面向智能化小区停车场的物联网网关设计与实现
摘要
随着人民生活水平的提高,汽车逐渐走进千家万户。近年来,我国私家车保有量不断攀升,随之车辆停放问题逐渐成为突出的社会问题。随着微计算机技术的发展,传统的停车场管理系统已不能满足实际应用需求。现有的停车场管理系统存在的问题主要有：无法对车辆进行定位、没有实时监控功能等。针对以上停车场中存在的问题,考虑到私家车大部分时间停的地点比较固定,通常停在自家小区停车场中,设计了面向智能化小区的停车场管理系统。
论文着重讨论了智能化小区停车场网关部分的设计与实现。本网关的协调器模块主要接收从ZigBee网络发来车辆信息。协调器模块使用CC2530芯片,接收数据后以串口的形式传送给网关的主控制器模块,主控制模块会记录每辆车的信息和收到此信息时的时间戳。当主控制器模块收到车门被非法打开的信息时,通过TC35短信模块发送短信报警和蜂鸣器模块报警,只有当输入正确的密码后,蜂鸣器才会停止报警。正常情况下主控器模块也会把每辆车的信息发送给服务器,方便了管理人员对车辆的监控。如果ZigBee网络出现异常情况,主控制器模块长时间没收到该车的信息时会产生该车的告警并通过以太网发送给服务器端,这样可以及时通知管理人员对ZigBee网络进行检查。
在主控制器模块,选用S3C2440A芯片为硬件开发平台。根据该芯片外围电路对u-boot和Linux内核进行了移植,还涉及到了内核驱动程序的开发。根据系统的功能需要对内核进行了相应的裁剪,减小了内核的体积,加快了内核的启动速度。在应用层的软件设计中采用模块化设计实现了所需要的全部功能,并添加了看门狗程序,提高了系统的可靠性。最后,对整个系统进行了模拟测试,结果表明所设计的网关能够有效地解决车辆管理和实时报警等问题。
With the improvement of living standards, automobile is entering thousands of households. In recent years, the increasing of private car park in China leads to serious social problem of parking, and traditional parking management system cannot meet the needs of modern computer technology. For the present parking management system, it is difficult to look for parking spaces, unable to realize real-time location and no real-time monitoring functions exist. In order to avoid these parking problems, a new intelligent parking management system is designed in considering that the parking area of private automobile is often fixed, such as car park in residential quarter.
This paper mainly discusses the design and implementation of the gateway part of the intelligent parking area. Based on ZigBee communication protocol, which use CC2530chip for receiving information, coordinator node is transmitted to main controller module of gateway in the form of serial ports, and main controller module records every car's information and time stamp. When the main controller module receives the information of the door unlocked illegally, the alarm will send through TC35SMS module and a buzzer module. Only when correct passwords are input, will the alarm stop. Under normal circumstances, main controller module will send every car's information to the server, which is convenient for the management control of the vehicle. In abnormal conditions of ZigBee network, main controller module doesn't receive car's information for a long time, alarm will generate and be sent to server through the Ethernet network. Thus, management staffs will be informed in time and check ZigBee network problem.
In the main controller module, choose S3C2440A chip as development platform. According to the on-chip peripheral circuits, here, u-boot and Linux kernel are transplanted, and the kernel driver procedure is modified. According to the function of the system, the kernel is cropped correspondingly, leading to the decrease of kernel volume, increase of kernel start speed, and realization of all required functions in application layer.The software design of application layer adopts modular design which achieves all the necessary functions and adds a watchdog program to improve the reliability of the system.Finally, simulation test of the whole system is completed, and the result shows that the designed system can effectively resolve the problems of automobile management and real-time monitoring.
论文着重讨论了智能化小区停车场网关部分的设计与实现。本网关的协调器模块主要接收从ZigBee网络发来车辆信息。协调器模块使用CC2530芯片,接收数据后以串口的形式传送给网关的主控制器模块,主控制模块会记录每辆车的信息和收到此信息时的时间戳。当主控制器模块收到车门被非法打开的信息时,通过TC35短信模块发送短信报警和蜂鸣器模块报警,只有当输入正确的密码后,蜂鸣器才会停止报警。正常情况下主控器模块也会把每辆车的信息发送给服务器,方便了管理人员对车辆的监控。如果ZigBee网络出现异常情况,主控制器模块长时间没收到该车的信息时会产生该车的告警并通过以太网发送给服务器端,这样可以及时通知管理人员对ZigBee网络进行检查。
在主控制器模块,选用S3C2440A芯片为硬件开发平台。根据该芯片外围电路对u-boot和Linux内核进行了移植,还涉及到了内核驱动程序的开发。根据系统的功能需要对内核进行了相应的裁剪,减小了内核的体积,加快了内核的启动速度。在应用层的软件设计中采用模块化设计实现了所需要的全部功能,并添加了看门狗程序,提高了系统的可靠性。最后,对整个系统进行了模拟测试,结果表明所设计的网关能够有效地解决车辆管理和实时报警等问题。
With the improvement of living standards, automobile is entering thousands of households. In recent years, the increasing of private car park in China leads to serious social problem of parking, and traditional parking management system cannot meet the needs of modern computer technology. For the present parking management system, it is difficult to look for parking spaces, unable to realize real-time location and no real-time monitoring functions exist. In order to avoid these parking problems, a new intelligent parking management system is designed in considering that the parking area of private automobile is often fixed, such as car park in residential quarter.
This paper mainly discusses the design and implementation of the gateway part of the intelligent parking area. Based on ZigBee communication protocol, which use CC2530chip for receiving information, coordinator node is transmitted to main controller module of gateway in the form of serial ports, and main controller module records every car's information and time stamp. When the main controller module receives the information of the door unlocked illegally, the alarm will send through TC35SMS module and a buzzer module. Only when correct passwords are input, will the alarm stop. Under normal circumstances, main controller module will send every car's information to the server, which is convenient for the management control of the vehicle. In abnormal conditions of ZigBee network, main controller module doesn't receive car's information for a long time, alarm will generate and be sent to server through the Ethernet network. Thus, management staffs will be informed in time and check ZigBee network problem.
In the main controller module, choose S3C2440A chip as development platform. According to the on-chip peripheral circuits, here, u-boot and Linux kernel are transplanted, and the kernel driver procedure is modified. According to the function of the system, the kernel is cropped correspondingly, leading to the decrease of kernel volume, increase of kernel start speed, and realization of all required functions in application layer.The software design of application layer adopts modular design which achieves all the necessary functions and adds a watchdog program to improve the reliability of the system.Finally, simulation test of the whole system is completed, and the result shows that the designed system can effectively resolve the problems of automobile management and real-time monitoring.
引文
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[2]周嗣恩,韩凤春.智能化停车场管理系统体系研究[J].中国人民公安大学学报.2008(1)：86-90.
[3]王明利.基于嵌入式Linux的汽车远程实时监控系统[D].华北电力大学硕士论文,2011：1-3.
[4]佟丽飞,李龙华.通用网关协议数据转换软件开发[J].自动化技术与应用.2012(1)：16～18.
[5]钟书华.物联网演义[J].物联网技术.2012(6)：87-88.
[6]孟勇涛.基于嵌入式系统的物联网网关研究与实现[D].北京邮电大学硕士论文,2012：10-15.
[7]Zin-Won Park,Myung-Kyun Kim. Design of an Integrated Fieldbus Gateway Science and Technology[J],2005:843-846.
[8]吴霜.基于3G的家庭智能网关软件设计[D].南京邮电大学硕士论文,2011：1-10.
[9]雷振飞.无线传感器网络网关接入技术研究与实现[D].北京交通大学硕士论文,2012：1-10.
[10]郭基伟.基于多异构协议的嵌入式网关设计与实现[D].大连理工大学硕士论文,2011.11：1-10.
[11]ZigBee Alliance. ZIGBEE SPECIFICATION[M].2006:3-15.
[12]A True System-on-Chip Solution for 2.4-GHZ IEEE 802.15.4 and ZigBee Applications.2011:1-3.
[13]Yilmaz, Ahmet Oguz. An approach on short message service text transfer for turkish GSM operators. Telecommunications,2009. AICT'09. Fifth Advanced International Conference on,2009(5):107-110.
[14]ETSI GSM 07.05.Digital celluar telecommunications system(Phase 2+).Use of Data Terminal Equipment-Data Circuit terminating. Equipment(DTE-DCE)interface for Short Message Service(SMS)and Cell Broadcast Service(CBS)(GSM 07.05 version 5.5.0),January,1998:10-11.
[15]李红霞.基于GSM短信对自动售货机的远程监控[D].中南大学硕士论文,2011：15-17.
[16]刘秋艳.基于TC35模块的无线LED显示屏的设计[D].天津工业大学硕士论文,2006：7-12.
[17]Zhenglin Liu;Qidi Zhao;Dongfang Li;Xuecheng Zou. Memory monitor module for embedded systems [J]. Computers & Electrical Engineering.2012(6):1768-1776.
[18]俞萍.浅谈嵌入式系统[J].光盘技术.2009：22-28.
[19]欧杰峰,刘兴华.基于CDMA模块的无线传感器网络网关的实现[J].计算机工程.2007(1)：115-116.
[20]S3C2440A32-BIT CMOS MICROCONTROLLER USER'S MANUAL SAMSUNG [M].2004:3-50.
[21]Linux Kernel Makefiel[DB/OL]. http://code.google.com/p/androidteam/wiki/Linux MakefileAnalysis.
[22]吴萌.一种高速、大容量图像存储系统设计[D].中国科学院研究生院,2009：55-58.
[23]王元.嵌入式linux数控系统的底层平台构建[D].上海交通大学硕士学位论文,2012：12-13.
[24]Digitallearning. Free Linux Software[J]. Digital Learning.2012:25-26.
[25]Victor Yodmken, The RT-linux Manifesto, Department of Computer Science, New Mexico Institute of Technology,http://www.rtLinux.roe/,1996.
[26]Jing Zhang;Min Zhang. A Design of Embedded Multimedia Player Based on WINCE[J]. Procedia Engineering 2011(8):252-258.
[27]Zigang Cui. Study on the Implementation Method of Data Review for a Certain Weapon System in VxWorks[J]. Modern Applied Science.2011(2):165-169.
[28]mini2440之U-boot移植详细手册[M].2010:13-121.
[29]杨弘毅.基于ARMLinux的车载远程监控系统客户端的设计与实现[D].北京邮电大学硕士学位论文,2011：29-31.
[30]孙棣华,龚康,廖孝勇.面向S3C2440的u-boot分析与改进[J].控制工程.2012(5)：881-883.
[31]洪永学,余红英.基于S3C2440的U-boot启动分析[J].科技信息.2012(12)：144-145.
[32]Robert Love著Linux内核设计与实现(第二版)[M].陈莉君康华张波译.机械工业出版社,2006：36-44.
[33]吕志.基于嵌入式Linux的家庭网关的研究与实现[D].上海交通大学硕士论文,2011：25-34.
[34]孙思凯.嵌入式Linux系统下根文件系统的构建[J].科技信息.2010(11)：77～78.
[35]邱晟.Linux启动过程分析与优化[D].浙江大学硕士论文,2006：30-35.
[36]刘晓剑.基于嵌入式Linux2.6系统的驱动设计[D].西安电子科技大学硕士论文,2008：24-38.
[37]仇鑫.一种多网口EOC系统的设计与实现[D].中南大学硕士论文,2010：29-32.
[38]邓华文.ARM嵌入式Linux系统研究与开发[D].电子科技大学硕士论文,2011：14-20.
[39]Sreekrishnan Venkateswaran著.精通Linux设备驱动程序开发[M].宋宝华何昭然史海滨吴国成译.人民邮电出版社,2010：23-39.
[40]宋宝华.linux设备驱动开发详解[M].人民邮电出版社,2008：12-54.
[41]陈航.基于Linux的无线通信网关的设计与实现[D].北京邮电大学硕士学位论文,2010：30-38.
[42]贾东耀,彭树林.网络控制器DM9000A在嵌入式系统中的应用[J].电子产品世界.2008(8)：94-96.
[43]JONATHAN CORBER,ALESSANDRO RUBINI&GREG KROAH-HARTMAN著 LINUX设备驱动程序(第三版)[M].魏永明,耿岳,钟书毅译.中国电力出版社,2006：12-32.
[44]李方军,金炜东.嵌入式linux网络设备驱动程序的研究与实验[J].现代电子技术.2005：19-21.
[45]Shao Yong, Zhang Yi, Wang Jian and Qin Tinggao. Research and Implementation of ZigBee Networking[J].2009 IEEE International Conference on Mechatronics and Automation.2009(9):39-92.
[46]Texas Instruments Inc. Z-Stack Version 1.4.2[DB/OL]. http://www.ti.com/zigbee. 2007:2-31.
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