TLD和TMD减震的优化设计方法及应用
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摘要
调谐液体阻尼器(Tuned Liquid Damper ,TLD)作为一种低造价高性能的被动减震装置,是土木工程抗震领域的研究热点之一。由于地震荷载以及TLD减震机理的复杂性,结构TLD减震设计理论及方法中仍有许多问题急待完善。调谐质量阻尼器(Tuned Mass Damper ,TMD)是高层建筑与高耸结构震动控制中应用最早的结构被动控制装置之一。因此,TMD系统较早得到结构工程专家的认可,被用来控制结构的风振和地震反应。为此,本文以浅水TLD作为分析对象,在明确其减震基本原理的基础上,研究了TLD减震的实用设计方法及工程应用,并且着重研究TLD和TMD混合系统在减震方面的设计方法及其工程应用。主要的工作内容包括:
(1)分别建立TLD系统和TMD系统的运动方程,并且通过分析建立了TLD和TMD混合系统的运动方程。
(2)通过研究,给出TLD系统和TMD系统的影响参数,通过对比,确定这些参数对结构减震的作用。
(3)以结构模态在安装TLD后仍近似正交的假定为前提,采用模态叠加思想,将结构多模态TLD减震控制简化为一组单自由度结构的TLD减震控制问题。通过对单自由度结构-TLD系统的减震机理研究及数值分析,提出了实用的TLD参数优化设计方法,同时给出了最优TLD -结构系统等效阻尼比计算方法。算例分析表明,TLD实用设计方法适用于结构TLD减震分析,且方法简明,有利于工程应用。
(4)为了发挥TLD低价高能的优点,提出了TLD与TMD混合控制的结构减震方案。算例分析表明,混合控制方案适用于高层结构,在整体控制过程中,充分发挥了TLD的减震作用,达到了减震性能高、造价低的结构抗震设计目标。
(5)以某工程实例为背景,给出了TLD和TMD系统减震优化设计的具体实现过程。
(6)总结了本研究的成果与意义,提出了有待进一步研究和解决的问题。
The tuned liquid damper (TLD) is a type of passive control devices with its advantages of low cost and high performances. It is one of the study focuses on the field of aseismic research for civil engineering. Because of the complexity of earthquake loading and the principles of TLD, there are still many problems of the theories and design methods of TLD being to be solved urgently using for suppressing seismic responses of structures. TMD is the one of earliest structure passive control devices to be applied for withstanding the high-rise construction tall and erect in the structure vibration control. Therefore, the TMD system obtains the structural engineering expert's approval early, used for control the wind vibration and the earthquake responded of the structure. So, TLD filled with shallow water is analyzed. The emphasis on this dissertation is studying the optimal design method of TLD and TMD its application for practical engineering. The main achievements are described as follows.
(1)Establishes the dynamic equation of the TLD system and the TMD system separately, and this paper has established the dynamic equation of the TLD and the TMD hybrid system through the analysis.
(2) Through the study, gives the TLD system and the TMD system's influence parameter, by means of the contrast, makes certain these parameters to the structural damping function.
(3) Based on the assumption of the decoupling of structure’s mode, the problem of multiple-degree- of - freedom ( MDOF ) -TLD system is simplified to a set of single-degree - of -freedom ( SDOF) - TLD system problems by the method of mode superposition . The practical optimal design methods of TLD for SDOF system are put forward through studying the aseismic principles of SDOF-TLD system. Meanwhile, the methods to assess the equivalent damping ratio of SDOF-TLD system is given too. Numerical examples show that the optimal design method can be applied to the analysis of TLD for suppressing seismic responses of structures.
(4) The hybrid control scheme of TLD and TMD is studied. Numerical analysis shows that hybrid control method has the satisfied control performance and is applicable to the tall buildings. Meanwhile, it can save the cost of engineering.
(5) The detail of TLD’s optimal design for practical structures is described by the analysis of a practical engineering.
(6) Summarized the research results in this thesis. The unsolved problems and further research work are mentioned.
(1)分别建立TLD系统和TMD系统的运动方程,并且通过分析建立了TLD和TMD混合系统的运动方程。
(2)通过研究,给出TLD系统和TMD系统的影响参数,通过对比,确定这些参数对结构减震的作用。
(3)以结构模态在安装TLD后仍近似正交的假定为前提,采用模态叠加思想,将结构多模态TLD减震控制简化为一组单自由度结构的TLD减震控制问题。通过对单自由度结构-TLD系统的减震机理研究及数值分析,提出了实用的TLD参数优化设计方法,同时给出了最优TLD -结构系统等效阻尼比计算方法。算例分析表明,TLD实用设计方法适用于结构TLD减震分析,且方法简明,有利于工程应用。
(4)为了发挥TLD低价高能的优点,提出了TLD与TMD混合控制的结构减震方案。算例分析表明,混合控制方案适用于高层结构,在整体控制过程中,充分发挥了TLD的减震作用,达到了减震性能高、造价低的结构抗震设计目标。
(5)以某工程实例为背景,给出了TLD和TMD系统减震优化设计的具体实现过程。
(6)总结了本研究的成果与意义,提出了有待进一步研究和解决的问题。
The tuned liquid damper (TLD) is a type of passive control devices with its advantages of low cost and high performances. It is one of the study focuses on the field of aseismic research for civil engineering. Because of the complexity of earthquake loading and the principles of TLD, there are still many problems of the theories and design methods of TLD being to be solved urgently using for suppressing seismic responses of structures. TMD is the one of earliest structure passive control devices to be applied for withstanding the high-rise construction tall and erect in the structure vibration control. Therefore, the TMD system obtains the structural engineering expert's approval early, used for control the wind vibration and the earthquake responded of the structure. So, TLD filled with shallow water is analyzed. The emphasis on this dissertation is studying the optimal design method of TLD and TMD its application for practical engineering. The main achievements are described as follows.
(1)Establishes the dynamic equation of the TLD system and the TMD system separately, and this paper has established the dynamic equation of the TLD and the TMD hybrid system through the analysis.
(2) Through the study, gives the TLD system and the TMD system's influence parameter, by means of the contrast, makes certain these parameters to the structural damping function.
(3) Based on the assumption of the decoupling of structure’s mode, the problem of multiple-degree- of - freedom ( MDOF ) -TLD system is simplified to a set of single-degree - of -freedom ( SDOF) - TLD system problems by the method of mode superposition . The practical optimal design methods of TLD for SDOF system are put forward through studying the aseismic principles of SDOF-TLD system. Meanwhile, the methods to assess the equivalent damping ratio of SDOF-TLD system is given too. Numerical examples show that the optimal design method can be applied to the analysis of TLD for suppressing seismic responses of structures.
(4) The hybrid control scheme of TLD and TMD is studied. Numerical analysis shows that hybrid control method has the satisfied control performance and is applicable to the tall buildings. Meanwhile, it can save the cost of engineering.
(5) The detail of TLD’s optimal design for practical structures is described by the analysis of a practical engineering.
(6) Summarized the research results in this thesis. The unsolved problems and further research work are mentioned.
引文
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[2]欧进萍.结构振动控制[M].北京,科学出版社,2003.
[3]周福霖.工程结构减震控制[M].北京,地震出版社,1997.
[4]辛宇翔,楼梦麟,陈根达.结构混合耗能控制研究[J].同济大学学报(自然科学版),2004,32(3):286-290.
[5] Jae-Seung Hwang, Jinkoo Kim, , Young-Moon Kim, Rotational inertia dampers with toggle bracing for vibration control of a building structure[J]. Engineering Structures,2007,29:1201-1208.
[6] Andrea Mordini, Alfred Strauss, An innovative earthquake isolation system using fibre reinforced rubber bearings[J]. Engineering Structures,2008,30:2739-2751.
[7] Chen G and Wu J-N, Experimental study on multiple tuned mass dampers to reduce seismic response of a three-storey building structure[J]. Earthquake Engineering & Structural Dynamics,2003,57(5):855-861.
[8] G. Barone, G. Navarra, A. Pirrotta, Probabilistic response of linear structures equipped with nonlinear damper devices (PIS method) [J]. Probabilistic Engineering Mechanics,2008,23:125-133.
[9] Shakeel Ahmad, Farrukh Ghani, Md. Raghib Adil, Seismic friction base isolation performance using demolished waste in masonry housing[J]. Construction and Building Materials,2009,23:146-152.
[10] Takewak I, Frequency domain model analysis of earthquake input energy to highly damper passive control structures[J]. Earthquake Engineering and Structural Dynamics,2004,33:575-590.
[11]杨林,周锡元,王东炜.FPS摩擦摆隔震体系振动台试验研究与理论分析[J].特种结构,2005,22(4):43-46.
[12] Wakahara T, Wind-induced response of TLD-structure coupled system considering nonlinearity of liquid motion[J].Shimizu Tech Res Bull,1993,12:41-52.
[13]项海帆,瞿伟廉.高层建筑风振控制基于规范的实用设计方法[J].振动工程学报,1999,12(2):151-156.
[14] Jenn-Shin Hwang, Chun-Hsiang Tsai, Shiang-Jung Wang, Yin-Nan Huang, Experimental study of RC building structures with supplemental viscous dampers and lightly reinforced walls[J]. Engineering Structures,2006,28:1816-1824.
[15]杨林,常永平,周锡元,闫维明. FPS隔震体系振动台试验与有限元模型对比分析[J].建筑结构学报,2008,29(4):66-72.
[16]李宏男,李瀛,李钢.地震作用下建筑结构的分散控制研究[J].土木工程学报,2008, 41(9):27-33.
[17] Tamura Y, Kohsaka R, Nakamura O, Modi V.J, Wind-induced response of an airport tower-efficiency of tuned liquid damper[J]. Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics,1996,Volume65(1):121-131.
[18] Vladimir Graizer, Erol Kalkan, Response of pendulums to complex input ground motion [J]. Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering,2008,28:621-631.
[19]宗刚,楼梦麟.混合被动控制优化设计及性能研究[J].地震工程与工程振动,2007,27(4):127-132. Zong Gang, Lou Menglin. Study on optimal design and performance of hybrid passive control [J]. Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration,2007,27(4):127-132.
[20] Lyan-Ywan Lu, Lap-Loi Chung, Lai-Yun Wu, Ging-Long Lin. Dynamic analysis of structures with friction devices using discrete-time state-space formulation[J]. Computers and Structures,2006,84:1049-1071.
[21] Yasser E. Ibrahima, Justin Marshall, Finley A. Charney, A visco-plastic device for seismic protection of structures[J]. Journal of Constructional Steel Research,2007,63:1515-1528.
[22]苏经宇,曾德民.我国建筑结构隔震技术的研究与应用[J].地震工程与工程振动,2001,21(4):94-101.
[23]刘季,周云.结构抗震控制的研究与应用状况[J].哈尔滨建筑大学学报,1995,28(4):1-10.
[24]赵鸿铁,徐赵东,张兴虎.耗能减震控制的研究、应用与发展[J].西安建筑科技大学学报,2001,33(1):5-8.
[25] Kyung-Won Min, Hyoung-Seop Kim, Sang-Hyun Lee, Hongjin Kim, Sang Kyung Ahn.Performance evalution of tuned liquid column dampers for response control of a 76-story benchmark building [J].2005,27:1101-1112.
[26]王肇民.电视塔结构TMD风振控制研究与设计[J].建筑结构学报,1994,(5):2-13.
[27] Yao J.T.P, Concept of Structure Control[J]. Journal of the Structural Division(ASCE),1972,98(ST 7):1567-1574.
[28] Emiliano Matta, Alessandro De Stefano. Seismic performance of pendulum and translational roof-garden TMDs [J].Mechanical Systems and Signal Processing,2009,23:908-921.
[29]李春祥.土木工程结构振动控制的最佳多重调谐质量阻尼器模型[J].四川建筑科学研究,2004,30(1):99-102.
[30] Luft R.W, Optimal tuned mass dampers for buildings[J].Journal of the Structural Division(ASCE),1979,105(12):2766-2772.
[31] Abe M and Fujino Y, Dynamic characterization of multiple tuned mass dampers and some design formulas[J].Earthquake Engineering and StructuralDynamics,1994,23:813-835.
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