P7100型顶隙柱塞喷油泵的应用研究
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摘要
现代中重型柴油机为了满足日益严峻的排放法规和更高经济性、可靠性要求,首先需要对传统燃油系统进行技术改进和匹配优化。我公司CA6DL系列柴油机通过匹配具有转速提前功能的顶隙柱塞喷油泵来改善性能。
本文分析了顶隙柱塞结构特点,研究了顶隙柱塞随转速增加而喷油提前的机理。阐述了CA6DL2-26型柴油机采用P7100型顶隙柱塞喷油泵的原因,分析了国内外燃油系统的技术发展趋势。建立了顶隙柱塞喷油泵的液力计算模型,利用Matlab的Simulink软件,研究了主要因素对顶隙柱塞喷油泵喷油提前特性的影响,为燃油系统的优化匹配提供了理论依据。研究了顶隙柱塞喷油泵喷油提前特性测试方法,建立了一套准确快捷的顶隙柱塞喷油泵喷油特性测试系统,试验研究了顶隙结构对喷油特性的影响规律。还测试分析了燃油温度和燃油中DMC含量对顶隙柱塞喷油泵喷油特性的影响规律。喷油特性测试结果与模拟计算结果一致。针对CA6DL2-26型柴油机,进行了P7100型顶隙柱塞喷油泵的优化匹配试验,研究了顶隙柱塞喷油泵关键参数对柴油机性能和排放的影响规律,并通过燃油系统的参数优化最终改善了柴油机的性能。研究表明,为了实现燃油系统随转速增加而提前喷油的功能,顶隙槽磨削深度和磨削高度应适当。转速一定时,随负荷减小,即顶隙柱塞工作高度减小,顶隙柱塞喷油泵呈现喷油滞后的趋势。喷油始点随温度和燃油中DMC含量的增加而延迟。
In order to fulfill the strict exhaust emission legislation and meanwhile meet the economy and durability requests, the modern heavy-duty diesel engine needs to improve and match its fuel injection system first. Our corporation's product, the CA6DL series diesel engine reaches this goal by installing the Top Clearance Plunger Pump(TCPP) which can advance injection with speed increase.
The paper analyzes the characteristics and principle of the Top Clearance Plunger Pump, and then the reasons why the CA6DL2-26 diesel engine chooses the TCPP as its fuel injection system are given. The paper also describes the development trends of the fuel injection system .To study the effects of main factors of the TCPP on fuel injection characteristics, a mathematic model has been built by using Matlab and Simulink software, providing a theoretical basis for the FIE system optimization. Meanwhile, in order to investigate the fuel injection law of the TCPP, a test system for measuring all needed injection parameters has been developed. The effects of the Top Clearance Plungers parameters, the fuel temperature and the DMC content in the fuel on the fuel injection law have been investigated. The experimental results show a good agreement with the simulation results. The paper also describes clearly the improving and matching process of the TCPP's to the CA6DL2-26 diesel engine,the effects of some key parameters of the FIE injection system on engine performance have been investigated,and the engine performance has been improved through the optimization of fuel system. The research indicates that the proper parameters such as the depth and height of the Top Clearance slot are necessary to realize the function that the FIE system can advance injection with speed increase. The FIE system have a injection lag as the load and the Top Clearance slot height reduce if the engine speed keeps constant. And the start of injection delays with the increase of fuel temperature or the DMC content in diesel fuel.
本文分析了顶隙柱塞结构特点,研究了顶隙柱塞随转速增加而喷油提前的机理。阐述了CA6DL2-26型柴油机采用P7100型顶隙柱塞喷油泵的原因,分析了国内外燃油系统的技术发展趋势。建立了顶隙柱塞喷油泵的液力计算模型,利用Matlab的Simulink软件,研究了主要因素对顶隙柱塞喷油泵喷油提前特性的影响,为燃油系统的优化匹配提供了理论依据。研究了顶隙柱塞喷油泵喷油提前特性测试方法,建立了一套准确快捷的顶隙柱塞喷油泵喷油特性测试系统,试验研究了顶隙结构对喷油特性的影响规律。还测试分析了燃油温度和燃油中DMC含量对顶隙柱塞喷油泵喷油特性的影响规律。喷油特性测试结果与模拟计算结果一致。针对CA6DL2-26型柴油机,进行了P7100型顶隙柱塞喷油泵的优化匹配试验,研究了顶隙柱塞喷油泵关键参数对柴油机性能和排放的影响规律,并通过燃油系统的参数优化最终改善了柴油机的性能。研究表明,为了实现燃油系统随转速增加而提前喷油的功能,顶隙槽磨削深度和磨削高度应适当。转速一定时,随负荷减小,即顶隙柱塞工作高度减小,顶隙柱塞喷油泵呈现喷油滞后的趋势。喷油始点随温度和燃油中DMC含量的增加而延迟。
In order to fulfill the strict exhaust emission legislation and meanwhile meet the economy and durability requests, the modern heavy-duty diesel engine needs to improve and match its fuel injection system first. Our corporation's product, the CA6DL series diesel engine reaches this goal by installing the Top Clearance Plunger Pump(TCPP) which can advance injection with speed increase.
The paper analyzes the characteristics and principle of the Top Clearance Plunger Pump, and then the reasons why the CA6DL2-26 diesel engine chooses the TCPP as its fuel injection system are given. The paper also describes the development trends of the fuel injection system .To study the effects of main factors of the TCPP on fuel injection characteristics, a mathematic model has been built by using Matlab and Simulink software, providing a theoretical basis for the FIE system optimization. Meanwhile, in order to investigate the fuel injection law of the TCPP, a test system for measuring all needed injection parameters has been developed. The effects of the Top Clearance Plungers parameters, the fuel temperature and the DMC content in the fuel on the fuel injection law have been investigated. The experimental results show a good agreement with the simulation results. The paper also describes clearly the improving and matching process of the TCPP's to the CA6DL2-26 diesel engine,the effects of some key parameters of the FIE injection system on engine performance have been investigated,and the engine performance has been improved through the optimization of fuel system. The research indicates that the proper parameters such as the depth and height of the Top Clearance slot are necessary to realize the function that the FIE system can advance injection with speed increase. The FIE system have a injection lag as the load and the Top Clearance slot height reduce if the engine speed keeps constant. And the start of injection delays with the increase of fuel temperature or the DMC content in diesel fuel.
引文
[1] Brien Fulton,Louis Leviticus,Variable Injection Timing Effects on the Performance and Emissions of a Direct Injection Diesel Engine,SAE 932385
[2] Taro Aoyama,Jun’ichi Mizuta,Yujiro Oshima,NOx Reduction by Injection Control,SAE 900637
[3] Shigeru Shundoh,The Effect of Injection Parameters and Swirl on Diesel Combustion with High Pressure Fuel Injection,SAE 910489
[4] M.Badami,Influence of Injection Pressure on the Performance of a DI Diesel Engine with a Common Rail Fuel Injection System,SAE 1999-01-0193
[5] 沈祖立,黄见,杨崴等. P7100 型喷油泵的开发研制及优化匹配,一汽无锡油泵油嘴研究所,2002 年 12 月
[6] 高宗英,根据高压油管实测压力计算柴油机喷油过程的一种新方法,内燃机学报,1983.2:73-85
[7] 夏胜枝, 周明, 李希浩, 欧阳明高,电控柴油喷射液力系统的参数优化,清华大学学报,2002 年第 42 卷:80-83
[8] [日]铃木桂三,燃油系统异常喷油量特性的研究.国外油泵油嘴,1983.2:11-20
[9] [德]Augustin U,Schwarz V,喷油泵柱塞处采取液力措施控制喷油量曲线.国外内燃机,1990.3:45-48
[10] 赵致和,柴油机供油系统不规则喷射的原因和消除措施,洛阳工学院学报,1984.2:16-22
[11] [日]前田和幸,米元博明,喷油泵特性对小型船用柴油机性能的影响,国外内燃机,1993.4:15-19
[12] [德]Constien M,Woschni G,Zeilinger K 等,高速柴油机喷油规律的测定,国外内燃机,1993.4:27-33
[13] Tohru Okazaki,Yoichiro Yawata,Jiro Akagi,Komatsu high pressure fuel injection pump "KP21",SAE 901669
[14] C. Arcoumanis,M. Gavaises,M. Yamanishi,J. Oiwa,Application of an FIE computer model to an in-line pump-based injection system for diesel engines,SAE 970348
[15] A. Ishida,T. Kanamoto,S. Kurihara,Improvements of exhaust gas emissions and cold startability of heavy duty diesel engines by new injection-rate-control pump,SAE 861236
[16] Reinhard Doell,Klaus-Christoph Harms,Paul Henderson,Fred McLeod,A new approach to assess the accuracy of service timing devices for injection pumps of diesel engines,SAE 1999-01-0823
[17] Gerhard Stumpp,Wilhelm Polach,N. Muller,J. Warga,Fuel-injection equipment for heavy duty diesel engines for U.S. 1991/1994 emission limits,SAE 890851
[18] D. A. Nehmer,R. D. Reitz,Measurement of the effect of injection rate and split injections on diesel engine soot and NOx emissions,SAE 940668
[19] D. T. Montgomery,R. D. Reitz,Effects of multiple injections and flexible control of boost and EGR on emissions and fuel consumption of a heavy-duty diesel engine,SAE 2001-01-0195
[20] O.Bunes,P.M.Einang,Comparing the performance of the common rail fuel injection system with the traditional injection system using computer aided modelling and simulation,MARINTEK paper at ENSUS 2000,International Conference on Maring Science and Technology for Environmental Sustainability, Newcastle, September 2000
[21] J. R. Needham,M. P. May,D. M. Doyle etc. injection timing and rate control solution for low emissions, SAE 900854
[22] Breda Kegl, An improved mathematical model of conventional FIE processes, SAE 950079
[23] 中国汽车工程学会,欧盟理事会汽车排放控制指令,北京:中国汽车技术研究中心出版,2001 年
[24] 张志涌,掌握和精通 MATLAB(第五版)[M],北京:航空航天大学出版社,1997
[25] 达恩.亨塞尔曼,勃鲁司.利特尔费尔特,精通 MATLAB 综合辅导与指南,北京:航空航天大学出版社,2001
[26] 陈怀琛、吴大正、高西全 编著,MATLAB 及在电子信息课程中的应用(第 3 版),北京:电子工业出版社,2002
[27] 张志涌、徐彦琴 等编著,MATLAB 教程——基于 6.X 版本(高等学校通用教材),北京:北京航空航天大学出版社,2000
[28] 李贺冰,袁杰萍,孔霞,Simulink 通信仿真教程,北京:国防工业出版社,2006
[29] 姚俊,马松辉,Simulink 建模与仿真,西安:西安电子科技大学出版社,2002
[30] 李晓珍,刘仁鑫,蒋天弟,不同出油阀对喷油规律影响的试验分析,农机化研究,2003.10:178-179
[31] 陆耀祖,柴油机高压喷油过程的模拟计算,西安建筑科技大学学报, 2001.12:379-382
[32] 高文志,赵 明,贾贵起等,柴油机工作过程模拟计算,小型内燃机与摩托车,2004.6:19-22
[33] 方昌良 张宗杰 杨继红,柴油机喷油参数的优化,华中理工大学学报,2000.8:33-34
[34] 黄礴,柴油机喷油规律的微机测试分析,湖南大学学报,1996.2:85-89
[35] 郭井加,潜伟建,夏志澜,柴油机燃油喷射系统故障的数值模拟计算,海军工程大学学报,2001.2:82-86
[36] 何志霞,李德桃,胡林峰等,柴油机燃油喷射系统模拟计算的发展与分析,内燃机工程 ,2004.2:50-53
[37] Toshiyuki Yoda,Tomoyuki Tsuda,喷油嘴改进对直喷柴油机的影响,内燃机喷射和控制,1999.2:23-31
[2] Taro Aoyama,Jun’ichi Mizuta,Yujiro Oshima,NOx Reduction by Injection Control,SAE 900637
[3] Shigeru Shundoh,The Effect of Injection Parameters and Swirl on Diesel Combustion with High Pressure Fuel Injection,SAE 910489
[4] M.Badami,Influence of Injection Pressure on the Performance of a DI Diesel Engine with a Common Rail Fuel Injection System,SAE 1999-01-0193
[5] 沈祖立,黄见,杨崴等. P7100 型喷油泵的开发研制及优化匹配,一汽无锡油泵油嘴研究所,2002 年 12 月
[6] 高宗英,根据高压油管实测压力计算柴油机喷油过程的一种新方法,内燃机学报,1983.2:73-85
[7] 夏胜枝, 周明, 李希浩, 欧阳明高,电控柴油喷射液力系统的参数优化,清华大学学报,2002 年第 42 卷:80-83
[8] [日]铃木桂三,燃油系统异常喷油量特性的研究.国外油泵油嘴,1983.2:11-20
[9] [德]Augustin U,Schwarz V,喷油泵柱塞处采取液力措施控制喷油量曲线.国外内燃机,1990.3:45-48
[10] 赵致和,柴油机供油系统不规则喷射的原因和消除措施,洛阳工学院学报,1984.2:16-22
[11] [日]前田和幸,米元博明,喷油泵特性对小型船用柴油机性能的影响,国外内燃机,1993.4:15-19
[12] [德]Constien M,Woschni G,Zeilinger K 等,高速柴油机喷油规律的测定,国外内燃机,1993.4:27-33
[13] Tohru Okazaki,Yoichiro Yawata,Jiro Akagi,Komatsu high pressure fuel injection pump "KP21",SAE 901669
[14] C. Arcoumanis,M. Gavaises,M. Yamanishi,J. Oiwa,Application of an FIE computer model to an in-line pump-based injection system for diesel engines,SAE 970348
[15] A. Ishida,T. Kanamoto,S. Kurihara,Improvements of exhaust gas emissions and cold startability of heavy duty diesel engines by new injection-rate-control pump,SAE 861236
[16] Reinhard Doell,Klaus-Christoph Harms,Paul Henderson,Fred McLeod,A new approach to assess the accuracy of service timing devices for injection pumps of diesel engines,SAE 1999-01-0823
[17] Gerhard Stumpp,Wilhelm Polach,N. Muller,J. Warga,Fuel-injection equipment for heavy duty diesel engines for U.S. 1991/1994 emission limits,SAE 890851
[18] D. A. Nehmer,R. D. Reitz,Measurement of the effect of injection rate and split injections on diesel engine soot and NOx emissions,SAE 940668
[19] D. T. Montgomery,R. D. Reitz,Effects of multiple injections and flexible control of boost and EGR on emissions and fuel consumption of a heavy-duty diesel engine,SAE 2001-01-0195
[20] O.Bunes,P.M.Einang,Comparing the performance of the common rail fuel injection system with the traditional injection system using computer aided modelling and simulation,MARINTEK paper at ENSUS 2000,International Conference on Maring Science and Technology for Environmental Sustainability, Newcastle, September 2000
[21] J. R. Needham,M. P. May,D. M. Doyle etc. injection timing and rate control solution for low emissions, SAE 900854
[22] Breda Kegl, An improved mathematical model of conventional FIE processes, SAE 950079
[23] 中国汽车工程学会,欧盟理事会汽车排放控制指令,北京:中国汽车技术研究中心出版,2001 年
[24] 张志涌,掌握和精通 MATLAB(第五版)[M],北京:航空航天大学出版社,1997
[25] 达恩.亨塞尔曼,勃鲁司.利特尔费尔特,精通 MATLAB 综合辅导与指南,北京:航空航天大学出版社,2001
[26] 陈怀琛、吴大正、高西全 编著,MATLAB 及在电子信息课程中的应用(第 3 版),北京:电子工业出版社,2002
[27] 张志涌、徐彦琴 等编著,MATLAB 教程——基于 6.X 版本(高等学校通用教材),北京:北京航空航天大学出版社,2000
[28] 李贺冰,袁杰萍,孔霞,Simulink 通信仿真教程,北京:国防工业出版社,2006
[29] 姚俊,马松辉,Simulink 建模与仿真,西安:西安电子科技大学出版社,2002
[30] 李晓珍,刘仁鑫,蒋天弟,不同出油阀对喷油规律影响的试验分析,农机化研究,2003.10:178-179
[31] 陆耀祖,柴油机高压喷油过程的模拟计算,西安建筑科技大学学报, 2001.12:379-382
[32] 高文志,赵 明,贾贵起等,柴油机工作过程模拟计算,小型内燃机与摩托车,2004.6:19-22
[33] 方昌良 张宗杰 杨继红,柴油机喷油参数的优化,华中理工大学学报,2000.8:33-34
[34] 黄礴,柴油机喷油规律的微机测试分析,湖南大学学报,1996.2:85-89
[35] 郭井加,潜伟建,夏志澜,柴油机燃油喷射系统故障的数值模拟计算,海军工程大学学报,2001.2:82-86
[36] 何志霞,李德桃,胡林峰等,柴油机燃油喷射系统模拟计算的发展与分析,内燃机工程 ,2004.2:50-53
[37] Toshiyuki Yoda,Tomoyuki Tsuda,喷油嘴改进对直喷柴油机的影响,内燃机喷射和控制,1999.2:23-31