基于LabVIEW的电力变压器在线状态监测系统的研究
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摘要
电力变压器是整个电网中比较昂贵且非常重要的设备之一,安全运行对整个电网意义重大。目前变压器在线状态监测的方法有:短路电抗法、频率响应分析法、传递函数法、声强法、油样色谱法和振动分析法。其中油样色谱法是目前应用较普遍的方法,但也存在一定的局限性。本文的研究方法是基于振动分析法为前提。
变压器油箱表面的振动主要是由变压器的绕组及铁心振动引起的,通过测量油箱表面的振动信号可以反映绕组及铁心的振动情况,从而判断其工作状态。本文以变压器的绕组和铁心振动进行研究,并辅助研究变压器的电压、电流、温度和开关量,并建立它们之间的相互关系,避免了以往只注重变压器的电气参数的研究,而以研究变压器的机械参数为主并辅助研究电气参数。
为了在线提取运行参数,建立了一套在线状态监测与故障诊断系统,系统包括数据采集终端(即下位机)和上位机软件部分。下位机部分主要完成数据采集和处理,采用WinCE平台下VC编程实现。上位机主要完成数据数据分析、故障判断、系统组态和参数设置等功能,采用LabVIEW软件编写实现。两部分的数据通讯采用RS-232和Ethernet两种方式实现,根据实际需要可以对通讯方式进行扩展。通过实测观察,系统工作正常,但还是需要进一步的进行完善改进,争取早日应用到现场。
本文重点研究上位机部分,利用LabVIEW设计监测软件,并介绍软件各部分的功能,通过实测数据可知软件起到的良好的作用。
Theoretically the winding and core's vibration causes the power transformer tank vibration, the conditions of the winding and core may be diagnosed by analyzing the vibration signal measured from the transformer tank. In this paper, based on the transformer winding and core vibration research, assisting with the parameters of the transformer voltage, current, temperature and switch, and establishes the mutual relations between them. This method studies main on the mechanical parameters and supporting research on the electrical parameters, so that it overcomes the only research on the electrical parameters. The study involves the following aspects: the relation between winding and core vibration and their conditions, how to measure and gain the transformer body's vibration signal accurately, the vibration characteristics of transformer winding and core and their monitoring method, and the transformers condition monitoring and fault diagnosis system.
Power Transformer for vibration signal characteristics, the choice of a suitable vibration sensor, design a charge amplifier output circuit and take the necessary measures, have set up a Transformer online measurement system. The system includes the data collection terminal and the remote PC. The part of data collection terminal can make data collection and data processing. The remote PC can do real-time data monitoring, trend analysis, parameter setting and state judgement. The experimental results show that this vibration monitoring system to meet the requirements of on-line measurement.
This paper studies on the remote PC, and describes the method to design the monitoring system based on the LabVIEW.
变压器油箱表面的振动主要是由变压器的绕组及铁心振动引起的,通过测量油箱表面的振动信号可以反映绕组及铁心的振动情况,从而判断其工作状态。本文以变压器的绕组和铁心振动进行研究,并辅助研究变压器的电压、电流、温度和开关量,并建立它们之间的相互关系,避免了以往只注重变压器的电气参数的研究,而以研究变压器的机械参数为主并辅助研究电气参数。
为了在线提取运行参数,建立了一套在线状态监测与故障诊断系统,系统包括数据采集终端(即下位机)和上位机软件部分。下位机部分主要完成数据采集和处理,采用WinCE平台下VC编程实现。上位机主要完成数据数据分析、故障判断、系统组态和参数设置等功能,采用LabVIEW软件编写实现。两部分的数据通讯采用RS-232和Ethernet两种方式实现,根据实际需要可以对通讯方式进行扩展。通过实测观察,系统工作正常,但还是需要进一步的进行完善改进,争取早日应用到现场。
本文重点研究上位机部分,利用LabVIEW设计监测软件,并介绍软件各部分的功能,通过实测数据可知软件起到的良好的作用。
Theoretically the winding and core's vibration causes the power transformer tank vibration, the conditions of the winding and core may be diagnosed by analyzing the vibration signal measured from the transformer tank. In this paper, based on the transformer winding and core vibration research, assisting with the parameters of the transformer voltage, current, temperature and switch, and establishes the mutual relations between them. This method studies main on the mechanical parameters and supporting research on the electrical parameters, so that it overcomes the only research on the electrical parameters. The study involves the following aspects: the relation between winding and core vibration and their conditions, how to measure and gain the transformer body's vibration signal accurately, the vibration characteristics of transformer winding and core and their monitoring method, and the transformers condition monitoring and fault diagnosis system.
Power Transformer for vibration signal characteristics, the choice of a suitable vibration sensor, design a charge amplifier output circuit and take the necessary measures, have set up a Transformer online measurement system. The system includes the data collection terminal and the remote PC. The part of data collection terminal can make data collection and data processing. The remote PC can do real-time data monitoring, trend analysis, parameter setting and state judgement. The experimental results show that this vibration monitoring system to meet the requirements of on-line measurement.
This paper studies on the remote PC, and describes the method to design the monitoring system based on the LabVIEW.
引文
[1]汲胜昌,变压器绕组与铁心振动特性及其在故障监测中的应用研究[D].西安交通大学,2003.
[2]韩洪刚,王海宽,杨衡,赵义松,张鹏远.电力变压器分接开关故障及其检测技术[J].变压器.2004.12.Vol.41,No.12:35-38.
[3]张燕秉,胡晓岑,杨卫东.组抗法检测电力变压器绕组状况的分析和尝试[J].华北电力技术,1999,No.12:46-49.
[4]诸兵.基于短路电抗分析的变压器绕组变形在线诊断[D].西南交通大学.2004.
[5]Qian Suxiang,Jiao Weidong,Hu Hongsheng,and Yan Gongbiao.Transformer Power Fault Diagnosis System Design Based on the HMM Method[J].Proceeding Conference on Automation and Logistics.pp.1077-1082,2007.
[6]唐纲.频响法分析变压器绕组变形[D].西华大学.2006.
[7]Mark Stace,Syed M Islam.,Condition Monitoring of Power Transformers in the Australian State of New South Wales Using Transfer Function Measurements[J].Proceedings of the 5~(th)International Conference on Properties and Applications of Dielectric Materials.pp.248-251,1997.
[8]T.Leibfried,and K.Feser.Monitoring of Power Transformers using the Transfer Function Method[J].IEEE.pp.1046-1049,1998.
[9]T.Leibfried,and K.Feser.Off-line- and On-line-Monitoring of Power Transformers using the Transfer Function Method[J].Conference Record of the 1996 IEEE International Symposium on Electrical Insulation.pp.34-37,1996.
[10]汲胜昌,刘味国,单平,李彦明,徐大可.变压器铁心及绕组状况的振动测试系统[J].高电压技术.2000.12.Vol.26,No.6:1-3.
[11]汲胜昌,周冬生,陈锦,李彦明,孙强.空载变压器油箱表面振动信号的初步研究[J].高电压技术.2004.8.Vol.30,No.8:30-32.
[12]王世山,汲胜昌,李彦明.利用振动法进行变压器在线监测的应用研究[J].变压器.2002.9.Vol.39,No.S1:73-76.
[13]汲胜昌,刘味果,单平,李彦明.小波分析法在振动监测变压器铁芯及绕组状况中的应用[J].中国电机工程学报.2001.12.Vol.21,No.12:24-27.
[14]汲胜昌,程锦,李彦明.油浸式电力变压器绕组与铁心振动特性研究[J].西安交通大学学报.2005.6.Vol.39,No.6:616-619.
[15]徐大可,汲胜昌,李彦明.变压器绕组变形在线监测的理论研究[J].高电压技术.2000.Vol.26,No.3:16-18.
[16]王洪方,王庆生,李同生.大型电力变压器绕组轴向稳定性问题的研究状况[J].电网技术.1999.4.Vol.23,No.4:8-10.
[17]王世山,汲胜昌,李彦明.电缆绕组变压器短路时线圈轴向稳定性的研究[J].中国电机工程学报.2004.2.Vol.24,No.2:166-170.
[18]汲胜昌,王俊德,李彦明.稳态条件下变压器绕组轴向振动特性研究[J].电工电能新技术.2006.1.Vol.25,No.1:35-38.
[19]汲胜昌,李彦明.变压器负载条件下提取铁心振动信号基频成分方法的研究[J].电工电能新技术,2003,Vol.22,No.2:64-68.
[20]刘昌玉,孔杰.以太网通讯在变压器状态监测系统中的应用[J].仪表技术与传感器.2007.2.23.24.30.
[21]Francisco Poza,Perfecto Marino,Santiago Otero,Femando Machado.Programmable Electronic Instrument for Condition Monitoring of In-Service Power Transformers[J].IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement,VOL.55,NO.2,pp.625-634,2006.
[22]林凯,何川,毛乐山.基于LabVIEW的多通道振动测试与分析系统[J].清华大学学报(自然科学版).2003,Vol.43,No.5:659-661,665.
[23]何振动.基于LabVIEW平台变压器故障状态监测系统开发与研究[D].广西大学.2006.
[24]P.Kang,and D.Birtwhistle,Condition monitoring of power transformer on-load tap-changers,part 1:Automatic condition diagnostics[J],IEE Proc-Gener.Transn.Distrib.Vol.148,No.4,pp.301-306,2001.
[25]P.Kang,and D.Birtwhistle,Condition monitoring of power transformer on-load tap-changers.Part 2:Detection of ageing from vibration signatures[J],IEE Proc-Gener.Transn.Distrib.Vol.148,No.4,pp.307-311,2001.
[26]F.A.Wegelin,R.S.Magalhaes,L.A.L.de Almeida,and M.Fontana.Condition Monitoring of Power Transformers Using Acoustic Signal Prony's Analysis[J].Instrumentation and Measurement Technology Conference.pp.1384-1387,2006.
[27]S.Tenbohlen,F.Figel.On-line Condition Monitoring of Power Transformers[J].IEEE.pp.2211-2216,2000.
[28]Pan Seok Shin,Jinhee Lee,and Jung Woo Ha.A Free Vibration Analysis of Helical Windings of Power Transformer by Pseudospectral Method[J].IEE Transactions on Magnetics,Vol,43,No,6.pp.2657-2659.
[29]Horatio Lamela Rivera,Jose A.Garcia-Souto,and J.Sanz.Measurements of Mechanical Vibrations at Magnetic Cores of Power Transformers with Fiber-Optic Interferometric Intrinsic Sensor[J].IEEE Journal on Selected Topics in Quantum Electronics,Vol.6,No.5,pp.788-797,2000.
[30]O.Roizman,and V.Davydov.Neuro-Fuzzy Computing for Largr Power Transformers Monitoring and Diagnostics[J].IEEE.pp.248-252,1999.
[31]Vahe Der Houhanessian and Walter S.Zaengl.On-Site Diagnosis of Power Transformers by Means of Relaxation Current Measurements[J].Conference Record of the 1998 IEEE International Symposium on Electrial Insulation.pp.28-34,1998.
[32]Ma Weiping,Hao Dezhi,Zheng Lianghua,and Wang Shuo.Research on On-line PD Monitoring System for Large Power Transformer[J].Proceedings of 1998International Symposium on Electrical Insulating Materials,in conjunction with 1998 Asian International Conference on Dielectrical Insulation and the 30~(th)Symposium on Electrical Insulating Materials.pp.505-508,1998.
[33]王志敏,顾文业,顾晓安,沈荣瀛.大型电力变压器铁心电磁振动数学模型[J].变压器.2004.6.Vol.41,No.6:1-6.
[34]汲胜昌,何义,李彦明,王国刚,刘杰.电力变压器空载状况下的振动特性研究[J].高电压技术.2001.10.Vol.27,No.5:47-48.
[35]周青山.电力变压器器身振动带电监测[J].电网技术.1999.4.Vol.23,No.4.
[36]汲胜昌,李彦明,傅晨钊.负载电流法在基于振动信号分析法监测变压器铁心装空中的应用[J].中国电机工程学报.2003.6.Vol.23,No.6:154-158.
[2]韩洪刚,王海宽,杨衡,赵义松,张鹏远.电力变压器分接开关故障及其检测技术[J].变压器.2004.12.Vol.41,No.12:35-38.
[3]张燕秉,胡晓岑,杨卫东.组抗法检测电力变压器绕组状况的分析和尝试[J].华北电力技术,1999,No.12:46-49.
[4]诸兵.基于短路电抗分析的变压器绕组变形在线诊断[D].西南交通大学.2004.
[5]Qian Suxiang,Jiao Weidong,Hu Hongsheng,and Yan Gongbiao.Transformer Power Fault Diagnosis System Design Based on the HMM Method[J].Proceeding Conference on Automation and Logistics.pp.1077-1082,2007.
[6]唐纲.频响法分析变压器绕组变形[D].西华大学.2006.
[7]Mark Stace,Syed M Islam.,Condition Monitoring of Power Transformers in the Australian State of New South Wales Using Transfer Function Measurements[J].Proceedings of the 5~(th)International Conference on Properties and Applications of Dielectric Materials.pp.248-251,1997.
[8]T.Leibfried,and K.Feser.Monitoring of Power Transformers using the Transfer Function Method[J].IEEE.pp.1046-1049,1998.
[9]T.Leibfried,and K.Feser.Off-line- and On-line-Monitoring of Power Transformers using the Transfer Function Method[J].Conference Record of the 1996 IEEE International Symposium on Electrical Insulation.pp.34-37,1996.
[10]汲胜昌,刘味国,单平,李彦明,徐大可.变压器铁心及绕组状况的振动测试系统[J].高电压技术.2000.12.Vol.26,No.6:1-3.
[11]汲胜昌,周冬生,陈锦,李彦明,孙强.空载变压器油箱表面振动信号的初步研究[J].高电压技术.2004.8.Vol.30,No.8:30-32.
[12]王世山,汲胜昌,李彦明.利用振动法进行变压器在线监测的应用研究[J].变压器.2002.9.Vol.39,No.S1:73-76.
[13]汲胜昌,刘味果,单平,李彦明.小波分析法在振动监测变压器铁芯及绕组状况中的应用[J].中国电机工程学报.2001.12.Vol.21,No.12:24-27.
[14]汲胜昌,程锦,李彦明.油浸式电力变压器绕组与铁心振动特性研究[J].西安交通大学学报.2005.6.Vol.39,No.6:616-619.
[15]徐大可,汲胜昌,李彦明.变压器绕组变形在线监测的理论研究[J].高电压技术.2000.Vol.26,No.3:16-18.
[16]王洪方,王庆生,李同生.大型电力变压器绕组轴向稳定性问题的研究状况[J].电网技术.1999.4.Vol.23,No.4:8-10.
[17]王世山,汲胜昌,李彦明.电缆绕组变压器短路时线圈轴向稳定性的研究[J].中国电机工程学报.2004.2.Vol.24,No.2:166-170.
[18]汲胜昌,王俊德,李彦明.稳态条件下变压器绕组轴向振动特性研究[J].电工电能新技术.2006.1.Vol.25,No.1:35-38.
[19]汲胜昌,李彦明.变压器负载条件下提取铁心振动信号基频成分方法的研究[J].电工电能新技术,2003,Vol.22,No.2:64-68.
[20]刘昌玉,孔杰.以太网通讯在变压器状态监测系统中的应用[J].仪表技术与传感器.2007.2.23.24.30.
[21]Francisco Poza,Perfecto Marino,Santiago Otero,Femando Machado.Programmable Electronic Instrument for Condition Monitoring of In-Service Power Transformers[J].IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement,VOL.55,NO.2,pp.625-634,2006.
[22]林凯,何川,毛乐山.基于LabVIEW的多通道振动测试与分析系统[J].清华大学学报(自然科学版).2003,Vol.43,No.5:659-661,665.
[23]何振动.基于LabVIEW平台变压器故障状态监测系统开发与研究[D].广西大学.2006.
[24]P.Kang,and D.Birtwhistle,Condition monitoring of power transformer on-load tap-changers,part 1:Automatic condition diagnostics[J],IEE Proc-Gener.Transn.Distrib.Vol.148,No.4,pp.301-306,2001.
[25]P.Kang,and D.Birtwhistle,Condition monitoring of power transformer on-load tap-changers.Part 2:Detection of ageing from vibration signatures[J],IEE Proc-Gener.Transn.Distrib.Vol.148,No.4,pp.307-311,2001.
[26]F.A.Wegelin,R.S.Magalhaes,L.A.L.de Almeida,and M.Fontana.Condition Monitoring of Power Transformers Using Acoustic Signal Prony's Analysis[J].Instrumentation and Measurement Technology Conference.pp.1384-1387,2006.
[27]S.Tenbohlen,F.Figel.On-line Condition Monitoring of Power Transformers[J].IEEE.pp.2211-2216,2000.
[28]Pan Seok Shin,Jinhee Lee,and Jung Woo Ha.A Free Vibration Analysis of Helical Windings of Power Transformer by Pseudospectral Method[J].IEE Transactions on Magnetics,Vol,43,No,6.pp.2657-2659.
[29]Horatio Lamela Rivera,Jose A.Garcia-Souto,and J.Sanz.Measurements of Mechanical Vibrations at Magnetic Cores of Power Transformers with Fiber-Optic Interferometric Intrinsic Sensor[J].IEEE Journal on Selected Topics in Quantum Electronics,Vol.6,No.5,pp.788-797,2000.
[30]O.Roizman,and V.Davydov.Neuro-Fuzzy Computing for Largr Power Transformers Monitoring and Diagnostics[J].IEEE.pp.248-252,1999.
[31]Vahe Der Houhanessian and Walter S.Zaengl.On-Site Diagnosis of Power Transformers by Means of Relaxation Current Measurements[J].Conference Record of the 1998 IEEE International Symposium on Electrial Insulation.pp.28-34,1998.
[32]Ma Weiping,Hao Dezhi,Zheng Lianghua,and Wang Shuo.Research on On-line PD Monitoring System for Large Power Transformer[J].Proceedings of 1998International Symposium on Electrical Insulating Materials,in conjunction with 1998 Asian International Conference on Dielectrical Insulation and the 30~(th)Symposium on Electrical Insulating Materials.pp.505-508,1998.
[33]王志敏,顾文业,顾晓安,沈荣瀛.大型电力变压器铁心电磁振动数学模型[J].变压器.2004.6.Vol.41,No.6:1-6.
[34]汲胜昌,何义,李彦明,王国刚,刘杰.电力变压器空载状况下的振动特性研究[J].高电压技术.2001.10.Vol.27,No.5:47-48.
[35]周青山.电力变压器器身振动带电监测[J].电网技术.1999.4.Vol.23,No.4.
[36]汲胜昌,李彦明,傅晨钊.负载电流法在基于振动信号分析法监测变压器铁心装空中的应用[J].中国电机工程学报.2003.6.Vol.23,No.6:154-158.