磷和砷对蜈蚣草的效应和菜蕨对锰的富集特性研究
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摘要
本文研究了两种蕨类植物在环境胁迫下的效应:无菌条件下砷(As)与磷(P)对蜈蚣草(pteris vittata)配子体的生长发育的影响和盆栽条件下蜈蚣草孢子体对P的吸收特性以及菜蕨(callipteris esculenta)对锰(Mn)的吸收特性,主要结果如下:
1.高浓度As(大于30 mg/L)能扩大蜈蚣草配子体的假根着生点范围。浓度为900 mg P/L能促进蜈蚣草孢子萌发,增加前期原叶体面积;浓度为1500 mg P/L能使低浓度As扩大假根着生点分布,还可缓解As对配子体的毒害。
2.当施P量低于250 mg/kg土时,施P量与蜈蚣草生物量呈正相关;当高于250 mg/kg时,施P量与生物量则呈负相关。蜈蚣草中磷主要分布在叶片,其含量在30g P/kg以上,高于多数植物,并且蜈蚣草在P含量很低时仍能存活。
3.菜蕨植株Mn含量随着Mn添加量的增加而增加,营养叶Mn含量最高可达2510.3 mg/kg,比海金砂高9倍;当Mn添加量大于500 mg/kg时,还可显著提高植株对Mn的富集系数(1.9)。此外,施用Mn肥促进菜蕨植株根部长出小苗。
4.施Mn量高于300 mg/kg时,施K肥降低菜蕨植株Mn含量,而施用Mn肥则对植株K含量影响很小,但降低孢子叶与根部Mg含量。
综上所述,As能改变蜈蚣草配子体的假根分布范围,高浓度P能降低As对配子体的毒害作用,磷主要分布在叶片,其含量高于一般植物。菜蕨对Mn有一定的富集能力,施K降低菜蕨植株Mn含量,而施Mn则对植株K含量影响很小。
Effect of arsenic and phosphorus on gametophytes of Pteris vittata under aseptic condition, phosphorus absorption characteristic of potted Pteris vittata and manganese absorption characteristic of potted Callipteris esculenta were studied . Main results were as follows:
1. Rhizoid distribution of Pteris vittata gametophytes was enlarged by higher arsenic concentration, which was not less than 100mg/kg. Spore germination was accelerated, and prothallium area was increased in 900mg P/L treatment. Rhizoid distribution was enlarged by low arsenic concentration in the condition of the highest phosphorus concentration (1500mg/L).
2. Pteris vittata Biomass was positively correlative to phosphorus in the condition of phosphorus addition, which was not higher than 250mg/kg soil, but biomass was negatively correlative to phosphorus in the condition of phosphorus addition, which was higher than 250mg/kg soil. Phosphorus concentration mainly existed in pinna, and pinna phosphorus concentration, more than 30g/kg, was more than other common plant's. Furthermore, Pteris vittata can survive in the condition of few phosphorus culture medium.
3. Callipteris esculenta manganese concentration was increased with manganese increasing. Trophylles manganese concentration was highest, up to 2510.3mg/kg, 9 times higher than lygodium. Manganese bioconcentration factor was significantly enhanced by manganese, whose addition was more than 500mg/kg, and furthermore, little seedling numbers on root were increased by manganese.
4. Callipteris esculenta manganese concentration was decreased with potassium addition, when Mn addition is more than 300mg/kg, however, plant potassium concentration was effected slightly with manganese addition. Sporophylles and root magnesium concentration were decreased with manganese addition.
In a word, gametophyte rhizoid distribution was enlarged by arsenic. Arsenic harm to gametophyte was decreased by high phosphorus concentration. Phosphorus concentration mainly existed in pinna, and pinna phosphorus concentration was higher than common plant. Furthermore, Callipteris esculenta can accumulate more manganese, and manganese concentration was decreased with potassium addition, but potassium concentration was effected slightly with manganese addition.
1.高浓度As(大于30 mg/L)能扩大蜈蚣草配子体的假根着生点范围。浓度为900 mg P/L能促进蜈蚣草孢子萌发,增加前期原叶体面积;浓度为1500 mg P/L能使低浓度As扩大假根着生点分布,还可缓解As对配子体的毒害。
2.当施P量低于250 mg/kg土时,施P量与蜈蚣草生物量呈正相关;当高于250 mg/kg时,施P量与生物量则呈负相关。蜈蚣草中磷主要分布在叶片,其含量在30g P/kg以上,高于多数植物,并且蜈蚣草在P含量很低时仍能存活。
3.菜蕨植株Mn含量随着Mn添加量的增加而增加,营养叶Mn含量最高可达2510.3 mg/kg,比海金砂高9倍;当Mn添加量大于500 mg/kg时,还可显著提高植株对Mn的富集系数(1.9)。此外,施用Mn肥促进菜蕨植株根部长出小苗。
4.施Mn量高于300 mg/kg时,施K肥降低菜蕨植株Mn含量,而施用Mn肥则对植株K含量影响很小,但降低孢子叶与根部Mg含量。
综上所述,As能改变蜈蚣草配子体的假根分布范围,高浓度P能降低As对配子体的毒害作用,磷主要分布在叶片,其含量高于一般植物。菜蕨对Mn有一定的富集能力,施K降低菜蕨植株Mn含量,而施Mn则对植株K含量影响很小。
Effect of arsenic and phosphorus on gametophytes of Pteris vittata under aseptic condition, phosphorus absorption characteristic of potted Pteris vittata and manganese absorption characteristic of potted Callipteris esculenta were studied . Main results were as follows:
1. Rhizoid distribution of Pteris vittata gametophytes was enlarged by higher arsenic concentration, which was not less than 100mg/kg. Spore germination was accelerated, and prothallium area was increased in 900mg P/L treatment. Rhizoid distribution was enlarged by low arsenic concentration in the condition of the highest phosphorus concentration (1500mg/L).
2. Pteris vittata Biomass was positively correlative to phosphorus in the condition of phosphorus addition, which was not higher than 250mg/kg soil, but biomass was negatively correlative to phosphorus in the condition of phosphorus addition, which was higher than 250mg/kg soil. Phosphorus concentration mainly existed in pinna, and pinna phosphorus concentration, more than 30g/kg, was more than other common plant's. Furthermore, Pteris vittata can survive in the condition of few phosphorus culture medium.
3. Callipteris esculenta manganese concentration was increased with manganese increasing. Trophylles manganese concentration was highest, up to 2510.3mg/kg, 9 times higher than lygodium. Manganese bioconcentration factor was significantly enhanced by manganese, whose addition was more than 500mg/kg, and furthermore, little seedling numbers on root were increased by manganese.
4. Callipteris esculenta manganese concentration was decreased with potassium addition, when Mn addition is more than 300mg/kg, however, plant potassium concentration was effected slightly with manganese addition. Sporophylles and root magnesium concentration were decreased with manganese addition.
In a word, gametophyte rhizoid distribution was enlarged by arsenic. Arsenic harm to gametophyte was decreased by high phosphorus concentration. Phosphorus concentration mainly existed in pinna, and pinna phosphorus concentration was higher than common plant. Furthermore, Callipteris esculenta can accumulate more manganese, and manganese concentration was decreased with potassium addition, but potassium concentration was effected slightly with manganese addition.
引文
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