frame and the large reaction wall under the action of the ultimate load was less than the yield strength. At the same time, the distortion of the loading system under the limit working condition meets the precision and distortion request. Thus, the conclusion can be drawn that the loading system design proposed by this thesis is strong and stiff enough to ensure safety under working condition.
The result of the mode analysis indicated that, the basic frequency of every analyzing model was higher than the relevant concussion frequency of the oil crock concussion stunner, so resonance phenomenon would not occur when the loading system was working. Seeing from the vibration model chats, the whole rigidity and mass of the loading system structure had a balanced distribution, and there were not obvious unsubstantial and superfluous parts, which would be quite advantageous to the mobile capability of the system. To sum up, the loading system had rational dynamic characteristic parameters.
本文简述了加载系统的结构设计。设计的独创之处在于将多键牙竖向承力机构首次用在加载系统上,同时采用侧力消除桥与多键牙承力机构的组合,不仅可上下导向,而且可以抗侧力,从而使一台试验装置可进行多种动、静试验,达到了一机多用的目的。本文的重心是采用有限元分析软件ANSYS8.0 对加载系统的结构进行静态分析和模态分析,以验证其设计的合理性。
静态分析结果表明,加载系统的加载值达到极限荷载时,上横梁的约束节点处、键牙导向槽和导轨组成体系的荷载作用附近易发生应力集中,是危险区域。考虑材料的塑性作用重新分析,集中应力迅速下降,能够满足要求。地面支承架和大反力支承架在极限荷载作用下的最大等效应力均小于材料的屈服强度。同时,加载系统在极限荷载作用下,各部分结构的变形值均很小,完全满足加工精度及系统本身对变形的要求。综上所述,加载系统具有足够的强度和刚度。
模态分析结果表明,各分析模型的基频均大于相应的油缸作动器的冲击频率,加载系统工作时不会有共振现象发生;从振型图可看出,加载系统结构的整体刚度和质量分布较均衡,无明显的薄弱和过剩部位,这有利于发挥系统的整体性能。综上所述,加载系统具有合理的动态特性参数。
In order to keep up with the development of the structure test, Beijing University of Technology has invested and developed the oversize multifunctional structure test loading system. If set up successfully, this most advanced system can be used to launch previously impossible immobile and mobile loading tests, the result of which can directly be applied to actual structural design. As a result, the loading system is of important significance to the design of the momentous buildings, especially constructions of 2008 Olympic Game and all kinds of new-style constructions.
The paper described the structural design of the loading system in brief. The innovation of the design was that, it had used the multi-key-teeth vertical bearing framework on the loading system for the first time, and it also assembled the side-force elimination bridge and the multi-key-teeth bearing framework. So it can move up and down and counteract the side-force at the same time. As a result, many kinds of immobile and mobile tests, which previously should be carried on separately, can be executed on one machine. The thesis is mainly devoted to prove the validity of the design by analyzing the structure of the loading system, via FEA analysis software ANSYS8.0.
The result of the static analysis indicated that, when the load reached the ultimate value, the stress convergence would occur in the upper beam’s restricted nodes and the load location of the system of key-teeth orientation trough and orientation orbit, so the regions were very dangerous. If we analyzed again thinking of the plasticity of the material, the convergence stress decreased rapidly, and it could meet the request. The most equivalent stress of the ground supporting frame and the large reaction wall under the action of the ultimate load was less than the yield strength. At the same time, the distortion of the loading system under the limit working condition meets the precision and distortion request. Thus, the conclusion can be drawn that the loading system design proposed by this thesis is strong and stiff enough to ensure safety under working condition.
The result of the mode analysis indicated that, the basic frequency of every analyzing model was higher than the relevant concussion frequency of the oil crock concussion stunner, so resonance phenomenon would not occur when the loading system was working. Seeing from the vibration model chats, the whole rigidity and mass of the loading system structure had a balanced distribution, and there were not obvious unsubstantial and superfluous parts, which would be quite advantageous to the mobile capability of the system. To sum up, the loading system had rational dynamic characteristic parameters.
引文
1 北京富力通达科技有限公司.北京工业大学40000KN 多功能电液伺服加载试验系统方案.2002.10.15:35～91
2 http://www.hongshan.net/cn/company/tmxxb102/fl102.asp?siteid=1&lmid=4001& flbh=102001
3 http://www.instrument.com.cn/netshow/SH100567
4 http://www.schenck-sh.com/cn/product.asp?id=49
5 朱钒,张志,张道富,李庆亮,司徒忠.国内外液压机技术现状及发展趋势.机床与液压.2000,No.1
6 MTS 设备应用于土木工程研究
7 骆涵秀.试验机的电液控制系统[M].北京:机械工业出版社,1999
8 Lin, Yuyi; Wen, Guoping; Li, Huachao; Xue, Kang. Design of a 300-ton hydraulic press for a high speed compaction of coal logs. American Society of Mechanical Engineers(Paper). 1996,Vol.6
9 杨可森,席中慧,李宏伟,程永全.电液伺服动静万能试验机液压系统设计的一些原则. 工程设计学报.Vol.9,No.3,Aug.2002
10 任重.ANSYS 实用分析教程.北京大学出版社.2003.3
11 李景涌.有限元法[M].北京:北京邮电大学出版社.1999
12 Cook R D. Concepts and Application of Finite Element Analysis. John Wiley & Sons. Inc.1982
13 王生洪,吴家琪.有限元法基础及应用.长沙:国防科技大学出版社,1990
14 杨列珊.ANSYS 技术在结构分析中的应用.公路汽运.总第94 期
15 郝文化.ANSYS 土木工程应用实例.中国水利水电出版社.2005 年1 月
16 杨小兰,刘极峰,陈旋.基于ANSYS的有限元法网格划分浅析.煤矿机械.2005年01期
17 纪爱敏,罗衍领,彭铎,於磊.QY35K型汽车起重机车架的有限元分析.起重运输机械.2003,Vol.10
18 Ying Tan, Kevin Wilkins, Vernon Matzen. Correlation of test and FEA results for elbows subjected to out-of-plane loading. Nuclear
Engineering and Design.2002,Vol.217
19 A.A. Mufti, G. Tadros, A.C. Agarwal. On the use of finite element programs in structural evaluation and development of design charts. Canad. J. Civil Eng.1994,Vol.21
20 Lu Xinzheng, Yang Ning, Jiang Jianjing. Application of computer simulation technology for structure analysis in disaster. Automation in Construction. 2004,Vol.13
21 Huang, Shiuh-Jer, Chen, Shinn-Horng. Optimal control and analysis of hydraulic machine tool servo system. International Journal of Machine Tools & Manufacture. 1992,Vol.32
22 张盛华.快锻液压机机架的有限元分析.西北工业大学硕士学位论文.2004
23 H.Bahai. A parametric model for axial and bending stress concentration factors in API drill string threaded connectors. The International Journal of Pressure Vessels and Piping.2001,Vol.78
24 李德军,李培武,管延锦,谢春雷.22MN 液压机整体框架式机身的有限元分析.塑性工程学报.1995 年9 月.第2 卷第三期
25 Abul Fazal M. Arif. On the use of non-linear finite element analysis in deformation evaluation and development of design charts for extrusion processes. Finite Elements in Analysis and Design. 2003, Vol. 39
26 H. Abbas, N.K. Gupta, M. Alam. Nonlinear response of concrete beams and plates under impact loading. International Journal of Impact Engineering. 2004,Vol.30
27 Zhang, Cunhui. Finite element modeling of the frame structure of a 300MN hydraulic forging press. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, Pressure Vessels and Piping Devision PVP. v 295, Recent Advances in Structural Mechanics. 1994
28 Cardona, A; Geradin, M. Modeling of a hydraulic actuator in flexible machine dynamics simulation. Mechanism and Machine Theory.
1990,Vol.25
29 易日.使用ANSYS6.1 进行结构力学分析.北京大学出版社.2002.11
30 佘翊妮.基于有限元的客车车身结构分析.武汉理工大学硕士学位论文.200
31 王学林,徐岷,胡于进.机床模态特性的有限元分析.机床与液压.2005,No.2
32 王颖,孔令超,宁建国.ZJ70D型钻机双升式底座有限元模态分析.石油机械.2005,Vol.33,No.2
33 张勇,张力,胡崛,杨勇.重型车车架组合结构的有限元分析.机械与电子. 2005(2)
34 王丽,苏荣华.提升机有限元模态分析.煤矿机械.2005年第二期
35 高振莉.冷轧钢模板矫形机有限元分析.建筑机械.2005.01
36 Maurice Petyt. Introduction to finite element vibration analysis. Cambridge University Press. 1990
37 崔志琴,苏铁熊,赵冬青.复杂组合结构的有限元模态分析.华北工学院学报.Vol.22,No.3,2001
38 Rhee HC. Three-dimensional finite element analysis of threaded joint. Proc ASME OMAE conf. 1990,Ⅲ(A):293-7
39 P.J. Murtagh, B. Basu, B.M. Broderick. Simple models for natural frequencies and mode shapes of towers supporting utilities. Computers and Structures. 2004,Vol.82
40 Steinberg D. Vibration analysis for electronic equipments. New York: Wiley and Sons,1988.
41 Jingshu Wu, Ray Ruichong Zhang, Steve Radons, Xiaole Long, Karl K. Stevens. Vibration analysis of medical devices with a calibrated FEA model. Computers and Structures. 2003,Vol.75
42 张氢,孙国正,刘刚.门座起重机臂架系统动态特性的有限元分析.武汉交通科技大学学报. Vol.21,No.1,Feb.1997
43 Wong TL, Stevens K. Experimental modal analysis and dynamic response prediction of PC boards with surface mounted components. ASME J Electron
2 http://www.hongshan.net/cn/company/tmxxb102/fl102.asp?siteid=1&lmid=4001& flbh=102001
3 http://www.instrument.com.cn/netshow/SH100567
4 http://www.schenck-sh.com/cn/product.asp?id=49
5 朱钒,张志,张道富,李庆亮,司徒忠.国内外液压机技术现状及发展趋势.机床与液压.2000,No.1
6 MTS 设备应用于土木工程研究
7 骆涵秀.试验机的电液控制系统[M].北京:机械工业出版社,1999
8 Lin, Yuyi; Wen, Guoping; Li, Huachao; Xue, Kang. Design of a 300-ton hydraulic press for a high speed compaction of coal logs. American Society of Mechanical Engineers(Paper). 1996,Vol.6
9 杨可森,席中慧,李宏伟,程永全.电液伺服动静万能试验机液压系统设计的一些原则. 工程设计学报.Vol.9,No.3,Aug.2002
10 任重.ANSYS 实用分析教程.北京大学出版社.2003.3
11 李景涌.有限元法[M].北京:北京邮电大学出版社.1999
12 Cook R D. Concepts and Application of Finite Element Analysis. John Wiley & Sons. Inc.1982
13 王生洪,吴家琪.有限元法基础及应用.长沙:国防科技大学出版社,1990
14 杨列珊.ANSYS 技术在结构分析中的应用.公路汽运.总第94 期
15 郝文化.ANSYS 土木工程应用实例.中国水利水电出版社.2005 年1 月
16 杨小兰,刘极峰,陈旋.基于ANSYS的有限元法网格划分浅析.煤矿机械.2005年01期
17 纪爱敏,罗衍领,彭铎,於磊.QY35K型汽车起重机车架的有限元分析.起重运输机械.2003,Vol.10
18 Ying Tan, Kevin Wilkins, Vernon Matzen. Correlation of test and FEA results for elbows subjected to out-of-plane loading. Nuclear
Engineering and Design.2002,Vol.217
19 A.A. Mufti, G. Tadros, A.C. Agarwal. On the use of finite element programs in structural evaluation and development of design charts. Canad. J. Civil Eng.1994,Vol.21
20 Lu Xinzheng, Yang Ning, Jiang Jianjing. Application of computer simulation technology for structure analysis in disaster. Automation in Construction. 2004,Vol.13
21 Huang, Shiuh-Jer, Chen, Shinn-Horng. Optimal control and analysis of hydraulic machine tool servo system. International Journal of Machine Tools & Manufacture. 1992,Vol.32
22 张盛华.快锻液压机机架的有限元分析.西北工业大学硕士学位论文.2004
23 H.Bahai. A parametric model for axial and bending stress concentration factors in API drill string threaded connectors. The International Journal of Pressure Vessels and Piping.2001,Vol.78
24 李德军,李培武,管延锦,谢春雷.22MN 液压机整体框架式机身的有限元分析.塑性工程学报.1995 年9 月.第2 卷第三期
25 Abul Fazal M. Arif. On the use of non-linear finite element analysis in deformation evaluation and development of design charts for extrusion processes. Finite Elements in Analysis and Design. 2003, Vol. 39
26 H. Abbas, N.K. Gupta, M. Alam. Nonlinear response of concrete beams and plates under impact loading. International Journal of Impact Engineering. 2004,Vol.30
27 Zhang, Cunhui. Finite element modeling of the frame structure of a 300MN hydraulic forging press. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, Pressure Vessels and Piping Devision PVP. v 295, Recent Advances in Structural Mechanics. 1994
28 Cardona, A; Geradin, M. Modeling of a hydraulic actuator in flexible machine dynamics simulation. Mechanism and Machine Theory.
1990,Vol.25
29 易日.使用ANSYS6.1 进行结构力学分析.北京大学出版社.2002.11
30 佘翊妮.基于有限元的客车车身结构分析.武汉理工大学硕士学位论文.200
31 王学林,徐岷,胡于进.机床模态特性的有限元分析.机床与液压.2005,No.2
32 王颖,孔令超,宁建国.ZJ70D型钻机双升式底座有限元模态分析.石油机械.2005,Vol.33,No.2
33 张勇,张力,胡崛,杨勇.重型车车架组合结构的有限元分析.机械与电子. 2005(2)
34 王丽,苏荣华.提升机有限元模态分析.煤矿机械.2005年第二期
35 高振莉.冷轧钢模板矫形机有限元分析.建筑机械.2005.01
36 Maurice Petyt. Introduction to finite element vibration analysis. Cambridge University Press. 1990
37 崔志琴,苏铁熊,赵冬青.复杂组合结构的有限元模态分析.华北工学院学报.Vol.22,No.3,2001
38 Rhee HC. Three-dimensional finite element analysis of threaded joint. Proc ASME OMAE conf. 1990,Ⅲ(A):293-7
39 P.J. Murtagh, B. Basu, B.M. Broderick. Simple models for natural frequencies and mode shapes of towers supporting utilities. Computers and Structures. 2004,Vol.82
40 Steinberg D. Vibration analysis for electronic equipments. New York: Wiley and Sons,1988.
41 Jingshu Wu, Ray Ruichong Zhang, Steve Radons, Xiaole Long, Karl K. Stevens. Vibration analysis of medical devices with a calibrated FEA model. Computers and Structures. 2003,Vol.75
42 张氢,孙国正,刘刚.门座起重机臂架系统动态特性的有限元分析.武汉交通科技大学学报. Vol.21,No.1,Feb.1997
43 Wong TL, Stevens K. Experimental modal analysis and dynamic response prediction of PC boards with surface mounted components. ASME J Electron