营养因素对奶牛卵母细胞体外发育和克隆效率的影响
|
摘要
奶牛体细胞核移植技术在加速品种改良、结合转基因技术生产珍贵医用蛋白等方面有着广阔的应用前景。但目前克隆效率低、流产率高、后代存活率低和出生后代发育异常等成为该项技术广泛应用的瓶颈。导致这一瓶颈的因素很多,其中现有卵母细胞体外培养系统不能使卵母细胞,特别是卵胞质达到成熟和激活方法不能完全激活核移植后的重构胚是两个重要因素,这两个因素能引起核移植后核质互作出现异常,导致重构胚不能正确的实现重编程。因此,完善奶牛卵母细胞体外成熟培养系统,优化核移植后卵母细胞的激活方法,成为提高核移植效率的两个关键环节。
本研究依据现代细胞营养学理论,形成了一种无血清、化学成分明确的奶牛卵母细胞体外成熟培养液,并优化该培养液成熟培养的奶牛卵母细胞的激活条件。以体外培养的奶牛耳部成纤维细胞、输卵管上皮细胞及卵丘细胞为供体细胞,进行体细胞核移植证实了上述奶牛卵母细胞成熟培养液和激活方法的可行性。同时,研究绿茶多酚对IVF及NT植前胚胎体外发育的影响及机理,为提高核移植胚胎体外发育率提供理论依据。
1.奶牛核移植供体细胞系的建立
采用组织块贴壁法从奶牛耳部组织分离成纤维细胞,采用机械法分离奶牛输卵管上皮细胞,利用含血清的DMEM/F12培养液对两种细胞进行原代和续代培养；用胰蛋白酶消化液从卵泡中抽取的卵丘-卵母细胞复合物分离卵丘细胞,利用改良的McCoy's5a培养液进行原代和续代培养。传代纯化后分析三种细胞的形态特征、体外生长曲线和染色体核型,结果表明,三种细胞的形态正常、体外生长曲线符合正常细胞的一般规律、染色体核型正常,均可作为体细胞核移植的供体细胞。
2.无血清、化学成分明确的奶牛卵母细胞体外成熟培养液的优化
用PVP-40代替血清,建立了一种化学成分明确的卵母细胞体外成熟基础培养液(SOFaa-PVP-40),分别单独将不同浓度的葡萄糖(0 mM、1.5 mM、5.6 mM和20 mM)、IGF-I(0ng／mL、50 ng/mL、100ng/mL和150ng／mL)、GTPs(0μM、10μM、15μM和20μM)添加到基础培养液中,对奶牛卵母细胞进行IVM、IVF和IVC,以筛选三种物质适宜的添加浓度。结果表明,获得最高卵裂率和囊胚率的葡萄糖、IGF-I和GTPs添加浓度分别为5.6mM,100ng／mL、15μM。将三种物质以优化的浓度同时加入到基础培养液中,构建一种无血清、化学成分明确的优化培养液(Optimized SOFaa),以传统的TCM-199+ FBS培养液为对照,比较两组培养液培养后的卵母细胞体外成熟率、卵裂率、囊胚率及细胞内GSH含量。结果表明,所构建的卵母细胞优化培养液可以代替传统的TCM-199+FBS培养液用于奶牛卵母细胞的体外成熟培养,并提高了成熟后卵母细胞的囊胚发育率(39.2%vs.30.4%,P<0.05)。卵母细胞发育能力的提高与细胞内GSH含量的增加有关(14.3 pmol/oocyte vs.8.9 pmol/oocyte, P<0.05)。本研究的结果还证实,在秋季利用切剖法对卵巢表面直径为3-6 mm的卵泡采集卵母细胞,可以获得较好的卵母细胞数量、体外成熟率、体外受精后卵裂率及囊胚率。
3.奶牛卵母细胞激活条件的优化
通过比较不同处理对卵母细胞激活及孤雌胚发育的影响筛选奶牛卵母细胞的激活方法。奶牛卵母细胞在Optimized SOFaa培养液中成熟并脱去卵丘细胞后按照试验设计进行激活处理。以单一激活,成熟的卵母细胞用离子霉素(5μM,5min),乙醇(7%,7 min),钙离子载体A23187(5μM,5 min)或锶(10 mM,5h)单独激活试剂进行处理。离子霉素和乙醇处理组获得的原核形成率(39.4%,41.2%vs.21.3%,25.2%)和卵裂率(30.3%,28.1%vs.19.7%,23.7%)显著高与另外两组(P<0.05)。以联合激活,用上述浓度的离子霉素和乙醇与6-二甲基氨基嘌呤(2.0 mM,3h)或放线菌酮(10μg／mL)+细胞松弛素B(7.5μg／mL,3h)联合处理卵母细胞。离子霉素+6-二甲基氨基嘌呤处理组和乙醇+放线菌酮+细胞松弛素B处理组卵母细胞获得的原核形成率(51.0%,53.4%vs.39.6%,35.3%)、卵裂率(41.3%,41.6%vs.28.1%,26.1%)及囊胚率(18.2%,19.3%vs.10.1%,11.1%)显著高于与其他组(P<0.05)。以IVF胚胎为对照,对离子霉素+6-二甲基氨基嘌呤和乙醇+放线菌酮+细胞松弛素B激活获得的孤雌胚胎进行染色体倍性分析和凋亡检测。结果表明,与离子霉素+6-二甲基氨基嘌呤处理组相比,乙醇+放线菌酮+细胞松弛素B处理组获得了较低的单倍体率(7.4%vs.15.5%,P<0.05)和细胞凋亡率(7.0%vs.9.1%,P<0.05)。结果揭示,乙醇+放线菌酮+细胞松弛素B联合激活是更有效的奶牛卵母细胞激活方法。
4.优化的卵母细胞体外成熟培养液和激活方法在奶牛克隆技术中的应用
为了验证筛选的Optimized SOFaa卵母细胞体外成熟培养液和激活方法用于奶牛体细胞核移植的可行性,将奶牛卵母细胞分别培养于Optimized SOFaa培养液和传统培养液(TCM-199+FBS)中,成熟后分别以卵丘细胞为供核细胞进行核移植,比较两组重构胚的卵裂率及囊胚率,结果表明,Optimized SOFaa可用于核移植受体卵母细胞的成熟培养,并且用该培养液成熟的卵母细胞获得了比传统培养液成熟的卵母细胞更高的囊胚率(21.2%vs.14.3%,P<0.05)。优化的激活策略也可以用于奶牛体细胞核移植。
以Optimized SOFaa培养液成熟的卵母细胞为受体,分别以成牛耳部成纤维细胞、输卵管上皮细胞及卵丘细胞为供体,进行核移植,结果表明,供体细胞类型能影响核移植的效率,以卵丘细胞为供体获得的囊胚率显著高于另外两种核供体(21.2% vs.15.9%,13.7%,P<0.05),卵丘细胞更适合于作为奶牛体细胞核移植的供体细胞。分别用GO期卵丘细胞和正常生长的卵丘细胞为供体细胞进行了核移植,结果表明,核质互作能影响核移植的效率,GO期卵丘细胞为核供体获得了较高的囊胚率(21.2% vs.12.2%,P<0.05)。
5.绿茶多酚对奶牛IVF和NT胚胎体外发育能力的影响及机理研究
IVF和NT胚胎外生产时由于必须在可见光和高于体内的氧气条件下操作,增加了胚胎细胞内活性氧(ROS)的产生。ROS对牛胚胎的毒害作用已经被广泛证实,绿茶多酚(GTPs)是绿茶叶中分离提纯的酚类化合物复合体,研究已经表明GTPs具有强的抗氧化活性,是有效的ROS(如O2-、H2O、OH和NO)清除剂。为了研究GTPs对奶牛卵母细胞体外受精和植前胚胎早期发育的影响。分别在卵母细胞体外受精期间和IVF及NT胚胎培养期间向培养液中加入不同浓度的(0,10,15,20,25μM) GTPs,结果表明,在IVF培养液中添加不同浓度的GTPs均不能提高卵裂率及囊胚率；与对照组相比,添加15μM GTPs到IVF胚胎培养液中显著提高了囊胚率(33.6%vs.24.8%,P<0.05),但更高浓度GTPs(20或25μM)的添加并没有进一步增加囊胚率(21.1%,19.0 vs.24.8%)。同样在NT胚胎体外培养液中添加15μM GTPs也提高了囊胚率(25.1% vs.19.0%)。本研究还进一步证实,培养在含15μM GTPs中的IVF胚胎和NT胚胎早期发育能力的增强与其细胞内GSH含量增加有关。
Cow cloning by somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) has the potential to improve the productivity of enormously valuable livestock. It also has the potential for producing transgenic animals that synthesize large quantities of human proteins for use in medicine. However, low efficiency and high abortion rate and early developmental abnormity of offspring were bottlenecks of cloning application. The success of SCNT techniques depends mainly on two factors including oocyte maturation and its activation. Incomplete oocyte maturation, especially cytoplasmic maturation, and incomplete oocyte activation may result in imprecise reprogramming. Therefore, improvement in media for oocyte maturation and optimization of activation protocol become two pivotal processes for considerable improvement in cloning efficiency.
Therefore, a serum-free chemically defined maturation media and activation protocols of cow oocytes were optimized in the present study. The SCNT were performed to confirm the feasibility of optimized maturation media and activation protocol taking cow ear fibroblast, oviduct epithelial cells and cumulus cells as nuclear donors. Effects of GTPs on preimplantation development of IVF and NT embryos and its mechanism were also investigated.
1. Culture of donor cells for cow cloning
The fibroblasts were separated from cow ear tissue and were cultured in DMEM/F12 media with serum. Oviduct epithelial cells were separated by mechanical method and cultured in the same media as fibroblast. Cumulus cells were separated from cumulus-oocyte complexes (COCs) by trypsin digestion and cultured in the optimized serum-free McCoy's5a media. Morphological characteristics, growth curves and karyotypes were analyzed after passage and purification of three types of cells. The results showed that the morphological characteristics, growth curves and karyotypes of three types of cells were normal and accorded with growth rules of common cells. Three types of cells could be used as donor in the cloning technique.
2. Optimization of serum-free media for cow oocytes maturation
A chemical defined basic medium have been constituted by adding PVP-40 instead of serum. The different concentrations of glucose (0 mM、1.5mM、5.6 mM and 20 mM), IGF-I (0 ng/mL、50 ng/mL、100 ng/mL and 150 ng/mL) and GTPs (0μM、10μM、15μM and 20μM) added into the basic medium, respectively. The oocytes were cultured in these medium with glucose, IGF-I and GTPs, respectively. The results showed that the concentration of glucose, IGF-I and GTPs with significantly higher cleavage and blastocyst rates were 5.6 mM,100 ng/mL and 15μM, respectively. Then three substances with the above concentration were added together into basic medium and constituted an optimized medium (Optimized SOFaa), which was serum-free and chemical defined. Oocytes were cultured in control TCM-199+FBS media and optimized media, respectively. The results showed that optimized media cans instead TCM-199+FBS media as cow oocytes maturation. The rate of development to blastocyst of oocytes maturation with optimized media was significant higher than those maturation with control TCM-199+FBS media (39.2% vs.30.4%, P＜0.05). This improvement in development capacity of preimplantation embryos contributes to the increase of intracytoplasmic glutathione concentration (14.3 pmol/oocyte vs.8.9 pmol/oocyte, P＜0.05). The present study also approved that oocytes collected by puncture method from 3-6mm follicles in autumn had higher the number of oocyte per ovary, rate of maturation, cleavage and development to blastocyst.
3. Optimization of activation methods of cow oocytes
The activation methods of cow oocytes were optimized through comparing the efficiency of different treatments on the activation and subsequent development of oocytes. Cumulus-free oocytes which matured with optimized SOFaa were activated according to the experiment designs. For activation treatment alone, the matured oocytes were treated with single activation agents including ionomycin (5μM for 5 min), ethanol (7% for 7 min), calcium ionophore A23187 (5μM for 5 min), or strontium (10 mM for 5 h). The pronuclear formation (39.4%,41.2% vs.21.3%,25.2%) and cleavage rate (30.3%,28.1% vs.19.7%,23.7%) were higher significantly in ionomycin and ethanol treatment alone compared to other treatments (P< 0.05). For the combined activation treatment, the same concentrations of ionomycin and ethanol as above were used in combination with 6-dimethylaminopurine (6-DMAP,2.0 mM for 3 h) or cycloheximide (CHX)+cytochalasin B (CB, 10μg/mL for 3 h). The pronuclear formation (51.0%,53.4%vs.39.6%,35.3%), cleavage rate (41.3%,41.6%vs.28.1%, 26.1%) and blastocyst rate (18.2%,19.3%vs.10.1%,11.1%) were higher significantly (P< 0.05) in ionomycin+6-DMAP treatment and ethanol+CHX+CB treatment compared to other treatments. The parthenogenetic blastocysts produced by activation with ionomycin+6-DAMP and ethanol+CHX+CB and in vitro fertilized blastocysts (control group) were examined for apoptosis and ploidy. The ethanol+CHX+CB treatment shown lower significantly blastocyst apoptosis index (7.0%vs.9.1%, P< 0.05) and percentage of haploid (7.0%vs.9.1%, P< 0.05) compared to ionomycin+ 6-DAMP treatment. These results suggested that ethanol+CHX+CB treatment was more favorable method for parthenogenesis of bovine oocytes.
4. Test of optimized maturation medium and activation method of cow oocytes in cloning
To examine the feasibility of the optimized SOFaa media and activation method in cow cloning, oocytes were matured with the optimized SOFaa media and control TCM-199+FBS media, respectively and then SCNT were performed taking cumulus cells as donors. The results showed that the optimized media may instead TCM-199+FBS media for maturation of recipient oocytes. The rates of NT embryos development to blastocysts were significant higher in oocytes maturation with optimized media than that maturation with control TCM-199+FBS media (21.2%vs. 14.3%, P< 0.05). The optimized activation protocol was also practicable in cow cloning. To test the effects of types of donors on preimplantation development of NT embryos, SCNT were performed taking ear fibroblasts, oviduct epithelial cells and cumulus cells as donors, respectively. The rates of NT embryos development to blastocysts were significant higher when cumulus cells as donors than when fibroblasts and oviduct epithelial cells as donors (21.2% vs.15.9%,13.7%, P<0.05). The cumulus cells were more favorable type for cow cloning. To examine the effects of cell cycle of donors on efficiency of cloning, the SCNT were done by using GO-stage and non-GO stage cumulus cells as donors respectively. The result indicated that when used GO-stage cells as donors, blastocyst rate was raised significantly (21.2% vs.12.2%, P<0.05).
5. Effects of GTPs on development of IVF and NT embryos and approach its mechanism
Oocytes and embryos are inevitably more exposed to oxygen in vitro, which results in increased production of ROS than in vivo because of the necessary manipulations with transient exposure to atmospheric oxygen and visible light during embryos production by IVF and NT. In bovine, the detrimental effects of ROS to embryo development have been confirmed. Therefore, the addition of antioxidants to IVC media may be pre-requisite for improvement of development competence of embryos by in vitro production. The effects of GTPs on preimplantation development of IVF and NT embryos were investigated. The matured oocytes were fertilized and embryos were cultured in a defined conditioned media with or without GTPs supplementation (0,10,15,20,25μM). The results demonstrated supplementation with GTPs on different concentrations had no improvements in rate of cleavage and blastocyst formation (P＜0.05). Supplementation of the culture media of IVF embryos with 15μM GTPs improved rate of blastocyst formation (33.6% vs.24.8%, P< 0.05), while higher GTPs concentrations (25μM) significantly reduced embryos development (P<0.05). Effects of GTPs on NT embryos were the same as that on IVF embryos. This improvement in development capacity of preimplantation IVF and NT embryos contributes to the increase of intracytoplasmic glutathione concentration.
本研究依据现代细胞营养学理论,形成了一种无血清、化学成分明确的奶牛卵母细胞体外成熟培养液,并优化该培养液成熟培养的奶牛卵母细胞的激活条件。以体外培养的奶牛耳部成纤维细胞、输卵管上皮细胞及卵丘细胞为供体细胞,进行体细胞核移植证实了上述奶牛卵母细胞成熟培养液和激活方法的可行性。同时,研究绿茶多酚对IVF及NT植前胚胎体外发育的影响及机理,为提高核移植胚胎体外发育率提供理论依据。
1.奶牛核移植供体细胞系的建立
采用组织块贴壁法从奶牛耳部组织分离成纤维细胞,采用机械法分离奶牛输卵管上皮细胞,利用含血清的DMEM/F12培养液对两种细胞进行原代和续代培养；用胰蛋白酶消化液从卵泡中抽取的卵丘-卵母细胞复合物分离卵丘细胞,利用改良的McCoy's5a培养液进行原代和续代培养。传代纯化后分析三种细胞的形态特征、体外生长曲线和染色体核型,结果表明,三种细胞的形态正常、体外生长曲线符合正常细胞的一般规律、染色体核型正常,均可作为体细胞核移植的供体细胞。
2.无血清、化学成分明确的奶牛卵母细胞体外成熟培养液的优化
用PVP-40代替血清,建立了一种化学成分明确的卵母细胞体外成熟基础培养液(SOFaa-PVP-40),分别单独将不同浓度的葡萄糖(0 mM、1.5 mM、5.6 mM和20 mM)、IGF-I(0ng／mL、50 ng/mL、100ng/mL和150ng／mL)、GTPs(0μM、10μM、15μM和20μM)添加到基础培养液中,对奶牛卵母细胞进行IVM、IVF和IVC,以筛选三种物质适宜的添加浓度。结果表明,获得最高卵裂率和囊胚率的葡萄糖、IGF-I和GTPs添加浓度分别为5.6mM,100ng／mL、15μM。将三种物质以优化的浓度同时加入到基础培养液中,构建一种无血清、化学成分明确的优化培养液(Optimized SOFaa),以传统的TCM-199+ FBS培养液为对照,比较两组培养液培养后的卵母细胞体外成熟率、卵裂率、囊胚率及细胞内GSH含量。结果表明,所构建的卵母细胞优化培养液可以代替传统的TCM-199+FBS培养液用于奶牛卵母细胞的体外成熟培养,并提高了成熟后卵母细胞的囊胚发育率(39.2%vs.30.4%,P<0.05)。卵母细胞发育能力的提高与细胞内GSH含量的增加有关(14.3 pmol/oocyte vs.8.9 pmol/oocyte, P<0.05)。本研究的结果还证实,在秋季利用切剖法对卵巢表面直径为3-6 mm的卵泡采集卵母细胞,可以获得较好的卵母细胞数量、体外成熟率、体外受精后卵裂率及囊胚率。
3.奶牛卵母细胞激活条件的优化
通过比较不同处理对卵母细胞激活及孤雌胚发育的影响筛选奶牛卵母细胞的激活方法。奶牛卵母细胞在Optimized SOFaa培养液中成熟并脱去卵丘细胞后按照试验设计进行激活处理。以单一激活,成熟的卵母细胞用离子霉素(5μM,5min),乙醇(7%,7 min),钙离子载体A23187(5μM,5 min)或锶(10 mM,5h)单独激活试剂进行处理。离子霉素和乙醇处理组获得的原核形成率(39.4%,41.2%vs.21.3%,25.2%)和卵裂率(30.3%,28.1%vs.19.7%,23.7%)显著高与另外两组(P<0.05)。以联合激活,用上述浓度的离子霉素和乙醇与6-二甲基氨基嘌呤(2.0 mM,3h)或放线菌酮(10μg／mL)+细胞松弛素B(7.5μg／mL,3h)联合处理卵母细胞。离子霉素+6-二甲基氨基嘌呤处理组和乙醇+放线菌酮+细胞松弛素B处理组卵母细胞获得的原核形成率(51.0%,53.4%vs.39.6%,35.3%)、卵裂率(41.3%,41.6%vs.28.1%,26.1%)及囊胚率(18.2%,19.3%vs.10.1%,11.1%)显著高于与其他组(P<0.05)。以IVF胚胎为对照,对离子霉素+6-二甲基氨基嘌呤和乙醇+放线菌酮+细胞松弛素B激活获得的孤雌胚胎进行染色体倍性分析和凋亡检测。结果表明,与离子霉素+6-二甲基氨基嘌呤处理组相比,乙醇+放线菌酮+细胞松弛素B处理组获得了较低的单倍体率(7.4%vs.15.5%,P<0.05)和细胞凋亡率(7.0%vs.9.1%,P<0.05)。结果揭示,乙醇+放线菌酮+细胞松弛素B联合激活是更有效的奶牛卵母细胞激活方法。
4.优化的卵母细胞体外成熟培养液和激活方法在奶牛克隆技术中的应用
为了验证筛选的Optimized SOFaa卵母细胞体外成熟培养液和激活方法用于奶牛体细胞核移植的可行性,将奶牛卵母细胞分别培养于Optimized SOFaa培养液和传统培养液(TCM-199+FBS)中,成熟后分别以卵丘细胞为供核细胞进行核移植,比较两组重构胚的卵裂率及囊胚率,结果表明,Optimized SOFaa可用于核移植受体卵母细胞的成熟培养,并且用该培养液成熟的卵母细胞获得了比传统培养液成熟的卵母细胞更高的囊胚率(21.2%vs.14.3%,P<0.05)。优化的激活策略也可以用于奶牛体细胞核移植。
以Optimized SOFaa培养液成熟的卵母细胞为受体,分别以成牛耳部成纤维细胞、输卵管上皮细胞及卵丘细胞为供体,进行核移植,结果表明,供体细胞类型能影响核移植的效率,以卵丘细胞为供体获得的囊胚率显著高于另外两种核供体(21.2% vs.15.9%,13.7%,P<0.05),卵丘细胞更适合于作为奶牛体细胞核移植的供体细胞。分别用GO期卵丘细胞和正常生长的卵丘细胞为供体细胞进行了核移植,结果表明,核质互作能影响核移植的效率,GO期卵丘细胞为核供体获得了较高的囊胚率(21.2% vs.12.2%,P<0.05)。
5.绿茶多酚对奶牛IVF和NT胚胎体外发育能力的影响及机理研究
IVF和NT胚胎外生产时由于必须在可见光和高于体内的氧气条件下操作,增加了胚胎细胞内活性氧(ROS)的产生。ROS对牛胚胎的毒害作用已经被广泛证实,绿茶多酚(GTPs)是绿茶叶中分离提纯的酚类化合物复合体,研究已经表明GTPs具有强的抗氧化活性,是有效的ROS(如O2-、H2O、OH和NO)清除剂。为了研究GTPs对奶牛卵母细胞体外受精和植前胚胎早期发育的影响。分别在卵母细胞体外受精期间和IVF及NT胚胎培养期间向培养液中加入不同浓度的(0,10,15,20,25μM) GTPs,结果表明,在IVF培养液中添加不同浓度的GTPs均不能提高卵裂率及囊胚率；与对照组相比,添加15μM GTPs到IVF胚胎培养液中显著提高了囊胚率(33.6%vs.24.8%,P<0.05),但更高浓度GTPs(20或25μM)的添加并没有进一步增加囊胚率(21.1%,19.0 vs.24.8%)。同样在NT胚胎体外培养液中添加15μM GTPs也提高了囊胚率(25.1% vs.19.0%)。本研究还进一步证实,培养在含15μM GTPs中的IVF胚胎和NT胚胎早期发育能力的增强与其细胞内GSH含量增加有关。
Cow cloning by somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) has the potential to improve the productivity of enormously valuable livestock. It also has the potential for producing transgenic animals that synthesize large quantities of human proteins for use in medicine. However, low efficiency and high abortion rate and early developmental abnormity of offspring were bottlenecks of cloning application. The success of SCNT techniques depends mainly on two factors including oocyte maturation and its activation. Incomplete oocyte maturation, especially cytoplasmic maturation, and incomplete oocyte activation may result in imprecise reprogramming. Therefore, improvement in media for oocyte maturation and optimization of activation protocol become two pivotal processes for considerable improvement in cloning efficiency.
Therefore, a serum-free chemically defined maturation media and activation protocols of cow oocytes were optimized in the present study. The SCNT were performed to confirm the feasibility of optimized maturation media and activation protocol taking cow ear fibroblast, oviduct epithelial cells and cumulus cells as nuclear donors. Effects of GTPs on preimplantation development of IVF and NT embryos and its mechanism were also investigated.
1. Culture of donor cells for cow cloning
The fibroblasts were separated from cow ear tissue and were cultured in DMEM/F12 media with serum. Oviduct epithelial cells were separated by mechanical method and cultured in the same media as fibroblast. Cumulus cells were separated from cumulus-oocyte complexes (COCs) by trypsin digestion and cultured in the optimized serum-free McCoy's5a media. Morphological characteristics, growth curves and karyotypes were analyzed after passage and purification of three types of cells. The results showed that the morphological characteristics, growth curves and karyotypes of three types of cells were normal and accorded with growth rules of common cells. Three types of cells could be used as donor in the cloning technique.
2. Optimization of serum-free media for cow oocytes maturation
A chemical defined basic medium have been constituted by adding PVP-40 instead of serum. The different concentrations of glucose (0 mM、1.5mM、5.6 mM and 20 mM), IGF-I (0 ng/mL、50 ng/mL、100 ng/mL and 150 ng/mL) and GTPs (0μM、10μM、15μM and 20μM) added into the basic medium, respectively. The oocytes were cultured in these medium with glucose, IGF-I and GTPs, respectively. The results showed that the concentration of glucose, IGF-I and GTPs with significantly higher cleavage and blastocyst rates were 5.6 mM,100 ng/mL and 15μM, respectively. Then three substances with the above concentration were added together into basic medium and constituted an optimized medium (Optimized SOFaa), which was serum-free and chemical defined. Oocytes were cultured in control TCM-199+FBS media and optimized media, respectively. The results showed that optimized media cans instead TCM-199+FBS media as cow oocytes maturation. The rate of development to blastocyst of oocytes maturation with optimized media was significant higher than those maturation with control TCM-199+FBS media (39.2% vs.30.4%, P＜0.05). This improvement in development capacity of preimplantation embryos contributes to the increase of intracytoplasmic glutathione concentration (14.3 pmol/oocyte vs.8.9 pmol/oocyte, P＜0.05). The present study also approved that oocytes collected by puncture method from 3-6mm follicles in autumn had higher the number of oocyte per ovary, rate of maturation, cleavage and development to blastocyst.
3. Optimization of activation methods of cow oocytes
The activation methods of cow oocytes were optimized through comparing the efficiency of different treatments on the activation and subsequent development of oocytes. Cumulus-free oocytes which matured with optimized SOFaa were activated according to the experiment designs. For activation treatment alone, the matured oocytes were treated with single activation agents including ionomycin (5μM for 5 min), ethanol (7% for 7 min), calcium ionophore A23187 (5μM for 5 min), or strontium (10 mM for 5 h). The pronuclear formation (39.4%,41.2% vs.21.3%,25.2%) and cleavage rate (30.3%,28.1% vs.19.7%,23.7%) were higher significantly in ionomycin and ethanol treatment alone compared to other treatments (P< 0.05). For the combined activation treatment, the same concentrations of ionomycin and ethanol as above were used in combination with 6-dimethylaminopurine (6-DMAP,2.0 mM for 3 h) or cycloheximide (CHX)+cytochalasin B (CB, 10μg/mL for 3 h). The pronuclear formation (51.0%,53.4%vs.39.6%,35.3%), cleavage rate (41.3%,41.6%vs.28.1%, 26.1%) and blastocyst rate (18.2%,19.3%vs.10.1%,11.1%) were higher significantly (P< 0.05) in ionomycin+6-DMAP treatment and ethanol+CHX+CB treatment compared to other treatments. The parthenogenetic blastocysts produced by activation with ionomycin+6-DAMP and ethanol+CHX+CB and in vitro fertilized blastocysts (control group) were examined for apoptosis and ploidy. The ethanol+CHX+CB treatment shown lower significantly blastocyst apoptosis index (7.0%vs.9.1%, P< 0.05) and percentage of haploid (7.0%vs.9.1%, P< 0.05) compared to ionomycin+ 6-DAMP treatment. These results suggested that ethanol+CHX+CB treatment was more favorable method for parthenogenesis of bovine oocytes.
4. Test of optimized maturation medium and activation method of cow oocytes in cloning
To examine the feasibility of the optimized SOFaa media and activation method in cow cloning, oocytes were matured with the optimized SOFaa media and control TCM-199+FBS media, respectively and then SCNT were performed taking cumulus cells as donors. The results showed that the optimized media may instead TCM-199+FBS media for maturation of recipient oocytes. The rates of NT embryos development to blastocysts were significant higher in oocytes maturation with optimized media than that maturation with control TCM-199+FBS media (21.2%vs. 14.3%, P< 0.05). The optimized activation protocol was also practicable in cow cloning. To test the effects of types of donors on preimplantation development of NT embryos, SCNT were performed taking ear fibroblasts, oviduct epithelial cells and cumulus cells as donors, respectively. The rates of NT embryos development to blastocysts were significant higher when cumulus cells as donors than when fibroblasts and oviduct epithelial cells as donors (21.2% vs.15.9%,13.7%, P<0.05). The cumulus cells were more favorable type for cow cloning. To examine the effects of cell cycle of donors on efficiency of cloning, the SCNT were done by using GO-stage and non-GO stage cumulus cells as donors respectively. The result indicated that when used GO-stage cells as donors, blastocyst rate was raised significantly (21.2% vs.12.2%, P<0.05).
5. Effects of GTPs on development of IVF and NT embryos and approach its mechanism
Oocytes and embryos are inevitably more exposed to oxygen in vitro, which results in increased production of ROS than in vivo because of the necessary manipulations with transient exposure to atmospheric oxygen and visible light during embryos production by IVF and NT. In bovine, the detrimental effects of ROS to embryo development have been confirmed. Therefore, the addition of antioxidants to IVC media may be pre-requisite for improvement of development competence of embryos by in vitro production. The effects of GTPs on preimplantation development of IVF and NT embryos were investigated. The matured oocytes were fertilized and embryos were cultured in a defined conditioned media with or without GTPs supplementation (0,10,15,20,25μM). The results demonstrated supplementation with GTPs on different concentrations had no improvements in rate of cleavage and blastocyst formation (P＜0.05). Supplementation of the culture media of IVF embryos with 15μM GTPs improved rate of blastocyst formation (33.6% vs.24.8%, P< 0.05), while higher GTPs concentrations (25μM) significantly reduced embryos development (P<0.05). Effects of GTPs on NT embryos were the same as that on IVF embryos. This improvement in development capacity of preimplantation IVF and NT embryos contributes to the increase of intracytoplasmic glutathione concentration.
引文
Abeydeera LR, Wang WH, Cantley TC, et al. Development and viability of pig oocytes matured in a protein-free medium containing epidermal growth factor [J]. Theriogenology,2000,54: 787-797.
Agrawal KP, Sharma T, Sexana C. Chronology of first meiotic events of caprine oocytes matured in vitro [J]. Indian J Anim Sci,1995,65:285-288.
Ahmad N, Cheng P, Mukhtar H. Cell cycle dysregulation by green tea polyphenol epigallocatechin-3-gallate [J]. Biochem Biophys Res Commun,2000,275:328-334.
Aitken RJ, Buckingham DW, Harkiss D. Use of a xanthine oxidase free radical generating system to investigate the cytotoxic effects of reactive oxygen species on human spermatozoa [J]. J Reprod Fertil,1993,97:441-450.
Aitken RJ, Buckingham DW, West K, et al. On the use of paramagnetic beads and ferrofluids to assess and eliminate the leukocytic contribution to oxygen radical generation by human sperm suspension [J]. Am J Reprod Immunol,1996,35:541-551.
Alberio R, Kubelka M, Zakhartchenko V. Activation of bovine oocytes by specific inhibition of cyclin-dependent kinases [J]. Mol Reprod Dev,2000,55:422-432.
Alessi F, Quarta S, Savio M, et al. The cyclin dependent kinase inhibitors olomoucine and roscovitine arrest human fibroblasts in G1 phase by specific inhibition of CDK2 kinase activity [J]. Exp Cell Res,1998,245:8-18.
Ali A, Sirard MA. Effect of the absence or presence of various protein supplements on further development of bovine oocytes during in vitro maturation [J]. Biol Reprod,2002,66:901-905.
Ali AA, Bilodeau JF, Sirard MA Antioxidant requirements for bovine oocytes varies during in vitro maturation, fertilization and development [J]. Theriogenology,2003,59:939-949.
Al-Katanani YM, Webb DW, Hansen PJ. Factors affecting seasonal variation in 90-day nonreturn rate to first service in lactating Holstein cows in a hot climate [J]. J Dairy Sci,1999, 82:2611-2616.
Amano T, Tani T, Kato Y, et al. Mouse cloned from embryonic stem (ES) cells synchronized in metaphase with nocodazole [J]. J Exp Zool,2001,289:139-145.
Aoki F, Worrad DM, Schultz RM. Regulation of transcriptional activity during the first and second cell cycles in the preimplantation mouse embryo [J].Dev Biol,1997,181:296-307.
Avery B, Hay-schmidt A, Hyttel P, et al. Embryo development, oocyte morphology, and kinetics of meiotic maturation in bovine oocytes exposed to 6-dimethylaminopurine prior to in vitro maturation [J]. Mol Prod Dev,1998,50:334-344.
Baguisi A, Behboodi E, Melican DT, et al. Production of goats by somatic cell nuclear transfer [J]. Nat Biotechnol,1999,17:456-461.
Baguisi A, Overstrom EW. Induced encleation in nuclear transfer procedures to produce cloned animals [J]. Theriogenology,2000,53:209.(abstr.)
Barlow DP. Gametic imprinting in mammals [J]. Science,1995,270:1610-1613.
Barnes FL, Looney CR, Westhusin ME. Embryo cloning in cattle:The current state of technology
[J]. Embryo Transfer Newsletter,1991,6:1-6.
Barretto LSS, Caiado Castro VSD, Garcia JM, et al. Role of roscovitine and IBMX on kinetics of nuclear and cytoplasmic maturation of bovine oocytes in vitro [J]. Anim Reprod Sci,2007, 99:202-207.
Barry JM, Merriam RW. Swelling of hen erythrocyte nuclei in cytoplasm from Xenopus eggs [J]. Exp Cell Res,1972,71:90-96.
Bavister BD. Co-culture for embryo development:is it really necessary? [J]. Hum Reprod,1992, 7:1339-1341.
Bavister BD. Culture of preimplantation embryos:Facts and artifacts [J]. Hum Reprod Update, 1995,1:91-98.
Behboodi E, Anderson GB, BonDurant RH, et al. Birth of large calves that developed from in vitro-derived bovine embryos [J]. Theriogenology,1995,44:227-232.
Betthauser J, Forsberg E, Augenstein M, et al. Production of cloned pigs from in vitro systems [J]. Nat Biotechnol,2000,18:1055-1059.
Betts D, Bordignon V, Hill J, et al. Reprogramming of telomerase activity and rebuilding of telomere length in cloned cattle [J]. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA,2001,98:1077-1082.
Betts DH, King WA. Genetic regulation of embryo death and senescence [J]. Theriogenology,2001, 55:171-191.
Betts DH, King WA. Telomerase activity and telomere detection during early bovine development [J]. Dev Genet,1999,25:397-403.
Beyhan Z, Mitalipova M, Chang T, et al. Developmental potential of bovine nuclear transfer embryos produced using different types of adult donor cells [J]. Theriogenology,2000,53: 210. (abstr.)
Bhak JS, Lee SL, Ock SA, et al. Developmental rate and ploidy of embryos produced by nuclear transfer with different activation treatments in cattle [J]. Anim Reprod Sci,2006,92:37-49.
Biggers JD, Whittingham DG, Donahue RP. The pattern of energy metabolism in the mouse oocyte and zygote [J]. Proc Nat Acad Sci USA,1967,58:560-567.
Blondin P, Coenen K, Sirard MA. The impact of reactive oxygen species on bovine sperm fertilizing ability and oocyte maturation [J]. J Androl,1997,18:454-460.
Booth PJ, Viuff D, Tan S, et al. Numerical chromosome errors in day 7 somatic nuclear transfer bovine blastocysts [J]. Biol Reprod,2003,68:922-928.
Bos-Mikich A, Swann K, Whittingham DG. Calcium oscillations and protein synthesis inhibition synergistically activate mouse oocytes [J]. Mol Reprod Dev,1995,41:84-90.
Brison DR, Schultz RM. Apoptosis during mouse blastocyst formation:evidence for a role for survival factors including transforming growth factor alpha [J]. Biol Reprod,1997, 56:1088-1096.
Brophy B, Smolenski G, Wheeler T, et al. Cloned transgenic cattle produce milk with higher levels of beta-casein and kappa-casein [J]. Nat Biotechnol,2003,21:157-62.
Brown JJG, Whittingham DG. The dynamic provision of different energy substrates improves development of one-cell randombred mouse embryos in vitro [J]. J Reprod Fertil,95:503-511.
Buhi WC, Alvarez IM, Kouba AJ. Oviductal regulation of fertilization and early embryonic
development [J]. J Reprod Fertil,1997,52:285-300.
Buvaios RR, Cai X. Preimplantation embryo development enhanced by epidermal growth factor [J]. J Assist Reprod Genet,1994,11:33-37
Byrne AT, Southgate J, Brison DR, et al. Regulation of apoptosis in the bovine blastocyst by insulin and the insulin-like growth factor (IGF) superfamily [J]. Mol Reprod Dev,2002,62:489-495.
Campbell KHS. Nuclear equivalence, nuclear transfer, and the cell cycle [J]. Cloning,1999,1:3-15.
Campbell KHS, Mc Whir J, Ritchie WA, et al. Sheep cloned by nuclear transfer from a cultured cell line [J]. Nature,1996,380:64-66.
Campbell KHS, Ritchie WA, Wilmut I. Nuclear-cytoplasmic interactions during the first cell cycle of nuclear transfer reconstructed bovine embryos:Implications for deoxyribonucleic acid replication and development [J]. Biol Reprod,1993,49:933-942
Cardoso MC, Leohardt H. DNA methyltransferase is actively retained in the cytoplasm during early development [J]. Cell Biol,1999,147:25-32.
Carolan C, Monaghan P, Mehmood A, et al. Slicing of bovine ovaries as a means of oocyte recovery [J]. J Reprod Fertil,1992,9:51.(abstr.)
Chai PC, Long LH, Halliwell B. Contribution of hydrogen peroxide to the cytotoxicity of green tea and red wines [J]. Biochem Biophys Res Commun,2003,304:650-654.
Chao W. Huynh KD, Spencer RJ, et al. CTCF, a candidate trans-acting factor for X-inactivation choice [J]. Science,2002,295:345-347.
Chatot CL, Lewis JL, Torres I, et al. Development of 1-cell embryos from different strains of mice in CZB medium [J]. Bio Reprod,1990a,42:432-440.
Chatot CL, Lewis-Williams JL, Torres I, et al. One-minute exposure of 4-cell mouse embryos to glucose overcomes morula block in CZB medium [J]. Mol Reprod Dev,1994,37:407-412.
Chatot CL, Tasca RJ, Ziomek CA. Glutamine uptake and utilization by preimplantation mouse embryos in CZB medium [J]. J Reprod Fertil,1990b,89:335-346.
Chatot CL, Ziomek CA, Bavister BD, et al. An improved culture medium supports development of random-bred 1-cell mouse embryos in vitro [J]. J Reprod Fertil,1989,86:679-688.
Chauhan MS, Singla SK, Palta P. In vitro maturation and fertilization, and subsequent development of buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) embryos:effects of oocyte quality and type of serum [J]. Reprod Fertil Dev,1998,10:173-177.
Che L, Lalonde A, Bordignon V. Chemical of parthenogenetic and nuclear transfer porcines using ionomycin and strontium chloride [J]. Theriogenology,2007,67:1297-1304.
Chesne P, Adenot PG, Viglietta C, et al. Cloned rabbits produced by nuclear transfer from adult somatic cells [J]. Nat Biotechnol,2002,20:366-369.
Cho SR, Ock SA, Yoo JG, et al. Effects of confluent, roscovitine treatment and serum starvation on the cell-cycle synchronization of bovine fetal fibroblasts [J]. Anim Reprod Sci,2005, 40:171-176.
Choi YH, Carnevale EM, Seidel GE, et al. Effects of gonadotropins on bovine oocytes matured in TCM-199 [J]. Theriogenology,2001,56:661-670.
Cibelli JB, Stice SL, Golueke PJ, et al. Cloned transgenic calves produced from nonquiestent fetal fibroblasts[J]. Science,1998,280:1256-1258.
Clarke HJ, McLay DW, Mohamed OA. Linker histone transitions during mammalian oogenesis and embryogenesis [J]. Dev Genet,1998,22:17-30.
Cognie Y, Baril G, Poulin N, et al. Current status of embryo technologies in sheep and goat [J]. Theriogenology,2003,59:171-188.
Collas P, Sullivan EJ, Barnes FL. Histone H1 kinase activity in bovine oocytes following calcium stimulation [J]. Mol Reprod Dev,1993,34:224-231.
Collas PJ, Pinto-Correia C, Ponce de Leon FA, et al. Effect of donor cell cycle stage on chromatin and spindle morphology in nuclear transplant rabbit embryos [J]. Biol Reprod,1992,46: 501-511.
Conaghan J, Handyside AH, Winston RML, et al. Effects of pyruvate and glucose on the development of human preimplantation embryos in vitro [J]. J Reprod Fertil,1999,99:87-95.
Cong PQ, Song ES, Kim ES, et al. Effects of fusion/activation methods on development of embryos produced by nuclear transfer of porcine fetal fibroblasts [J]. Reprod Fertil Dev,2007, 19:134-135.
Coskun S, Lin YC. Mechanism of action of epidermal growth factor-induced porcine oocyte maturation [J]. Mol Reprod Dev,1994,42:311-317.
Cuthbertson KSR, Whittingham DG, Cobbold PH. Free Ca2+ increases in exponential phases during mouse oocyte activation [J]. Nature,1981,294:754-757.
Das G.K, Jain G.C, Solanki VS, et al. Efficacy of various collection methods for oocyte retrieval in buffalo [J]. Theriogenology,1996,46:1403-1411.
Datta TK, Goswami SL, Das SK. Comparative efficiency of three oocyte recovery methods from sheep ovaries [J]. Indian J Anim Sci,1993,63:1178-1179.
Daughaday WH, Rotwein P. Insulin-like growth factors Ⅰ and Ⅱ. Peptide, messenger ribonucleic acid and gene structures, serum and tissue concentration [J]. Endocr Rev,1989,10:68-92.
De Felici M, Dolci S, Siracusa. Involvement of thiol-disulfide groups in the sensitivity of fully grown mouse oocytes to calcium-free medium [J]. J Exp Zool,1987,243:283-287.
De La, Fuente R, King WA. Developmental consequences of karyokinesis without cytokinesis during the first mitotic cell of bovine parthenotes [J]. Biol Reprod,1998,58:952-956.
De Lamirande E, Tsai C, Harakat A, et al. Involvement of reactive oxygen species in human sperm acrosome reaction induced by A23187, lysophosphatidylcholine, and biological fluid ultrafiltrates [J]. J Androl,1998,19:585-594.
De Matos DG, Furnus CC. The importance of having high glutathione (GSH) level after bovine in vitro maturation on embryo development:Effect of β-mercaptoethanol, cysteine, and cystine [J]. Theriogenology,2000,53,761-771.
De Matos DG, Gasparrini B, Pasqualini SR, et al. Effect of glutathione synthesis stimulation during in vitro maturation of ovine oocytes on embryo development and intracellular peroxide content [J]. Theriogenology,2002,57:1443-1451.
De Wit AAC, Kruip AMT. Bovine cumulus-oocyte-complex-quality is reflected in sensitivity for a-amanitin, oocyte-diameter and developmental capacity [J]. Anim Reprod Sci,2001,65: 51-65.
Denning C, Burl S, Ainslie A, et al. Deletion of the alpha (1,3) galactosyl transferase (GGTA1)
gene and the prion protein (PrP) gene in sheep [J]. Nat Biotechnol,2001,19:559-562.
DePinho RA. The age of cancer [J]. Nature,2000,408:248-254.
Dimitrov S, Wolfe AP. Remodeling somatic nuclei in Xenopus laevis egg extracts:molecular mechanisms for the selective release of histories H1 and H1(0) from chromatin and the acquisition of transcriptional competence [J]. EMBO J,1996,15:5897-5906.
Dinneyes A, Dal Y, Jiang S, et al. High development rates of vitrified bovine oocytes following parthenogenetic activation, in vitro fertilization, and somatic cell nuclear transfer [J]. Bio Reprod,2000,63:513-518.
Doherty AS, Mann MR, Tremblay KD, et al. Differential effects of culture on imprinted H19 expression in the preimplantaion mouse embryo [J]. Biol Reprod,2000,62:1526-1535.
Dominko T, First NL. Timing of meiotic progression in bovine oocytes and its effect on early embryo development [J]. Mol Reprod Dev,1997,47:456-467.
Donnini D, Zambito AM, Perrella G, et al. Glucose may induce cell death through a free radical-mediated mechanism [J]. Biochem Biophys Res Commun,1996,219:412-417.
Downs SM, Humpherson PG, Martin KL, et al. Glucose utilization during gonadotropin-induced meiotic maturation in cumulus cell-enclosed mouse oocytes [J]. Mol Reprod Dev,1996,44: 121-131.
Droge W. Free radicals in the physiological control of cell function [J]. Physiol Rev,2002,82: 47-95.
Durfresne CJ, Farnworth ER. A review of latest research findings on the health promotion properties of tea [J]. J Nutr Biochem,2001,12:404-421.
Eckert J, Niemann H. In vitro maturation, fertilization and culture to blastocyte of bovine oocytes in protein-free media [J]. Theriogenology,1995,43:1211-1225.
Edwards RG. Maturation in vitro of mouse, sheep, cow, pig, rhesus monkey and human ovarian oocytes [J]. Nature,1965,208:349-351.
Eggan K, Akutsu H, Hochedlinger K, et al. X-Chromosome inactivation in cloned mouse embryos [J]. Science,2000,290:1578-1581.
Elhassan YM, Tasca RJ, Westhusin ME. Acids in bovine oviductal and uterine fluid in comparison to level available in a culture medium supplemented with commerical stocks [J]. Thriogenology,1999,51:237. (abstr.)
Ellington JE, Carney EW, Farrell PB, et al. Bovine 1-2-cell embryo development using a simple medium in three oviduct epithelial cell coculture system [J]. Biol Reprod,1990,43:97-104.
Evans M, Gurer C, Loike JD, et al. Mitochondrial DNA genotypes in nuclear transfer-derived cloned sheep [J]. Nat Genet,1999,23:90-93.
Farin PW, Crosier AE, Farin CE. Influence of in vitro systems on embryo survival and fetal development in cattle [J]. Theriogenology,2001,55:151-170.
Feng JWD, Funk SS, Wang SL, et al. The RNA component of human telomerase [J]. Science,1995, 269:1236.
Fiala ES, Sodium RS, Bhattacharya M, et al. (-) Epigallocatechin gallate, a polyphenolic tea antioxidant, inhibits peroxynitritemediated formation of 8-oxodeoxyguanosine and 3-nitrotyrosine [J]. Experientia,1996,9:922-926.
Flood MR, Gage TL, Bunch TD. Effect of various growth-promoting factors on preimplantation bovine embryo development in vitro [J]. Theriogenology,1993,39:823-833.
Fujitani Y, Kasai K, Ohtni S, et al. Effect of oxygen concentration and free radicals on in vitro development of in vitro-produced bovine embryos [J]. J Anim Sci,1997,75:483-489.
Fukuda Y, Ichikawa M, Naitok, et al. Birth of normal calves resulting from bovine oocytes matured fertilized and cultured with cumulus cells in vitro up to the blastocyst stage [J]. Biol Reprod, 1990,42:114-119.
Fulka JJr, Moor RM. Noninvasive chemical enucleation of mouse oocytes [J]. Mol Reprod Dev, 1993,34:427-430.
Fulka J Jr, First NL, Moor RM. Nuclear and cytoplasmic determinants involved in the regulation of mammalian oocyte maturation [J]. Mol Hum Reprod,1998,4:41-49.
Fulka J Jr, Loi P, Ledda S, et al. Nuclear transfer in mammals:How the oocyte cytoplasm modifies the transferred nucleus [J]. Theriogenology,2001,55:1373-1380.
Gabriela GC, Marisa S, Bartolomei EJ, et al. Genome-wide epigenetic alterations in cloned bovine fetuses [J]. Biol Reprod,2003,68:1009-1014.
Galli C, Colleoni S, Duchi R, et al. Developmental competence of equine oocytes and embryos obtained by in vitro procedures ranging from in vitro maturation and ICSI to embryo culture, cryopreservation and somatic cell nuclear transfer [J]. Anim Reprod Sci,2007, in press.
Galli C, Lagutina I, Croti G, et al. A cloned horse born to its dam twin [J]. Nature,2003,424:635.
Gandolfi F, Moore RM. Stimulation of early embryonic development in the sheep by co-culture with oviduct epithelial cells [J]. Reprod Fertil,1987,81:23-28.
Gardner DK, Lane M, Spitzer A, et al. Enhanced rates of cleavage and development for sheep zygotes cultured to the blastocyst stage in vitro in the absence of serum and somatic cell: Amino acids, Vitamins, and culturing embryos in groups stimulate development [J]. Bio Reprod,1994,50:390-400.
Garry FB, Adams R, McCann JP, et al. Postnatal characteristics of calves produced by nuclear transfer cloning [J]. Theriogenology,1996,45:141-152.
Gasparrini B, Gao S, Ainslie A, et al. Cloned mice derived from embryonic stem cell karyoplasts and activated cytoplasts prepared by induced enucleation [J]. Biol Reprod,2003,68:1259-1266.
Gasparrini B, Neglia G, Palo RD, et al. Effect of cysteamine during in vitro maturation on buffalo embryo development [J]. Theriogenology,2000,54:1537-1542.
Gibbons J, Arat S, Rzucidlo J, et al. Enhanced survivability of cloned calves derived from roscovitine-treated adult somatic cells [J]. Biol Reprod,2002,66:895-900.
Ginther OJ, Bergfelt DR, Beg MA, et al. In vivo effects of an intrafollicular injection of insulin-like growth factors 1 on the mechanism of follicle deviation in heifers and mares [J]. Biol Reprod, 2004,70:99-105.
Gordo AC, Wu H, He CL, et al. Injection of sperm cytosolic factor into mouse M Ⅱ oocytes induces different developmental fates according to the frequency of Ca2+oscillations and oocyte age [J]. Biol Reprod,2000,62:1370-1379.
Gordon I, Laboratory Production of Cattle Embryos [M]. CAB International, Wallington,1994: 30-142.
Goto Y, Noda Y, Mori T, et al. Increased generation of reactive oxygen species in embryos cultured in vitro [J]. Free Radic Biol Med,1993,15:69-75.
Grabiec A, Max A, Tischner M. Parthenogenetic activation of domestic cat oocytes using ethanol, calcium ionophore, cycloheximide and a magnetic field [J]. Theriogenology,2007,67: 795-800.
Greider CW. Telomere length regulation [J]. Annu Rev Biochem,1996,65:337-365.
Griffiths HR, Lunec J. Ascorbic acid in the 21st century-more than a simple antioxidant [J]. Environ Toxicol Phar,2001,10:173-182.
Grupen CG, Mau JC, McIlfatrick SM, et al. Effect of 6-dimethylaminopurine on electrically activated in vitro matured porcine oocytes [J]. Mol Reprod Dev,2002,62:387-396.
Guerin P, El Mouatassim S, Menezo, Y. Oxidative stress and protection against reactive oxygen species in the pre-implantation embryo and its surroundings [J]. Hum Reprod Update,2001,7: 175-189.
Guo Q, Zhao BL, Li MF, et al. Studies on protective mechanisms of four components of green tea polyphenols against lipid peroxidation in synaptosomes [J]. Biochim Biophys Acta,1996,1304: 210-222.
Gurdon JB, Laskey RA, De Robertis EM, et al. Reprogramming of transplanted nuclei in amphibian [J]. Int Rev Cytol (Suppl),1979,9:161-178.
Gutierrez CG, Campbell BK, Webb R, et al. Development of a long-term bovine granulosa cell culture system:induction and maintenance of estradiol production, response to follicle-stimulating hormone, and morphological characteristics [J]. Biol Reprod,1997,56: 608-616.
Hall VJ, Ruddock NT, Cooney MA, et al. Production of a cloned calf using zona-free serial nuclear transfer [J]. Theriogenology,2006,65:424-440.
Halliwell B, Gutteridge, JM. Free radicals and antioxidant protection:mechanisms and significance in toxicology and disease [J]. Hum Toxicol,1988,7:7-13.
Han YM, Kang YK, Koo DB, et al. Nuclear reprogramming of cloned embryos produced in vitro [J]. Theriogenology,2003,59:33-44.
Hao Y, Lai L, Mao J, et al. Apoptosis in parthenogenetic preimplantation porcine embryos [J]. Biol Reprod,2004,70:1644-1649.
Harper MK, Brackett BJ. Bovine blastocyst development after in vitro maturation in a defined medium with epidermal growth factor and low concentrations of gonadotropins [J]. Biol Reprod,1993,48:409-416.
Hashimoto S, Minami N, Yamada M, et al. Excessive concentration of glucose during in vitro maturation impairs the developmental competence of bovine oocytes after in vitro fertilization: relevance to intracellular reactive oxygen species and glutathione contents [J]. Mol Reprod Dev, 2000,56:520-526.
Herrler A, Lucas-Hahn A, Niemann H. Effects of insulin-like growth factor-I on in-vitro production of bovine embryos [J]. Theriogenology,1992,37:1213-1224.
Heyman Y, Chavate-Palmer P, Le Bourhis D, et al. Frequency and occurrence of late-gestation losses from cattle cloned embryos [J]. Biol Reprod,2002,66:6-13.
Hiendleder S, Zakhatrtchenko V, Wenigerkind H, et al. Heteroplasmy in bovine fetuses produced by intra- and inter-subspecific somatic cell nuclear transfer:neutral segregation of nuclear donor mitochondrial DNA in various tissues and evidence for recipient cow mitochondria in fetal blood [J]. Biol Reprod,2003,68:159-166.
Higdon JV, Frei B. Tea catechins and polyphenols:health effects, metabolism and antioxidant functions [J]. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr,2003,43:89-143.
Hirao Y, Itoh T, Shimizu M, et al. In vitro growth and development of bovine oocyte-granulosa cell complexes on the flat substratum:effects of high polyvinylpyrrolidone concentration in culture medium [J]. Biol Reprod,2004,70:83-91.
Ho YS, Dey MS, Crapo JD. Antioxidant enzyme expression in rat lungs during hypoxia [J]. Am J Physiol,1996,270:L810-L818.
Holm P, Booth PJ, Schmidt MH, et al. High bovine blastocyst development in a static in vitro production system using SOFaa medium supplemented with sodium citrate and myo-inositol with or without serum-proteins [J]. Theriogenology,1999,52:683-700.
Howlett SK, Reik W. Methylation levels of maternal and paternal genomes during preimplantation development [J]. Development,1991,113:119-127.
Humpherys D, Eggan K, Akutsu H, et al. Abnormal gene expression in cloned mice derived from embryonic stem cell and cumulus cell nuclei [J]. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA,2002, 99:12889-12894.
Im GS, Lai L, Liu Z, et al. In vitro development of preimplantation porcine nuclear transfer embryos cultured in different media and gas atmospheres [J]. Theriogenology,2004,61:1125-1135.
Inoue K, Kohda T, Lee J, et al. Faithful expression of imprinted genes in cloned mice [J]. Science, 2002,295:297.
Inui A. Obesity-a chronic health problem in cloned mice [J]? Trends Pharmacol Sci,2003, 24:77-80.
Iudica C, Kaiser G, Alberio R. Antioxidants during in vitro oocyte maturation affect the in vitro production of bovine embryos [J]. Theriogenology,1999,51:378. (abstr.)
Iwata H, Akamatsu S, Minami N, et al. Effects of antioxidants on the development of bovine IVM/IVF embryos in various concentrations of glucose [J]. Theriogenology,1998,50:365-375.
Iwata H, Hashimoto S, Ohota M, et al. Effects of follicle size and electrolytes and glucose in maturation medium on nuclear maturation and developmental competence of bovine oocytes [J]. Reproduction,2004,127:159-164.
Jiao HL, Ye P, Zhao BL. Protective effects of green tea polyphenols on human HepG2 cells against oxidative damage of fenofibrate [J]. Free Radical Biol Med,2003,35:1121-1128.
Johnson MH, Nasr-Esfahani MH. Radical solutions and cultural problems:could free oxygen radicals be responsible for the impaired development of preimplantation mammalian embryos in vitro? [J]. Bioessay,1994,16:31-38.
Jones JKI, Clemmons DR. Insulin-like growth factors and their binding proteins:biological action [J]. Endocrinol Rev,1995,16:3-34.
Jones KL, Tarochione-Utt KD. DNA methylation in bovine adult and fetal fibroblast cells [J]. Cloning Stem Cells,2004,6:259-266.
Joshua D, Lambert, Chung S, et al. Mechanisms of cancer prevention by tea constituents [J]. J Nutr,
2003:3262-3263.
Ju JC, Liu L, Jiang S, et al. Parthenogenetic activation of IVM-derived bovine oocytes [J]. Biol Reprod (Suppl.),1997,56:38.
Jurisicova A, Varmuza S, Casper RF. Programmed cell death and human embryo fragmentation [J]. Mol Hum Reprod,1996,2:93-98.
Kang YK, Koo DB, Park JS, et al. Aberant methylation of donor genome in cloned bovine embryos [J]. Nat Genet,2001a,28:173-177.
Kang YK, Koo DB, Park JS, et al. Typical demethylation events in cloned pig embryos:Clues on species-specific differences in epigenetic reprogramming of a cloned donor genome [J]. J Biol Chem,2001b,276:39980-39984.
Kanka J, Smith SD, Soloy E, et al. Nucleolus ultrastructure in bovine nuclear transfer embryos [J]. Mol Reprod Dev,1999,52:253-263.
Kasinathan P, Knott JG, Wang Z, et al. Production of calves from G1 fibroblasts [J]. Nat Biotechnol, 2001,19:1176-1178.
Katiyar SK, Afaq F, Azizuddin K, et al. Inhibition of UVB-induced oxidative stress-mediated phosphorylation of mitogenactivated protein kinase signaling pathways in cultured human epidermal keratinocytes by green tea polyphenol (-) epigallocatechin-3- gallate [J]. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol,2001,176:110-117.
Kato Y, Tani T, Sotomatu Y, et al. Eight calves cloned from somatic cells of a single adult [J]. Science,1998,282:2095-2098.
Kato Y, Tani T, Tsunoda Y. Cloning of calves from various somatic cell types of male and female adult, new born and fetal cows [J]. J Reprod Fertil,2000,120:231-237.
Keefer C L, Keystone R, Bhatia B, et al. Efficient production of viable goat offspring following nuclear transfer using adult somatic cells [J]. Biol Reprod (Suppl),2000,62:1921.
Keskintepe L, Brackett BG. In vitro developmental competence of in vitro matured bovine oocytes fertilized and cultured in completely defined media [J]. Biol Reprod,1996,55:333-339.
Keskintepe L, Burnley CA, Brackett BG. Production of viable bovine blastocysts in defined in vitro conditions [J]. Biol Reprod,1995,52:1410-1417.
Kikyo N, Wolffe AP. Reprogramming nuclei:insights from cloning, nuclear transfer and heterokaryons [J]. J Cell Sci,2000,113:11-20.
Kim JH, FunahashiH, Niwa K, et al. Glucose requirement at different developmental stages of in vitro fertilized bovine embryos cultured in semi-defined medium [J]. Theriogenology,1993a, 39:876-886.
Kim JH, Niwa K, Lim JM, et al. Effects of phosphate, energy substrates, and amino acids on development of in vitro-matured, in vitro-fertilized bovine oocytes in a chemically defined, protein-free culture medium[J]. Biol Reprod,1993b,48:1320-1325.
Kishi M, Itagak Y, Takakura R, et al. Nuclear transfer in cattle using colostrums-derived mammary gland epithelial cells and era-derived fibroblast cells [J]. Theriogenology,2000,53:226.(abstr.)
Kleinschmidt JA, Dingwall C, Maier G, et al. Molecular characterization of a karyophilic histone-binding protein:cDNA cloning, amino acid sequence and espression of nuclear protein N1/N2 of Xenopus laevis [J]. EMBO,1986,5:3547-3552.
Knapen MF, Zusterzeel PL, Peters WH, et al. Glutathione and glutathione-related enzymes in reproduction:a review [J]. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol,1999,82:171-184.
Kobayashi K, Yamashita S, Hoshi H. Influence of epidermal growth factor and transforming growth factors-a on in vitro maturation of. cumulus cell-enclosed bovine oocytes in a defined medium [J]. J Reprod Fertil,1994,100:439-446.
Krisher RL, Bavister BD. Enhanced glycolysis after maturation of bovine oocytes in vitro is associated with increased developmental competence [J]. Mol Reprod Dev,1999,53:19-26.
Krisher RL, Lane M, Bavister BD. Developmental competence and metabolism of bovine embryos cultured in semi-defined and defined culture media [J]. Biol Reprod,1999,60:1345-1352.
Kubota C, Yamakuchi H, Todoroki J, et al. Six cloned calves produced from adult fibroblast cells after long-term culture [J]. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA,2000,97:990-995.
Kues WA, Anger M, Carnwarth JW, et al. Cell cycle synchronization of porcine fibroblasts:effects of serum deprivation and reversible cell cycle inhibitors [J]. Biol Reprod,2000,62:412-419.
Kumar D, Purohit GN. Effect of epidermal and insulin like growth factor-1 on cumulus expansion, nuclear maturation and fertilization of buffalo cumulus oocyte complexes in simple serum free media DMEM and Ham's F-10 [J]. Veterinarski Arhiv,2004,74:13-25.
Lagutina I, Lazzari G, Duchi R, et al. Somatic cell nuclear transfer in horses:effect of oocyte morphology, embryo reconstruction method and donor cell type [J]. Reproduction,2005, 130:559-567.
Lamb VK, Leese HJ. Uptake of a mixture of amino acids by mouse blastocysts [J]. J Reprod Fertil, 1994,102:169-175.
Lambert JD, Yang CS. Mechanisms of cancer prevention by tea constituents [J]. J Nutr,2003, 133:3262S-3267S.
Lan GC, Han D, Wu YG, et al. Effects of duration, concentration, and timing of ionomycin and 6-Dimethylaminopurine (6-DMAP) treatment on activation of goat oocytes [J]. Mol Reprod Dev,2005,71:380-388.
Lane M, Gardner DK. Amino acids and vitamins prevent culture-induced metabolic perturbations and associated loss of viability of mouse blastocysts [J]. Hum Reprod,1998,13:991-997
Lanza RP, Cibelli JB, Blackwell C, et al. Extension of cell life-span and telomere length in animals cloned from senescent somatic cells [J]. Science,2000,288:665-669.
Lanza RP, Cibelli JB, Diaz F, et al. Cloning of an endangered species (Bos gaurus) using interspecies nuclear transfer [J]. Cloning,2000,2:79-90.
Lanza RP, Cibelli JB, West MD, et al. The ethical reasons for stem cell research [J]. Science,2001, 292:1299.
Laskey RA, Honda BM, Mills AD, et al. Nucleosomes are assembled by an acidic protein which binds histones and transfers them to DNA [J]. Nature,1978,275:416-420.
Lazzari G, Wrenzycki C, Herrmann D, et al. Cellular and molecular deviations in bovine in vitro produced embryos are related to the large offspring syndrome [J]. Biol Reprod,2002, 67:767-775.
Lee RS, Peterson AJ, Donnison MJ, et al. Cloned cattle fetuses with the same nuclear genetics are more variable than contemporary half-siblings resulting from artificial insemination and exhibit fetal and placental growth deregulation even in the first trimester [J]. Biol Reprod,2004, 70:1-11.
Leese HJ, Barton AM. Production of pyruvate by isolated mouse cumulus cells [J]. J Reprod Fert, 1985,72:9-13.
Leese HJ, Barton AM. Pyruvate and glucose uptake by mouse ova and preimplantation embryos [J]. J Exp Zool,1984,234:231-236.
Li J, Ishii T, Feinstein P, et al. Odorant receptor gene choice is reset by nuclear transfer from mouse olfactory sensory neurons [J]. Nature,2004,428:393-399.
Lim JM, Lee BC, Lee ES, et al. In vitro maturation and in vitro fertilization of bovine oocytes cultured in a chemically defined, protein-free medium:effects of carbohydrates and amino acids [J]. Reprod Fertil Dev,1999,11:127-132.
Liu CT, Chen CH, Cheng SP, et al. Parthenogenesis of rabbit oocytes activated by different stimuli[J]. Anim Reprod Sci,2002,70:267-276.
Liu JL, Sung LY, Barber M, et al. Hypertonic medium treatment for localization of nuclear material in bovine metaphase Ⅱ oocytes [J]. Biol Reprod,2002,66:1342-1349.
Liu L, Dai Y, Morr RM. Nuclear transfer in sheep embryos:the effect of cell-cycle coordination between nucleus and cytoplasm and the use of in vitro matured oocytes [J]. Mol Reprod Dev, 1997,47:255-264.
Liu L, Ju JC, Yang X. Parthenogenetic development and protein patterns of newly matured bovine oocytes after chemical activation [J]. Mol Reprod Dev,1998a,49:298-307.
Liu L, Oldenbourg R, Trimarchi JR, et al. A reliable, noninvasive technique for spindle imaging and enucleation of mammalian oocytes [J]. Nat Biotechnol,2000,18:223-224.
Liu L, Trimarchi JR, Keefe DL. Haploidy but not parthenogenetic activation leads to increased incidence of apoptosis in mouse embryos [J]. Biol Reprod,2002,66:204-210.
Liu L. Cloning efficiency and differentiation [J]. Nat Biotechnol,2001,195:406.
Liu, L, Ju JC, Yang X. Differential inactivation of maturation-promoting factor and mitogen-activated protein kinase following parthernogenetic activation of bovine oocytes [J]. Biol Reprod,1998b,59:537-545.
Loi P, Ledda S, Fulka JJr, et al. Development of parthenogenetic and cloned ovine embryos:effect of activation protocols [J]. Bio Reprod,1998,58:1177-1187.
Loi P, Ptak G, Barboni B, et al. Genetic rescue of an endangered mammal by cross-species nuclear transfer using post-mortem somatic cells [J]. Nat Biotechnol,2001,19:962-964.
Lonergan P, Carolon C, Langendonckt AV, et al. Role of epidermal growth factor in bovine oocyte maturation and pre-implantation embryo development in vitro [J]. Biol Reprod,1996,54: 1420-1429.
Lonergan P, Monaghan P, Rizos D, et al. Effect of follicle size on bovine oocyte quality and developmental competence following maturation, fertilization and culture in vitro [J]. Mol Reprod Dev,1994,37:48-53.
Lorca T, Cruzalegui FH, Fesquest D, et al. Calmodulin-dependent protein kinase Ⅱ mediates inactivation of MPF and CSF upon fertilization of Xenopus eggs [J]. Nature,1993,366: 270-273.
Lorenzo PL, Illera MJ, Illera JC, et al. Enhancement of cumulus expansion and nuclear maturation during bovine oocyte maturation in vitro by the addition of epidermal growth factors and insulin-like growth factors [J]. J Reprod Fertil,1994,101:697-701.
Luvoni GC, Keskintepe L, Breackett BG. Improvement in bovine embryo production in vitro by glutathione-containing culture media [J]. Mol Reprod Dev,1996,43:437-443.
Makarevich AV, Markkula M. Apoptosis and cell proliferation potential of bovine embryos stimulated with insulin-like growth factor-I during in vitro maturation and culture [J]. Biol Reprod,2002,66:386-392.
Manik RS, Singla SK, Palta P. Collection of oocytes through transvaginal ultrasound-guided aspiration of follicles in an Indian breed of cattle [J]. Anim Reprod Sci,2003,76:155-161.
Mayer W, Niveleau A, Walter J, et al. Demethylation of the zygotic paternal genome [J]. Nature, 2000,403:501-502.
McCreath J, Solter D. Nucleocytoplasmic interaction in the mouse embryo [J]. J Embryol Exp Morphol,1986,97:277-289.
McCreath KJ, Howcroft J, Campbell KHS, et al. Production of gene-targeted sheep by nuclear transfer from cultured somatic cells [J]. Nature,2000,405:1066-1069.
McGrath J, Softer D. Nuclear transplantation in the mouse embryo by microsurgery and cell fusion [J]. Science,1983,220:1300-1302.
McKiernan SH, Bavister BD. Different lots of bovine serum albumin inhibit or stimulate in vitro development of hamster embryos [J]. In Vitro Cell Dev Biol,1992,28:154-156.
McKiernan SH, Bavister BD. Environmental variables influencing in vitro development of hamster 2-cell embryos to the blastocyst stage [J]. Biol Reprod,1990,43:404-413.
Memili E, First NL. Zygotic and embryonic gene expression in cow:A review of timing and mechanisms of early gene expression as compared with other species [J]. Zygote,2000, 8:87-96.
Meo SC, Leal CLV, Garcia JM. Activation and early parthenogenesis of bovine oocytes treated with ethanol and strontium [J]. Anim Reprod Sci,2004,81:35-46.
Meo SC, Yamazaki W, Leal CLV, et al. Use of strontium for bovine oocyte activation [J]. Theriogenology,2005,63:2089-2102.
Miesel R, Drzejczak PJE, Kurpisz M. Oxidative stress during the interaction of gametes [J]. Biol Reprod,1993,49:918-923.
Miguel C, Benjamin P, Gavin K, et al. Imprinting mechanisms [J].Genome Res,1998,8:881-886.
Miyashita N, Shiga K, Fujita T, et al. Normal telomere lengths of spermatozoa in somatic cell-cloned bulls [J]. Theriogenology,2003,59:1557-1565.
Miyashita N, Shiga K, Yonai M, et al. Remarkable differences in telomere lengths among cloned cattle derived from different cell types [J]. Biol Reprod,2002,66:1649-1655.
Moon JH, Jee BC, Ku SY, et al. Spindle position and their distribution in in vivo and in vitro matured mouse oocytes [J]. Hum Reprod,2005,20:2207-2210.
Moor RM, Mattioli M, Ding J, et al. Maturation of pig oocytes in vivo and in vitro [J]. J Reprod Fertil,1990,40:197-210.
Moreira F, Paula-Lopes FF, Hansen PJ, et al. Effects of growth hormone and insulin-like growth
factor-Ⅰ on development of in vitro derived bovine embryos [J]. Theriogenology,2002, 57:895-907.
Motlik J, Fulk J. Factors affecting meiotic competence in pig oocytes [J]. Theriogenology,1986, 25:87-96.
Motlik J, Pavlok A, Kubelka M, et al. Interplay between cdc2 kinase, and MAP kinase pathway during maturation of mammalian oocytes [J]. Theriogenology,1998,49:461-469.
Nagao Y, Saeki K, Hoshi M, et al. Effects of oxygen concentration and oviductal epithelial tissue on the development of in vitro matured and fertilized bovine oocytes cultured in protein-free medium [J]. Theriogenology,1994,41:681-687.
Nakao M. Epigenetics:interaction of DNA methylation and chromatin [J]. Gene,2001,278:25-31.
Nakayama T, Noda Y, Goto Y, et al. Effects of visible light and other environmental factors on the production of oxygen radicals by hamster embryos [J]. Theriogenology,1994,41:499-510.
Nasr-Esfahani Mh, Johnson MH. Quantitative analysis of cellular glutathione in early preimplantation mouse embryos developing in vivo and in vitro [J]. Hum Reprod,1992, 7:1281-1290.
Neuber E, Luetjens CM, Chan AWS, et al. Analysis of DNA fragmentation of in vitro cultured bovine blastocysts using TUNEL [J]. Theriogenology,2002,57:2193-2202.
Niemann H, Wrenzycki C. Alterations of expression of developmentally important genes in preimplantation bovine embryos by in vitro culture conditions:Implications for subsequent development [J]. Theriogenology,2000,53:21-34.
Norman HD, Walsh MK. Performance of dairy cattle clones and evaluation of their milk composition [J]. Cloning Stem Cells,2004,6:157-164.
Nowshari MA. The effect of harvesting technique on efficiency of oocyte collection and different maturation media on the nuclear maturation of oocytes in camels (Camelus dromedarius) [J]. Theriogenology,2005,63:2471-2481.
Oback B, Wells DN. Cloning cattle [J]. Cloning and stem cells,2003,5:243-256.
Oback B, Wiersema AT, Gaynor P, et al. Cloned cattle derived from a novel zona-free embryo reconstruction system [J]. Cloning Stem Cells,2003,5:3-12.
Ogura A, Inoue K, Ogonuki N, et al. Phenotypic effects of somatic cell cloning in the mouse [J]. Cloning Stem Cells,2002,4:397-405.
Ogura A, Inoue K, Takano K, et al. Birth of mice after nuclear transfer by electrofusion using tail tip cells [J]. Mol Reprod Dev,2000,57:55-59.
Ogura A, Inoue K, Ogonuki N, et al. Production of male cloned mice from fresh, cultured, and cryopreserved immature sertoli cells [J]. Biol Reprod,2000,62:1579-1584.
Ohgane J, Wakayama T, Kogo, et al. DNA methylation variation in cloned mice [J]. Genesis,2001, 30:45-50.
Onishi A, Iwamoto M, Akita T, et al. Pig cloned by microinjection of fetal fibroblast nuclei [J]. Science,2000,289:1188-1190.
Ono Y, Shimozawa N, Ito M, et al. Cloned mice from fetal fibroblast cells arrested at metaphase by a serial nuclear transfer [J]. Biol Reprod,2001a,64:44-50.
Ono Y, Shimozawa N, Muguruma K, et al. Production of cloned mice from embryonic stem cells
arrested at metaphase [J]. Reproduction,2001b,122:731-736.
Oqura A, Inoue K, Takano K, et al. Birth of mice after nuclear transfer by electrofusion using tail tip cells [J]. Mol Reprod Dev,2000,57:55-59.
Ouhibi N, Fulka J, Kanka J, et al. Nuclear transplantation of ectodermal cells in pig oocytes: ultrastructure and radiography [J]. Mol Reprod Dev,1996,44:533-539.
Palma GA, Muller M, Brem G. Effect of insulin-like growth factor 1 IGF-1 at high concentrations on blastocyst development of bovine embryos produced in vitro [J]. J Reprod Fertil,1997,110: 347-353.
Pampfer S, Vanderheyden I, Michiels B, et al. Co-culture of two-cell rat embryos on cell monolayers [J]. In vitro Cell Dev Biol,1990,26:944-948.
Park J, Kamendulis LM, Klaunig JE. Mechanisms of 2-butoxyethanol carcinogenicity:studies on syrian hamster embryo (SHE) cell transformation [J]. Toxicol Sci,2002,68:43-50.
Park KW, Lai L, Cheong HT, et al. Mosaic gene expression in nuclear transfer-derived embryos and the production of cloned transgenic pigs from ear-derived fibroblasts [J]. Biol Reprod,2002,66: 1001-1005.
Park YS, Kim SS, Kim JM, et al. The effects of duration of in vitro maturation of bovine oocytes on subsequent development, quality and transfer of embryos [J]. Theriogenology,2005, 64:123-134.
Parrish JJ, Susko-Parrish JL, Leibfried-Rutledge ML, et al. Bovine in vitro fertilization with frozen-thawed semen [J]. Theriogenology,1986,25:591-600.
Paula-Lopes FF, Hansen PJ. Heat shock-induced apoptosis in preimplantation bovine embryos is a developmentally regulated phenomenon [J]. Biol Reprod,2002,66:1169-1177.
Pavlok A, Lucas-Hahn A, Niemann H. Fertilization and developmental competence of bovine oocytes derived from different categories of antral follicles [J]. Mol Reprod Dev,1992, 31:63-67.
Pawshe CH, Rao KBCA, Totey SM. Effect of insulin like growth factor 1 and its interaction with gonadotropins on in vitro maturation and embryonic development, cell proliferation and bio-synthetic activity of cumulus-oocyte complexes and granulosa cell in buffalo [J]. Mol Reprod Dev,1998,49:277-285.
Pawshe CH, Totey SM, Jain SK. A comparison of three methods of recovery of goat oocytes for in vitro maturation and fertilization [J]. Theriogenology,1994,42:117-125.
Peura TT, Lewis, IM, Trounson AO. The effect of recipient oocyte volume on nuclear transfer in cattle [J]. Mol Reprod Dev,1998,50:185-191.
Pinyopummintr T, Bavister BD. In vitro-matured/in vitro-fertilized bovine oocytes can develop into morulae/blastocysts in chemically defined, protein-free culture media [J]. Biol Reprod,1991, 45:736-742.
Polejaeva IA, Chen SH, Vaught TD, et al. Cloned pigs produced by nuclear transfer from adult somatic cells [J]. Nature,2000,407:86-90.
Popelkova M, Sirotkin AV, Bezakova A, et al. Effect of IGF-Ⅰ, leptin, ghrelin and MAPK-ERK on the nuclear maturation of bovine oocytes [J]. Bull Vet Inst Pulawy,2006,50:179-181.
Prather RS, Barnes FL, Sims MM, et al. Nuclear transplantation in the bovine embryos:assessment of donor nuclei and recipient oocyte [J]. J Biol Reprod,1987,37:859-866.
Prather RS, First NL. Cloning embryos by nuclear transfer [J]. Reprod Fertil,1990,41:125-134.
Prelle K, Stojkovic M, BoxhammerK, et al. Insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) and long R3 IGF-I differently affect development and messenger ribonucleic acid abundance for IGF-binding proteins and type I IGF receptors in in vitro produced bovine embryos [J]. Endocrinology,2001, 142:1309-1316.
Presicce GA, Yang X. Nuclear dynamics of parthenogenesis of bovine oocytes matured in vitro for 20 and 40 hours and activated with combined ethanol and cycloheximide [J]. Mol Reprod Dev, 1994,37:61-68.
Puikkinen MO. Oviductal function is critical for very early human life [J]. Ann Med,1995, 27:307-310.
Ravelich SR, Breier BH, Reddy S, et al. Insulin-like growth factor-I and binding proteins 1,2, and 3 in bovine nuclear transfer pregnancies [J]. Biol Reprod,2004,70:430-438.
Raza H, John A. Green tea polyphenol epigallocatechin-3-gallate differentially modulates oxidative stress in PC12 cell compartments [J]. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol,2005,207:212-220.
Renard JP, Zhou Q, LeBourhis D, et al. Nuclear transfer technologies:between successes and doubts [J]. Theriogenology,2002,57:203-222.
Rho GJ, Wu B, Kawarsky S, et al. Activation regimens to prepare bovine oocytes for intracytoplasmic sperm injection [J]. Mol Reprod Dev,1998,50:485-492.
Ribas R, Oback B, RitchieW, et al. Development of a zona-free method of nuclear transfer in the mouse [J]. Cloning Stem Cells,2005,7:126-138.
Rice-Evans C. Implications of the mechanisms of action of tea polyphenols as antioxidants in vitro for chemoprevention in humans [J]. Proc Soc Exp Biol Med,1999,4:262-266.
Rideout WM, Wakayama T, Wutz A, et al. Generation of mice from wild-type and targeted ES cells by nuclear cloning [J]. Nat Genet,2000,24:108-110.
Rieger D, Loskutoff NM. Changes in the metabolism of glucose, pyruvate, glutamine and glycine during maturation of cattle oocytes in vitro [J]. J Reprod Fertil,1994,100:257-262.
Rieger D, Luciano AM, Modina S, et al. The effects of epidermal growth factor and insulin-like growth factor I on the metabolic activity, nuclear maturation and subsequent development of cattle oocytes in vitro [J]. J Reprod Fertil,1998,112:123-130.
Rieger D, Loskutoff NM, Betteridge KJ. Developmentally related changes in the metabolism of glucose and glutamine by cattle embryos produced and co-culture in vitro [J]. J Reprod Fertil, 1992a,95:585-595.
Rieger D, Loskutoff NM, Betteridge KJ. Developmentally related changes in the uptake and metabolism of glucose, glutamine and pyruvate by cattle embryos produced in vitro [J]. Reprod Fertil Dev,1992b,4:547-557.
Rivera GM, Chandrasekher YA, Evans ACO, et al. A potential role for insulin-like growth factor binding protein-4 proteolysis in the establishment of ovarian follicular dominance in cattle [J]. Biol Reprod,2001,65:102-111.
Rizos D, Lonergan P, Boland MP, et al. Analysis of differential messenger RNA expression between bovine blastocysts produced in different culture systems:Implications for blastocyst quality [J]. Biol Reprod,2002,66:589-595.
Rocha A, Randel RD, Broussard JR, et al. High environmental temperature and humidity decrease oocyte quality in Bos taurus but not in Bos indicus cows [J]. Theriogenology,1998, 49:657-665.
Rodriguez-Gonzalez E, Lopez-Bejar M, Mertens M J, et al. Effect on in vitro embryo development and intracellular glutathione content of the presence of thiol compounds during maturation of prepubertal goat oocytes [J]. Mol Reprod Dev,2003,65:446-453.
Rose TA, Bavister BD. Effect of oocyte maturation medium in vitro development of in vitro fertilized bovine embryos [J]. Mol Reprod Dev,1992,31:72-77.
Rose-Hellekant T, Bavister BD. Substrates provided during in vitro maturation modulate acquisition of bovine developmental competence [J]. Biol Reprod,1995,52:173 (abstr.)
Rose-Hellekant TA, Libersky-Williamson EA, Bavister BD. Energy substrates and amino acids provided during in vitro maturation of bovine oocytes alter acquisition of developmental competence [J]. Zygote,1995,6:285-294.
Rutledge JJ, Monson RL, Northey DL, et al. Seasonality of cattle embryo production in temperate region [J]. Theriogenology,1999,50:330. (abstr.)
Sakagami H, Arakawa H, Maeda M, et al. Production of hydrogen peroxide and methionine sulfoxide by epigallocatechin gallate and antioxidants [J]. Anticancer Re,2001,21:2633-2641.
Sakaguchi M, Dominko T, Yamauchi N, et al. Possible mechanism for acceleration of meiotic progression of bovine follicular oocytes by growth factor in vitro [J]. Reproduction,2002, 123:135-142.
Samake S, Smith LC. Effects of cell-cycle-arrest agents on cleavage and development of mouse embryos [J]. J Exp Zool,1996,274:111-120.
Samake S, Smith LC. Synchronization of cell division in eight-cell bovine embryos produced in vitro:effects of 6-dimethylaminopurine [J]. J Reprod Fertil,1997,110:21-27.
Schini SA, Bavister BD. Two-cell block to development of cultured hamster embryos is caused by phosphate and glucose [J]. Biol Reprod,1988,39:1183-1192.
Schnieke AE, Kind AJ, Ritchie WA, et al. Human factor IX transgenic sheep produced by transfer of nuclei from transfected fetal fibroblasts [J]. Science,1997,278:2130-2133.
Schroeder P, Klotz LO, Sies H. Amphiphilic properties of (-) epicatechin and their significance of protection of cells against peroxynitrite [J]. Biochem Biophys Res Commun,2003,307:69-73.
Seshagiri PB, Bavister BD. Glucose inhibits development of hamster 8-cell embryos in vitro [J]. Biol Reprod,1989,40:599-606.
Shamsuddin M, Larsson B, Gustafsson et al. A serum-free, cell-free culture system for development of bovine one-cell embryos up to blastocyst stage with improved viability [J]. Theriogenology, 1994,41:1033-1043.
Shen PC, Lee SN, Liu BS, et al. The effect of activation treatments on the development of reconstructed bovine oocytes [J]. Anim Reprod Sci,2007, In Press.
Shiels PG, Kind AJ, Campbell KHS, et al. Analysis of telomere lengths in cloned sheep [J]. Nature, 1999,399:316-317.
Shiga K, Fujita T, Hirose K, et al. Production of calves by nuclei from cultured somatic cells obtained from Japanese black bulls [J].Theriogenology,1999,52:527-535.
Shirazi A, Shams-Esfandabadi N, Hosseini SM. A comparison of two recovery methods of ovine oocytes for in vitro maturation [J]. Small Ruminant Res,2005,58:283-286.
Shores EM, Picton HM, Hunter MG, et al. Differential regulation of pig theca cell steroidogenesis by LH, insulin-like growth factor Ⅰ and granulosa cells in serum-free culture [J]. J Reprod Fertil, 2000,118:211-219.
Silva JM, Price CA. Effect of follicle-stimulating hormone on steroid secretion and messenger ribonucleic acids encoding cytochromes P450 aromatase and cholesterol side-chain cleavage in bovine granulose cells in vitro [J]. Biol Reprod,2000,62:186-191.
Skrzyzonska M, Shioya Y, Nagai T, et al. Development of cloned bovine embryos from nuclei of cumulus and muscle cell origin [J]. Theriogenology,2000,53:244. (abstr.)
Smith SD, Soloy E, Kanka J, et al. Influence of recipient cytoplasm cell stage on transcription in bovine nucleus transfer embryos [J]. Mol Reprod Dev,1996,45:444-450.
Spanos S, Becker DL, Winston RML, et al. Anti-apoptotic action of insulin-like growth factor-I during human preimplantation embryo development [J]. Biol Reprod,2000,63:1413-1420.
Steeves TE, Gardner DK. Temporal and differential effects of amino acids on bovine embryo development in culture [J]. Biol Reprod,1999,61:731-740.
Steinbach OC, Wolffe AP, Rupp R. Somatic linker histones causes loss of mesodermal competence in Xenopus [J]. Nature,1997,389:395-399.
Steinborn R, Schinogl P, Zakhartchenko V, et al. Mitochondrial DNA heteroplasmy in cloned cattle produced by fetal and adult cell cloning [J]. Nat Genet,2000,25:255-257.
Steinborn R, Schinogl P, Wells DN, et al. Coexistence of Bo staurus and B indicus mitochondrial DNAs in nuclear transfer-derived somatic cattle clones [J]. Genetics,2002,162:823-829.
Stice SL, Gibbons J, Rzucidlo JR, et al. Improvements in nuclear transfer procedures will increase commercial utilization of animal cloning [J]. Asian Aust J Anim Sci,2000,13:856-860.
Stringfellow DA, Givens MD. Epidemiologic concerns relative to in vivo and in vitro production of livestock embryos [J]. Anim Reprod Sci,2000,60:629-642.
Susko-Parrish JL, Rutledge-Leibfried ML. Inhibition of protein kinases after an induced calcium transient causes transition of bovine oocyte to embryonic cycles without meiotic completion [J]. Dev Biol,1994,166:729-739.
Sutovsky P, Moreno RD, Ramalho-Santos J, et al. Ubiquitin tag for sperm mitochondria [J]. Nature, 1999,402:371-372.
Sutton-McDowall ML, Gilchrist RB, Thompson JG. Effect of hexoses and gonadotrophin supplementation on bovine oocyte nuclear maturation during in vitro maturation in a synthetic follicle fluid medium [J]. Reprod Fertil Dev,2005,17:407-415.
Szollosi D, Czolowska R, Szollosi MS, et al. Remodelling of mouse thymocyte nuclei depends on the time of their transfer into activated, homologous oocytes [J]. J cell Sci,1988,91:603-613.
Takahashi M, First NL. In vitro development of bovine one-cell embryos-influence of glucose, lactate, pyruvate, amino acids and vitamins [J]. Theriogenology,1992,37:963-978.
Takahashi S, Ito Y. Evaluation of meat products from cloned cattle:biological and biochemical properties [J]. Cloning Stem Cells,2004,6:165-171.
Takeda K, Akagi S, Kaneyama K, et al. Proliferation of donor mitochondrial DNA in nuclear
Takahashi M, First NL. In vitro development of bovine one-cell embryos-influence of glucose, lactate, pyruvate, amino acids and vitamins [J]. Theriogenology,1992,37:963-978.
Takahashi S, Ito Y. Evaluation of meat products from cloned cattle:biological and biochemical properties [J]. Cloning Stem Cells,2004,6:165-171.
Takeda K, Akagi S, Kaneyama K, et al. Proliferation of donor mitochondrial DNA in nuclear transfer calves (Bos taurus) derived from cumulus cells [J]. Mol Reprod Dev,2003,64: 429-437.
Takeda K, Takahashi S, Onishi A, et al. Dominant distribution of mitochondrial DNA from recipient oocytes in bovine embryos and offspring after nuclear transfer [J]. J Reprod Fertil, 1999,116:253-259.
Tamashiro KL, Wakayama T, Blanchard RJ, et al. Postnatal growth and behavioral development of mice cloned from adult cumulus cells [J]. Biol Reprod,2000,63:328-334.
Tan SJ, Lu KH. Effects of different oestrous cycle stages of ovaries and sizes of follicles on generation of IVF early embryos [J]. Theriogenology,1990,33:335. (abstr.)
Tani T, Kato T, Tsunoda Y. Direct exposure of chromosomes to nonactivated cytoplasm is effective for bovine somatic nucleus reprogramming [J]. Biol Reprod,2001,64:324-333.
Tecirlioglu RT, French AJ, Lewis IM, et al. Birth of a cloned calf derived from a vitrified handmade cloned embryo [J]. Reprod Fertil Dev,2004,15:361-366.
Tervit HR, Whittingham DG, Rowson LE. Successful culture in vitro of sheep and cattle ova [J]. J Reprod Fertil,1972,30:493-497.
Thibault C, Szollosi D, Gerard M. Mammalian oocyte maturation [J]. Reprod Nutr Dev,1987,27: 865-896.
Thibodeaux JK, Myers MW, Hansel W. The beneficial effects of incubating bovine embryos in groups are due to platelet-derived growth factor [J]. Theriogenology,1995,43:336. (abstr.)
Thompson JG, Bell ACS, Pugh PA, et al. Metabolism of pyruvate by pre-elongation sheep embryos and effect of pyruvate and lactate concentration during culture in vitro [J]. Reprod Fertil Dev, 1993,5:417-423.
Thompson JG, Gardner DK, Pugh PA, et al. Lamb birth weight is affected by culture system utilized during in vitro pre-elongation development of ovine embryos [J]. Biol Reprod,1995, 53:1385-1391.
Tian XC, Kubota C, et al. Meat and milk compositions of bovine clones [J]. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA,2005,102:6261-6266.
Tian XC, Xu J, Yang X. Normal telomere lengths found in cloned cattle [J]. Nat Genet,2000, 26:272-273.
Tiffin GJ, Rieger D, Betteridge KJ, et al. Glucose and glutamine metabolism in pre-attachment cattle embryos in relation to sex and stage of development [J]. J Reprod Fertil,1991,93:125-132.
Tilghman SM. The sins of the fathers and mothers:genomic imprinting in mammalian development [J]. Cell,1999,96:185-193.
Tome D, Dubarry M, Fromentin G. Nutritional value of milk and meat products derived from cloning [J]. Cloning Stem Cells,2004,6:172-177.
Tsunoda Y, Kato Y. Not only inner cell mass nuclei but also trophectoderm nuclei of mouse
blastocysts have a developmental totipotency [J]. Reprod Fertil,1998,113:181-184.
Umaoka Y, Noda Y, Narimoto K, et al. Effects of oxygen toxicity on early development of mouse embryos [J]. Mol Reprod Dev,1992,31:28-33.
Urakawa M, Ideta A, Sawada T, et al. Examination of modified cell synchronization method and bovine nuclear transfer using synchronized early G1 phase fibroblast cells [J]. Theriogenology, 2004,62:714-728.
Vajta G, Bartels P, Joubert J, et al. Production of a healthy calf by somatic cell nuclear transfer without micromanipulators and carbon dioxide incubators using the handmade cloning (HMC) and the submarine incubation system (SIS) [J]. Theriogenology,2004,62:1465-1472.
Van Wagtendonk-de Leeuw AM, Mullaart E, de Roos AP, et al. Effects of different reproduction techniques:AI MOET or IVP, on health and welfare of bovine offspring [J]. Theriogenology, 2000,53:575-597.
Vignon X, Chesn P, Le Bourhis D. Development potential of bovine embryos reconstructed with somatic nuclei from cultured skin and muscle fetal cells [J]. Theriogenology,1998,49:392. (abstr.)
Vinson JA, Dabbagh Y, Serry M, et al. Plant flavonoids, especially tea flavonols, are powerful antioxidants using an in vitro oxidation model for heart disease [J]. J Agric Food Chem,1995, 43:2800-2802.
Vitullo AD, Ozil JP. Repetitive calcium stimuli drive meiotic resumption and pronuclear development during mouse oocyte activation [J]. Dev Biol,1992,151:128-136.
Viuff D, Greve T, Avery B, et al. Chromosome aberrations in in vitro-produced bovine embryos at days 2-5 post-insemination [J]. Biol Reprod,2000,63:1143-1148.
Wakayama T, Perry AC, Zuccotti M, et al. Full-term development of mice from enucleated oocytes injected with cumulus cell nuclei [J]. Nature,1998,394:369-374.
Wakayama T, Shinkai Y, Tamashiro KL, et al. Cloning of mice to six generations [J]. Nature,2000, 407:318-319.
Wakayama T, Yanagimachi R. Cloning of male mice from adult tail-tip cells [J]. Nat Genet,1999. 22:127-128.
Waltner-Law ME, Wang XL, Law BK, et al. Epigallocatechin gallate, a constituent of green tea, represses hepatic glucose production [J]. J Biol Chem,2002,277:34933-34940.
Wang MK, Liu JL, Li GP, et al. Sucrose pretreatment for enucleation:an efficient and non-damage method for removing the spindle of the mouse M Ⅱ oocyte [J]. Mol Reprod Dev,2001, 58:432-436.
Wang W, Niwa K. Synergetic effects of EGF factor and gonadotropins on the cytoplasmic maturation of pig oocytes in a serum-free medium [J]. Zygote,1995,3:345-350.
Wani NA, Wani GM, Khan MZ, et al. Effect of different factors on the recovery rate of oocytes for in vitro maturation and in vitro fertilisation procedures in sheep [J]. Small Ruminant Res,1999, 34:71-76.
Ward F, Enright B, Rizos D, et al. Optimization of in vitro bovine embryo production:Effect of duration of maturation, length of gamete co-incubation, sperm concentration and sire [J]. Theriogenology,2002,57:2105-2117.
Watson AJ, Desousa P, Caveney A, et al. Impact of bovine oocyte maturation media on oocyte transcript levels, blastocyst development, cell number and apoptosis [J]. Hum Reprod,1999, 14:2575-2580.
Watson AJ, Hogan A, Hahnel A, et al. Expression of growth factor ligand and receptor genes in the preimplantation bovine embryo [J]. Mol Reprod Dev,1992,31:87-95.
Watson AJ, Watson PH, Warnes D, et al. Preimplantation development of in vitro-matured and in vitro fertilized ovine zygotes:comparison between coculture on oviduct epithelial cell monolayers and culture under low oxygen atmosphere [J]. Biol Reprod,1994,50:715-724.
Wells DN, Misica PM, Tervit HR. Production of cloned calves following nuclear transfer with cultured adult mural granulose cells [J]. Biol Reprod,1999,60:996-1005.
Willadsen SM. Nuclear transplantation in sheep embryos [J]. Nature,1986,320:63-65.
Williams RJ, Spencer JPE, Rice-Evans C. Flavonoids:antioxidants or signaling molecules [J]. Free Radical Biol Med,2004,36:838-849.
Wilmut I, Schnieke AE, McWhir J, et al. Viable offspring derived from fetal and adult mammalian cells [J]. Nature,1997,385:810-813.
Wilmut I, Beaujean N, de Sousa PA, et al. Somatic cell nuclear transfer [J]. Nature,2002,419: 583-585.
Wilmut I. Are there any normal cloned mammals? [J]. Nature Med,2002,8:215-216.
Winger QA, De La Fuente R, King WA, et al. Bovine parthenogenesis is characterized by abnormal chromosomal complements:Implications for maternal and paternal codependence during early bovine development [J]. Dev Genet,1997,21:160-166.
Woldesenbet S, Newton GR. Comparison of proteins synthesized by polarized caprine oviductal epithelial cells and oviductal explants in vitro [J]. Theriogenology,2003,60:533-543.
Woods GL, White KL, Vanderwall DK, et al. A mule cloned from fetal cells by nuclear transfer [J]. Science,2003,301:1063.
Wrenzycki C, Herrmann D, Carnwath JW, et al. Alterations in the relative abundance of gene transcripts in preimplantation bovine embryos cultured in medium supplemented with either serum or PVA [J]. Mol Reprod Dev,1999,53:8-18.
Wrenzycki C, Well D, Herrmann D, et al. Nuclear transfer protocol affects messenger RNA expression patterns in cloned bovine blastocysts [J]. Biol Reprod,2001,65:309-317.
Xia P, Tekpetey FR, Armstrong DT. Effect of IGF-I on the pig oocyte maturation, fertilization, and early embryonic development in vitro, and on granulose and cumulus cell biosynthetic activity [J]. Mol Reprod Dev,1994,38:373-379.
Xu J, Yang X. Telomerase activity in early bovine embryos derived from parthenogenetic activation and nuclear transfer [J]. Biol Reprod,2001,64:770-774.
Xue F, Tian XC, Du F, et al. Aberrant patterns of X chromosome inactivation in bovine clones [J]. Nat Genet,2002,31:216-220.
Yang GY, Liao J, Li C, et al. Effect of black and green tea polyphenols on c-jun phosphorylation and H2O2 production in transformed and non-transformed human bronchial cell lines:possible mechanisms of cell growth inhibition and apoptosis induction [J]. Carcinogenesis,2000,21: 2035-2039.
Yang X, Presicce GA, Moraghan L, et al. Synergistic effect of ethanol and cycloheximide on
Yi YJ, Park CS. Parthenogenetic development of porcine oocytes treated by ethanol, cycloheximide, cytochalasin B and 6-dimethylaminopurine [J]. Anim Reprod Sci,2005,86:297-304.
Yoshida Y, Miyamura M, Hamano S, et al. Expression of growth factor ligand and their receptor mRNAs in bovine ova during in vitro maturation and after fertilization in vitro [J]. J Vet Med Sci,1998,60:549-554.
Young LE, Fernandes K, McEvoy TG, et al. Epigenetic change in IGF2R is associated with fetal overgrowth after sheep embryo culture [J]. Nat Genet,2001,27:153-154.
Zhang Defu, Wang Ying, Chen Yin, et al. Development in vitro in reconstitution of embryo from porcine somatic cell nuclear transfer [J]. Dev Reprod Biol,2002,11:14-18.
Zhang Yong, Guo Jitong, Li Xuefeng, et al. Cloning in cattle and goats from somatic cells[A].Proceedings of Sino-US Symposium on Agricultural Biotechnology, Yangling, China, 1999,99-101.
Zhou Q, Boulanger L, Renard JP. A simplified method for the reconstruction of fully competent mouse zygotes from adult somatic donor nuclei [J]. Cloning,2000,2:35-44.
Zhou Q, Jouneau A, Brochard V, et al. Developmental potential of mouse embryos reconstructed from metaphase embryonic stem cell nuclei [J]. Biol Reprod,2001,65:412-419.
Zhou Q, Renard JP, Le Friec G, et al. Generation of fertile cloned rats by regulating oocyte activation [J]. Science,2003,302:1179.
多曙光,吴应积,罗奋华等.牛乳腺上皮细胞的分离培养及其生物学特性[J].动物学研究,2006.27：299-305.
高庆华,周虚,王春清等.促卵泡激素和胰岛素对牛卵泡颗粒细胞长期培养的影响[J].中国兽医学报,2006,26：442-447.
高庆华,周虚,王春清等.牛卵泡颗粒细胞无血清培养的形态学观察[J].中国兽医学报,2005,25：659-660.
郭继彤,安志兴,李煜等.成年耳细胞克隆山羊(Capra hircus) [J].中国科学C辑,2002,32：77-83.
李裕强,张涌,张琇.动物克隆中受体卵母细胞的体外成熟[J].西北大学学报,2001,31：122-126.
李裕强,张涌.山羊皮肤组织细胞分离与培养的研究[J].农业生物技术学报,2000,8：133-137.
刘亚,章孝荣,张运海等.牛、羊成纤维细胞的冷冻与冷藏保存[J].中国兽医学报,2004,24：197-198.
石德顺,卢克焕.卵泡液对牛卵母细胞体外成熟的影响[J].广西农业大学学报,1994,13：1-5.
王立虎,黄俊成,杨梅.绵羊体细胞核移植实验研究[J].草食家畜,2001,2：17-19.
肖正中,赖松家,邬苏晓.PVP和17p-E2对牛卵泡卵细胞体外成熟和体外受精的影响[J].黄牛杂志,2004,30：21-23.
徐小明,窦忠英,华进联等.牛胎儿成纤维细胞的分离与体外培养[J].中国畜牧杂志,2004,40：18-21.
薛庆善.体外培养的原理与技术[M].北京：科学出版社,2001：159-161.
杨春荣,窦忠英.影响哺乳动物细胞核移植效率的因素[J].黄牛杂志,2002,26：43-46.
叶荣,陈学进,杨利国等.牛纤维细胞的分离与体外培养[J].细胞生物学志,2005,27：93-97.
赵红卫,陈学进,李青旺.HA对牛卵母细胞体外成熟和早期胚胎体外发育影响的研究[J].西北 40：18-21.
薛庆善.体外培养的原理与技术[M].北京：科学出版社,2001：159-161.
杨春荣,窦忠英.影响哺乳动物细胞核移植效率的因素[J].黄牛杂志,2002,26：43-46.
叶荣,陈学进,杨利国等.牛纤维细胞的分离与体外培养[J].细胞生物学志,2005,27：93-97.
赵红卫,陈学进,李青旺.HA对牛卵母细胞体外成熟和早期胚胎体外发育影响的研究[J].西北农林科技大学学报(自然科学版),2004,32：9-12.
周颂成.成熟培养基中添加卵泡液对牛体外受精卵发育的影响[J].畜牧兽医学报,1993,24：512-517.
朱淑文,华修国,艾晓杰等.牛不同直径卵泡内卵母细胞体外受精后的卵裂率和染色体异常分析[J].中国兽医学报,2002,22：330-331.
邹贤刚,谭景和,杨增明等.哺乳动物克隆及其应用前景[J].生物工程进展,2000,20：5-10.
Agrawal KP, Sharma T, Sexana C. Chronology of first meiotic events of caprine oocytes matured in vitro [J]. Indian J Anim Sci,1995,65:285-288.
Ahmad N, Cheng P, Mukhtar H. Cell cycle dysregulation by green tea polyphenol epigallocatechin-3-gallate [J]. Biochem Biophys Res Commun,2000,275:328-334.
Aitken RJ, Buckingham DW, Harkiss D. Use of a xanthine oxidase free radical generating system to investigate the cytotoxic effects of reactive oxygen species on human spermatozoa [J]. J Reprod Fertil,1993,97:441-450.
Aitken RJ, Buckingham DW, West K, et al. On the use of paramagnetic beads and ferrofluids to assess and eliminate the leukocytic contribution to oxygen radical generation by human sperm suspension [J]. Am J Reprod Immunol,1996,35:541-551.
Alberio R, Kubelka M, Zakhartchenko V. Activation of bovine oocytes by specific inhibition of cyclin-dependent kinases [J]. Mol Reprod Dev,2000,55:422-432.
Alessi F, Quarta S, Savio M, et al. The cyclin dependent kinase inhibitors olomoucine and roscovitine arrest human fibroblasts in G1 phase by specific inhibition of CDK2 kinase activity [J]. Exp Cell Res,1998,245:8-18.
Ali A, Sirard MA. Effect of the absence or presence of various protein supplements on further development of bovine oocytes during in vitro maturation [J]. Biol Reprod,2002,66:901-905.
Ali AA, Bilodeau JF, Sirard MA Antioxidant requirements for bovine oocytes varies during in vitro maturation, fertilization and development [J]. Theriogenology,2003,59:939-949.
Al-Katanani YM, Webb DW, Hansen PJ. Factors affecting seasonal variation in 90-day nonreturn rate to first service in lactating Holstein cows in a hot climate [J]. J Dairy Sci,1999, 82:2611-2616.
Amano T, Tani T, Kato Y, et al. Mouse cloned from embryonic stem (ES) cells synchronized in metaphase with nocodazole [J]. J Exp Zool,2001,289:139-145.
Aoki F, Worrad DM, Schultz RM. Regulation of transcriptional activity during the first and second cell cycles in the preimplantation mouse embryo [J].Dev Biol,1997,181:296-307.
Avery B, Hay-schmidt A, Hyttel P, et al. Embryo development, oocyte morphology, and kinetics of meiotic maturation in bovine oocytes exposed to 6-dimethylaminopurine prior to in vitro maturation [J]. Mol Prod Dev,1998,50:334-344.
Baguisi A, Behboodi E, Melican DT, et al. Production of goats by somatic cell nuclear transfer [J]. Nat Biotechnol,1999,17:456-461.
Baguisi A, Overstrom EW. Induced encleation in nuclear transfer procedures to produce cloned animals [J]. Theriogenology,2000,53:209.(abstr.)
Barlow DP. Gametic imprinting in mammals [J]. Science,1995,270:1610-1613.
Barnes FL, Looney CR, Westhusin ME. Embryo cloning in cattle:The current state of technology
[J]. Embryo Transfer Newsletter,1991,6:1-6.
Barretto LSS, Caiado Castro VSD, Garcia JM, et al. Role of roscovitine and IBMX on kinetics of nuclear and cytoplasmic maturation of bovine oocytes in vitro [J]. Anim Reprod Sci,2007, 99:202-207.
Barry JM, Merriam RW. Swelling of hen erythrocyte nuclei in cytoplasm from Xenopus eggs [J]. Exp Cell Res,1972,71:90-96.
Bavister BD. Co-culture for embryo development:is it really necessary? [J]. Hum Reprod,1992, 7:1339-1341.
Bavister BD. Culture of preimplantation embryos:Facts and artifacts [J]. Hum Reprod Update, 1995,1:91-98.
Behboodi E, Anderson GB, BonDurant RH, et al. Birth of large calves that developed from in vitro-derived bovine embryos [J]. Theriogenology,1995,44:227-232.
Betthauser J, Forsberg E, Augenstein M, et al. Production of cloned pigs from in vitro systems [J]. Nat Biotechnol,2000,18:1055-1059.
Betts D, Bordignon V, Hill J, et al. Reprogramming of telomerase activity and rebuilding of telomere length in cloned cattle [J]. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA,2001,98:1077-1082.
Betts DH, King WA. Genetic regulation of embryo death and senescence [J]. Theriogenology,2001, 55:171-191.
Betts DH, King WA. Telomerase activity and telomere detection during early bovine development [J]. Dev Genet,1999,25:397-403.
Beyhan Z, Mitalipova M, Chang T, et al. Developmental potential of bovine nuclear transfer embryos produced using different types of adult donor cells [J]. Theriogenology,2000,53: 210. (abstr.)
Bhak JS, Lee SL, Ock SA, et al. Developmental rate and ploidy of embryos produced by nuclear transfer with different activation treatments in cattle [J]. Anim Reprod Sci,2006,92:37-49.
Biggers JD, Whittingham DG, Donahue RP. The pattern of energy metabolism in the mouse oocyte and zygote [J]. Proc Nat Acad Sci USA,1967,58:560-567.
Blondin P, Coenen K, Sirard MA. The impact of reactive oxygen species on bovine sperm fertilizing ability and oocyte maturation [J]. J Androl,1997,18:454-460.
Booth PJ, Viuff D, Tan S, et al. Numerical chromosome errors in day 7 somatic nuclear transfer bovine blastocysts [J]. Biol Reprod,2003,68:922-928.
Bos-Mikich A, Swann K, Whittingham DG. Calcium oscillations and protein synthesis inhibition synergistically activate mouse oocytes [J]. Mol Reprod Dev,1995,41:84-90.
Brison DR, Schultz RM. Apoptosis during mouse blastocyst formation:evidence for a role for survival factors including transforming growth factor alpha [J]. Biol Reprod,1997, 56:1088-1096.
Brophy B, Smolenski G, Wheeler T, et al. Cloned transgenic cattle produce milk with higher levels of beta-casein and kappa-casein [J]. Nat Biotechnol,2003,21:157-62.
Brown JJG, Whittingham DG. The dynamic provision of different energy substrates improves development of one-cell randombred mouse embryos in vitro [J]. J Reprod Fertil,95:503-511.
Buhi WC, Alvarez IM, Kouba AJ. Oviductal regulation of fertilization and early embryonic
development [J]. J Reprod Fertil,1997,52:285-300.
Buvaios RR, Cai X. Preimplantation embryo development enhanced by epidermal growth factor [J]. J Assist Reprod Genet,1994,11:33-37
Byrne AT, Southgate J, Brison DR, et al. Regulation of apoptosis in the bovine blastocyst by insulin and the insulin-like growth factor (IGF) superfamily [J]. Mol Reprod Dev,2002,62:489-495.
Campbell KHS. Nuclear equivalence, nuclear transfer, and the cell cycle [J]. Cloning,1999,1:3-15.
Campbell KHS, Mc Whir J, Ritchie WA, et al. Sheep cloned by nuclear transfer from a cultured cell line [J]. Nature,1996,380:64-66.
Campbell KHS, Ritchie WA, Wilmut I. Nuclear-cytoplasmic interactions during the first cell cycle of nuclear transfer reconstructed bovine embryos:Implications for deoxyribonucleic acid replication and development [J]. Biol Reprod,1993,49:933-942
Cardoso MC, Leohardt H. DNA methyltransferase is actively retained in the cytoplasm during early development [J]. Cell Biol,1999,147:25-32.
Carolan C, Monaghan P, Mehmood A, et al. Slicing of bovine ovaries as a means of oocyte recovery [J]. J Reprod Fertil,1992,9:51.(abstr.)
Chai PC, Long LH, Halliwell B. Contribution of hydrogen peroxide to the cytotoxicity of green tea and red wines [J]. Biochem Biophys Res Commun,2003,304:650-654.
Chao W. Huynh KD, Spencer RJ, et al. CTCF, a candidate trans-acting factor for X-inactivation choice [J]. Science,2002,295:345-347.
Chatot CL, Lewis JL, Torres I, et al. Development of 1-cell embryos from different strains of mice in CZB medium [J]. Bio Reprod,1990a,42:432-440.
Chatot CL, Lewis-Williams JL, Torres I, et al. One-minute exposure of 4-cell mouse embryos to glucose overcomes morula block in CZB medium [J]. Mol Reprod Dev,1994,37:407-412.
Chatot CL, Tasca RJ, Ziomek CA. Glutamine uptake and utilization by preimplantation mouse embryos in CZB medium [J]. J Reprod Fertil,1990b,89:335-346.
Chatot CL, Ziomek CA, Bavister BD, et al. An improved culture medium supports development of random-bred 1-cell mouse embryos in vitro [J]. J Reprod Fertil,1989,86:679-688.
Chauhan MS, Singla SK, Palta P. In vitro maturation and fertilization, and subsequent development of buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) embryos:effects of oocyte quality and type of serum [J]. Reprod Fertil Dev,1998,10:173-177.
Che L, Lalonde A, Bordignon V. Chemical of parthenogenetic and nuclear transfer porcines using ionomycin and strontium chloride [J]. Theriogenology,2007,67:1297-1304.
Chesne P, Adenot PG, Viglietta C, et al. Cloned rabbits produced by nuclear transfer from adult somatic cells [J]. Nat Biotechnol,2002,20:366-369.
Cho SR, Ock SA, Yoo JG, et al. Effects of confluent, roscovitine treatment and serum starvation on the cell-cycle synchronization of bovine fetal fibroblasts [J]. Anim Reprod Sci,2005, 40:171-176.
Choi YH, Carnevale EM, Seidel GE, et al. Effects of gonadotropins on bovine oocytes matured in TCM-199 [J]. Theriogenology,2001,56:661-670.
Cibelli JB, Stice SL, Golueke PJ, et al. Cloned transgenic calves produced from nonquiestent fetal fibroblasts[J]. Science,1998,280:1256-1258.
Clarke HJ, McLay DW, Mohamed OA. Linker histone transitions during mammalian oogenesis and embryogenesis [J]. Dev Genet,1998,22:17-30.
Cognie Y, Baril G, Poulin N, et al. Current status of embryo technologies in sheep and goat [J]. Theriogenology,2003,59:171-188.
Collas P, Sullivan EJ, Barnes FL. Histone H1 kinase activity in bovine oocytes following calcium stimulation [J]. Mol Reprod Dev,1993,34:224-231.
Collas PJ, Pinto-Correia C, Ponce de Leon FA, et al. Effect of donor cell cycle stage on chromatin and spindle morphology in nuclear transplant rabbit embryos [J]. Biol Reprod,1992,46: 501-511.
Conaghan J, Handyside AH, Winston RML, et al. Effects of pyruvate and glucose on the development of human preimplantation embryos in vitro [J]. J Reprod Fertil,1999,99:87-95.
Cong PQ, Song ES, Kim ES, et al. Effects of fusion/activation methods on development of embryos produced by nuclear transfer of porcine fetal fibroblasts [J]. Reprod Fertil Dev,2007, 19:134-135.
Coskun S, Lin YC. Mechanism of action of epidermal growth factor-induced porcine oocyte maturation [J]. Mol Reprod Dev,1994,42:311-317.
Cuthbertson KSR, Whittingham DG, Cobbold PH. Free Ca2+ increases in exponential phases during mouse oocyte activation [J]. Nature,1981,294:754-757.
Das G.K, Jain G.C, Solanki VS, et al. Efficacy of various collection methods for oocyte retrieval in buffalo [J]. Theriogenology,1996,46:1403-1411.
Datta TK, Goswami SL, Das SK. Comparative efficiency of three oocyte recovery methods from sheep ovaries [J]. Indian J Anim Sci,1993,63:1178-1179.
Daughaday WH, Rotwein P. Insulin-like growth factors Ⅰ and Ⅱ. Peptide, messenger ribonucleic acid and gene structures, serum and tissue concentration [J]. Endocr Rev,1989,10:68-92.
De Felici M, Dolci S, Siracusa. Involvement of thiol-disulfide groups in the sensitivity of fully grown mouse oocytes to calcium-free medium [J]. J Exp Zool,1987,243:283-287.
De La, Fuente R, King WA. Developmental consequences of karyokinesis without cytokinesis during the first mitotic cell of bovine parthenotes [J]. Biol Reprod,1998,58:952-956.
De Lamirande E, Tsai C, Harakat A, et al. Involvement of reactive oxygen species in human sperm acrosome reaction induced by A23187, lysophosphatidylcholine, and biological fluid ultrafiltrates [J]. J Androl,1998,19:585-594.
De Matos DG, Furnus CC. The importance of having high glutathione (GSH) level after bovine in vitro maturation on embryo development:Effect of β-mercaptoethanol, cysteine, and cystine [J]. Theriogenology,2000,53,761-771.
De Matos DG, Gasparrini B, Pasqualini SR, et al. Effect of glutathione synthesis stimulation during in vitro maturation of ovine oocytes on embryo development and intracellular peroxide content [J]. Theriogenology,2002,57:1443-1451.
De Wit AAC, Kruip AMT. Bovine cumulus-oocyte-complex-quality is reflected in sensitivity for a-amanitin, oocyte-diameter and developmental capacity [J]. Anim Reprod Sci,2001,65: 51-65.
Denning C, Burl S, Ainslie A, et al. Deletion of the alpha (1,3) galactosyl transferase (GGTA1)
gene and the prion protein (PrP) gene in sheep [J]. Nat Biotechnol,2001,19:559-562.
DePinho RA. The age of cancer [J]. Nature,2000,408:248-254.
Dimitrov S, Wolfe AP. Remodeling somatic nuclei in Xenopus laevis egg extracts:molecular mechanisms for the selective release of histories H1 and H1(0) from chromatin and the acquisition of transcriptional competence [J]. EMBO J,1996,15:5897-5906.
Dinneyes A, Dal Y, Jiang S, et al. High development rates of vitrified bovine oocytes following parthenogenetic activation, in vitro fertilization, and somatic cell nuclear transfer [J]. Bio Reprod,2000,63:513-518.
Doherty AS, Mann MR, Tremblay KD, et al. Differential effects of culture on imprinted H19 expression in the preimplantaion mouse embryo [J]. Biol Reprod,2000,62:1526-1535.
Dominko T, First NL. Timing of meiotic progression in bovine oocytes and its effect on early embryo development [J]. Mol Reprod Dev,1997,47:456-467.
Donnini D, Zambito AM, Perrella G, et al. Glucose may induce cell death through a free radical-mediated mechanism [J]. Biochem Biophys Res Commun,1996,219:412-417.
Downs SM, Humpherson PG, Martin KL, et al. Glucose utilization during gonadotropin-induced meiotic maturation in cumulus cell-enclosed mouse oocytes [J]. Mol Reprod Dev,1996,44: 121-131.
Droge W. Free radicals in the physiological control of cell function [J]. Physiol Rev,2002,82: 47-95.
Durfresne CJ, Farnworth ER. A review of latest research findings on the health promotion properties of tea [J]. J Nutr Biochem,2001,12:404-421.
Eckert J, Niemann H. In vitro maturation, fertilization and culture to blastocyte of bovine oocytes in protein-free media [J]. Theriogenology,1995,43:1211-1225.
Edwards RG. Maturation in vitro of mouse, sheep, cow, pig, rhesus monkey and human ovarian oocytes [J]. Nature,1965,208:349-351.
Eggan K, Akutsu H, Hochedlinger K, et al. X-Chromosome inactivation in cloned mouse embryos [J]. Science,2000,290:1578-1581.
Elhassan YM, Tasca RJ, Westhusin ME. Acids in bovine oviductal and uterine fluid in comparison to level available in a culture medium supplemented with commerical stocks [J]. Thriogenology,1999,51:237. (abstr.)
Ellington JE, Carney EW, Farrell PB, et al. Bovine 1-2-cell embryo development using a simple medium in three oviduct epithelial cell coculture system [J]. Biol Reprod,1990,43:97-104.
Evans M, Gurer C, Loike JD, et al. Mitochondrial DNA genotypes in nuclear transfer-derived cloned sheep [J]. Nat Genet,1999,23:90-93.
Farin PW, Crosier AE, Farin CE. Influence of in vitro systems on embryo survival and fetal development in cattle [J]. Theriogenology,2001,55:151-170.
Feng JWD, Funk SS, Wang SL, et al. The RNA component of human telomerase [J]. Science,1995, 269:1236.
Fiala ES, Sodium RS, Bhattacharya M, et al. (-) Epigallocatechin gallate, a polyphenolic tea antioxidant, inhibits peroxynitritemediated formation of 8-oxodeoxyguanosine and 3-nitrotyrosine [J]. Experientia,1996,9:922-926.
Flood MR, Gage TL, Bunch TD. Effect of various growth-promoting factors on preimplantation bovine embryo development in vitro [J]. Theriogenology,1993,39:823-833.
Fujitani Y, Kasai K, Ohtni S, et al. Effect of oxygen concentration and free radicals on in vitro development of in vitro-produced bovine embryos [J]. J Anim Sci,1997,75:483-489.
Fukuda Y, Ichikawa M, Naitok, et al. Birth of normal calves resulting from bovine oocytes matured fertilized and cultured with cumulus cells in vitro up to the blastocyst stage [J]. Biol Reprod, 1990,42:114-119.
Fulka JJr, Moor RM. Noninvasive chemical enucleation of mouse oocytes [J]. Mol Reprod Dev, 1993,34:427-430.
Fulka J Jr, First NL, Moor RM. Nuclear and cytoplasmic determinants involved in the regulation of mammalian oocyte maturation [J]. Mol Hum Reprod,1998,4:41-49.
Fulka J Jr, Loi P, Ledda S, et al. Nuclear transfer in mammals:How the oocyte cytoplasm modifies the transferred nucleus [J]. Theriogenology,2001,55:1373-1380.
Gabriela GC, Marisa S, Bartolomei EJ, et al. Genome-wide epigenetic alterations in cloned bovine fetuses [J]. Biol Reprod,2003,68:1009-1014.
Galli C, Colleoni S, Duchi R, et al. Developmental competence of equine oocytes and embryos obtained by in vitro procedures ranging from in vitro maturation and ICSI to embryo culture, cryopreservation and somatic cell nuclear transfer [J]. Anim Reprod Sci,2007, in press.
Galli C, Lagutina I, Croti G, et al. A cloned horse born to its dam twin [J]. Nature,2003,424:635.
Gandolfi F, Moore RM. Stimulation of early embryonic development in the sheep by co-culture with oviduct epithelial cells [J]. Reprod Fertil,1987,81:23-28.
Gardner DK, Lane M, Spitzer A, et al. Enhanced rates of cleavage and development for sheep zygotes cultured to the blastocyst stage in vitro in the absence of serum and somatic cell: Amino acids, Vitamins, and culturing embryos in groups stimulate development [J]. Bio Reprod,1994,50:390-400.
Garry FB, Adams R, McCann JP, et al. Postnatal characteristics of calves produced by nuclear transfer cloning [J]. Theriogenology,1996,45:141-152.
Gasparrini B, Gao S, Ainslie A, et al. Cloned mice derived from embryonic stem cell karyoplasts and activated cytoplasts prepared by induced enucleation [J]. Biol Reprod,2003,68:1259-1266.
Gasparrini B, Neglia G, Palo RD, et al. Effect of cysteamine during in vitro maturation on buffalo embryo development [J]. Theriogenology,2000,54:1537-1542.
Gibbons J, Arat S, Rzucidlo J, et al. Enhanced survivability of cloned calves derived from roscovitine-treated adult somatic cells [J]. Biol Reprod,2002,66:895-900.
Ginther OJ, Bergfelt DR, Beg MA, et al. In vivo effects of an intrafollicular injection of insulin-like growth factors 1 on the mechanism of follicle deviation in heifers and mares [J]. Biol Reprod, 2004,70:99-105.
Gordo AC, Wu H, He CL, et al. Injection of sperm cytosolic factor into mouse M Ⅱ oocytes induces different developmental fates according to the frequency of Ca2+oscillations and oocyte age [J]. Biol Reprod,2000,62:1370-1379.
Gordon I, Laboratory Production of Cattle Embryos [M]. CAB International, Wallington,1994: 30-142.
Goto Y, Noda Y, Mori T, et al. Increased generation of reactive oxygen species in embryos cultured in vitro [J]. Free Radic Biol Med,1993,15:69-75.
Grabiec A, Max A, Tischner M. Parthenogenetic activation of domestic cat oocytes using ethanol, calcium ionophore, cycloheximide and a magnetic field [J]. Theriogenology,2007,67: 795-800.
Greider CW. Telomere length regulation [J]. Annu Rev Biochem,1996,65:337-365.
Griffiths HR, Lunec J. Ascorbic acid in the 21st century-more than a simple antioxidant [J]. Environ Toxicol Phar,2001,10:173-182.
Grupen CG, Mau JC, McIlfatrick SM, et al. Effect of 6-dimethylaminopurine on electrically activated in vitro matured porcine oocytes [J]. Mol Reprod Dev,2002,62:387-396.
Guerin P, El Mouatassim S, Menezo, Y. Oxidative stress and protection against reactive oxygen species in the pre-implantation embryo and its surroundings [J]. Hum Reprod Update,2001,7: 175-189.
Guo Q, Zhao BL, Li MF, et al. Studies on protective mechanisms of four components of green tea polyphenols against lipid peroxidation in synaptosomes [J]. Biochim Biophys Acta,1996,1304: 210-222.
Gurdon JB, Laskey RA, De Robertis EM, et al. Reprogramming of transplanted nuclei in amphibian [J]. Int Rev Cytol (Suppl),1979,9:161-178.
Gutierrez CG, Campbell BK, Webb R, et al. Development of a long-term bovine granulosa cell culture system:induction and maintenance of estradiol production, response to follicle-stimulating hormone, and morphological characteristics [J]. Biol Reprod,1997,56: 608-616.
Hall VJ, Ruddock NT, Cooney MA, et al. Production of a cloned calf using zona-free serial nuclear transfer [J]. Theriogenology,2006,65:424-440.
Halliwell B, Gutteridge, JM. Free radicals and antioxidant protection:mechanisms and significance in toxicology and disease [J]. Hum Toxicol,1988,7:7-13.
Han YM, Kang YK, Koo DB, et al. Nuclear reprogramming of cloned embryos produced in vitro [J]. Theriogenology,2003,59:33-44.
Hao Y, Lai L, Mao J, et al. Apoptosis in parthenogenetic preimplantation porcine embryos [J]. Biol Reprod,2004,70:1644-1649.
Harper MK, Brackett BJ. Bovine blastocyst development after in vitro maturation in a defined medium with epidermal growth factor and low concentrations of gonadotropins [J]. Biol Reprod,1993,48:409-416.
Hashimoto S, Minami N, Yamada M, et al. Excessive concentration of glucose during in vitro maturation impairs the developmental competence of bovine oocytes after in vitro fertilization: relevance to intracellular reactive oxygen species and glutathione contents [J]. Mol Reprod Dev, 2000,56:520-526.
Herrler A, Lucas-Hahn A, Niemann H. Effects of insulin-like growth factor-I on in-vitro production of bovine embryos [J]. Theriogenology,1992,37:1213-1224.
Heyman Y, Chavate-Palmer P, Le Bourhis D, et al. Frequency and occurrence of late-gestation losses from cattle cloned embryos [J]. Biol Reprod,2002,66:6-13.
Hiendleder S, Zakhatrtchenko V, Wenigerkind H, et al. Heteroplasmy in bovine fetuses produced by intra- and inter-subspecific somatic cell nuclear transfer:neutral segregation of nuclear donor mitochondrial DNA in various tissues and evidence for recipient cow mitochondria in fetal blood [J]. Biol Reprod,2003,68:159-166.
Higdon JV, Frei B. Tea catechins and polyphenols:health effects, metabolism and antioxidant functions [J]. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr,2003,43:89-143.
Hirao Y, Itoh T, Shimizu M, et al. In vitro growth and development of bovine oocyte-granulosa cell complexes on the flat substratum:effects of high polyvinylpyrrolidone concentration in culture medium [J]. Biol Reprod,2004,70:83-91.
Ho YS, Dey MS, Crapo JD. Antioxidant enzyme expression in rat lungs during hypoxia [J]. Am J Physiol,1996,270:L810-L818.
Holm P, Booth PJ, Schmidt MH, et al. High bovine blastocyst development in a static in vitro production system using SOFaa medium supplemented with sodium citrate and myo-inositol with or without serum-proteins [J]. Theriogenology,1999,52:683-700.
Howlett SK, Reik W. Methylation levels of maternal and paternal genomes during preimplantation development [J]. Development,1991,113:119-127.
Humpherys D, Eggan K, Akutsu H, et al. Abnormal gene expression in cloned mice derived from embryonic stem cell and cumulus cell nuclei [J]. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA,2002, 99:12889-12894.
Im GS, Lai L, Liu Z, et al. In vitro development of preimplantation porcine nuclear transfer embryos cultured in different media and gas atmospheres [J]. Theriogenology,2004,61:1125-1135.
Inoue K, Kohda T, Lee J, et al. Faithful expression of imprinted genes in cloned mice [J]. Science, 2002,295:297.
Inui A. Obesity-a chronic health problem in cloned mice [J]? Trends Pharmacol Sci,2003, 24:77-80.
Iudica C, Kaiser G, Alberio R. Antioxidants during in vitro oocyte maturation affect the in vitro production of bovine embryos [J]. Theriogenology,1999,51:378. (abstr.)
Iwata H, Akamatsu S, Minami N, et al. Effects of antioxidants on the development of bovine IVM/IVF embryos in various concentrations of glucose [J]. Theriogenology,1998,50:365-375.
Iwata H, Hashimoto S, Ohota M, et al. Effects of follicle size and electrolytes and glucose in maturation medium on nuclear maturation and developmental competence of bovine oocytes [J]. Reproduction,2004,127:159-164.
Jiao HL, Ye P, Zhao BL. Protective effects of green tea polyphenols on human HepG2 cells against oxidative damage of fenofibrate [J]. Free Radical Biol Med,2003,35:1121-1128.
Johnson MH, Nasr-Esfahani MH. Radical solutions and cultural problems:could free oxygen radicals be responsible for the impaired development of preimplantation mammalian embryos in vitro? [J]. Bioessay,1994,16:31-38.
Jones JKI, Clemmons DR. Insulin-like growth factors and their binding proteins:biological action [J]. Endocrinol Rev,1995,16:3-34.
Jones KL, Tarochione-Utt KD. DNA methylation in bovine adult and fetal fibroblast cells [J]. Cloning Stem Cells,2004,6:259-266.
Joshua D, Lambert, Chung S, et al. Mechanisms of cancer prevention by tea constituents [J]. J Nutr,
2003:3262-3263.
Ju JC, Liu L, Jiang S, et al. Parthenogenetic activation of IVM-derived bovine oocytes [J]. Biol Reprod (Suppl.),1997,56:38.
Jurisicova A, Varmuza S, Casper RF. Programmed cell death and human embryo fragmentation [J]. Mol Hum Reprod,1996,2:93-98.
Kang YK, Koo DB, Park JS, et al. Aberant methylation of donor genome in cloned bovine embryos [J]. Nat Genet,2001a,28:173-177.
Kang YK, Koo DB, Park JS, et al. Typical demethylation events in cloned pig embryos:Clues on species-specific differences in epigenetic reprogramming of a cloned donor genome [J]. J Biol Chem,2001b,276:39980-39984.
Kanka J, Smith SD, Soloy E, et al. Nucleolus ultrastructure in bovine nuclear transfer embryos [J]. Mol Reprod Dev,1999,52:253-263.
Kasinathan P, Knott JG, Wang Z, et al. Production of calves from G1 fibroblasts [J]. Nat Biotechnol, 2001,19:1176-1178.
Katiyar SK, Afaq F, Azizuddin K, et al. Inhibition of UVB-induced oxidative stress-mediated phosphorylation of mitogenactivated protein kinase signaling pathways in cultured human epidermal keratinocytes by green tea polyphenol (-) epigallocatechin-3- gallate [J]. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol,2001,176:110-117.
Kato Y, Tani T, Sotomatu Y, et al. Eight calves cloned from somatic cells of a single adult [J]. Science,1998,282:2095-2098.
Kato Y, Tani T, Tsunoda Y. Cloning of calves from various somatic cell types of male and female adult, new born and fetal cows [J]. J Reprod Fertil,2000,120:231-237.
Keefer C L, Keystone R, Bhatia B, et al. Efficient production of viable goat offspring following nuclear transfer using adult somatic cells [J]. Biol Reprod (Suppl),2000,62:1921.
Keskintepe L, Brackett BG. In vitro developmental competence of in vitro matured bovine oocytes fertilized and cultured in completely defined media [J]. Biol Reprod,1996,55:333-339.
Keskintepe L, Burnley CA, Brackett BG. Production of viable bovine blastocysts in defined in vitro conditions [J]. Biol Reprod,1995,52:1410-1417.
Kikyo N, Wolffe AP. Reprogramming nuclei:insights from cloning, nuclear transfer and heterokaryons [J]. J Cell Sci,2000,113:11-20.
Kim JH, FunahashiH, Niwa K, et al. Glucose requirement at different developmental stages of in vitro fertilized bovine embryos cultured in semi-defined medium [J]. Theriogenology,1993a, 39:876-886.
Kim JH, Niwa K, Lim JM, et al. Effects of phosphate, energy substrates, and amino acids on development of in vitro-matured, in vitro-fertilized bovine oocytes in a chemically defined, protein-free culture medium[J]. Biol Reprod,1993b,48:1320-1325.
Kishi M, Itagak Y, Takakura R, et al. Nuclear transfer in cattle using colostrums-derived mammary gland epithelial cells and era-derived fibroblast cells [J]. Theriogenology,2000,53:226.(abstr.)
Kleinschmidt JA, Dingwall C, Maier G, et al. Molecular characterization of a karyophilic histone-binding protein:cDNA cloning, amino acid sequence and espression of nuclear protein N1/N2 of Xenopus laevis [J]. EMBO,1986,5:3547-3552.
Knapen MF, Zusterzeel PL, Peters WH, et al. Glutathione and glutathione-related enzymes in reproduction:a review [J]. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol,1999,82:171-184.
Kobayashi K, Yamashita S, Hoshi H. Influence of epidermal growth factor and transforming growth factors-a on in vitro maturation of. cumulus cell-enclosed bovine oocytes in a defined medium [J]. J Reprod Fertil,1994,100:439-446.
Krisher RL, Bavister BD. Enhanced glycolysis after maturation of bovine oocytes in vitro is associated with increased developmental competence [J]. Mol Reprod Dev,1999,53:19-26.
Krisher RL, Lane M, Bavister BD. Developmental competence and metabolism of bovine embryos cultured in semi-defined and defined culture media [J]. Biol Reprod,1999,60:1345-1352.
Kubota C, Yamakuchi H, Todoroki J, et al. Six cloned calves produced from adult fibroblast cells after long-term culture [J]. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA,2000,97:990-995.
Kues WA, Anger M, Carnwarth JW, et al. Cell cycle synchronization of porcine fibroblasts:effects of serum deprivation and reversible cell cycle inhibitors [J]. Biol Reprod,2000,62:412-419.
Kumar D, Purohit GN. Effect of epidermal and insulin like growth factor-1 on cumulus expansion, nuclear maturation and fertilization of buffalo cumulus oocyte complexes in simple serum free media DMEM and Ham's F-10 [J]. Veterinarski Arhiv,2004,74:13-25.
Lagutina I, Lazzari G, Duchi R, et al. Somatic cell nuclear transfer in horses:effect of oocyte morphology, embryo reconstruction method and donor cell type [J]. Reproduction,2005, 130:559-567.
Lamb VK, Leese HJ. Uptake of a mixture of amino acids by mouse blastocysts [J]. J Reprod Fertil, 1994,102:169-175.
Lambert JD, Yang CS. Mechanisms of cancer prevention by tea constituents [J]. J Nutr,2003, 133:3262S-3267S.
Lan GC, Han D, Wu YG, et al. Effects of duration, concentration, and timing of ionomycin and 6-Dimethylaminopurine (6-DMAP) treatment on activation of goat oocytes [J]. Mol Reprod Dev,2005,71:380-388.
Lane M, Gardner DK. Amino acids and vitamins prevent culture-induced metabolic perturbations and associated loss of viability of mouse blastocysts [J]. Hum Reprod,1998,13:991-997
Lanza RP, Cibelli JB, Blackwell C, et al. Extension of cell life-span and telomere length in animals cloned from senescent somatic cells [J]. Science,2000,288:665-669.
Lanza RP, Cibelli JB, Diaz F, et al. Cloning of an endangered species (Bos gaurus) using interspecies nuclear transfer [J]. Cloning,2000,2:79-90.
Lanza RP, Cibelli JB, West MD, et al. The ethical reasons for stem cell research [J]. Science,2001, 292:1299.
Laskey RA, Honda BM, Mills AD, et al. Nucleosomes are assembled by an acidic protein which binds histones and transfers them to DNA [J]. Nature,1978,275:416-420.
Lazzari G, Wrenzycki C, Herrmann D, et al. Cellular and molecular deviations in bovine in vitro produced embryos are related to the large offspring syndrome [J]. Biol Reprod,2002, 67:767-775.
Lee RS, Peterson AJ, Donnison MJ, et al. Cloned cattle fetuses with the same nuclear genetics are more variable than contemporary half-siblings resulting from artificial insemination and exhibit fetal and placental growth deregulation even in the first trimester [J]. Biol Reprod,2004, 70:1-11.
Leese HJ, Barton AM. Production of pyruvate by isolated mouse cumulus cells [J]. J Reprod Fert, 1985,72:9-13.
Leese HJ, Barton AM. Pyruvate and glucose uptake by mouse ova and preimplantation embryos [J]. J Exp Zool,1984,234:231-236.
Li J, Ishii T, Feinstein P, et al. Odorant receptor gene choice is reset by nuclear transfer from mouse olfactory sensory neurons [J]. Nature,2004,428:393-399.
Lim JM, Lee BC, Lee ES, et al. In vitro maturation and in vitro fertilization of bovine oocytes cultured in a chemically defined, protein-free medium:effects of carbohydrates and amino acids [J]. Reprod Fertil Dev,1999,11:127-132.
Liu CT, Chen CH, Cheng SP, et al. Parthenogenesis of rabbit oocytes activated by different stimuli[J]. Anim Reprod Sci,2002,70:267-276.
Liu JL, Sung LY, Barber M, et al. Hypertonic medium treatment for localization of nuclear material in bovine metaphase Ⅱ oocytes [J]. Biol Reprod,2002,66:1342-1349.
Liu L, Dai Y, Morr RM. Nuclear transfer in sheep embryos:the effect of cell-cycle coordination between nucleus and cytoplasm and the use of in vitro matured oocytes [J]. Mol Reprod Dev, 1997,47:255-264.
Liu L, Ju JC, Yang X. Parthenogenetic development and protein patterns of newly matured bovine oocytes after chemical activation [J]. Mol Reprod Dev,1998a,49:298-307.
Liu L, Oldenbourg R, Trimarchi JR, et al. A reliable, noninvasive technique for spindle imaging and enucleation of mammalian oocytes [J]. Nat Biotechnol,2000,18:223-224.
Liu L, Trimarchi JR, Keefe DL. Haploidy but not parthenogenetic activation leads to increased incidence of apoptosis in mouse embryos [J]. Biol Reprod,2002,66:204-210.
Liu L. Cloning efficiency and differentiation [J]. Nat Biotechnol,2001,195:406.
Liu, L, Ju JC, Yang X. Differential inactivation of maturation-promoting factor and mitogen-activated protein kinase following parthernogenetic activation of bovine oocytes [J]. Biol Reprod,1998b,59:537-545.
Loi P, Ledda S, Fulka JJr, et al. Development of parthenogenetic and cloned ovine embryos:effect of activation protocols [J]. Bio Reprod,1998,58:1177-1187.
Loi P, Ptak G, Barboni B, et al. Genetic rescue of an endangered mammal by cross-species nuclear transfer using post-mortem somatic cells [J]. Nat Biotechnol,2001,19:962-964.
Lonergan P, Carolon C, Langendonckt AV, et al. Role of epidermal growth factor in bovine oocyte maturation and pre-implantation embryo development in vitro [J]. Biol Reprod,1996,54: 1420-1429.
Lonergan P, Monaghan P, Rizos D, et al. Effect of follicle size on bovine oocyte quality and developmental competence following maturation, fertilization and culture in vitro [J]. Mol Reprod Dev,1994,37:48-53.
Lorca T, Cruzalegui FH, Fesquest D, et al. Calmodulin-dependent protein kinase Ⅱ mediates inactivation of MPF and CSF upon fertilization of Xenopus eggs [J]. Nature,1993,366: 270-273.
Lorenzo PL, Illera MJ, Illera JC, et al. Enhancement of cumulus expansion and nuclear maturation during bovine oocyte maturation in vitro by the addition of epidermal growth factors and insulin-like growth factors [J]. J Reprod Fertil,1994,101:697-701.
Luvoni GC, Keskintepe L, Breackett BG. Improvement in bovine embryo production in vitro by glutathione-containing culture media [J]. Mol Reprod Dev,1996,43:437-443.
Makarevich AV, Markkula M. Apoptosis and cell proliferation potential of bovine embryos stimulated with insulin-like growth factor-I during in vitro maturation and culture [J]. Biol Reprod,2002,66:386-392.
Manik RS, Singla SK, Palta P. Collection of oocytes through transvaginal ultrasound-guided aspiration of follicles in an Indian breed of cattle [J]. Anim Reprod Sci,2003,76:155-161.
Mayer W, Niveleau A, Walter J, et al. Demethylation of the zygotic paternal genome [J]. Nature, 2000,403:501-502.
McCreath J, Solter D. Nucleocytoplasmic interaction in the mouse embryo [J]. J Embryol Exp Morphol,1986,97:277-289.
McCreath KJ, Howcroft J, Campbell KHS, et al. Production of gene-targeted sheep by nuclear transfer from cultured somatic cells [J]. Nature,2000,405:1066-1069.
McGrath J, Softer D. Nuclear transplantation in the mouse embryo by microsurgery and cell fusion [J]. Science,1983,220:1300-1302.
McKiernan SH, Bavister BD. Different lots of bovine serum albumin inhibit or stimulate in vitro development of hamster embryos [J]. In Vitro Cell Dev Biol,1992,28:154-156.
McKiernan SH, Bavister BD. Environmental variables influencing in vitro development of hamster 2-cell embryos to the blastocyst stage [J]. Biol Reprod,1990,43:404-413.
Memili E, First NL. Zygotic and embryonic gene expression in cow:A review of timing and mechanisms of early gene expression as compared with other species [J]. Zygote,2000, 8:87-96.
Meo SC, Leal CLV, Garcia JM. Activation and early parthenogenesis of bovine oocytes treated with ethanol and strontium [J]. Anim Reprod Sci,2004,81:35-46.
Meo SC, Yamazaki W, Leal CLV, et al. Use of strontium for bovine oocyte activation [J]. Theriogenology,2005,63:2089-2102.
Miesel R, Drzejczak PJE, Kurpisz M. Oxidative stress during the interaction of gametes [J]. Biol Reprod,1993,49:918-923.
Miguel C, Benjamin P, Gavin K, et al. Imprinting mechanisms [J].Genome Res,1998,8:881-886.
Miyashita N, Shiga K, Fujita T, et al. Normal telomere lengths of spermatozoa in somatic cell-cloned bulls [J]. Theriogenology,2003,59:1557-1565.
Miyashita N, Shiga K, Yonai M, et al. Remarkable differences in telomere lengths among cloned cattle derived from different cell types [J]. Biol Reprod,2002,66:1649-1655.
Moon JH, Jee BC, Ku SY, et al. Spindle position and their distribution in in vivo and in vitro matured mouse oocytes [J]. Hum Reprod,2005,20:2207-2210.
Moor RM, Mattioli M, Ding J, et al. Maturation of pig oocytes in vivo and in vitro [J]. J Reprod Fertil,1990,40:197-210.
Moreira F, Paula-Lopes FF, Hansen PJ, et al. Effects of growth hormone and insulin-like growth
factor-Ⅰ on development of in vitro derived bovine embryos [J]. Theriogenology,2002, 57:895-907.
Motlik J, Fulk J. Factors affecting meiotic competence in pig oocytes [J]. Theriogenology,1986, 25:87-96.
Motlik J, Pavlok A, Kubelka M, et al. Interplay between cdc2 kinase, and MAP kinase pathway during maturation of mammalian oocytes [J]. Theriogenology,1998,49:461-469.
Nagao Y, Saeki K, Hoshi M, et al. Effects of oxygen concentration and oviductal epithelial tissue on the development of in vitro matured and fertilized bovine oocytes cultured in protein-free medium [J]. Theriogenology,1994,41:681-687.
Nakao M. Epigenetics:interaction of DNA methylation and chromatin [J]. Gene,2001,278:25-31.
Nakayama T, Noda Y, Goto Y, et al. Effects of visible light and other environmental factors on the production of oxygen radicals by hamster embryos [J]. Theriogenology,1994,41:499-510.
Nasr-Esfahani Mh, Johnson MH. Quantitative analysis of cellular glutathione in early preimplantation mouse embryos developing in vivo and in vitro [J]. Hum Reprod,1992, 7:1281-1290.
Neuber E, Luetjens CM, Chan AWS, et al. Analysis of DNA fragmentation of in vitro cultured bovine blastocysts using TUNEL [J]. Theriogenology,2002,57:2193-2202.
Niemann H, Wrenzycki C. Alterations of expression of developmentally important genes in preimplantation bovine embryos by in vitro culture conditions:Implications for subsequent development [J]. Theriogenology,2000,53:21-34.
Norman HD, Walsh MK. Performance of dairy cattle clones and evaluation of their milk composition [J]. Cloning Stem Cells,2004,6:157-164.
Nowshari MA. The effect of harvesting technique on efficiency of oocyte collection and different maturation media on the nuclear maturation of oocytes in camels (Camelus dromedarius) [J]. Theriogenology,2005,63:2471-2481.
Oback B, Wells DN. Cloning cattle [J]. Cloning and stem cells,2003,5:243-256.
Oback B, Wiersema AT, Gaynor P, et al. Cloned cattle derived from a novel zona-free embryo reconstruction system [J]. Cloning Stem Cells,2003,5:3-12.
Ogura A, Inoue K, Ogonuki N, et al. Phenotypic effects of somatic cell cloning in the mouse [J]. Cloning Stem Cells,2002,4:397-405.
Ogura A, Inoue K, Takano K, et al. Birth of mice after nuclear transfer by electrofusion using tail tip cells [J]. Mol Reprod Dev,2000,57:55-59.
Ogura A, Inoue K, Ogonuki N, et al. Production of male cloned mice from fresh, cultured, and cryopreserved immature sertoli cells [J]. Biol Reprod,2000,62:1579-1584.
Ohgane J, Wakayama T, Kogo, et al. DNA methylation variation in cloned mice [J]. Genesis,2001, 30:45-50.
Onishi A, Iwamoto M, Akita T, et al. Pig cloned by microinjection of fetal fibroblast nuclei [J]. Science,2000,289:1188-1190.
Ono Y, Shimozawa N, Ito M, et al. Cloned mice from fetal fibroblast cells arrested at metaphase by a serial nuclear transfer [J]. Biol Reprod,2001a,64:44-50.
Ono Y, Shimozawa N, Muguruma K, et al. Production of cloned mice from embryonic stem cells
arrested at metaphase [J]. Reproduction,2001b,122:731-736.
Oqura A, Inoue K, Takano K, et al. Birth of mice after nuclear transfer by electrofusion using tail tip cells [J]. Mol Reprod Dev,2000,57:55-59.
Ouhibi N, Fulka J, Kanka J, et al. Nuclear transplantation of ectodermal cells in pig oocytes: ultrastructure and radiography [J]. Mol Reprod Dev,1996,44:533-539.
Palma GA, Muller M, Brem G. Effect of insulin-like growth factor 1 IGF-1 at high concentrations on blastocyst development of bovine embryos produced in vitro [J]. J Reprod Fertil,1997,110: 347-353.
Pampfer S, Vanderheyden I, Michiels B, et al. Co-culture of two-cell rat embryos on cell monolayers [J]. In vitro Cell Dev Biol,1990,26:944-948.
Park J, Kamendulis LM, Klaunig JE. Mechanisms of 2-butoxyethanol carcinogenicity:studies on syrian hamster embryo (SHE) cell transformation [J]. Toxicol Sci,2002,68:43-50.
Park KW, Lai L, Cheong HT, et al. Mosaic gene expression in nuclear transfer-derived embryos and the production of cloned transgenic pigs from ear-derived fibroblasts [J]. Biol Reprod,2002,66: 1001-1005.
Park YS, Kim SS, Kim JM, et al. The effects of duration of in vitro maturation of bovine oocytes on subsequent development, quality and transfer of embryos [J]. Theriogenology,2005, 64:123-134.
Parrish JJ, Susko-Parrish JL, Leibfried-Rutledge ML, et al. Bovine in vitro fertilization with frozen-thawed semen [J]. Theriogenology,1986,25:591-600.
Paula-Lopes FF, Hansen PJ. Heat shock-induced apoptosis in preimplantation bovine embryos is a developmentally regulated phenomenon [J]. Biol Reprod,2002,66:1169-1177.
Pavlok A, Lucas-Hahn A, Niemann H. Fertilization and developmental competence of bovine oocytes derived from different categories of antral follicles [J]. Mol Reprod Dev,1992, 31:63-67.
Pawshe CH, Rao KBCA, Totey SM. Effect of insulin like growth factor 1 and its interaction with gonadotropins on in vitro maturation and embryonic development, cell proliferation and bio-synthetic activity of cumulus-oocyte complexes and granulosa cell in buffalo [J]. Mol Reprod Dev,1998,49:277-285.
Pawshe CH, Totey SM, Jain SK. A comparison of three methods of recovery of goat oocytes for in vitro maturation and fertilization [J]. Theriogenology,1994,42:117-125.
Peura TT, Lewis, IM, Trounson AO. The effect of recipient oocyte volume on nuclear transfer in cattle [J]. Mol Reprod Dev,1998,50:185-191.
Pinyopummintr T, Bavister BD. In vitro-matured/in vitro-fertilized bovine oocytes can develop into morulae/blastocysts in chemically defined, protein-free culture media [J]. Biol Reprod,1991, 45:736-742.
Polejaeva IA, Chen SH, Vaught TD, et al. Cloned pigs produced by nuclear transfer from adult somatic cells [J]. Nature,2000,407:86-90.
Popelkova M, Sirotkin AV, Bezakova A, et al. Effect of IGF-Ⅰ, leptin, ghrelin and MAPK-ERK on the nuclear maturation of bovine oocytes [J]. Bull Vet Inst Pulawy,2006,50:179-181.
Prather RS, Barnes FL, Sims MM, et al. Nuclear transplantation in the bovine embryos:assessment of donor nuclei and recipient oocyte [J]. J Biol Reprod,1987,37:859-866.
Prather RS, First NL. Cloning embryos by nuclear transfer [J]. Reprod Fertil,1990,41:125-134.
Prelle K, Stojkovic M, BoxhammerK, et al. Insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) and long R3 IGF-I differently affect development and messenger ribonucleic acid abundance for IGF-binding proteins and type I IGF receptors in in vitro produced bovine embryos [J]. Endocrinology,2001, 142:1309-1316.
Presicce GA, Yang X. Nuclear dynamics of parthenogenesis of bovine oocytes matured in vitro for 20 and 40 hours and activated with combined ethanol and cycloheximide [J]. Mol Reprod Dev, 1994,37:61-68.
Puikkinen MO. Oviductal function is critical for very early human life [J]. Ann Med,1995, 27:307-310.
Ravelich SR, Breier BH, Reddy S, et al. Insulin-like growth factor-I and binding proteins 1,2, and 3 in bovine nuclear transfer pregnancies [J]. Biol Reprod,2004,70:430-438.
Raza H, John A. Green tea polyphenol epigallocatechin-3-gallate differentially modulates oxidative stress in PC12 cell compartments [J]. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol,2005,207:212-220.
Renard JP, Zhou Q, LeBourhis D, et al. Nuclear transfer technologies:between successes and doubts [J]. Theriogenology,2002,57:203-222.
Rho GJ, Wu B, Kawarsky S, et al. Activation regimens to prepare bovine oocytes for intracytoplasmic sperm injection [J]. Mol Reprod Dev,1998,50:485-492.
Ribas R, Oback B, RitchieW, et al. Development of a zona-free method of nuclear transfer in the mouse [J]. Cloning Stem Cells,2005,7:126-138.
Rice-Evans C. Implications of the mechanisms of action of tea polyphenols as antioxidants in vitro for chemoprevention in humans [J]. Proc Soc Exp Biol Med,1999,4:262-266.
Rideout WM, Wakayama T, Wutz A, et al. Generation of mice from wild-type and targeted ES cells by nuclear cloning [J]. Nat Genet,2000,24:108-110.
Rieger D, Loskutoff NM. Changes in the metabolism of glucose, pyruvate, glutamine and glycine during maturation of cattle oocytes in vitro [J]. J Reprod Fertil,1994,100:257-262.
Rieger D, Luciano AM, Modina S, et al. The effects of epidermal growth factor and insulin-like growth factor I on the metabolic activity, nuclear maturation and subsequent development of cattle oocytes in vitro [J]. J Reprod Fertil,1998,112:123-130.
Rieger D, Loskutoff NM, Betteridge KJ. Developmentally related changes in the metabolism of glucose and glutamine by cattle embryos produced and co-culture in vitro [J]. J Reprod Fertil, 1992a,95:585-595.
Rieger D, Loskutoff NM, Betteridge KJ. Developmentally related changes in the uptake and metabolism of glucose, glutamine and pyruvate by cattle embryos produced in vitro [J]. Reprod Fertil Dev,1992b,4:547-557.
Rivera GM, Chandrasekher YA, Evans ACO, et al. A potential role for insulin-like growth factor binding protein-4 proteolysis in the establishment of ovarian follicular dominance in cattle [J]. Biol Reprod,2001,65:102-111.
Rizos D, Lonergan P, Boland MP, et al. Analysis of differential messenger RNA expression between bovine blastocysts produced in different culture systems:Implications for blastocyst quality [J]. Biol Reprod,2002,66:589-595.
Rocha A, Randel RD, Broussard JR, et al. High environmental temperature and humidity decrease oocyte quality in Bos taurus but not in Bos indicus cows [J]. Theriogenology,1998, 49:657-665.
Rodriguez-Gonzalez E, Lopez-Bejar M, Mertens M J, et al. Effect on in vitro embryo development and intracellular glutathione content of the presence of thiol compounds during maturation of prepubertal goat oocytes [J]. Mol Reprod Dev,2003,65:446-453.
Rose TA, Bavister BD. Effect of oocyte maturation medium in vitro development of in vitro fertilized bovine embryos [J]. Mol Reprod Dev,1992,31:72-77.
Rose-Hellekant T, Bavister BD. Substrates provided during in vitro maturation modulate acquisition of bovine developmental competence [J]. Biol Reprod,1995,52:173 (abstr.)
Rose-Hellekant TA, Libersky-Williamson EA, Bavister BD. Energy substrates and amino acids provided during in vitro maturation of bovine oocytes alter acquisition of developmental competence [J]. Zygote,1995,6:285-294.
Rutledge JJ, Monson RL, Northey DL, et al. Seasonality of cattle embryo production in temperate region [J]. Theriogenology,1999,50:330. (abstr.)
Sakagami H, Arakawa H, Maeda M, et al. Production of hydrogen peroxide and methionine sulfoxide by epigallocatechin gallate and antioxidants [J]. Anticancer Re,2001,21:2633-2641.
Sakaguchi M, Dominko T, Yamauchi N, et al. Possible mechanism for acceleration of meiotic progression of bovine follicular oocytes by growth factor in vitro [J]. Reproduction,2002, 123:135-142.
Samake S, Smith LC. Effects of cell-cycle-arrest agents on cleavage and development of mouse embryos [J]. J Exp Zool,1996,274:111-120.
Samake S, Smith LC. Synchronization of cell division in eight-cell bovine embryos produced in vitro:effects of 6-dimethylaminopurine [J]. J Reprod Fertil,1997,110:21-27.
Schini SA, Bavister BD. Two-cell block to development of cultured hamster embryos is caused by phosphate and glucose [J]. Biol Reprod,1988,39:1183-1192.
Schnieke AE, Kind AJ, Ritchie WA, et al. Human factor IX transgenic sheep produced by transfer of nuclei from transfected fetal fibroblasts [J]. Science,1997,278:2130-2133.
Schroeder P, Klotz LO, Sies H. Amphiphilic properties of (-) epicatechin and their significance of protection of cells against peroxynitrite [J]. Biochem Biophys Res Commun,2003,307:69-73.
Seshagiri PB, Bavister BD. Glucose inhibits development of hamster 8-cell embryos in vitro [J]. Biol Reprod,1989,40:599-606.
Shamsuddin M, Larsson B, Gustafsson et al. A serum-free, cell-free culture system for development of bovine one-cell embryos up to blastocyst stage with improved viability [J]. Theriogenology, 1994,41:1033-1043.
Shen PC, Lee SN, Liu BS, et al. The effect of activation treatments on the development of reconstructed bovine oocytes [J]. Anim Reprod Sci,2007, In Press.
Shiels PG, Kind AJ, Campbell KHS, et al. Analysis of telomere lengths in cloned sheep [J]. Nature, 1999,399:316-317.
Shiga K, Fujita T, Hirose K, et al. Production of calves by nuclei from cultured somatic cells obtained from Japanese black bulls [J].Theriogenology,1999,52:527-535.
Shirazi A, Shams-Esfandabadi N, Hosseini SM. A comparison of two recovery methods of ovine oocytes for in vitro maturation [J]. Small Ruminant Res,2005,58:283-286.
Shores EM, Picton HM, Hunter MG, et al. Differential regulation of pig theca cell steroidogenesis by LH, insulin-like growth factor Ⅰ and granulosa cells in serum-free culture [J]. J Reprod Fertil, 2000,118:211-219.
Silva JM, Price CA. Effect of follicle-stimulating hormone on steroid secretion and messenger ribonucleic acids encoding cytochromes P450 aromatase and cholesterol side-chain cleavage in bovine granulose cells in vitro [J]. Biol Reprod,2000,62:186-191.
Skrzyzonska M, Shioya Y, Nagai T, et al. Development of cloned bovine embryos from nuclei of cumulus and muscle cell origin [J]. Theriogenology,2000,53:244. (abstr.)
Smith SD, Soloy E, Kanka J, et al. Influence of recipient cytoplasm cell stage on transcription in bovine nucleus transfer embryos [J]. Mol Reprod Dev,1996,45:444-450.
Spanos S, Becker DL, Winston RML, et al. Anti-apoptotic action of insulin-like growth factor-I during human preimplantation embryo development [J]. Biol Reprod,2000,63:1413-1420.
Steeves TE, Gardner DK. Temporal and differential effects of amino acids on bovine embryo development in culture [J]. Biol Reprod,1999,61:731-740.
Steinbach OC, Wolffe AP, Rupp R. Somatic linker histones causes loss of mesodermal competence in Xenopus [J]. Nature,1997,389:395-399.
Steinborn R, Schinogl P, Zakhartchenko V, et al. Mitochondrial DNA heteroplasmy in cloned cattle produced by fetal and adult cell cloning [J]. Nat Genet,2000,25:255-257.
Steinborn R, Schinogl P, Wells DN, et al. Coexistence of Bo staurus and B indicus mitochondrial DNAs in nuclear transfer-derived somatic cattle clones [J]. Genetics,2002,162:823-829.
Stice SL, Gibbons J, Rzucidlo JR, et al. Improvements in nuclear transfer procedures will increase commercial utilization of animal cloning [J]. Asian Aust J Anim Sci,2000,13:856-860.
Stringfellow DA, Givens MD. Epidemiologic concerns relative to in vivo and in vitro production of livestock embryos [J]. Anim Reprod Sci,2000,60:629-642.
Susko-Parrish JL, Rutledge-Leibfried ML. Inhibition of protein kinases after an induced calcium transient causes transition of bovine oocyte to embryonic cycles without meiotic completion [J]. Dev Biol,1994,166:729-739.
Sutovsky P, Moreno RD, Ramalho-Santos J, et al. Ubiquitin tag for sperm mitochondria [J]. Nature, 1999,402:371-372.
Sutton-McDowall ML, Gilchrist RB, Thompson JG. Effect of hexoses and gonadotrophin supplementation on bovine oocyte nuclear maturation during in vitro maturation in a synthetic follicle fluid medium [J]. Reprod Fertil Dev,2005,17:407-415.
Szollosi D, Czolowska R, Szollosi MS, et al. Remodelling of mouse thymocyte nuclei depends on the time of their transfer into activated, homologous oocytes [J]. J cell Sci,1988,91:603-613.
Takahashi M, First NL. In vitro development of bovine one-cell embryos-influence of glucose, lactate, pyruvate, amino acids and vitamins [J]. Theriogenology,1992,37:963-978.
Takahashi S, Ito Y. Evaluation of meat products from cloned cattle:biological and biochemical properties [J]. Cloning Stem Cells,2004,6:165-171.
Takeda K, Akagi S, Kaneyama K, et al. Proliferation of donor mitochondrial DNA in nuclear
Takahashi M, First NL. In vitro development of bovine one-cell embryos-influence of glucose, lactate, pyruvate, amino acids and vitamins [J]. Theriogenology,1992,37:963-978.
Takahashi S, Ito Y. Evaluation of meat products from cloned cattle:biological and biochemical properties [J]. Cloning Stem Cells,2004,6:165-171.
Takeda K, Akagi S, Kaneyama K, et al. Proliferation of donor mitochondrial DNA in nuclear transfer calves (Bos taurus) derived from cumulus cells [J]. Mol Reprod Dev,2003,64: 429-437.
Takeda K, Takahashi S, Onishi A, et al. Dominant distribution of mitochondrial DNA from recipient oocytes in bovine embryos and offspring after nuclear transfer [J]. J Reprod Fertil, 1999,116:253-259.
Tamashiro KL, Wakayama T, Blanchard RJ, et al. Postnatal growth and behavioral development of mice cloned from adult cumulus cells [J]. Biol Reprod,2000,63:328-334.
Tan SJ, Lu KH. Effects of different oestrous cycle stages of ovaries and sizes of follicles on generation of IVF early embryos [J]. Theriogenology,1990,33:335. (abstr.)
Tani T, Kato T, Tsunoda Y. Direct exposure of chromosomes to nonactivated cytoplasm is effective for bovine somatic nucleus reprogramming [J]. Biol Reprod,2001,64:324-333.
Tecirlioglu RT, French AJ, Lewis IM, et al. Birth of a cloned calf derived from a vitrified handmade cloned embryo [J]. Reprod Fertil Dev,2004,15:361-366.
Tervit HR, Whittingham DG, Rowson LE. Successful culture in vitro of sheep and cattle ova [J]. J Reprod Fertil,1972,30:493-497.
Thibault C, Szollosi D, Gerard M. Mammalian oocyte maturation [J]. Reprod Nutr Dev,1987,27: 865-896.
Thibodeaux JK, Myers MW, Hansel W. The beneficial effects of incubating bovine embryos in groups are due to platelet-derived growth factor [J]. Theriogenology,1995,43:336. (abstr.)
Thompson JG, Bell ACS, Pugh PA, et al. Metabolism of pyruvate by pre-elongation sheep embryos and effect of pyruvate and lactate concentration during culture in vitro [J]. Reprod Fertil Dev, 1993,5:417-423.
Thompson JG, Gardner DK, Pugh PA, et al. Lamb birth weight is affected by culture system utilized during in vitro pre-elongation development of ovine embryos [J]. Biol Reprod,1995, 53:1385-1391.
Tian XC, Kubota C, et al. Meat and milk compositions of bovine clones [J]. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA,2005,102:6261-6266.
Tian XC, Xu J, Yang X. Normal telomere lengths found in cloned cattle [J]. Nat Genet,2000, 26:272-273.
Tiffin GJ, Rieger D, Betteridge KJ, et al. Glucose and glutamine metabolism in pre-attachment cattle embryos in relation to sex and stage of development [J]. J Reprod Fertil,1991,93:125-132.
Tilghman SM. The sins of the fathers and mothers:genomic imprinting in mammalian development [J]. Cell,1999,96:185-193.
Tome D, Dubarry M, Fromentin G. Nutritional value of milk and meat products derived from cloning [J]. Cloning Stem Cells,2004,6:172-177.
Tsunoda Y, Kato Y. Not only inner cell mass nuclei but also trophectoderm nuclei of mouse
blastocysts have a developmental totipotency [J]. Reprod Fertil,1998,113:181-184.
Umaoka Y, Noda Y, Narimoto K, et al. Effects of oxygen toxicity on early development of mouse embryos [J]. Mol Reprod Dev,1992,31:28-33.
Urakawa M, Ideta A, Sawada T, et al. Examination of modified cell synchronization method and bovine nuclear transfer using synchronized early G1 phase fibroblast cells [J]. Theriogenology, 2004,62:714-728.
Vajta G, Bartels P, Joubert J, et al. Production of a healthy calf by somatic cell nuclear transfer without micromanipulators and carbon dioxide incubators using the handmade cloning (HMC) and the submarine incubation system (SIS) [J]. Theriogenology,2004,62:1465-1472.
Van Wagtendonk-de Leeuw AM, Mullaart E, de Roos AP, et al. Effects of different reproduction techniques:AI MOET or IVP, on health and welfare of bovine offspring [J]. Theriogenology, 2000,53:575-597.
Vignon X, Chesn P, Le Bourhis D. Development potential of bovine embryos reconstructed with somatic nuclei from cultured skin and muscle fetal cells [J]. Theriogenology,1998,49:392. (abstr.)
Vinson JA, Dabbagh Y, Serry M, et al. Plant flavonoids, especially tea flavonols, are powerful antioxidants using an in vitro oxidation model for heart disease [J]. J Agric Food Chem,1995, 43:2800-2802.
Vitullo AD, Ozil JP. Repetitive calcium stimuli drive meiotic resumption and pronuclear development during mouse oocyte activation [J]. Dev Biol,1992,151:128-136.
Viuff D, Greve T, Avery B, et al. Chromosome aberrations in in vitro-produced bovine embryos at days 2-5 post-insemination [J]. Biol Reprod,2000,63:1143-1148.
Wakayama T, Perry AC, Zuccotti M, et al. Full-term development of mice from enucleated oocytes injected with cumulus cell nuclei [J]. Nature,1998,394:369-374.
Wakayama T, Shinkai Y, Tamashiro KL, et al. Cloning of mice to six generations [J]. Nature,2000, 407:318-319.
Wakayama T, Yanagimachi R. Cloning of male mice from adult tail-tip cells [J]. Nat Genet,1999. 22:127-128.
Waltner-Law ME, Wang XL, Law BK, et al. Epigallocatechin gallate, a constituent of green tea, represses hepatic glucose production [J]. J Biol Chem,2002,277:34933-34940.
Wang MK, Liu JL, Li GP, et al. Sucrose pretreatment for enucleation:an efficient and non-damage method for removing the spindle of the mouse M Ⅱ oocyte [J]. Mol Reprod Dev,2001, 58:432-436.
Wang W, Niwa K. Synergetic effects of EGF factor and gonadotropins on the cytoplasmic maturation of pig oocytes in a serum-free medium [J]. Zygote,1995,3:345-350.
Wani NA, Wani GM, Khan MZ, et al. Effect of different factors on the recovery rate of oocytes for in vitro maturation and in vitro fertilisation procedures in sheep [J]. Small Ruminant Res,1999, 34:71-76.
Ward F, Enright B, Rizos D, et al. Optimization of in vitro bovine embryo production:Effect of duration of maturation, length of gamete co-incubation, sperm concentration and sire [J]. Theriogenology,2002,57:2105-2117.
Watson AJ, Desousa P, Caveney A, et al. Impact of bovine oocyte maturation media on oocyte transcript levels, blastocyst development, cell number and apoptosis [J]. Hum Reprod,1999, 14:2575-2580.
Watson AJ, Hogan A, Hahnel A, et al. Expression of growth factor ligand and receptor genes in the preimplantation bovine embryo [J]. Mol Reprod Dev,1992,31:87-95.
Watson AJ, Watson PH, Warnes D, et al. Preimplantation development of in vitro-matured and in vitro fertilized ovine zygotes:comparison between coculture on oviduct epithelial cell monolayers and culture under low oxygen atmosphere [J]. Biol Reprod,1994,50:715-724.
Wells DN, Misica PM, Tervit HR. Production of cloned calves following nuclear transfer with cultured adult mural granulose cells [J]. Biol Reprod,1999,60:996-1005.
Willadsen SM. Nuclear transplantation in sheep embryos [J]. Nature,1986,320:63-65.
Williams RJ, Spencer JPE, Rice-Evans C. Flavonoids:antioxidants or signaling molecules [J]. Free Radical Biol Med,2004,36:838-849.
Wilmut I, Schnieke AE, McWhir J, et al. Viable offspring derived from fetal and adult mammalian cells [J]. Nature,1997,385:810-813.
Wilmut I, Beaujean N, de Sousa PA, et al. Somatic cell nuclear transfer [J]. Nature,2002,419: 583-585.
Wilmut I. Are there any normal cloned mammals? [J]. Nature Med,2002,8:215-216.
Winger QA, De La Fuente R, King WA, et al. Bovine parthenogenesis is characterized by abnormal chromosomal complements:Implications for maternal and paternal codependence during early bovine development [J]. Dev Genet,1997,21:160-166.
Woldesenbet S, Newton GR. Comparison of proteins synthesized by polarized caprine oviductal epithelial cells and oviductal explants in vitro [J]. Theriogenology,2003,60:533-543.
Woods GL, White KL, Vanderwall DK, et al. A mule cloned from fetal cells by nuclear transfer [J]. Science,2003,301:1063.
Wrenzycki C, Herrmann D, Carnwath JW, et al. Alterations in the relative abundance of gene transcripts in preimplantation bovine embryos cultured in medium supplemented with either serum or PVA [J]. Mol Reprod Dev,1999,53:8-18.
Wrenzycki C, Well D, Herrmann D, et al. Nuclear transfer protocol affects messenger RNA expression patterns in cloned bovine blastocysts [J]. Biol Reprod,2001,65:309-317.
Xia P, Tekpetey FR, Armstrong DT. Effect of IGF-I on the pig oocyte maturation, fertilization, and early embryonic development in vitro, and on granulose and cumulus cell biosynthetic activity [J]. Mol Reprod Dev,1994,38:373-379.
Xu J, Yang X. Telomerase activity in early bovine embryos derived from parthenogenetic activation and nuclear transfer [J]. Biol Reprod,2001,64:770-774.
Xue F, Tian XC, Du F, et al. Aberrant patterns of X chromosome inactivation in bovine clones [J]. Nat Genet,2002,31:216-220.
Yang GY, Liao J, Li C, et al. Effect of black and green tea polyphenols on c-jun phosphorylation and H2O2 production in transformed and non-transformed human bronchial cell lines:possible mechanisms of cell growth inhibition and apoptosis induction [J]. Carcinogenesis,2000,21: 2035-2039.
Yang X, Presicce GA, Moraghan L, et al. Synergistic effect of ethanol and cycloheximide on
Yi YJ, Park CS. Parthenogenetic development of porcine oocytes treated by ethanol, cycloheximide, cytochalasin B and 6-dimethylaminopurine [J]. Anim Reprod Sci,2005,86:297-304.
Yoshida Y, Miyamura M, Hamano S, et al. Expression of growth factor ligand and their receptor mRNAs in bovine ova during in vitro maturation and after fertilization in vitro [J]. J Vet Med Sci,1998,60:549-554.
Young LE, Fernandes K, McEvoy TG, et al. Epigenetic change in IGF2R is associated with fetal overgrowth after sheep embryo culture [J]. Nat Genet,2001,27:153-154.
Zhang Defu, Wang Ying, Chen Yin, et al. Development in vitro in reconstitution of embryo from porcine somatic cell nuclear transfer [J]. Dev Reprod Biol,2002,11:14-18.
Zhang Yong, Guo Jitong, Li Xuefeng, et al. Cloning in cattle and goats from somatic cells[A].Proceedings of Sino-US Symposium on Agricultural Biotechnology, Yangling, China, 1999,99-101.
Zhou Q, Boulanger L, Renard JP. A simplified method for the reconstruction of fully competent mouse zygotes from adult somatic donor nuclei [J]. Cloning,2000,2:35-44.
Zhou Q, Jouneau A, Brochard V, et al. Developmental potential of mouse embryos reconstructed from metaphase embryonic stem cell nuclei [J]. Biol Reprod,2001,65:412-419.
Zhou Q, Renard JP, Le Friec G, et al. Generation of fertile cloned rats by regulating oocyte activation [J]. Science,2003,302:1179.
多曙光,吴应积,罗奋华等.牛乳腺上皮细胞的分离培养及其生物学特性[J].动物学研究,2006.27：299-305.
高庆华,周虚,王春清等.促卵泡激素和胰岛素对牛卵泡颗粒细胞长期培养的影响[J].中国兽医学报,2006,26：442-447.
高庆华,周虚,王春清等.牛卵泡颗粒细胞无血清培养的形态学观察[J].中国兽医学报,2005,25：659-660.
郭继彤,安志兴,李煜等.成年耳细胞克隆山羊(Capra hircus) [J].中国科学C辑,2002,32：77-83.
李裕强,张涌,张琇.动物克隆中受体卵母细胞的体外成熟[J].西北大学学报,2001,31：122-126.
李裕强,张涌.山羊皮肤组织细胞分离与培养的研究[J].农业生物技术学报,2000,8：133-137.
刘亚,章孝荣,张运海等.牛、羊成纤维细胞的冷冻与冷藏保存[J].中国兽医学报,2004,24：197-198.
石德顺,卢克焕.卵泡液对牛卵母细胞体外成熟的影响[J].广西农业大学学报,1994,13：1-5.
王立虎,黄俊成,杨梅.绵羊体细胞核移植实验研究[J].草食家畜,2001,2：17-19.
肖正中,赖松家,邬苏晓.PVP和17p-E2对牛卵泡卵细胞体外成熟和体外受精的影响[J].黄牛杂志,2004,30：21-23.
徐小明,窦忠英,华进联等.牛胎儿成纤维细胞的分离与体外培养[J].中国畜牧杂志,2004,40：18-21.
薛庆善.体外培养的原理与技术[M].北京：科学出版社,2001：159-161.
杨春荣,窦忠英.影响哺乳动物细胞核移植效率的因素[J].黄牛杂志,2002,26：43-46.
叶荣,陈学进,杨利国等.牛纤维细胞的分离与体外培养[J].细胞生物学志,2005,27：93-97.
赵红卫,陈学进,李青旺.HA对牛卵母细胞体外成熟和早期胚胎体外发育影响的研究[J].西北 40：18-21.
薛庆善.体外培养的原理与技术[M].北京：科学出版社,2001：159-161.
杨春荣,窦忠英.影响哺乳动物细胞核移植效率的因素[J].黄牛杂志,2002,26：43-46.
叶荣,陈学进,杨利国等.牛纤维细胞的分离与体外培养[J].细胞生物学志,2005,27：93-97.
赵红卫,陈学进,李青旺.HA对牛卵母细胞体外成熟和早期胚胎体外发育影响的研究[J].西北农林科技大学学报(自然科学版),2004,32：9-12.
周颂成.成熟培养基中添加卵泡液对牛体外受精卵发育的影响[J].畜牧兽医学报,1993,24：512-517.
朱淑文,华修国,艾晓杰等.牛不同直径卵泡内卵母细胞体外受精后的卵裂率和染色体异常分析[J].中国兽医学报,2002,22：330-331.
邹贤刚,谭景和,杨增明等.哺乳动物克隆及其应用前景[J].生物工程进展,2000,20：5-10.