芍药切花多季生产技术研究
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摘要
芍药(Paeonia lactiflora)是我国的传统名花,切花多季生产是芍药产业化发展的重要组成部分。选择适宜耐贮藏的切花品种是为2008年奥运会提供优良切花的基础,完善的春节促成栽培生产技术及流程是在春节期间提供大量优质芍药鲜切花的根本保证。本研究24个芍药品种为对象,进行低温贮藏并研究了其耐贮藏的特性;针对适宜切花的品种‘桃花飞雪’和‘大富贵’进行了春节促成栽培生产技术及流程的研究,主要研究结果如下:
1.依据切花贮藏后,瓶插寿命、花朵直径、开花率、感病率等方面的测定,初步从24个芍药品种中筛选出耐贮藏的品种2个,‘玲珑玉’、‘桃花飞雪’,最长贮藏时间分别达到了130天和120天,‘巧玲’不耐贮藏,最长贮藏时间只有40天。耐贮藏性与品种有直接相关性,与花型、花期和花色没有直接相关性。花朵的开放寿命除了与贮藏时间长短有关以外,周围环境温度是另一个非常重要的因素,温度高开放寿命就缩短,温度低开放寿命就有所延长。
2.赤霉素能有效地解除花芽休眠,促进枝叶生长,芍药植株用一定浓度范围的赤霉素处理后,在适宜的温度环境就可萌发生长,而且浓度越高生长速度越快,但是这些植株后期容易发生败育。
3.4℃冷藏6-7周能有效地解除‘桃花飞雪’的休眠,并能够顺利成花,提前花期和有益成花率所需的冷藏时间不同。在提前花期方面,冷藏7周最好;在有益成花率方面,冷藏6周最好。
4.赤霉素处理能够提高成花率和切花质量,但是最有效的赤霉素浓度与品种有直接相关性,‘桃花飞雪’最有效的赤霉素浓度是200mg/L,‘大富贵’最有效的赤霉素浓度是150mg/L。
Herbaceous peony(Paeonia lactiflora)is a traditional famous flower in China, and the multi-seasonal production of its cut flowers forms an important part of herbaceous peony industrilasiton. Selecting the proper cultivars endurable for storage lays the foundation of providing abundant high-qualitied cut flowers, as well as the effecitve forcing culture technology and procedure for the Spring Festival. The storage durability of 24 cultivars of herbaceous peony was evaluated by the low-temperature storage experiment; and the technology and procedure of forcing culture for Spring Festival on‘Taohuafeixue’and‘Dafugui’which is feasible for cut flower is studied. The main results are as follows:
1.storage-endurable cutivars‘Ling long yu’and‘Tao hua fei xue’, whose storage duration was 130 days and 120 days respectively, was selected from 24 herbaceous peony cultivars according to their vase-life, flower diameter, flower rate and infection rate after low–temperature storage, comparing with‘Qiao ling’, whose storage duration was 40 days. The storage durability is directly related to cultivars, but not directly related to flower type, florescence and flower colour. The environmental temperature is another important factor to vase-life of flower besides storage duration, proved by the prolonged vase-life under lower environmental temperature and vice verse.
2.GA3 is effective to release the dormancy of flower bud and promote the branches and leaves grow. Herbaceous peony with GA3 treatment within a certain range of density can germinate and develop under proper temperature, and the growing speed is in positive correlation with GA3 density, but relatively more easily to abort in later stage.
3. Dormancy of‘Tao hua fei xue’is released and flowers indution is completed under the condition of 4℃storage for 6-7 weeks. Predating florescence and maximum flower rate require different storage duration respectively: 7 weeks storage is optimum for predating florescence while 6 weeks storage for the latter.
4. Flowering rate and qulity of cut flower is improved by GA3 treatment, and the most benefit GA3 density is determined by the particular cultivar: for‘Tao hua fei xue’, it is 200mg/L, and‘Da fu gui’150mg/L.
1.依据切花贮藏后,瓶插寿命、花朵直径、开花率、感病率等方面的测定,初步从24个芍药品种中筛选出耐贮藏的品种2个,‘玲珑玉’、‘桃花飞雪’,最长贮藏时间分别达到了130天和120天,‘巧玲’不耐贮藏,最长贮藏时间只有40天。耐贮藏性与品种有直接相关性,与花型、花期和花色没有直接相关性。花朵的开放寿命除了与贮藏时间长短有关以外,周围环境温度是另一个非常重要的因素,温度高开放寿命就缩短,温度低开放寿命就有所延长。
2.赤霉素能有效地解除花芽休眠,促进枝叶生长,芍药植株用一定浓度范围的赤霉素处理后,在适宜的温度环境就可萌发生长,而且浓度越高生长速度越快,但是这些植株后期容易发生败育。
3.4℃冷藏6-7周能有效地解除‘桃花飞雪’的休眠,并能够顺利成花,提前花期和有益成花率所需的冷藏时间不同。在提前花期方面,冷藏7周最好;在有益成花率方面,冷藏6周最好。
4.赤霉素处理能够提高成花率和切花质量,但是最有效的赤霉素浓度与品种有直接相关性,‘桃花飞雪’最有效的赤霉素浓度是200mg/L,‘大富贵’最有效的赤霉素浓度是150mg/L。
Herbaceous peony(Paeonia lactiflora)is a traditional famous flower in China, and the multi-seasonal production of its cut flowers forms an important part of herbaceous peony industrilasiton. Selecting the proper cultivars endurable for storage lays the foundation of providing abundant high-qualitied cut flowers, as well as the effecitve forcing culture technology and procedure for the Spring Festival. The storage durability of 24 cultivars of herbaceous peony was evaluated by the low-temperature storage experiment; and the technology and procedure of forcing culture for Spring Festival on‘Taohuafeixue’and‘Dafugui’which is feasible for cut flower is studied. The main results are as follows:
1.storage-endurable cutivars‘Ling long yu’and‘Tao hua fei xue’, whose storage duration was 130 days and 120 days respectively, was selected from 24 herbaceous peony cultivars according to their vase-life, flower diameter, flower rate and infection rate after low–temperature storage, comparing with‘Qiao ling’, whose storage duration was 40 days. The storage durability is directly related to cultivars, but not directly related to flower type, florescence and flower colour. The environmental temperature is another important factor to vase-life of flower besides storage duration, proved by the prolonged vase-life under lower environmental temperature and vice verse.
2.GA3 is effective to release the dormancy of flower bud and promote the branches and leaves grow. Herbaceous peony with GA3 treatment within a certain range of density can germinate and develop under proper temperature, and the growing speed is in positive correlation with GA3 density, but relatively more easily to abort in later stage.
3. Dormancy of‘Tao hua fei xue’is released and flowers indution is completed under the condition of 4℃storage for 6-7 weeks. Predating florescence and maximum flower rate require different storage duration respectively: 7 weeks storage is optimum for predating florescence while 6 weeks storage for the latter.
4. Flowering rate and qulity of cut flower is improved by GA3 treatment, and the most benefit GA3 density is determined by the particular cultivar: for‘Tao hua fei xue’, it is 200mg/L, and‘Da fu gui’150mg/L.
引文
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[2] 蔡蕾,张晓红,沈红香.乙烯对不同切花月季品种开花和衰老的影响[J].园艺学报,2002.29(5):467-472.
[3] 高俊平.观赏植物采后生理与技术.北京:中国农业大学出版社,2002.
[4] 高水平.芍药切花采后技术研究[D].北京林业大学.硕士学位论文.2006.
[5] 姜微波,孙自然,于梁等.低温贮藏结合蔗糖处理对唐菖蒲切花的影响[J].园艺学报,1989,16(1):63-67.
[6] 李嘉珏.中国牡丹与芍药[M].北京:中国林业出版社,1999.
[7] 李玉敏.牡丹冬季室内催花主要技术[J].林业科技通讯,2001.3:45-46.
[8] 李金枝,罗红艺,景红娟.不同保鲜剂对百合切花的保鲜效应[J].湖北农业科学,2004,(2):73-75.
[9] 廖立新.冷藏唐菖蒲切花瓶插过程中水分平衡及若干生理指标的变化[J].亚热带植物科学,2003,32(3):10-15.
[10] 刘燕.芍药切花采后贮藏生理研究[J].北京林业大学学报,1996,18(1):89-92.
[11] 刘燕.芍药切花采后贮藏生理[D].北京:北京林业大学,1988.
[12] 龙芳. 芍药的春节催花技术研究及抑制栽培初探[D].北京林业大学硕士学位论文.2007.
[13] 龙芳.芍药的促成与抑制栽培研究进展[C].中国观赏园艺研究进展,2006.
[14] 龙芳.芍药春节催花技术[J].农业工程技术温室园艺.2006(279).
[15] 吕明霞.保鲜剂对香石竹切花保鲜的生理反应[J].植物生理学通讯.1993,29(1):37-38.
[16] 马平,曹云翔.芍药病害的发生极其综合防治[J].江西植保,2004,27:5-6
[17] 孟繁锡.糖分在玫瑰花采后保鲜中的有害作用.农业工程学报[J],2001,17(1):106-109
[18] 秦魁杰,李嘉珏.芍药[M].上海:上海科学技术出版社,2000.
[19] 单宏伟,郑爱琴.切花芍药商品化生产[J].北方园艺,2001(1):24— 25.
[20] 盛爱武.非洲菊切花品种的乙烯敏感性及保鲜研究[J].仲恺农业技术学院学报,2003,16(2):26-31.
[21] 孙万福,唐雨等.花卉真空保鲜技术初探[J].真空,2002,(4):39-42.
[22] 王合理.低温贮藏对安祖花含糖量和呼吸速率及其品质的影响[J].植物生理学通讯,1999,35(6):458-460.
[23] 吴春华等.蔗糖对香石竹切花的保鲜效果[J].延边大学农学学报,2001,23(3):192-194
[24] 王荣花,赵海军.低温下贮藏的芍药切花瓶插寿命和几种生理生化特性变化[J].植物生理学通讯,2005,41(6):775—776.
[25] 王荣花,赵海军等.低温贮藏对芍药切花衰老生理的影响[J].西北农林科技大学学报(自然科学版)[J],2006,34(9):55-60.
[26] 王荣花,李京春等.杀菌剂和低温贮藏对芍药切花保鲜及其生理变化的影响[J].西北植物学报,2005,25(10):1992-1996.
[27] 王高潮等.中国芍药—培育鉴赏及文化渊源[M].北京:中国林业出版社,2003.
[28] 王宗正,章月仙.从芍药的花芽分化试论芍药、牡丹的花型形成和演化[J].园艺学报,1991,18(2):163-168.
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