某县农村家庭对胎儿性别偏好及孕妇焦虑抑郁情绪的研究
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摘要
目的了解某县孕妇及其家庭成员对胎儿性别偏好的现状,了解妇女孕中晚期发生焦虑、抑郁情绪的水平,探讨孕妇发生焦虑、抑郁发生的相关因素。
方法运用追踪调查的方法采用自行设计的调查问卷分别在孕中期和分娩前对孕妇进行问卷调查,采用焦虑状态-特质问卷(STAI)和流调中心用抑郁自评量表(CES-D)评价研究对象的焦虑、抑郁情绪水平。
结果孕中期：孕妇对胎儿性别有偏好占45.2%,其中偏好女孩占32.2%,偏好男孩占13.0%；无偏好占54.8%。分娩前对胎儿性别有偏好占58.9%,其中偏好女孩占47.3%,偏好男孩占11.6%；无偏好占41.1%。两次调查孕妇对胎儿的性别偏好有差异(P＜0.05)。孕妇状态焦虑平均得分在孕中期和分娩前分别为37.86±8.89、41.21±4.92,特质焦虑为41.34±7.53、42.47±5.71,两次调查孕妇的状态焦虑和特质焦虑得分均有差异(t=-11.119,P<0.001；t=-4.801,P<0.001)。孕中期和分娩前孕妇出现抑郁情绪的比例分别为34.5%和19.3%。偏好女孩、偏好男孩和无所谓各组之间状态焦虑、特质焦虑、抑郁得分之间没有差别(P＞0.05)。孕中期和分娩前孕妇出现抑郁情绪的比例分别为42.5%和22.6%。孕中期怀孕三次及以上的状态焦虑、特质焦虑、抑郁总分明显高于其余两组,分别为45.25±9.41、47.56±7.54、22.12±10.79。孕中期状态焦虑得分、特质焦虑得分、孕妇对怀孕担心的得分与抑郁得分呈正相关(rs=0.643、rs=0.659、rs=0.299,P<0.001)分娩前状态焦虑得分、孕妇对怀孕担心的得分与抑郁得分呈正相关(rs=0.255、P=0.002；rs=0.265,P=0.001)。夫妻关系得分与抑郁得分呈负相关(孕中期：rs=-0.264,P=0.000；分娩前：rs=-0.340,P=0.001)。婆媳关系得分与抑郁得分呈负相关(孕中期：rs=-0.291,P=0.000；分娩前：rs=-0.253,P=0.002)。
结论云南省某县孕妇及家庭成员对第一胎胎儿性别存在偏好,但他们对胎儿的性别偏好较传统观念的男孩偏好有所不同。孕妇孕中期出现抑郁情绪比例较高。抑郁得分与焦虑得分,对怀孕担心得分、夫妻关系得分、婆媳关系得分有关,有性别偏好不是孕期发生焦虑、抑郁情绪的危险因子。
Objectives To understand gender preference of the pregnant women and their family members and the extent of the pregnancy women getting anxiety and depression during the second trimester and before delivery, and to explore the correlates of anxiety and depression.
Methods In the second trimester and before delivery, following up method was used to investigate the pregnant women by face-to-face interviews with self-designed questionnaire, State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) and Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression (CES-D).
Results In the second trimester:the pregnant women with gender preference accounted for 45.2%, among which,32.2% prefer to girls,13.0% prefer to boys. However, the others without gender preference accounted for 54.8%. Before delivery, the pregnant women with gender preference accounted for 58.9%, among which 47.3% of them prefer to girls,11.6% of them prefer to boys. There was significant different between the two stages. The average scores of State Anxiety in the second trimester and before delivery were 37.86±8.89,41.21±4.92, respectively, those of Trait Anxiety were 41.33±7.53,42.47±5.71, respectively. There was sig difference between the tow stages in state anxiety and trait anxiety (t= 11.119, P＜0.001; t=-4.801, P＜0.001). The rates of depression in the second trimester and before delivery were 42.5% and 22.6%.respectively. The scores of S-AI, T-AI, depression in second trimester of pregnancy and the third and more pregnancies were significantly higher than those in the first arid second pregnancies. Second trimester S-AI scores, T-AI scores, scores of pregnant women worried about problems regarding pregnancy were positively correlated with depression scores. S-AI scores before delivery, pregnant women worried about pregnancy rates was positively correlated with depression scores (rs= 0.255, P= 0.002; rs= 0.265, P= 0.001). Marital relationship scores were negatively correlated with depression scores (the second trimester:rs=-0.264, P= 0.000; before delivery:rs=-0.340, P= 0.001). Relationship between Mother scores were negatively correlated with depression scores (the second trimester:rs=-0.291, P= 0.000; before delivery:rs=-0.253, P= 0.002). Conclusion The women and their family members have gender preferences, but their concepts are different from the traditional concept of preferring boy. The rate of depression in the second trimester is high. Depression scores and anxiety scores, scores on the fear of pregnancy, couples score, the score-law relations. Gender preference does not contribute to anxiety and depression during pregnancy.
方法运用追踪调查的方法采用自行设计的调查问卷分别在孕中期和分娩前对孕妇进行问卷调查,采用焦虑状态-特质问卷(STAI)和流调中心用抑郁自评量表(CES-D)评价研究对象的焦虑、抑郁情绪水平。
结果孕中期：孕妇对胎儿性别有偏好占45.2%,其中偏好女孩占32.2%,偏好男孩占13.0%；无偏好占54.8%。分娩前对胎儿性别有偏好占58.9%,其中偏好女孩占47.3%,偏好男孩占11.6%；无偏好占41.1%。两次调查孕妇对胎儿的性别偏好有差异(P＜0.05)。孕妇状态焦虑平均得分在孕中期和分娩前分别为37.86±8.89、41.21±4.92,特质焦虑为41.34±7.53、42.47±5.71,两次调查孕妇的状态焦虑和特质焦虑得分均有差异(t=-11.119,P<0.001；t=-4.801,P<0.001)。孕中期和分娩前孕妇出现抑郁情绪的比例分别为34.5%和19.3%。偏好女孩、偏好男孩和无所谓各组之间状态焦虑、特质焦虑、抑郁得分之间没有差别(P＞0.05)。孕中期和分娩前孕妇出现抑郁情绪的比例分别为42.5%和22.6%。孕中期怀孕三次及以上的状态焦虑、特质焦虑、抑郁总分明显高于其余两组,分别为45.25±9.41、47.56±7.54、22.12±10.79。孕中期状态焦虑得分、特质焦虑得分、孕妇对怀孕担心的得分与抑郁得分呈正相关(rs=0.643、rs=0.659、rs=0.299,P<0.001)分娩前状态焦虑得分、孕妇对怀孕担心的得分与抑郁得分呈正相关(rs=0.255、P=0.002；rs=0.265,P=0.001)。夫妻关系得分与抑郁得分呈负相关(孕中期：rs=-0.264,P=0.000；分娩前：rs=-0.340,P=0.001)。婆媳关系得分与抑郁得分呈负相关(孕中期：rs=-0.291,P=0.000；分娩前：rs=-0.253,P=0.002)。
结论云南省某县孕妇及家庭成员对第一胎胎儿性别存在偏好,但他们对胎儿的性别偏好较传统观念的男孩偏好有所不同。孕妇孕中期出现抑郁情绪比例较高。抑郁得分与焦虑得分,对怀孕担心得分、夫妻关系得分、婆媳关系得分有关,有性别偏好不是孕期发生焦虑、抑郁情绪的危险因子。
Objectives To understand gender preference of the pregnant women and their family members and the extent of the pregnancy women getting anxiety and depression during the second trimester and before delivery, and to explore the correlates of anxiety and depression.
Methods In the second trimester and before delivery, following up method was used to investigate the pregnant women by face-to-face interviews with self-designed questionnaire, State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) and Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression (CES-D).
Results In the second trimester:the pregnant women with gender preference accounted for 45.2%, among which,32.2% prefer to girls,13.0% prefer to boys. However, the others without gender preference accounted for 54.8%. Before delivery, the pregnant women with gender preference accounted for 58.9%, among which 47.3% of them prefer to girls,11.6% of them prefer to boys. There was significant different between the two stages. The average scores of State Anxiety in the second trimester and before delivery were 37.86±8.89,41.21±4.92, respectively, those of Trait Anxiety were 41.33±7.53,42.47±5.71, respectively. There was sig difference between the tow stages in state anxiety and trait anxiety (t= 11.119, P＜0.001; t=-4.801, P＜0.001). The rates of depression in the second trimester and before delivery were 42.5% and 22.6%.respectively. The scores of S-AI, T-AI, depression in second trimester of pregnancy and the third and more pregnancies were significantly higher than those in the first arid second pregnancies. Second trimester S-AI scores, T-AI scores, scores of pregnant women worried about problems regarding pregnancy were positively correlated with depression scores. S-AI scores before delivery, pregnant women worried about pregnancy rates was positively correlated with depression scores (rs= 0.255, P= 0.002; rs= 0.265, P= 0.001). Marital relationship scores were negatively correlated with depression scores (the second trimester:rs=-0.264, P= 0.000; before delivery:rs=-0.340, P= 0.001). Relationship between Mother scores were negatively correlated with depression scores (the second trimester:rs=-0.291, P= 0.000; before delivery:rs=-0.253, P= 0.002). Conclusion The women and their family members have gender preferences, but their concepts are different from the traditional concept of preferring boy. The rate of depression in the second trimester is high. Depression scores and anxiety scores, scores on the fear of pregnancy, couples score, the score-law relations. Gender preference does not contribute to anxiety and depression during pregnancy.
引文
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