江西省文港毛笔产业集群研究
摘要
产业集群是经济全球化背景下一种普遍的经济现象,它作为一种新型产业组织形式,可以有效地促进区域经济发展。也正基于此,产业集群不仅在理论研究上一片繁荣,在实践中,地方政府对培养产业集群也表现出极大的热情。产业集是一个不断变化、不断演进、不断发展的过程,可分为孕育、成长、成熟和衰退四个阶段。因此在研究产业集群发展过程中,首先要判断该产业集群所处的阶段,再根据具体的情况制定合理的政策来促进产业集群的发展。本文就是在这一背景下研究文港毛笔产业集群,通过对实例的深入分析,丰富对我国欠发达地区产业集群发展的研究,为其它地区发展产业集群提供借鉴。
本文运用产业集群发展的阶段性理论,通过对江西省进贤县文港毛笔产业集群的实地调研,认为文港毛笔产业集群处于产业集群成长的初级阶段,文港毛笔产业集群发展策略的制定要充分考虑其所处的发展阶段。以此核心观点为主线,本文共分六个部分。
第一部分为绪论,主要介绍论文选题的背景以及研究意义,并对国内外相关文献进行了综述,认为目前我国学者对欠发达地区产业集群的研究刚刚开始,尚未形成完善的理论体系,尤其是缺乏对欠发达地区产业集群所处阶段的判断,许多地区仅采用一般的产业集群发展模式来模仿和发展。最后阐述了本文的研究内容与结构、研究方法和创新与不足。
第二部分为理论基础,主要对产业集群进行了定义,以及分析了人们对产业集群认识上存在的误区,然后介绍了产业集群发展阶段的相关理论,分析了划分产业集群发展阶段的集群规模变动、劳动力供求变化、专业化分工程度、网络组织化程度、集群产业配套程度和竞争优势等七个指标和产业集群发展四个阶段的特征以及产业集群各阶段的形成条件,为判断一个地区的产业集群处在什么样的阶段和如何促进产业集群的成长提供了理论基础。
第三部分为历史分析,主要介绍文港毛笔产业集群的发展概况,其中包括文港毛笔产业集群的现状、形成与发展的历史轨迹和发展的特点,为判断文港毛笔产业集群所处阶段提供历史依据。
第四部分为实证分析,笔者根据社会实践调查获得的资料和数据,从六个方面分别对文港毛笔产业集群的形成与发展机制进行了分析,并分析了目前文港毛笔产业集群发展中存在的主要问题,为判断文港毛笔产业集群所处阶段提供现实依据。
第五部分为比较分析。大唐袜业集群作为发达地区传统产业集群的代表,与文港毛笔产业集群有着许多相似之处。本章通过对大唐袜业集群发展历史和现状的分析,并将其与文港毛笔产业集群进行比较,为分析文港毛笔产业集群提供了比较依据,也为如何促进文港毛笔产业集群的发展提供了借鉴和启示。
第六部分为政策建议,主要在前几章分析的基础上,结合文港毛笔产业集群还处在产业集群成长的初级阶段和欠发达地区的实际情况,从企业、产业和政府层面针对性地提出了自己的建议。
Industrial clusters is a kind of common phenomenon under the background of economic the background of globalization. Based on this, the study of industrial clusters is so much not only on theory, but also in practice. Local governments are showed great enthusiasm for cultivating industrial clusters. Industrial clusters is a constantly changing, constantly evolving and constantly developing process. It is divided into four stages. There are inoculation stage, growth stage, maturity stage and recession stage. Therefore, it should firstly judge the industrial clusters stage in the process of studying industrial clusters, then make reasonable policies to promote the development of industrial clusters according to the specific condition. This paper study Wengang brush industrial clusters under this kind of background. Through analyzing the example deeply, One hand, it can enrich the study of local industrial clusters development of undeveloped areas and provide reference which how to develop local industrial clusters for other areas.
Based on the stage theory of industrial clusters development and through on-the-spot investigation of Wengang brush industrial clusters in Jinxian town Jiangxi province, this paper considers Wengang brush industrial clusters is in the primary stage of growth of industrial clusters, so making development strategy of Wengang brush industrial clusters should fully consider which stage this industrial clusters is in. this paper is divided into six parts according to this key point.
The first part is prolegomenon. It provides an introduction to background of study and why studies the subject, reviews the home and abroad relevant literatures and considers the study of industrial clusters of undeveloped areas has just started for Chinese scholars, especially for judging which stage those industrial clusters of undeveloped areas in. Many governments use general industrial clusters development models to imitate and develop it in many areas. At last, this part expounds the study contents and framework, study methods, creative point and deficiency of this paper.
The second part is the theoretical basis. This part firstly defines what is industrial clusters and analyzes some mistaken ideas about industrial clusters, then provides an introduction to related theory of development stage of industrial clusters, analyzes seven indicators which divided industrial clusters stage. Those indicators are cluster scale, change of labor supply and demand, degree of specialization, degree of organization, degree of supporting industries and competitive advantage. It also analyzes the characteristics and formation conditions of each stage of industrial clusters. It provides a good foundation of theoretical basis for judging which stage Wengang brush industrial cluster is in.
The third part is the historical analysis. It provides an introduction to general situation of Wengang brush industrial clusters development, including the current situation of Wengang brush industrial clusters and the historical trajectory of formation and development and the characteristics of development. It provides an historical basis for judging which stage Wengang brush industrial clusters is in.
The fourth part is an empirical analysis. It analysis formation and development mechanism of Wengang brush industrial clusters from six aspects based on those information and data by on-the-spot investigation, also analyzes the main problems of Wengang brush industrial clusters existed. It provides realistic basis for judging which stage Wengang brush industrial clusters is in.
The fifth part is the comparative analysis. Datang socks industrial clusters is the representation of traditional industrial clusters in developed areas. They are many similarities compared with Wengang brush industrial clusters. This part analyzes the development history and current situation of Datang socks industrial clusters and compares the two of them. It provides comparison basis for analyzing Wengang brush industrial clusters, and also provides reference and enlightenment for how to promote Wengang brush industrial clusters development.
The last part is policy suggestions. It puts forward some suggestions form three aspects which are enterprise, industry and government based on the earlier chapters and the fact that Wengang is still in primary stage of growth of industrial clusters and lies in undeveloped areas.
本文运用产业集群发展的阶段性理论,通过对江西省进贤县文港毛笔产业集群的实地调研,认为文港毛笔产业集群处于产业集群成长的初级阶段,文港毛笔产业集群发展策略的制定要充分考虑其所处的发展阶段。以此核心观点为主线,本文共分六个部分。
第一部分为绪论,主要介绍论文选题的背景以及研究意义,并对国内外相关文献进行了综述,认为目前我国学者对欠发达地区产业集群的研究刚刚开始,尚未形成完善的理论体系,尤其是缺乏对欠发达地区产业集群所处阶段的判断,许多地区仅采用一般的产业集群发展模式来模仿和发展。最后阐述了本文的研究内容与结构、研究方法和创新与不足。
第二部分为理论基础,主要对产业集群进行了定义,以及分析了人们对产业集群认识上存在的误区,然后介绍了产业集群发展阶段的相关理论,分析了划分产业集群发展阶段的集群规模变动、劳动力供求变化、专业化分工程度、网络组织化程度、集群产业配套程度和竞争优势等七个指标和产业集群发展四个阶段的特征以及产业集群各阶段的形成条件,为判断一个地区的产业集群处在什么样的阶段和如何促进产业集群的成长提供了理论基础。
第三部分为历史分析,主要介绍文港毛笔产业集群的发展概况,其中包括文港毛笔产业集群的现状、形成与发展的历史轨迹和发展的特点,为判断文港毛笔产业集群所处阶段提供历史依据。
第四部分为实证分析,笔者根据社会实践调查获得的资料和数据,从六个方面分别对文港毛笔产业集群的形成与发展机制进行了分析,并分析了目前文港毛笔产业集群发展中存在的主要问题,为判断文港毛笔产业集群所处阶段提供现实依据。
第五部分为比较分析。大唐袜业集群作为发达地区传统产业集群的代表,与文港毛笔产业集群有着许多相似之处。本章通过对大唐袜业集群发展历史和现状的分析,并将其与文港毛笔产业集群进行比较,为分析文港毛笔产业集群提供了比较依据,也为如何促进文港毛笔产业集群的发展提供了借鉴和启示。
第六部分为政策建议,主要在前几章分析的基础上,结合文港毛笔产业集群还处在产业集群成长的初级阶段和欠发达地区的实际情况,从企业、产业和政府层面针对性地提出了自己的建议。
Industrial clusters is a kind of common phenomenon under the background of economic the background of globalization. Based on this, the study of industrial clusters is so much not only on theory, but also in practice. Local governments are showed great enthusiasm for cultivating industrial clusters. Industrial clusters is a constantly changing, constantly evolving and constantly developing process. It is divided into four stages. There are inoculation stage, growth stage, maturity stage and recession stage. Therefore, it should firstly judge the industrial clusters stage in the process of studying industrial clusters, then make reasonable policies to promote the development of industrial clusters according to the specific condition. This paper study Wengang brush industrial clusters under this kind of background. Through analyzing the example deeply, One hand, it can enrich the study of local industrial clusters development of undeveloped areas and provide reference which how to develop local industrial clusters for other areas.
Based on the stage theory of industrial clusters development and through on-the-spot investigation of Wengang brush industrial clusters in Jinxian town Jiangxi province, this paper considers Wengang brush industrial clusters is in the primary stage of growth of industrial clusters, so making development strategy of Wengang brush industrial clusters should fully consider which stage this industrial clusters is in. this paper is divided into six parts according to this key point.
The first part is prolegomenon. It provides an introduction to background of study and why studies the subject, reviews the home and abroad relevant literatures and considers the study of industrial clusters of undeveloped areas has just started for Chinese scholars, especially for judging which stage those industrial clusters of undeveloped areas in. Many governments use general industrial clusters development models to imitate and develop it in many areas. At last, this part expounds the study contents and framework, study methods, creative point and deficiency of this paper.
The second part is the theoretical basis. This part firstly defines what is industrial clusters and analyzes some mistaken ideas about industrial clusters, then provides an introduction to related theory of development stage of industrial clusters, analyzes seven indicators which divided industrial clusters stage. Those indicators are cluster scale, change of labor supply and demand, degree of specialization, degree of organization, degree of supporting industries and competitive advantage. It also analyzes the characteristics and formation conditions of each stage of industrial clusters. It provides a good foundation of theoretical basis for judging which stage Wengang brush industrial cluster is in.
The third part is the historical analysis. It provides an introduction to general situation of Wengang brush industrial clusters development, including the current situation of Wengang brush industrial clusters and the historical trajectory of formation and development and the characteristics of development. It provides an historical basis for judging which stage Wengang brush industrial clusters is in.
The fourth part is an empirical analysis. It analysis formation and development mechanism of Wengang brush industrial clusters from six aspects based on those information and data by on-the-spot investigation, also analyzes the main problems of Wengang brush industrial clusters existed. It provides realistic basis for judging which stage Wengang brush industrial clusters is in.
The fifth part is the comparative analysis. Datang socks industrial clusters is the representation of traditional industrial clusters in developed areas. They are many similarities compared with Wengang brush industrial clusters. This part analyzes the development history and current situation of Datang socks industrial clusters and compares the two of them. It provides comparison basis for analyzing Wengang brush industrial clusters, and also provides reference and enlightenment for how to promote Wengang brush industrial clusters development.
The last part is policy suggestions. It puts forward some suggestions form three aspects which are enterprise, industry and government based on the earlier chapters and the fact that Wengang is still in primary stage of growth of industrial clusters and lies in undeveloped areas.
引文
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6 这里的五大主体是根据国际一些成功的产业集群经验总结得出的结论,但实际上我国只有很少的产业集群同时存在这样的五大主体,尤其是一些欠发达地区的产业集群,当地很难有专业化的研究机构或专业的培训学校等。
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25 盛世豪,郑燕伟.“浙江现象“产业集群与区域经济发展[M].北京:清华大学出版社:137
26 张聪群.产业集群互动机理研究[M].北京:经济科学出版社:200-201
27 浙江在线网,http://zjnews.com
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29 朱华晟.浙江产业群:产业网络、成长轨迹与发展动力[M].浙江:浙江大学出版社:126-129
30 杨贤芬.大唐袜业产业集群发展的影响因素分析[D].浙江:浙江大学,2006
31 数据来源于浙江在线网和笔者访谈数据。(http://zjnews.zjol.com.cn/05zjnews/system/2009/07/08/015653279.shtml)
32 张聪群.产业集群互动机理研究[M].北京:经济科学出版社,2007:204
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2 孙洛平,孙海琳.产业集聚的交易费用理论[M].北京:中国社会科学出版社,2006:19
4 赵延东,张文霞.集群还是堆积:对地方工业园区建设的反思[J].中国工业经济,2008(01):131
5 马建会.产业集群成长机理研究[M].北京:中国社会科学出版社,2007:3
6 这里的五大主体是根据国际一些成功的产业集群经验总结得出的结论,但实际上我国只有很少的产业集群同时存在这样的五大主体,尤其是一些欠发达地区的产业集群,当地很难有专业化的研究机构或专业的培训学校等。
7 王缉慈.解读产业集群[C].中国产业集群(第1辑).北京:机械工业出版社,2005:2-12
9 官仲章.产业集群可持续发展研究[D].浙江师范大学.2006
10 池仁勇,郭元源,段姗,陈瑶瑶.产业集群发展阶段理论研究[J].软科学.2005(5):3
11 王朋飞.产业集群发展阶段研究:以青岛电子信息产业集群为例[D]:山东:中国海洋大学.2006
12 官仲章.产业集群可持续发展研究[D].浙江师范大学.2006
13 赵海东,吴晓军.产业集群的阶段性演进[J].理论界.2006(6):51
17 官仲章.产业集群可持续发展研究[D].浙江:浙江师范大学硕士论文,2003
18 赵海东,吴晓军.产业集群的阶段性演进[J].理论界.2006(6):52
19 庞之栋.产业集群生命周期分析[J].现代管理科学.2007(08):88
20 池仁勇,郭元源,段姗,陈瑶瑶.产业集群发展阶段理论研究[J].软科学.2005(5):3
22 朱华晟.浙江产业群:产业网络、成长轨迹与发展动力[M].浙江:浙江大学出版社,2003:50
23 刘继云、李建德.江西文港制笔产业群的调查报告[C].中国产业集群(第2缉),北京:机械工业出版社,2005
24 吕文栋,朱华晟.浙江产业集群的动力机制:基于企业家的视角[J].中国工业经济,2004(4):86-93
25 盛世豪,郑燕伟.“浙江现象“产业集群与区域经济发展[M].北京:清华大学出版社:137
26 张聪群.产业集群互动机理研究[M].北京:经济科学出版社:200-201
27 浙江在线网,http://zjnews.com
28 王冬.产业集群可持续发展能力研究[D].上海:东华大学,2007:52
29 朱华晟.浙江产业群:产业网络、成长轨迹与发展动力[M].浙江:浙江大学出版社:126-129
30 杨贤芬.大唐袜业产业集群发展的影响因素分析[D].浙江:浙江大学,2006
31 数据来源于浙江在线网和笔者访谈数据。(http://zjnews.zjol.com.cn/05zjnews/system/2009/07/08/015653279.shtml)
32 张聪群.产业集群互动机理研究[M].北京:经济科学出版社,2007:204
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