等离子体技术在高功率微波防护中的应用
摘要
为保护电子设备不受高功率微波破坏,本文研究等离子体技术在高功率微波武器防护方面的应用,主要包括以下内容:
基于等离子体在高功率微波武器防护方面的特点:触发时间短、功率容限高等,提出“等离子体防护”概念,其中包括“波导等离子体限幅器”和“双层等离子体防护窗”两种防护手段。为完善防护效果,提出“级联防护”措施。
1.提出“波导等离子体限幅器”防护措施。以典型尺寸波导为例,定量计算限幅器气体击穿场强和击穿时间,讨论限幅器气体参数选取原则及限幅器防护高功率微波武器的可行性。结果表明:对频率较低(小于十几GHz)的高功率微波,填充Xe(压强1 torr)的限幅器,能在大约14 ns内被高功率微波击穿形成等离子体,反射微波能量,保护敏感电子设备。
2.依据等离子体衰减微波实验结果,提出“双层等离子体防护窗”。定量研究高功率微波经过防护装置后剩余功率与初始入射功率的关系,分析双层等离子体防护窗防护高功率微波武器的可行性。结果表明:不同频率的高功率微波透射过防护模型后其能量均被有效衰减,剩余功率与初始入射功率的比值在0.3%～2.7%之间。
3.针对“波导等离子体限幅器”和“双层等离子体防护窗”在防护高功率微波武器中可能存在能量泄漏的问题,提出“级联防护”的改进措施,定量分析级联防护装置的防护效果。结果表明:对泄漏相对严重(由限幅器响应时间引起)的波导等离子体限幅器,经过级联防护后,高功率微波的最后透射功率可以被抑制在0.4 W以下。
本文提出的“等离子体防护”概念,对高功率微波武器防护技术具有参考价值。
To protect military electronic systems against High Power Microwave Weapons (HPMW), plasma protective technology is researched. This paper is organized as follows:
A new method of Plasma protection, including waveguide Plasma limiter and sandwich Plasma protective window, is presented based on potential advantages of Plasma to protecting military electronic systems against HPMW. Cascade protective device is also proposed to improve the protective performance.
1. Waveguide Plasma limiter is presented to protecting against HPMW with lower frequency. Gas breakdown electric field intensity and breakdown time of the limiter are numerical analyzed based on typical parameters of waveguide. Option of gas parameters and feasibility of the limiter to protecting military electronic systems against HPMW are discussed in detail. The results show: limiter filled with Xe of 1 torr can be charged by HPM in approximately 14 ns, and protects electronic systems.
2. According to the experiment results, sandwich Plasma protective window is presented. Ratio between transmitted power propagating through the window and original power of the HPMW is numerical analyzed, and feasibility of the window to protecting military electronic systems against HPMW is discussed in detail. The results show: incident HPM could be attenuated by the plasma window, and the ratio is 0.3%～2.7%.
3. Cascade protective device is presented to solving the problem, that Plasma limiter and sandwich Plasma protective window would induce leakage while hardening against HPMW, and Protective performance is numerical analyzed. The results show: leakage power induced by Waveguide Plasma limiter could be suppressed below 0.4 W by cascade protective measurement.
基于等离子体在高功率微波武器防护方面的特点:触发时间短、功率容限高等,提出“等离子体防护”概念,其中包括“波导等离子体限幅器”和“双层等离子体防护窗”两种防护手段。为完善防护效果,提出“级联防护”措施。
1.提出“波导等离子体限幅器”防护措施。以典型尺寸波导为例,定量计算限幅器气体击穿场强和击穿时间,讨论限幅器气体参数选取原则及限幅器防护高功率微波武器的可行性。结果表明:对频率较低(小于十几GHz)的高功率微波,填充Xe(压强1 torr)的限幅器,能在大约14 ns内被高功率微波击穿形成等离子体,反射微波能量,保护敏感电子设备。
2.依据等离子体衰减微波实验结果,提出“双层等离子体防护窗”。定量研究高功率微波经过防护装置后剩余功率与初始入射功率的关系,分析双层等离子体防护窗防护高功率微波武器的可行性。结果表明:不同频率的高功率微波透射过防护模型后其能量均被有效衰减,剩余功率与初始入射功率的比值在0.3%～2.7%之间。
3.针对“波导等离子体限幅器”和“双层等离子体防护窗”在防护高功率微波武器中可能存在能量泄漏的问题,提出“级联防护”的改进措施,定量分析级联防护装置的防护效果。结果表明:对泄漏相对严重(由限幅器响应时间引起)的波导等离子体限幅器,经过级联防护后,高功率微波的最后透射功率可以被抑制在0.4 W以下。
本文提出的“等离子体防护”概念,对高功率微波武器防护技术具有参考价值。
To protect military electronic systems against High Power Microwave Weapons (HPMW), plasma protective technology is researched. This paper is organized as follows:
A new method of Plasma protection, including waveguide Plasma limiter and sandwich Plasma protective window, is presented based on potential advantages of Plasma to protecting military electronic systems against HPMW. Cascade protective device is also proposed to improve the protective performance.
1. Waveguide Plasma limiter is presented to protecting against HPMW with lower frequency. Gas breakdown electric field intensity and breakdown time of the limiter are numerical analyzed based on typical parameters of waveguide. Option of gas parameters and feasibility of the limiter to protecting military electronic systems against HPMW are discussed in detail. The results show: limiter filled with Xe of 1 torr can be charged by HPM in approximately 14 ns, and protects electronic systems.
2. According to the experiment results, sandwich Plasma protective window is presented. Ratio between transmitted power propagating through the window and original power of the HPMW is numerical analyzed, and feasibility of the window to protecting military electronic systems against HPMW is discussed in detail. The results show: incident HPM could be attenuated by the plasma window, and the ratio is 0.3%～2.7%.
3. Cascade protective device is presented to solving the problem, that Plasma limiter and sandwich Plasma protective window would induce leakage while hardening against HPMW, and Protective performance is numerical analyzed. The results show: leakage power induced by Waveguide Plasma limiter could be suppressed below 0.4 W by cascade protective measurement.
引文
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[18]汪海洋,李家胤,周翼鸿等,PIN限幅器PSpice模拟与实验研究,强激光与粒子束,2006,18(1):88-92
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[2]Ni Guoqi,Gao Benqing and Lu Junwei,Research on high power microwave weapons,IEEE Asia-pacific Microwave conference,December 2005,SuZhou china
[3]Wilson C.,High Altitude Electromagnetic Pulse(HEMP) and High Power Microwave(HPM) Devices:Threat Assessment,paper AD-A-449540,2006
[4]陈修桥,张建华,高功率微波武器的防护,中国电子学会电子对抗分会第十二届学术年会论文集,2001,425-428
[5]Taylor,高功率微波系统和效应,四川:中国工程物理研究院科技信息中心(内部资料),2001
[6]赖祖武,高功率微波及核电磁脉冲的防护问题,微波学报,1995,11(1):1-8
[7]吴世俊,隐身巡航导弹技术及其对抗措施,舰船电子对抗,2007,30(1):30-33
[8]凌晓曙,雷达隐身和反隐身技术,舰船电子对抗,2007,30(3):40-48
[9]M.Nagatsu,T.Sano,N.Takada,et al.,Characteristics of hydrogenated amorphous carbon films deposited by large-area microwave-sustained surface wave plasma,Diamond and Related Materials,2002,11:976-979
[10]A Igor,K W Lock,Plasma stealth antenna for the U S Navy,IEEE International Conference on plasma Science,1998
[11]Mathew J,Electronically steerable plasma mirror based radar-concept and characteristics,IEEE Aerospace and electronic systems Magazine,1996,11:38-44
[12]Kikel T.,Altgilbers L.,Merritt I.,et al.,Plasma Limiters,paperAIAA-A-98-32537,1998
[13]RFI Protection:Plasma Limiter Radio Frequency Mitigation Device for Radar and Electronic Warfare Systems,http://www.accurate-automation.com
[14]John J.Mankowski,David Hemmert,Andreas Neuber,and Hermann Krompholz,Field Enhanced Microwave Breakdown in a Plasma Limiter,IEEE Trans.Plasma Sci.,2002,30(1):102-103
[15]Brown N.J,Modern receiver protection capabilities with TR-limiters,Microwave Journal,1974,17(2):61-64
[16]B.M.Coaker,D.M.Dowthwaite and N.E.Priestley,High-Power Multi-Function Radar Receiver Protection,Proceedings of the 3rd European Radar Conference,September 2006
[17]刘国靖,潘泉,刘国治等,雷达接收机保护技术进展,西安电子科技大学学报(自然科学版),2004,28(5):665-671
[18]汪海洋,李家胤,周翼鸿等,PIN限幅器PSpice模拟与实验研究,强激光与粒子束,2006,18(1):88-92
[19]刘国靖,潘泉,刘国治等,高功率微波短脉冲雷达接收机保护装置设计,西安电子科技大学学报(自然科学版),2002,29(2):665-671
[20]薛正辉,杨仕明,李伟明等著,微波固态电路,北京:北京理工大学出版社,2004
[21]徐家銮,金尚宪,等离子体物理学,北京:原子能出版社,1981
[22]Xu Bo,Shi Jiaming,Yuan Zhongcai,et al.,The Interaction of the Collisional Plasma with Microwave,plasma science and technology,2006,8(5):535-538
[23]彭国贤,气体放电一等离子体物理的应用,上海:知识出版社,1988
[24]菅井秀郎,等离子体电子工程学,北京:科学出版社,2002
[25]Gregdire D J.,Electromagnetic Wave Propagation in unmagnetized Plasma,paper AD-A-250710,1992
[26]孙爱萍,李丽琼,邱孝明等,电磁波与非磁化等离子体的相互作用,核聚变与等离子体物理,2002,22(3):135-138
[27]庄钊文,袁乃昌,刘少斌等著,等离子体隐身技术,北京:科学出版社,2005
[28]罗恩J R.,工业等离子体工程,北京:科学出版社,1998
[29]江剑平,翁甲辉,杨沫堂,阴极电子学与气体放电原理,北京:国防工业出版社,1980
[30]Robert J Vidmar,Plasma cloaking:air chemistry,broadband absorption,and plasma generation,paper AD-A-222044,1990
[31]Yukikazu Itikawa,Effective collision frequency of electrons in gases,The physics of fluids,1973,16(6):831-835
[32]Mounir Laroussi and J.Reece Roth,Numerical Calculation of the Reflection,Absorption,and Transmission of Microwaves by a Nonuniform Plasma Slab,IEEE Trans.Plasma Sci.,1993,21(4):366-372
[33]Li Hui and Wang Zibin,Development of foreign High-Powered Microwave Weapons and prospect of future application in Space-Based Target defense and Air defense,paper AD-A-306465,1996
[34]Ianoz M and Wipf H.,Modeling and simulation methods to assess EM Terrorism Effects,Asia-pacfic Conference on Environmental Electromagnetics:CEEM 2000 shanghai china,proceedings,May 2000,1-4
[35]袁忠才,时家明,非磁化等离子体中的电子碰撞频率,核聚变与等离子体物理,2004,24(2):157-160
[36]Annemie Bogaerts,Erik Neyts,Renat Gijbels,et al.,Gas discharge plasmas and their applications,Spectrochimica Acta part B,2002,57:609-658
[37]周壁华,陈彬,高成,现代战争面临的高功率电磁环境分析,微波学报,2002,18(1):88-92
[38]Robert J.Barker and Edl Scharmilogu,高功率微波源与技术,北京:清华大学出版社,2005
[39]唐德礼,孙爱萍,邱孝明,均匀磁化等离子体与雷达波相互作用的数值分析,物理学报,2002,51(8):1724-1729
[40]杨耿,谭吉春,等离子体窗在飞行器电子设备抗高功率微波中的应用,国防报告,GF-A0084424,2007
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