无线城域网休眠节能算法研究
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摘要
无线城域网根据是否支持移动性,可以分为固定宽带无线接入空中接口标准和移动宽带无线接入空中标准。为了减少移动终端的功率消耗,尽量减少基站空中接口的使用,移动式标准IEEE 802.16e提出了休眠模式和空闲模式。针对不同类型的业务,协议中定义了三种不同的休眠模式,每种休眠模式具有不同的休眠参数。
针对第一类休眠模式,802.16e建议了一种基于二倍指数递增的休眠增长算法,但在低业务量的情况下,指数增长会使休眠间隔迅速增长,导致数据帧等待时间将过长,影响业务的服务质量。为此,在基于指数增长与线性增长等休眠间隔增长算法的研究基础上,论文在流量呈现泊松分布情况下对算法进行了改进,提出了一种基于幂函数增长的休眠算法,通过MATLAB实验验证了该算法,较之指数增长算法和线性增长算法在低业务的情况下,取得了较好的性能表现。同时通过实验说明了各个参数对性能的影响。
大部分休眠模式算法及性能的研究工作中,经常假设包的到达过程服从泊松分布,但是根据大量研究与实验表明,数据包的到达过程服从自相似分布。故本论文还将根据自相似分布理论,提出了二倍指数递减的休眠算法。首先通过现有研究构建自相似流量,同时建立休眠模型,然后使用模拟仿真软件OPNET在泊松流和自相似流时分别使用二倍指数递增休眠算法和二倍指数递减休眠算法进行性能比较。通过实验发现,采用二倍指数递减的算法,在牺牲一定时延时能节约更多的能量。最后,结合三种休眠模式以及不同的算法,根据不同的业务情况,论文提出一个统一的公式总结了休眠算法。
WiMAX can be divided into fixed broadband wireless access air interface standard and mobile broadband wireless access air standard based on whether it supports mobility or not. In order to reduce the MS power consumption and the number of access base station interface, IEEE 802.16e proposed the sleep mode and the idle mode. For different types of business, the protocol defines three different sleep patterns, and each mode has its own power parameters.
This paper studies the first sleep mode. The protocol IEEE802.16e provides the minimum sleep interval parameter and maximum parameter by double-index-increase algorithm. But in the low-business situation, the response time would be too long, which affects the quality of service. To address this issue, based on double-index-increase and linear-growth algorithm this paper proposes Power-function growth sleep algorithm based on the traditional Poisson distribution. We tested the algorithm with the help of MATLAB. Better performances achieved compared to the double-index-increase algorithm and linear-growth algorithm in the case of low business. Experiments also show the impact various parameters have on performance.
We often assume that packet arrival process follows Poisson distribution, but numerous studies and experiments show that the packet arrival process subject to self-similar distribution. Therefore, according to the distribution of self-similarity theory, this paper proposes a double-index-decrease sleep algorithm. Firstly, by theoretical analysis build model, and then use the simulation software OPNET to conduct simulation test at different flow, such as Poisson stream flow and self-similarity flow. Experimental results show that the algorithm using double-index-decrease, at the expense of a certain time delay can save much more energy. At last, papers makes a conclusion formula under different circumstances.
针对第一类休眠模式,802.16e建议了一种基于二倍指数递增的休眠增长算法,但在低业务量的情况下,指数增长会使休眠间隔迅速增长,导致数据帧等待时间将过长,影响业务的服务质量。为此,在基于指数增长与线性增长等休眠间隔增长算法的研究基础上,论文在流量呈现泊松分布情况下对算法进行了改进,提出了一种基于幂函数增长的休眠算法,通过MATLAB实验验证了该算法,较之指数增长算法和线性增长算法在低业务的情况下,取得了较好的性能表现。同时通过实验说明了各个参数对性能的影响。
大部分休眠模式算法及性能的研究工作中,经常假设包的到达过程服从泊松分布,但是根据大量研究与实验表明,数据包的到达过程服从自相似分布。故本论文还将根据自相似分布理论,提出了二倍指数递减的休眠算法。首先通过现有研究构建自相似流量,同时建立休眠模型,然后使用模拟仿真软件OPNET在泊松流和自相似流时分别使用二倍指数递增休眠算法和二倍指数递减休眠算法进行性能比较。通过实验发现,采用二倍指数递减的算法,在牺牲一定时延时能节约更多的能量。最后,结合三种休眠模式以及不同的算法,根据不同的业务情况,论文提出一个统一的公式总结了休眠算法。
WiMAX can be divided into fixed broadband wireless access air interface standard and mobile broadband wireless access air standard based on whether it supports mobility or not. In order to reduce the MS power consumption and the number of access base station interface, IEEE 802.16e proposed the sleep mode and the idle mode. For different types of business, the protocol defines three different sleep patterns, and each mode has its own power parameters.
This paper studies the first sleep mode. The protocol IEEE802.16e provides the minimum sleep interval parameter and maximum parameter by double-index-increase algorithm. But in the low-business situation, the response time would be too long, which affects the quality of service. To address this issue, based on double-index-increase and linear-growth algorithm this paper proposes Power-function growth sleep algorithm based on the traditional Poisson distribution. We tested the algorithm with the help of MATLAB. Better performances achieved compared to the double-index-increase algorithm and linear-growth algorithm in the case of low business. Experiments also show the impact various parameters have on performance.
We often assume that packet arrival process follows Poisson distribution, but numerous studies and experiments show that the packet arrival process subject to self-similar distribution. Therefore, according to the distribution of self-similarity theory, this paper proposes a double-index-decrease sleep algorithm. Firstly, by theoretical analysis build model, and then use the simulation software OPNET to conduct simulation test at different flow, such as Poisson stream flow and self-similarity flow. Experimental results show that the algorithm using double-index-decrease, at the expense of a certain time delay can save much more energy. At last, papers makes a conclusion formula under different circumstances.
引文
[1]IEEE 802.16-2001.IEEE Standard for Local and Metropolitan Area Networks. Part 16:A ir Interface for Fixed Broadband Wireless Access Systems. Arp.2002, 1600-1800
[2]IEEE 802.16-2004.IEEE Standard for Local and Metropolitan Area Networks Part 16:A ir Interface for Fixed Broadband Wireless Access Systems.Oct.2004, 1580-1820
[3]IEEE 802.16-2005. IEEE Standard for Local and Metropolitan Area Networks Part 16:A ir Interface for Fixed Broadband Wireless Access Systems. Oct.2005, 1900-2102
[4]Yang Xiao. Energy saving mechanism in the IEEE 802.16e wireless MAN. IEEE Communications Letters,2005,9(7):332-340
[5]Ronny Krashinsky, Haft Balakrishnan. Minimizing Energy for Wireless-Web Access with Bounded Slowdown. in Proc.ACM MobiCom,2002,119-130
[6]Jyh-Cheng Chen,Sivalingam,K.M.Agrawal,P.Kishore. A comparison of MAC Protocols for wireless local networks based on battery power consumption. in INFOCOM 98.Seventeenth Annual Joint Conference of the IEEE Computer and Communications Societies.Proceedings,150-157
[7]C.E.Jones,K.M.Sivalingam,P.Agrawal, J.C.Chen. A survey of energy efficient network protocols for wireless networks. Wireless Networks,7(4)July,2001, 343-358
[8]Apostolis K.Salkintzis,Christodoulos Chamzas. An In-Band Power-Saving Protocol for Mobile Data Networks. IEEE Trans IONS ON Communtcation, Vol 46,NO.9,1998,1194-1205
[9]Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers,802.11, Part 11:Wireless LAN Medium Access Control (MAC) and Physical Layer (PHY) Specifications.
[10]M. Stemm etal. Measuring and reducing energy consumption of network interfaces in hand-held devices, in Proc. MoMuC-3, Princeton, NJ, Sept,1996
[11]Apostolis K. Salkinzis. An in-band power-saving protocol for mobile data networks. IEEE Trans. Commun,1998,46:1194-1205
[12]Apostolic K. Salkintzis. An out band paging protocol for energy-efficient mobile communications. IEEE Trans On Broadcasting,2002,246-256
[13]Zhang Y., Fujise M. Energy management in the IEEE802.16e MAC. IEEE Commun. Lett,2006,10, (4):311-313
[14]刘利,李津生,洪佩琳.IEEE 802.16e休眠模式算法的研究和改进.计算机学报,2007,1(30)：146-152
[15]G. Anastasi, A.Bacioccola, Cicconetti, L.Lenzini, E.Mingozzi, Carlo Vallati. Performance Evaluation of Power Management for Best Effort Applications in IEEE 802.16 Networks. IEEE Communications Letters,2008,912-918
[16]K. Han, S. Choi. Performance analysis of sleep mode operation in IEEE 802.16e mobile broadband wireless access systems. In Proc. of IEEE VTC 2006-Spring, volume 3, Melbourne, Australia, May 2006,1141-1145
[17]Y. Xiao. Performance analysis of an energy saving mechanism in the IEEE 802.16e wireless MAN. In Proc. of IEEE CCNC 2006, volume 1, January 2006, 406-410
[18]曹永绍,张春业,徐文静,马树皓.IEEE802.16eMAC层能量控制机制的研究.电器电子学报,2007,6(3)：58-61
[19]N. H. Lee, S. Bahk. MAC sleep mode control considering downlink traffic pattern and mobility. Proc of VTC 2005-Spring,2005,2076-2080
[20]D. G. Jeong, W. S. Jeon. Performance of Adaptive Sleep Period Control for Wireless Communications Systems.IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communica-tions,2006,1(5):3012-3016
[21]Jaehyuk Jang,Kwanghun Hant,Sunghyun Choi.Adaptive Power Saving Strategies for IEEE802.16e Mobile Broadband Wireless Access. IEEE 2006,1-5
[22]Yan Zhang,Masayuki Fujise. Energy Management in the IEEE 802.16e MAC. IEEE Communications Letters, Vol.10, NO.4, APRIL 2006,311-313
[23]Kwanghun Han, Sunghyun Choi. Performance Analysis of Sleep Mode Operation in IEEE802.16e Mobile Broadband Wireless Access Systems. IEEE 2006,1141-1145
[24]Yin Ge, Geng-Sheng (G.S.).An Efficient Sleep Mode Management Scheme in IEEE 802.16e Networks. IEEE Communications Society subject matter experts for publication in the ICC 2007,5957-5962
[25]FangminXuI, WeiZhong, ZhengZhou. A Novel Adaptive Enegerg Saving Modle In IEEE802.16e System. IEEE 2007,2004-2010
[26]Omanand Jha Vatsa, Mayank Raj, Ritesh Kumar K, Deepak Panigrahy, Debabrata Das. Adaptive Power Saving Algorithm for Mobile Subscribler Station in 802.16e. IEEE,2007,1-7
[27]Woo Jin Jung, Hyung Joo Ki, Tae-Jin Lee, Min Young Chung. Adaptive Sleep Mode Algorithm in IEEE 802.16e. Proceedings of Asia-Pacific Conference on Communications,2007,483-486
[28]Khyati Sanghvi, Piyush Kumar Jain, Abhijit Lele, Debabrata Das. Adaptive Waiting Time Threshold Estimation Algorithm for Power Saving in Sleep Mode of IEEE802.16e. IEEE 2008,334-340
[29]Shengqing Zhu, Tianlei Wang. Enhanced Power Effecient Sleep Mode Operation for IEEE 802.16e Based WiMAX. IEEE 2007,261-272
[30]Jung-Ryun Lee, Dong-Ho Cho. Performance Evaluation of Energy-Saving Mechanism Based on Probabilistic Sleep. Interval Decision Algorithm in IEEE 802.16e.IEEE 2007, (7):1173-1180
[31]Min-Gon Kim, JungYul Choi,Minho Kang.Adaptive Power Saving Mechanism Considering the Request Period of Each Initiation of Awakening in the IEEE 802.16e System.IEEE 2008,106-108
[32]Reuven Cohen, Liran Katzir, Romeo Rizzi. On the Trade-Off between Energy and Multicast Efficiency in 802.16e-Like Mobile Networks. IEEE Trans on Mobile Computiont, VOL.7, NO.3, MARCH 2008,346-357
[33]E. Hwang, K. J. Kim, J. J. Son, and B. D. Choi. The power saving mechaniswith binary exponential traffic indications in the IEEE 802.16e/m. Queueing Syst, 2009,62(3):197-227
[34]Y. Zhang, Y. Xiao, V. C. M. Leung. Energy management analysis and enhancement in IEEE 802.16e wireless MAN. IEEE Trans. Veh Technol,2009, 58(7):3738-3752
[35]Eunju Hwang, Kyung Jae Kim, Jung Je Son, Bong Dae Choi. The Power-Saving Mechanism With Periodic Traffic Indications in the IEEE 802.16e/m. IEEE Trans on Vehicular Technology,2010,59(1):319-335
[36]Langen doen Koen, Halkes Gertjan. Energy efficient medium access control. http://www.isa.ewi.tudelft.nl/oen/papers/MAC.chapter. pdf,2005-07-07
[37]薛建彬,朱延峰,袁占亭.一种适配数据速率的IEEE 802.16e休眠机制算法.吉林大学学报,2009,3：154-158
[38]N. Mohammad Pour Nejatian, M.M. Nayebi. Evaluating the Effect of Effect of non-Poisson Traffic Patterns on Power Consumption of Sleep Mode in the IEEE802.16e MAC. IEEE2007, (7):4244-4248
[39]J. Almhana, Z. Liu,C. Li,R. McGorman. Traffic Estimation and Power Saving Mechanism Optimization of IEEE 802.16e Networks. IEEE Communications Society subject matter experts for publication in the ICC 2008,322-326
[40]Danzig P,Jamin S,Caceres R. An empirical workload model for driving wide area TCP/IP network simulations Internet working. Research & Experience 1992,3(1): 1-26
[41]Hlavacsh, Kotsisg, Steinkllerc. Traffic Source Moding. University of Vienna: Technical Report No. TR-99101, Institute for Appl Comp Science and Inf Systems
[42]Chia-Yen Lin, Hsi-Lu Chao. Energy-Saving Scheduling in IEEE 802.16e. Networks. IEEE 2008,130-135
[43]Sang-Wook Kwon, Dong-Ho Cho. Enhanced Power Saving Through Increasing Unavailability Interval in the IEEE802.16e Systems. IEEE Communications Letter, proceedings,2010,14(1):24-26
[44]Yang xiao,Hui chen, Xiao jiang Du, Mohsen Guizani. Paging Schemes Performa-ce for Wireless Systems. IEEE proceedings,2007,5260-5264
[45]Shantidev Mchanty, Muthaiah Venkatachalam, XiangYing Yang. A Novel Algorithm for Efficient Paging in Mobile WiMAX. IEEE Globecom proceedings, 2007,48-53
[46]Aln R, Routhier S Packet trams.Measurements and a Flew model for computer network traffic.IEEE Joural On Setected Areas in Commurfications,1986, 4(6):986-995
[47]Gusella R. A Measurement study of diskless workstation traffic On an Ethernet.IEEE Trans on Communication,1990,38(9):1557-1568
[48]Fowler H J, Leland W E.Locat area network traffic characteristics with imptications for broadband network congestion management. IEEE Jourml on Selected Areas in Communication.1991,9:1139-1149
[49]Danzig P, Jamin S, Caceres R. An empirical workload model for driving wide area TCP/IP network simulations Internet working. Research & Experience 1992, 3(1):1-26
[50]Hlavcsh, Kotsisg, Steinkellerc. Traffic Source Moding. University of Vienna: Technical Report No. TR-99101, Institute for Appl Comp Science and Inf Systems
[51]刘波,安娜,黄旭林.WiMAX技术与应用详解.人民邮电出版社,2005,42-61
[52]Jee-Hyeon Na, Yun Won Chung, HyunSuk Noh, Sangho Lee, and Sang-ha Kim. Two Alternative Registration and Paging Schemes for Supporting Idle Mode in IEEE 802.16e Wireless MAN. IEEE 2006,1-5
[53]董小鲁,党梅梅,沈嘉.WiMAX技术、标准与应用.人民邮电出版社,2005,155-168
[54]Cameisch J.Efficient and generailize group signatures. Advances in Cryptology Eurocry.1997, Volume 1233 of Lecture Notes in Computer Science, Springer Verlag,1997,465-479
[55]B. B. Mandelbrot. Long-run linearity, locally Gaussian processes, H-spectra and infinite variance. Int. Economic Rev,1969,10:82-113
[56]Letand W E.Taqqu M, Willinger Wal. On the self similar nature of Ethernet traffic. (extended version) IEEE/ACM Trans On Networking 1994,2(1):1-15
[57]Lambda Mark E Crovella, Azer Bestavaros. Self-similarity in world wide web traffic:ecidence and possible causes. Proc. of the 1996 ACM Sigmentrics Intel Confence on Measurement and Modeling of Computer System,1996,835-846
[58]施建俊,诸鸿文.Pareto分布在TELNET客户端流量建模中的应用.计算机研究与发展,2006,6：836-839
[2]IEEE 802.16-2004.IEEE Standard for Local and Metropolitan Area Networks Part 16:A ir Interface for Fixed Broadband Wireless Access Systems.Oct.2004, 1580-1820
[3]IEEE 802.16-2005. IEEE Standard for Local and Metropolitan Area Networks Part 16:A ir Interface for Fixed Broadband Wireless Access Systems. Oct.2005, 1900-2102
[4]Yang Xiao. Energy saving mechanism in the IEEE 802.16e wireless MAN. IEEE Communications Letters,2005,9(7):332-340
[5]Ronny Krashinsky, Haft Balakrishnan. Minimizing Energy for Wireless-Web Access with Bounded Slowdown. in Proc.ACM MobiCom,2002,119-130
[6]Jyh-Cheng Chen,Sivalingam,K.M.Agrawal,P.Kishore. A comparison of MAC Protocols for wireless local networks based on battery power consumption. in INFOCOM 98.Seventeenth Annual Joint Conference of the IEEE Computer and Communications Societies.Proceedings,150-157
[7]C.E.Jones,K.M.Sivalingam,P.Agrawal, J.C.Chen. A survey of energy efficient network protocols for wireless networks. Wireless Networks,7(4)July,2001, 343-358
[8]Apostolis K.Salkintzis,Christodoulos Chamzas. An In-Band Power-Saving Protocol for Mobile Data Networks. IEEE Trans IONS ON Communtcation, Vol 46,NO.9,1998,1194-1205
[9]Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers,802.11, Part 11:Wireless LAN Medium Access Control (MAC) and Physical Layer (PHY) Specifications.
[10]M. Stemm etal. Measuring and reducing energy consumption of network interfaces in hand-held devices, in Proc. MoMuC-3, Princeton, NJ, Sept,1996
[11]Apostolis K. Salkinzis. An in-band power-saving protocol for mobile data networks. IEEE Trans. Commun,1998,46:1194-1205
[12]Apostolic K. Salkintzis. An out band paging protocol for energy-efficient mobile communications. IEEE Trans On Broadcasting,2002,246-256
[13]Zhang Y., Fujise M. Energy management in the IEEE802.16e MAC. IEEE Commun. Lett,2006,10, (4):311-313
[14]刘利,李津生,洪佩琳.IEEE 802.16e休眠模式算法的研究和改进.计算机学报,2007,1(30)：146-152
[15]G. Anastasi, A.Bacioccola, Cicconetti, L.Lenzini, E.Mingozzi, Carlo Vallati. Performance Evaluation of Power Management for Best Effort Applications in IEEE 802.16 Networks. IEEE Communications Letters,2008,912-918
[16]K. Han, S. Choi. Performance analysis of sleep mode operation in IEEE 802.16e mobile broadband wireless access systems. In Proc. of IEEE VTC 2006-Spring, volume 3, Melbourne, Australia, May 2006,1141-1145
[17]Y. Xiao. Performance analysis of an energy saving mechanism in the IEEE 802.16e wireless MAN. In Proc. of IEEE CCNC 2006, volume 1, January 2006, 406-410
[18]曹永绍,张春业,徐文静,马树皓.IEEE802.16eMAC层能量控制机制的研究.电器电子学报,2007,6(3)：58-61
[19]N. H. Lee, S. Bahk. MAC sleep mode control considering downlink traffic pattern and mobility. Proc of VTC 2005-Spring,2005,2076-2080
[20]D. G. Jeong, W. S. Jeon. Performance of Adaptive Sleep Period Control for Wireless Communications Systems.IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communica-tions,2006,1(5):3012-3016
[21]Jaehyuk Jang,Kwanghun Hant,Sunghyun Choi.Adaptive Power Saving Strategies for IEEE802.16e Mobile Broadband Wireless Access. IEEE 2006,1-5
[22]Yan Zhang,Masayuki Fujise. Energy Management in the IEEE 802.16e MAC. IEEE Communications Letters, Vol.10, NO.4, APRIL 2006,311-313
[23]Kwanghun Han, Sunghyun Choi. Performance Analysis of Sleep Mode Operation in IEEE802.16e Mobile Broadband Wireless Access Systems. IEEE 2006,1141-1145
[24]Yin Ge, Geng-Sheng (G.S.).An Efficient Sleep Mode Management Scheme in IEEE 802.16e Networks. IEEE Communications Society subject matter experts for publication in the ICC 2007,5957-5962
[25]FangminXuI, WeiZhong, ZhengZhou. A Novel Adaptive Enegerg Saving Modle In IEEE802.16e System. IEEE 2007,2004-2010
[26]Omanand Jha Vatsa, Mayank Raj, Ritesh Kumar K, Deepak Panigrahy, Debabrata Das. Adaptive Power Saving Algorithm for Mobile Subscribler Station in 802.16e. IEEE,2007,1-7
[27]Woo Jin Jung, Hyung Joo Ki, Tae-Jin Lee, Min Young Chung. Adaptive Sleep Mode Algorithm in IEEE 802.16e. Proceedings of Asia-Pacific Conference on Communications,2007,483-486
[28]Khyati Sanghvi, Piyush Kumar Jain, Abhijit Lele, Debabrata Das. Adaptive Waiting Time Threshold Estimation Algorithm for Power Saving in Sleep Mode of IEEE802.16e. IEEE 2008,334-340
[29]Shengqing Zhu, Tianlei Wang. Enhanced Power Effecient Sleep Mode Operation for IEEE 802.16e Based WiMAX. IEEE 2007,261-272
[30]Jung-Ryun Lee, Dong-Ho Cho. Performance Evaluation of Energy-Saving Mechanism Based on Probabilistic Sleep. Interval Decision Algorithm in IEEE 802.16e.IEEE 2007, (7):1173-1180
[31]Min-Gon Kim, JungYul Choi,Minho Kang.Adaptive Power Saving Mechanism Considering the Request Period of Each Initiation of Awakening in the IEEE 802.16e System.IEEE 2008,106-108
[32]Reuven Cohen, Liran Katzir, Romeo Rizzi. On the Trade-Off between Energy and Multicast Efficiency in 802.16e-Like Mobile Networks. IEEE Trans on Mobile Computiont, VOL.7, NO.3, MARCH 2008,346-357
[33]E. Hwang, K. J. Kim, J. J. Son, and B. D. Choi. The power saving mechaniswith binary exponential traffic indications in the IEEE 802.16e/m. Queueing Syst, 2009,62(3):197-227
[34]Y. Zhang, Y. Xiao, V. C. M. Leung. Energy management analysis and enhancement in IEEE 802.16e wireless MAN. IEEE Trans. Veh Technol,2009, 58(7):3738-3752
[35]Eunju Hwang, Kyung Jae Kim, Jung Je Son, Bong Dae Choi. The Power-Saving Mechanism With Periodic Traffic Indications in the IEEE 802.16e/m. IEEE Trans on Vehicular Technology,2010,59(1):319-335
[36]Langen doen Koen, Halkes Gertjan. Energy efficient medium access control. http://www.isa.ewi.tudelft.nl/oen/papers/MAC.chapter. pdf,2005-07-07
[37]薛建彬,朱延峰,袁占亭.一种适配数据速率的IEEE 802.16e休眠机制算法.吉林大学学报,2009,3：154-158
[38]N. Mohammad Pour Nejatian, M.M. Nayebi. Evaluating the Effect of Effect of non-Poisson Traffic Patterns on Power Consumption of Sleep Mode in the IEEE802.16e MAC. IEEE2007, (7):4244-4248
[39]J. Almhana, Z. Liu,C. Li,R. McGorman. Traffic Estimation and Power Saving Mechanism Optimization of IEEE 802.16e Networks. IEEE Communications Society subject matter experts for publication in the ICC 2008,322-326
[40]Danzig P,Jamin S,Caceres R. An empirical workload model for driving wide area TCP/IP network simulations Internet working. Research & Experience 1992,3(1): 1-26
[41]Hlavacsh, Kotsisg, Steinkllerc. Traffic Source Moding. University of Vienna: Technical Report No. TR-99101, Institute for Appl Comp Science and Inf Systems
[42]Chia-Yen Lin, Hsi-Lu Chao. Energy-Saving Scheduling in IEEE 802.16e. Networks. IEEE 2008,130-135
[43]Sang-Wook Kwon, Dong-Ho Cho. Enhanced Power Saving Through Increasing Unavailability Interval in the IEEE802.16e Systems. IEEE Communications Letter, proceedings,2010,14(1):24-26
[44]Yang xiao,Hui chen, Xiao jiang Du, Mohsen Guizani. Paging Schemes Performa-ce for Wireless Systems. IEEE proceedings,2007,5260-5264
[45]Shantidev Mchanty, Muthaiah Venkatachalam, XiangYing Yang. A Novel Algorithm for Efficient Paging in Mobile WiMAX. IEEE Globecom proceedings, 2007,48-53
[46]Aln R, Routhier S Packet trams.Measurements and a Flew model for computer network traffic.IEEE Joural On Setected Areas in Commurfications,1986, 4(6):986-995
[47]Gusella R. A Measurement study of diskless workstation traffic On an Ethernet.IEEE Trans on Communication,1990,38(9):1557-1568
[48]Fowler H J, Leland W E.Locat area network traffic characteristics with imptications for broadband network congestion management. IEEE Jourml on Selected Areas in Communication.1991,9:1139-1149
[49]Danzig P, Jamin S, Caceres R. An empirical workload model for driving wide area TCP/IP network simulations Internet working. Research & Experience 1992, 3(1):1-26
[50]Hlavcsh, Kotsisg, Steinkellerc. Traffic Source Moding. University of Vienna: Technical Report No. TR-99101, Institute for Appl Comp Science and Inf Systems
[51]刘波,安娜,黄旭林.WiMAX技术与应用详解.人民邮电出版社,2005,42-61
[52]Jee-Hyeon Na, Yun Won Chung, HyunSuk Noh, Sangho Lee, and Sang-ha Kim. Two Alternative Registration and Paging Schemes for Supporting Idle Mode in IEEE 802.16e Wireless MAN. IEEE 2006,1-5
[53]董小鲁,党梅梅,沈嘉.WiMAX技术、标准与应用.人民邮电出版社,2005,155-168
[54]Cameisch J.Efficient and generailize group signatures. Advances in Cryptology Eurocry.1997, Volume 1233 of Lecture Notes in Computer Science, Springer Verlag,1997,465-479
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[56]Letand W E.Taqqu M, Willinger Wal. On the self similar nature of Ethernet traffic. (extended version) IEEE/ACM Trans On Networking 1994,2(1):1-15
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