海南香蕉象甲发生为害调查及假茎象甲寄主选择性初步研究
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摘要
香蕉是一种重要的热带、亚热带水果,香蕉象甲是为害香蕉的重要害虫种类。本文对海南香蕉象甲的发生与为害情况进行了系统调查,并以香蕉假茎象甲—香蕉二重营养关系为研究对象,进行了香蕉假茎象甲寄主选择性的初步研究。
调查结果显示,海南香蕉象甲主要为害种是香蕉假茎象甲Odoiporus longicollis Oliver,其次是香蕉球茎象甲Cosmopolites sordidus Germar。此外,调查还发现了一个新的象甲为害种—麦氏光象Polytus mellerborgi Boheman,属于中国新记录种,与前两种相比,其为害较轻。香蕉假茎象甲、香蕉球茎象甲和麦氏光象广泛分布于海南儋州、昌江、东方、乐东、临高、澄迈、海口、文昌、琼海、三亚和白沙等香蕉主产区,其发生情况在不同区域有较大差异,同一区域不同香蕉园也有一定差异。
采用固相微萃取技术(SPME)提取新鲜假茎、腐烂未虫蛀假茎、虫蛀且腐烂假茎和虫蛀未腐烂假茎四种生理状态的香蕉假茎以及香蕉假茎象甲虫体挥发物,经气质联用仪(GC-MS)分析鉴定。结果表明：香蕉新鲜假茎与虫蛀且腐烂假茎分别鉴定出10种挥发性成分,腐烂未虫蛀假茎与虫蛀未腐烂假茎分别鉴定出11种挥发性成分。四种生理状态的香蕉假茎共有组分为2,6-二甲基-2,4,6-辛三烯,其在腐烂未虫蛀假茎中相对含量较高,为9.86%：四种生理状态的香蕉假茎挥发物均含有烃类和酯类,且以烃类在新鲜假茎挥发性成分中所占比例为最大,高达87.14%。香蕉假茎象甲虫体挥发物主要为酯类、萜类、酸类、醛类、烷烃、杂环化合物和芳香族化合物,香蕉假茎象甲雌、雄虫体挥发物共有组分有7种,且雄虫虫体挥发物含量大多高于雌虫虫体挥发物含量。
采用双重陷阱嗅觉仪方法分别测定了香蕉假茎象甲对香蕉假茎和香蕉假茎象甲虫体挥发物的行为反应,结果表明：香蕉假茎挥发物和香蕉假茎象甲虫体挥发物均对香蕉假茎象甲有引诱活性。香蕉假茎象甲对香蕉假茎和自身虫体挥发物的选择率显著高于对清洁空气的选择率。香蕉假茎象甲雌、雄虫对虫蛀且腐烂假茎的选择率显著高于对新鲜假茎的选择率。在香蕉假茎象甲对自身虫体挥发物的选择过程中,雌、雄虫对雄虫虫体挥发物的选择率明显大于对雌虫虫体挥发物的选择率。
采用触角电位技术测定了香蕉假茎象甲对香蕉假茎主要挥发物的触角电位反应,结果表明,(+)-柠檬烯、反式-石竹烯、十三烷和2,6-二甲基-2,4,6-辛三烯四种成分均能引起香蕉假茎象甲雌、雄虫触角的活性反应。雌、雄虫对10-4μl/mL(+)-柠檬烯的触角电位反应差异极显著(P<0.01),对10-2(+)-柠檬烯、10-6μl/mL和102μl/mL 2,6-二甲基-2,4,6-辛三烯的触角电位反应均差异显著(P<0.05)。不同浓度的反式-石竹烯和十三烷以及其他浓度的(+)-柠檬烯和2,6-二甲基-2,4,6-辛三烯对香蕉假茎象甲雌、雄虫的触角电位反应无性别差异。
扫描电镜观察结果表明：香蕉假茎象甲触角表皮具有波浪形刻纹,有3种毛形感器、2种刺形感器、1种锥形感器和1种芽孢形感器。香蕉假茎象甲触角上的各种感器类型多样,数量众多,分布集中,鞭节上感器最多,梗节次之,柄节没有。
Banana is an important fruits in tropical and subtropical regions of the world, and banana weevils are important pest species of banana. Systematic survey on occurrence and damage of banana weevils in Hainan was undertaken, and preliminary study had been made on host-selection by banana pseudostem weevil, Odoiporus longicollis (Oliver) (Coleoptera:Curculionidae) to probe into relationship between banana pseudostem weevil and banana.
The survey results showed that O. longicollis was the most major pest, followed by banana corm weevil, Cosmopolites sordidus (Germar) (Coleoptera:Curculionidae), and Polytus mellerborgi (Boheman) (Coleoptera:Curculionidae), which was a new record species in China. The damage of P. mellerborgi was the lightest. O. longicollis, C. sordidus and P. mellerborgi were widely distributed in Danzhou, Changjiang, Dongfang, Ledong, Lingao, Chengmai, Haikou, Wenchang, Qionghai, Sanya and Baisha banana plantations. There were differences on the occurrence extent banana weevils among different regions, and also among different banana plantations of the same region.
Solid phase microextraction (SPME) was applied to extract volatiles from banana pseudostems at four physiological status (including fresh pseudostem, rotten pseudostem without beetle eating, beetle-eaten and rotten pseudostem, beetle-eaten pseudostem without rotting) and from female and male O. longicollis, and the extracted volatiles were analyzed using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The results showed that a total of 10 components had been identified in fresh pseudostem and beetle-eaten and rotten pseudostems, and a total of 11 components in rotten pseudostems without beetle eating and beetle-eaten pseudostems without rotting respectively. Alloocimene was the common component from banana pseudostems at four physiological status, and its relative content (9.86%) was higher in rotten pseudostems without beetle eating than in others. There were hydrocarbons and esters in all the four kinds of banana pseudostems and the relative content of hydrocarbons was the highest in fresh pseudostems, representing 87.14% of the total peak area. There were esters, terpenes, acids, aldehydes, alkanes, heterocyclic compounds and aromatic compounds in the components of body volatiles, and there were 7 common components in body volatiles from female and male O. longicollis, and they were higher in the more relative contents of body volatiles from male O. longicollis.
Behavioral responses of O. longicollis to volatiles from banana pseudostems at four physiological status and from female and male O. longicollis were tested with double pitfall olfactometer. The results indicated that O. longicollis showed significantly higher selection rate to volatiles from banana pseudostems at four physiological status and from female and male O. longicollis than clean air. Both female and male O. longicollis selected beetle-eaten and rotten pseudostem not fresh pseudostem. Both female and male O. longicollis showed greater selection to volatiles from male O. longicollis than volatiles from female O. longicollis.
Electroantennogram (EAG) responses of O. longicollis to four volatiles were investigated, including (+)-Limonene, Tridecane, Trans-caryophyllene and Alloocimene from banana pseudostems. The results indicated that the four volatiles could all evoke EAG responses of female and male O. longicollis. The EAG responses of female and male O. longicollis to (+)-Limonene(10-4μl/mL) had remarkable difference (P<0.01), to Alloocimene (10-6μl/mL and 1μl/mL) had significant difference (P<0.05). Electroantennogram responses female and male O. longicollis to different concentrations of Tridecane and Trans-caryophyllene and other concentrations of (+)-Limonene and Alloocimene had no sex differences.
Antennal sensilla of O. longicollis were observed with scanning electron microscopy. There were wavy grooves on the antenna surface. and the sensilla could be classified into seven types morphologically, including three types of sensilla trichodea, two types of sensilla chaetica, one type of sensilla basiconic and sensilla gemmiformium. There were differences among the distribution and number among the scape, pedicel and flagellum of the antenna.
调查结果显示,海南香蕉象甲主要为害种是香蕉假茎象甲Odoiporus longicollis Oliver,其次是香蕉球茎象甲Cosmopolites sordidus Germar。此外,调查还发现了一个新的象甲为害种—麦氏光象Polytus mellerborgi Boheman,属于中国新记录种,与前两种相比,其为害较轻。香蕉假茎象甲、香蕉球茎象甲和麦氏光象广泛分布于海南儋州、昌江、东方、乐东、临高、澄迈、海口、文昌、琼海、三亚和白沙等香蕉主产区,其发生情况在不同区域有较大差异,同一区域不同香蕉园也有一定差异。
采用固相微萃取技术(SPME)提取新鲜假茎、腐烂未虫蛀假茎、虫蛀且腐烂假茎和虫蛀未腐烂假茎四种生理状态的香蕉假茎以及香蕉假茎象甲虫体挥发物,经气质联用仪(GC-MS)分析鉴定。结果表明：香蕉新鲜假茎与虫蛀且腐烂假茎分别鉴定出10种挥发性成分,腐烂未虫蛀假茎与虫蛀未腐烂假茎分别鉴定出11种挥发性成分。四种生理状态的香蕉假茎共有组分为2,6-二甲基-2,4,6-辛三烯,其在腐烂未虫蛀假茎中相对含量较高,为9.86%：四种生理状态的香蕉假茎挥发物均含有烃类和酯类,且以烃类在新鲜假茎挥发性成分中所占比例为最大,高达87.14%。香蕉假茎象甲虫体挥发物主要为酯类、萜类、酸类、醛类、烷烃、杂环化合物和芳香族化合物,香蕉假茎象甲雌、雄虫体挥发物共有组分有7种,且雄虫虫体挥发物含量大多高于雌虫虫体挥发物含量。
采用双重陷阱嗅觉仪方法分别测定了香蕉假茎象甲对香蕉假茎和香蕉假茎象甲虫体挥发物的行为反应,结果表明：香蕉假茎挥发物和香蕉假茎象甲虫体挥发物均对香蕉假茎象甲有引诱活性。香蕉假茎象甲对香蕉假茎和自身虫体挥发物的选择率显著高于对清洁空气的选择率。香蕉假茎象甲雌、雄虫对虫蛀且腐烂假茎的选择率显著高于对新鲜假茎的选择率。在香蕉假茎象甲对自身虫体挥发物的选择过程中,雌、雄虫对雄虫虫体挥发物的选择率明显大于对雌虫虫体挥发物的选择率。
采用触角电位技术测定了香蕉假茎象甲对香蕉假茎主要挥发物的触角电位反应,结果表明,(+)-柠檬烯、反式-石竹烯、十三烷和2,6-二甲基-2,4,6-辛三烯四种成分均能引起香蕉假茎象甲雌、雄虫触角的活性反应。雌、雄虫对10-4μl/mL(+)-柠檬烯的触角电位反应差异极显著(P<0.01),对10-2(+)-柠檬烯、10-6μl/mL和102μl/mL 2,6-二甲基-2,4,6-辛三烯的触角电位反应均差异显著(P<0.05)。不同浓度的反式-石竹烯和十三烷以及其他浓度的(+)-柠檬烯和2,6-二甲基-2,4,6-辛三烯对香蕉假茎象甲雌、雄虫的触角电位反应无性别差异。
扫描电镜观察结果表明：香蕉假茎象甲触角表皮具有波浪形刻纹,有3种毛形感器、2种刺形感器、1种锥形感器和1种芽孢形感器。香蕉假茎象甲触角上的各种感器类型多样,数量众多,分布集中,鞭节上感器最多,梗节次之,柄节没有。
Banana is an important fruits in tropical and subtropical regions of the world, and banana weevils are important pest species of banana. Systematic survey on occurrence and damage of banana weevils in Hainan was undertaken, and preliminary study had been made on host-selection by banana pseudostem weevil, Odoiporus longicollis (Oliver) (Coleoptera:Curculionidae) to probe into relationship between banana pseudostem weevil and banana.
The survey results showed that O. longicollis was the most major pest, followed by banana corm weevil, Cosmopolites sordidus (Germar) (Coleoptera:Curculionidae), and Polytus mellerborgi (Boheman) (Coleoptera:Curculionidae), which was a new record species in China. The damage of P. mellerborgi was the lightest. O. longicollis, C. sordidus and P. mellerborgi were widely distributed in Danzhou, Changjiang, Dongfang, Ledong, Lingao, Chengmai, Haikou, Wenchang, Qionghai, Sanya and Baisha banana plantations. There were differences on the occurrence extent banana weevils among different regions, and also among different banana plantations of the same region.
Solid phase microextraction (SPME) was applied to extract volatiles from banana pseudostems at four physiological status (including fresh pseudostem, rotten pseudostem without beetle eating, beetle-eaten and rotten pseudostem, beetle-eaten pseudostem without rotting) and from female and male O. longicollis, and the extracted volatiles were analyzed using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The results showed that a total of 10 components had been identified in fresh pseudostem and beetle-eaten and rotten pseudostems, and a total of 11 components in rotten pseudostems without beetle eating and beetle-eaten pseudostems without rotting respectively. Alloocimene was the common component from banana pseudostems at four physiological status, and its relative content (9.86%) was higher in rotten pseudostems without beetle eating than in others. There were hydrocarbons and esters in all the four kinds of banana pseudostems and the relative content of hydrocarbons was the highest in fresh pseudostems, representing 87.14% of the total peak area. There were esters, terpenes, acids, aldehydes, alkanes, heterocyclic compounds and aromatic compounds in the components of body volatiles, and there were 7 common components in body volatiles from female and male O. longicollis, and they were higher in the more relative contents of body volatiles from male O. longicollis.
Behavioral responses of O. longicollis to volatiles from banana pseudostems at four physiological status and from female and male O. longicollis were tested with double pitfall olfactometer. The results indicated that O. longicollis showed significantly higher selection rate to volatiles from banana pseudostems at four physiological status and from female and male O. longicollis than clean air. Both female and male O. longicollis selected beetle-eaten and rotten pseudostem not fresh pseudostem. Both female and male O. longicollis showed greater selection to volatiles from male O. longicollis than volatiles from female O. longicollis.
Electroantennogram (EAG) responses of O. longicollis to four volatiles were investigated, including (+)-Limonene, Tridecane, Trans-caryophyllene and Alloocimene from banana pseudostems. The results indicated that the four volatiles could all evoke EAG responses of female and male O. longicollis. The EAG responses of female and male O. longicollis to (+)-Limonene(10-4μl/mL) had remarkable difference (P<0.01), to Alloocimene (10-6μl/mL and 1μl/mL) had significant difference (P<0.05). Electroantennogram responses female and male O. longicollis to different concentrations of Tridecane and Trans-caryophyllene and other concentrations of (+)-Limonene and Alloocimene had no sex differences.
Antennal sensilla of O. longicollis were observed with scanning electron microscopy. There were wavy grooves on the antenna surface. and the sensilla could be classified into seven types morphologically, including three types of sensilla trichodea, two types of sensilla chaetica, one type of sensilla basiconic and sensilla gemmiformium. There were differences among the distribution and number among the scape, pedicel and flagellum of the antenna.
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