基质金属蛋白酶在痘病毒感染中的作用和表达变化
摘要
痘病毒可以感染人、哺乳动物和昆虫,造成皮肤损伤,引起发热性疾病和疱疹,甚至造成死亡(如天花病毒)。痘病毒感染可引起宿主强烈的免疫反应,诱导产生过量的细胞因子,造成“细胞因子爆发”或脓毒症等免疫病理症状。基于该病毒可引起强烈免疫反应等生物学特性,其被广泛应用于基因工程中,用于构建痘病毒表达载体以及癌症和HIV等免疫缺陷性疾病的活载体疫苗,还作为溶瘤病毒用于肿瘤的治疗。因此,对于痘病毒感染机理的研究不仅有助于该病毒感染的防治,而且可以更好地将其应用于基因工程以治疗其它疾病。
基质金属蛋白酶(Matrix metalloproteinase, MMPs)是一类细胞内锌离子依赖的限制性内切酶,广泛参与许多生理和病理过程。其生物合成和活性受基因激活、酶原激活和基质金属蛋白酶组织抑制剂(Tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinase,TIMPs)抑制三个水平的调控。MMPs可通过降解细胞外基质和基底膜,调控细胞因子和趋化因子的活性,来促进病毒的扩散并参与病毒感染引起的宿主免疫反应,从而在HIV等病毒感染过程中发挥重要的调控作用。研究表明,病毒的种类不同,MMPs的作用、表达变化以及参与的关键MMPs也不同。迄今为止,未见关于痘病毒感染过程中MMPs的作用和表达变化的报道。
本课题以痘苗病毒(Vaccinia virus, VV)、粘液瘤病毒(Myxoma virus, MV)和特纳河痘病毒(Tanapox virus, TPV)为对象,研究MMPs的活性与这三种病毒感染能力的关系,并进一步探讨参与病毒感染的关键MMPs及其表达调控规律。本研究从一个新的角度——MMPs生物学功能角度来阐述痘病毒的感染机制,不仅为痘病毒感染防治新方法的开发奠定理论基础,而且对于痘病毒在基因工程中的应用,以及对癌症和HIV等疾病的治疗方面具有重要意义。
实验结果如下:
1.抑制MMPs活性导致VV、MV和TPV的感染能力下降
本研究选用11种人工合成的MMPs抑制剂,检测它们对VV、MV和TPV感染能力的影响;并采用MTT法检测了MMPs抑制剂对三种宿主细胞——人上皮癌细胞(Human epithelial carcinoma cells,HeLa)、绿猴肾细胞(Baby green monkey kidney cells, BGMK)和枭猴肾上皮细胞(Owl monkey kidney epithelial cells, OMK)的毒性。
结果显示,MMPs抑制剂对VV、MV和TPV的感染能力具有抑制作用。其中,氯已定对三种痘病毒的均具有最显著抑制效果。而且,11种抑制剂在工作浓度下对HeLa、OMK和BGMK细胞均无毒性。因此,抑制MMPs活性导致VV、MV和TPV的感染能力下降。MMPs参与这三种痘病毒的感染,可能是其感染过程的重要影响因子。分析抑制剂的底物得出,可抑制病毒感染的抑制剂底物均包括MMP-2和/或MMP-9,因此,参与VV、MV和TPV感染的关键MMPs可能是MMP-2和/或MMP-9。
2. MMPs的活性是VV、MV和TPV感染的重要影响因子
底物剪切比色法结果表明在VV、MV和TPV的感染过程中,MMPs的酶活性显著升高。由此可得,VV、MV和TPV的感染过程中MMPs活性升高,而抑制MMPs活性导致VV、MV和TPV的感染能力下降,因此,MMPs的活性是VV、MV和TPV感染的重要影响因子。
利用抑制剂XG076阻断MMPs酶原激活途径,对VV、MV和TPV的感染能力没有显著影响。因此,MMPs在VV、MV和TPV感染中的生物学功能是催化非依赖性的。
3. MMP-9、MMP-2和TIMP-1、TIMP-2比例失衡可能是促进VV和MV感染的重要机制
本研究应用实时荧光定量PCR和明胶酶谱法,检测VV和MV感染中,MMP-2和MMP-9的mRNA和蛋白质水平变化,以及TIMP-1和TIMP-2的m RNA水平变化。
结果显示,VV和MV的感染提高了MMP-2和MMP-9 mRNA和蛋白水平的表达。同时,MMP-2和MMP-9的天然组织抑制剂——TIMP-1和TIMP-2的mRNA表达水平下降。
因此,MMP-9、MMP-2和TIMP-1、TIMP-2表达水平的变化可导致MMPs和TIMPs之间的比例失衡,其可能是促进VV和MV感染的重要机制。
综上所述,MMPs参与VV、MV和TPV的感染过程,是痘病毒感染的一个重要影响因子。在三种痘病毒感染过程中,MMP-2和MMP-9的mRNA和蛋白质表达上调,而TIMP-1和TIMP-2的mRNA表达下调,从而破坏了MMPs/TIMPs间的平衡,导致MMP-2和MMP-9表达相对过剩,可能是促进VV和MV感染的重要机制。因此,在VV、MV和TPV感染过程中,MMP-2和MMP-9作为重要的调节因子发挥了关键的作用,为将它们作为靶点防治痘病毒感染提供了试验依据。同时,本研究从MMPs的生物学功能角度更加深入地了解痘病毒的感染机理,为其在HIV感染和癌症治疗方面的应用提供更多的理论依据。
The host range of poxvirus is very broad, including human, mammalian and insects. Poxvirus can affect skin tissue, cause febrile illnesses in human and animals with a prominent vesicular rash,even death, such as variola virus. The poxvirus infection can induce primary and adaptive immune responses, the symptoms associated with serious poxvirus infections are a result of a“cytokine storm”or sepsis and that this may be the underlying cause of pathology. As technical advances in engineering have resulted in the creation of numerous recombinant poxviruses for use as candidate vaccines, vectors for gene delivery, cancer immunotherapy and oncolytic agents in the treatment of cancer. Central to the rational design of these therapies is the need for detailed information about the immune interaction between poxvirus and hosts.
MMPs play important roles in both physiological and pathological processes such as cancer metastasis and virus infection. The main MMPs involved in different virus replication and the modulation modes are different. Until now, the roles and expressiong of MMPs in poxvirus replication have not been reported. MMPs get involved in immune responses through breakdown of ECM, BM and modulate cytokine and chemokine to help immune cells arrive at inflammation sites through ECM. So, MMPs may play very important role in poxvirus replication.
In this project, we studied on the procesure of vaccinia virus, myxoma virus and tanapox virus infection in their adaptive cells. The objectives of this study are determining the contribution of MMP activity to poxvirus virulence and the specific MMPs upregulated during poxvirus infection. This study can help us understand the mechanisms of poxvirus replication and find a new way for preventing poxvirus replication.
1. Depression MMPs activity induce the suppressing of VV、MV and TPV replication
In this study, a panel of eleven synthetic MMP inhibitors was tested the inhibitory effects on VV、MV and TPV replications. The effects of MMPs inhibitors on cell viability at their working concentrations were tested by standard tetrazole reduction (MTT) assay.
The results showed, MMPs inhibitors have general inhibition effects on poxvirus infection. All three viruses’replications were suppressed remarkably by CHX in a dose-dependent manner. MTT results showed that there was no any visible cytotoxic effect on cell survival by any of the concentrations of inhibitors in all treatment groups compare to untreated cells. According to the substrates of MMPs inhibiors, the main MMPs involved in poxvirus infection may be MMP-2 or MMP-9.
VV、MV and TPV replication can be suppressed by MMPs inhibitors in the absence of inhibitor-associated cytotoxicity. So, depression MMPs activity induce the suppressing of VV、MV and TPV replication, MMPs activity may play an important role in VV、MV and TPV replication.
According to the substrates of MMPs inhibiors, the main MMPs involved in poxvirus infection may be MMP-2 or MMP-9.
2. MMP activity is a main factor of VV、MV and TPV replication
The MMP activity following poxvirus replication was evaluated by analyzing the activity in the serum free culture medium of cells using a colorimetric substrate cleavage assay. XG076 was applied to blockade of zymogen processing and test the influence of this procedure on poxvirus replication. The inhibition of zymogen activity by XG076 did not significantly alter poxvirus infection comparing with the untreated groups (XG076 untreated).
MMP activity is a main factor of VV、MV and TPV replication. And, MMPs may exert biological effects in manners that are independent of their enzyme activation pathway.
3. VV and MV infection are associated with imbalance of MMP-9, MMP-2, TIMP-1 and TIMP-2
Real time PCR was applied to evaluate the mRNA levels of MMPs and TIMPs. Gelatin zymogaphy was applied to evaluate the protein levels of MMP-2 and MMP-9.
The mRNA and protein levels of MMP-2 and MMP-9 were up regulated after VV and MV infection. At the same time, the mRNA levels of TIMP-1 and TIMP-2 were down regulated.
Thus, VV and MV infection are associated with imbalance of MMP-9, MMP-2, TIMP-1 and TIMP-2.
In summary, the MMP activity is a main factor of VV、MV and TPV replication. And, the expression of MMP-9 and -2 were up regulated at mRNA and protein levels, in contrast, the mRNA levels of TIMP-1 and -2 were down regulated. Poxvirus infection is associated with imbalance MMP-9, MMP-2, TIMP-1 and TIMP-2. The results suggest that MMPs, especially MMP-9 and MMP-2, may be a target molecule in the strategy of treatment of poxvirus replication and related diseases. This study can help us find a new way to prevent poxvirus infection, understand the mechanisms of poxvirus replication in order to apply poxvirus in gene enginerring and cancer immunotherapy and virotherapy.
基质金属蛋白酶(Matrix metalloproteinase, MMPs)是一类细胞内锌离子依赖的限制性内切酶,广泛参与许多生理和病理过程。其生物合成和活性受基因激活、酶原激活和基质金属蛋白酶组织抑制剂(Tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinase,TIMPs)抑制三个水平的调控。MMPs可通过降解细胞外基质和基底膜,调控细胞因子和趋化因子的活性,来促进病毒的扩散并参与病毒感染引起的宿主免疫反应,从而在HIV等病毒感染过程中发挥重要的调控作用。研究表明,病毒的种类不同,MMPs的作用、表达变化以及参与的关键MMPs也不同。迄今为止,未见关于痘病毒感染过程中MMPs的作用和表达变化的报道。
本课题以痘苗病毒(Vaccinia virus, VV)、粘液瘤病毒(Myxoma virus, MV)和特纳河痘病毒(Tanapox virus, TPV)为对象,研究MMPs的活性与这三种病毒感染能力的关系,并进一步探讨参与病毒感染的关键MMPs及其表达调控规律。本研究从一个新的角度——MMPs生物学功能角度来阐述痘病毒的感染机制,不仅为痘病毒感染防治新方法的开发奠定理论基础,而且对于痘病毒在基因工程中的应用,以及对癌症和HIV等疾病的治疗方面具有重要意义。
实验结果如下:
1.抑制MMPs活性导致VV、MV和TPV的感染能力下降
本研究选用11种人工合成的MMPs抑制剂,检测它们对VV、MV和TPV感染能力的影响;并采用MTT法检测了MMPs抑制剂对三种宿主细胞——人上皮癌细胞(Human epithelial carcinoma cells,HeLa)、绿猴肾细胞(Baby green monkey kidney cells, BGMK)和枭猴肾上皮细胞(Owl monkey kidney epithelial cells, OMK)的毒性。
结果显示,MMPs抑制剂对VV、MV和TPV的感染能力具有抑制作用。其中,氯已定对三种痘病毒的均具有最显著抑制效果。而且,11种抑制剂在工作浓度下对HeLa、OMK和BGMK细胞均无毒性。因此,抑制MMPs活性导致VV、MV和TPV的感染能力下降。MMPs参与这三种痘病毒的感染,可能是其感染过程的重要影响因子。分析抑制剂的底物得出,可抑制病毒感染的抑制剂底物均包括MMP-2和/或MMP-9,因此,参与VV、MV和TPV感染的关键MMPs可能是MMP-2和/或MMP-9。
2. MMPs的活性是VV、MV和TPV感染的重要影响因子
底物剪切比色法结果表明在VV、MV和TPV的感染过程中,MMPs的酶活性显著升高。由此可得,VV、MV和TPV的感染过程中MMPs活性升高,而抑制MMPs活性导致VV、MV和TPV的感染能力下降,因此,MMPs的活性是VV、MV和TPV感染的重要影响因子。
利用抑制剂XG076阻断MMPs酶原激活途径,对VV、MV和TPV的感染能力没有显著影响。因此,MMPs在VV、MV和TPV感染中的生物学功能是催化非依赖性的。
3. MMP-9、MMP-2和TIMP-1、TIMP-2比例失衡可能是促进VV和MV感染的重要机制
本研究应用实时荧光定量PCR和明胶酶谱法,检测VV和MV感染中,MMP-2和MMP-9的mRNA和蛋白质水平变化,以及TIMP-1和TIMP-2的m RNA水平变化。
结果显示,VV和MV的感染提高了MMP-2和MMP-9 mRNA和蛋白水平的表达。同时,MMP-2和MMP-9的天然组织抑制剂——TIMP-1和TIMP-2的mRNA表达水平下降。
因此,MMP-9、MMP-2和TIMP-1、TIMP-2表达水平的变化可导致MMPs和TIMPs之间的比例失衡,其可能是促进VV和MV感染的重要机制。
综上所述,MMPs参与VV、MV和TPV的感染过程,是痘病毒感染的一个重要影响因子。在三种痘病毒感染过程中,MMP-2和MMP-9的mRNA和蛋白质表达上调,而TIMP-1和TIMP-2的mRNA表达下调,从而破坏了MMPs/TIMPs间的平衡,导致MMP-2和MMP-9表达相对过剩,可能是促进VV和MV感染的重要机制。因此,在VV、MV和TPV感染过程中,MMP-2和MMP-9作为重要的调节因子发挥了关键的作用,为将它们作为靶点防治痘病毒感染提供了试验依据。同时,本研究从MMPs的生物学功能角度更加深入地了解痘病毒的感染机理,为其在HIV感染和癌症治疗方面的应用提供更多的理论依据。
The host range of poxvirus is very broad, including human, mammalian and insects. Poxvirus can affect skin tissue, cause febrile illnesses in human and animals with a prominent vesicular rash,even death, such as variola virus. The poxvirus infection can induce primary and adaptive immune responses, the symptoms associated with serious poxvirus infections are a result of a“cytokine storm”or sepsis and that this may be the underlying cause of pathology. As technical advances in engineering have resulted in the creation of numerous recombinant poxviruses for use as candidate vaccines, vectors for gene delivery, cancer immunotherapy and oncolytic agents in the treatment of cancer. Central to the rational design of these therapies is the need for detailed information about the immune interaction between poxvirus and hosts.
MMPs play important roles in both physiological and pathological processes such as cancer metastasis and virus infection. The main MMPs involved in different virus replication and the modulation modes are different. Until now, the roles and expressiong of MMPs in poxvirus replication have not been reported. MMPs get involved in immune responses through breakdown of ECM, BM and modulate cytokine and chemokine to help immune cells arrive at inflammation sites through ECM. So, MMPs may play very important role in poxvirus replication.
In this project, we studied on the procesure of vaccinia virus, myxoma virus and tanapox virus infection in their adaptive cells. The objectives of this study are determining the contribution of MMP activity to poxvirus virulence and the specific MMPs upregulated during poxvirus infection. This study can help us understand the mechanisms of poxvirus replication and find a new way for preventing poxvirus replication.
1. Depression MMPs activity induce the suppressing of VV、MV and TPV replication
In this study, a panel of eleven synthetic MMP inhibitors was tested the inhibitory effects on VV、MV and TPV replications. The effects of MMPs inhibitors on cell viability at their working concentrations were tested by standard tetrazole reduction (MTT) assay.
The results showed, MMPs inhibitors have general inhibition effects on poxvirus infection. All three viruses’replications were suppressed remarkably by CHX in a dose-dependent manner. MTT results showed that there was no any visible cytotoxic effect on cell survival by any of the concentrations of inhibitors in all treatment groups compare to untreated cells. According to the substrates of MMPs inhibiors, the main MMPs involved in poxvirus infection may be MMP-2 or MMP-9.
VV、MV and TPV replication can be suppressed by MMPs inhibitors in the absence of inhibitor-associated cytotoxicity. So, depression MMPs activity induce the suppressing of VV、MV and TPV replication, MMPs activity may play an important role in VV、MV and TPV replication.
According to the substrates of MMPs inhibiors, the main MMPs involved in poxvirus infection may be MMP-2 or MMP-9.
2. MMP activity is a main factor of VV、MV and TPV replication
The MMP activity following poxvirus replication was evaluated by analyzing the activity in the serum free culture medium of cells using a colorimetric substrate cleavage assay. XG076 was applied to blockade of zymogen processing and test the influence of this procedure on poxvirus replication. The inhibition of zymogen activity by XG076 did not significantly alter poxvirus infection comparing with the untreated groups (XG076 untreated).
MMP activity is a main factor of VV、MV and TPV replication. And, MMPs may exert biological effects in manners that are independent of their enzyme activation pathway.
3. VV and MV infection are associated with imbalance of MMP-9, MMP-2, TIMP-1 and TIMP-2
Real time PCR was applied to evaluate the mRNA levels of MMPs and TIMPs. Gelatin zymogaphy was applied to evaluate the protein levels of MMP-2 and MMP-9.
The mRNA and protein levels of MMP-2 and MMP-9 were up regulated after VV and MV infection. At the same time, the mRNA levels of TIMP-1 and TIMP-2 were down regulated.
Thus, VV and MV infection are associated with imbalance of MMP-9, MMP-2, TIMP-1 and TIMP-2.
In summary, the MMP activity is a main factor of VV、MV and TPV replication. And, the expression of MMP-9 and -2 were up regulated at mRNA and protein levels, in contrast, the mRNA levels of TIMP-1 and -2 were down regulated. Poxvirus infection is associated with imbalance MMP-9, MMP-2, TIMP-1 and TIMP-2. The results suggest that MMPs, especially MMP-9 and MMP-2, may be a target molecule in the strategy of treatment of poxvirus replication and related diseases. This study can help us find a new way to prevent poxvirus infection, understand the mechanisms of poxvirus replication in order to apply poxvirus in gene enginerring and cancer immunotherapy and virotherapy.
引文
Acres, B, K Dott, L Stefani and M P Kieny. 1994. Directed cytokine expression in tumour cells in vivo using recombinant vaccinia virus. Ther Immunol, 1(1): 17-23
Afonso, C L, E R Tulman, Z Lu, L Zsak, F A Osorio, C Balinsky, G F Kutish and D L Rock. 2002. The genome of swinepox virus. J Virol, 76(2): 783-790
Aggarwal, B B, S Shishodia, S K Sandur, M K Pandey and G Sethi. 2006. Inflammation and cancer: how hot is the link? Biochem Pharmacol, 72(11): 1605-1621
Alcami, A. 2003. Viral mimicry of cytokines, chemokines and their receptors. Nat Rev Immunol, 3(1): 36-50
Alcami, A and G L Smith. 2002. The vaccinia virus soluble interferon-gamma receptor is a homodimer. J Gen Virol, 83(Pt 3): 545-549
Alcami, A, J A Symons, P D Collins, T J Williams and G L Smith. 1998. Blockade of chemokine activity by a soluble chemokine binding protein from vaccinia virus. J Immunol, 160(2): 624-633
Amour, A, P M Slocombe, A Webster, M Butler, C G Knight, B J Smith, P E Stephens, C Shelley, M Hutton, V Knauper, A J Docherty and G Murphy. 1998. TNF-alpha converting enzyme (TACE) is inhibited by TIMP-3. FEBS Lett, 435(1): 39-44
Arlen, P M, H L Kaufman and R S DiPaola. 2005. Pox viral vaccine approaches. Semin Oncol, 32(6): 549-555
Armstrong, J A, D H Metz and M R Young. 1973. The mode of entry of vaccinia virus into L cells. J Gen Virol, 21(3): 533-537
Arner, E C, M A Pratta, B Freimark, M Lischwe, J M Trzaskos, R L Magolda and S W Wright. 1996. Isothiazolones interfere with normal matrix metalloproteinase activation and inhibit cartilage proteoglycan degradation. Biochem J, 318 ( Pt 2): 417-424
Atkinson, S J, T Crabbe, S Cowell, R V Ward, M J Butler, H Sato, M Seiki, J J Reynolds and G Murphy. 1995. Intermolecular autolytic cleavage can contribute to the activation of progelatinase A by cell membranes. J Biol Chem, 270(51): 30479-30485
Bablanian, R. 1970. Studies on the mechanism of vaccinia virus cytopathic effects: effect of inhibutors of RNA and protein synthesis on early virus-induced cell damage. J Gen Virol, 6(2): 221-230
Bablanian, R, B Baxt, J A Sonnabend and M Esteban. 1978. Studies on the mechanisms of vaccinia virus cytopathic effects. II. Early cell rounding is associated with virus polypeptide synthesis. J Gen Virol, 39(3): 403-413
Barcena, J, M Morales, B Vazquez, J A Boga, F Parra, J Lucientes, A Pages-Mante, J M Sanchez-Vizcaino, R Blasco and J M Torres. 2000. Horizontal transmissible protection against myxomatosis and rabbit hemorrhagic disease by using a recombinant myxoma virus. J Virol, 74(3): 1114-1123
Barchowsky, A, D Frleta and M P Vincenti. 2000. Integration of the NF-kappaB and mitogen-activated protein kinase/AP-1 pathways at the collagenase-1 promoter: divergence of IL-1 and TNF-dependent signal transduction in rabbit primary synovial fibroblasts. Cytokine, 12(10): 1469-1479
Baroudy, B M, S Venkatesan and B Moss. 1982. Incompletely base-paired flip-flop terminal loopslink the two DNA strands of the vaccinia virus genome into one uninterrupted polynucleotide chain. Cell, 28(2): 315-324
Barrett, J W, J X Cao, S Hota-Mitchell and G McFadden. 2001. Immunomodulatory proteins of myxoma virus. Semin Immunol, 13(1): 73-84
Barry, M and R C Bleackley. 2002. Cytotoxic T lymphocytes: all roads lead to death. Nat Rev Immunol, 2(6): 401-409
Barry, M, S Hnatiuk, K Mossman, S F Lee, L Boshkov and G McFadden. 1997. The myxoma virus M-T4 gene encodes a novel RDEL-containing protein that is retained within the endoplasmic reticulum and is important for the productive infection of lymphocytes. Virology, 239(2): 360-377
Barry, M, S F Lee, L Boshkov and G McFadden. 1995. Myxoma virus induces extensive CD4 downregulation and dissociation of p56lck in infected rabbit CD~(4+) T lymphocytes. J Virol, 69(9): 5243-5251
Bawadi, H A, T M Antunes, F Shih and J N Losso. 2004. In vitro inhibition of the activation of Pro-matrix Metalloproteinase 1 (Pro-MMP-1) and Pro-matrix metalloproteinase 9 (Pro-MMP-9) by rice and soybean Bowman-Birk inhibitors. J Agric Food Chem, 52(15): 4730-4736
Baxby, D (1981). Jenner's smallpox vaccine : the riddle of vaccinia virus and its origin. London, Heinemann Educational Books.
Bazin, H. 2000. [Eradication of smallpox, already 20 years ago]. Bull Acad Natl Med, 184(1): 89-99; discussion 99-104
Beattie, E, E Paoletti and J Tartaglia. 1995. Distinct patterns of IFN sensitivity observed in cells infected with vaccinia K3L- and E3L- mutant viruses. Virology, 210(2): 254-263
Becker, Y. 2003. Vaccinia virus pathogenicity in atopic dermatitis is caused by allergen-induced immune response that prevents the antiviral cellular and humoral immunity. Virus Genes, 27(3): 269-282
Bedard, E L, J Jiang, J Arp, H Qian, H Wang, H Guan, L Liu, N Parry, P Kim, B Garcia, X Li, C Macaulay, G McFadden, A Lucas and R Zhong. 2006. Prevention of chronic renal allograft rejection by SERP-1 protein. Transplantation, 81(6): 908-914
Benbow, U and C E Brinckerhoff. 1997. The AP-1 site and MMP gene regulation: what is all the fuss about? Matrix Biol, 15(8-9): 519-526
Bertagnoli, S, J Gelfi, G Le Gall, E Boilletot, J F Vautherot, D Rasschaert, S Laurent, F Petit, C Boucraut-Baralon and A Milon. 1996. Protection against myxomatosis and rabbit viral hemorrhagic disease with recombinant myxoma viruses expressing rabbit hemorrhagic disease virus capsid protein. J Virol, 70(8): 5061-5066
Best, S M, S V Collins and P J Kerr. 2000. Coevolution of host and virus: cellular localization of virus in myxoma virus infection of resistant and susceptible European rabbits. Virology, 277(1): 76-91
Best, S M and P J Kerr. 2000. Coevolution of host and virus: the pathogenesis of virulent and attenuated strains of myxoma virus in resistant and susceptible European rabbits. Virology, 267(1): 36-48 Birkedal-Hansen, H, W G Moore, M K Bodden, L J Windsor, B Birkedal-Hansen, A DeCarlo and J A Engler. 1993. Matrix metalloproteinases: a review. Crit Rev Oral Biol Med, 4(2): 197-250
Biron, C A. 1998. Role of early cytokines, including alpha and beta interferons (IFN-alpha/beta), in innate and adaptive immune responses to viral infections. Semin Immunol, 10(5): 383-390
Bixel, M G, B Petri, A G Khandoga, A Khandoga, K Wolburg-Buchholz, H Wolburg, S Marz, F
Krombach and D Vestweber. 2007. A CD99-related antigen on endothelial cells mediates neutrophil but not lymphocyte extravasation in vivo. Blood, 109(12): 5327-5336
Boehm, S and S Huck. 1997. Receptors controlling transmitter release from sympathetic neurons in vitro. Prog Neurobiol, 51(3): 225-242
Bond, M, A H Baker and A C Newby. 1999. Nuclear factor kappaB activity is essential for matrix metalloproteinase-1 and -3 upregulation in rabbit dermal fibroblasts. Biochem Biophys Res Commun, 264(2): 561-567
Bond, M, A J Chase, A H Baker and A C Newby. 2001. Inhibition of transcription factor NF-kappaB reduces matrix metalloproteinase-1, -3 and -9 production by vascular smooth muscle cells. Cardiovasc Res, 50(3): 556-565
Bond, M, R P Fabunmi, A H Baker and A C Newby. 1998. Synergistic upregulation of metalloproteinase-9 by growth factors and inflammatory cytokines: an absolute requirement for transcription factor NF-kappa B. FEBS Lett, 435(1): 29-34
Bondeson, J, F Brennan, B Foxwell and M Feldmann. 2000. Effective adenoviral transfer of IkappaBalpha into human fibroblasts and chondrosarcoma cells reveals that the induction of matrix metalloproteinases and proinflammatory cytokines is nuclear factor-kappaB dependent. J Rheumatol, 27(9): 2078-2089
Bonnefoy, J Y. 2004. Cancer vaccines. Expert Opin Ther Targets, 8(6): 521-525
Borden, P and R A Heller. 1997. Transcriptional control of matrix metalloproteinases and the tissue inhibitors of matrix metalloproteinases. Crit Rev Eukaryot Gene Expr, 7(1-2): 159-178
Boshkov, L K, J L Macen and G McFadden. 1992. Virus-induced loss of class I MHC antigens from the surface of cells infected with myxoma virus and malignant rabbit fibroma virus. J Immunol, 148(3): 881-887
Bowie, A, E Kiss-Toth, J A Symons, G L Smith, S K Dower and L A O'Neill. 2000. A46R and A52R from vaccinia virus are antagonists of host IL-1 and toll-like receptor signaling. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 97(18): 10162-10167
Brinckerhoff, C E and L M Matrisian. 2002. Matrix metalloproteinases: a tail of a frog that became a prince. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol, 3(3): 207-214
Brutkiewicz, R R, S J Klaus and R M Welsh. 1992. Window of vulnerability of vaccinia virus-infected cells to natural killer (NK) cell-mediated cytolysis correlates with enhanced NK cell triggering and is concomitant with a decrease in H-2 class I antigen expression. Nat Immun, 11(4): 203-214
Buller, R M and G J Palumbo. 1991. Poxvirus pathogenesis. Microbiol Rev, 55(1): 80-122
Butler, G S, M J Butler, S J Atkinson, H Will, T Tamura, S Schade van Westrum, T Crabbe, J Clements, M P d'Ortho and G Murphy. 1998. The TIMP2 membrane type 1 metalloproteinase "receptor" regulates the concentration and efficient activation of progelatinase A. A kinetic study. J Biol Chem, 273(2): 871-880
Cameron, C, S Hota-Mitchell, L Chen, J Barrett, J X Cao, C Macaulay, D Willer, D Evans and G McFadden. 1999. The complete DNA sequence of myxoma virus. Virology, 264(2): 298-318
Candelario-Jalil, E, Y Yang and G A Rosenberg. 2009. Diverse roles of matrix metalloproteinases and tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases in neuroinflammation and cerebral ischemia. Neuroscience, 158(3): 983-994
Carrasco, L and M Esteban. 1982. Modification of membrane permeability in vaccinia virus-infectedcells. Virology, 117(1): 62-69
Carroll, M W and B Moss. 1997. Poxviruses as expression vectors. Curr Opin Biotechnol, 8(5): 573-577
Carter, G C, M Law, M Hollinshead and G L Smith. 2005. Entry of the vaccinia virus intracellular mature virion and its interactions with glycosaminoglycans. J Gen Virol, 86(Pt 5): 1279-1290
Cauwe, B, P E Van den Steen and G Opdenakker. 2007. The biochemical, biological, and pathological kaleidoscope of cell surface substrates processed by matrix metalloproteinases. Crit Rev Biochem Mol Biol, 42(3): 113-185
Chakrabarti, S, J R Sisler and B Moss. 1997. Compact, synthetic, vaccinia virus early/late promoter for protein expression. Biotechniques, 23(6): 1094-1097
Chambers, A F and L M Matrisian. 1997. Changing views of the role of matrix metalloproteinases in metastasis. J Natl Cancer Inst, 89(17): 1260-1270
Chang, A and D H Metz. 1976. Further investigations on the mode of entry of vaccinia virus into cells. J Gen Virol, 32(2): 275-282
Chang, W, J C Hsiao, C S Chung and C H Bair. 1995. Isolation of a monoclonal antibody which blocks vaccinia virus infection. J Virol, 69(1): 517-522
Chapel, C, V Camara, P Clayette, S Salvat, A Mabondzo, V Leblond, D Marce, C Lafuma and D Dormont. 1994. Modulations of 92kDa gelatinase B and its inhibitors are associated with HIV-1 infection in human macrophage cultures. Biochem Biophys Res Commun, 204(3): 1272-1278
Cheng, J, H Sauthoff, Y Huang, D I Kutler, S Bajwa, W N Rom and J G Hay. 2007. Human matrix metalloproteinase-8 gene delivery increases the oncolytic activity of a replicating adenovirus. Mol Ther, 15(11): 1982-1990
Cheung, C, H Luo, B Yanagawa, H S Leong, D Samarasekera, J C Lai, A Suarez, J Zhang and B M McManus. 2006. Matrix metalloproteinases and tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases in coxsackievirus-induced myocarditis. Cardiovasc Pathol, 15(2): 63-74
Cheung, C, D Marchant, E K Walker, Z Luo, J Zhang, B Yanagawa, M Rahmani, J Cox, C Overall, R M Senior, H Luo and B M McManus. 2008. Ablation of matrix metalloproteinase-9 increases severity of viral myocarditis in mice. Circulation, 117(12): 1574-1582
Christov, A, E Dai, L Liu, L W Miller, P Nash, A Lalani, G McFadden, P N Nation, J Tulip and A Lucas. 1999. Detection of transplant vasculopathy in a rat aortic allograft model by fluorescence spectroscopic optical analysis. Lasers Surg Med, 24(5): 346-359
Chung, T W, Y C Lee and C H Kim. 2004. Hepatitis B viral HBx induces matrix metalloproteinase-9 gene expression through activation of ERK and PI-3K/AKT pathways: involvement of invasive potential. Faseb J, 18(10): 1123-1125
Chung, T W, S K Moon, Y C Lee, J G Kim, J H Ko and C H Kim. 2002. Enhanced expression of matrix metalloproteinase-9 by hepatitis B virus infection in liver cells. Arch Biochem Biophys, 408(2): 147-154
Collier, I E, P A Krasnov, A Y Strongin, H Birkedal-Hansen and G I Goldberg. 1992. Alanine scanning mutagenesis and functional analysis of the fibronectin-like collagen-binding domain from human 92-kDa type IV collagenase. J Biol Chem, 267(10): 6776-6781
Collier, I E, S M Wilhelm, A Z Eisen, B L Marmer, G A Grant, J L Seltzer, A Kronberger, C S He, E A
Bauer and G I Goldberg. 1988. H-ras oncogene-transformed human bronchial epithelial cells (TBE-1) secrete a single metalloprotease capable of degrading basement membrane collagen. J Biol Chem, 263(14): 6579-6587
Corcoran, M L, R E Hewitt, D E Kleiner, Jr. and W G Stetler-Stevenson. 1996. MMP-2: expression, activation and inhibition. Enzyme Protein, 49(1-3): 7-19
Corcoran, M L and W G Stetler-Stevenson. 1995. Tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-2 stimulates fibroblast proliferation via a cAMP-dependent mechanism. J Biol Chem, 270(22): 13453-13459
Coussens, L M, B Fingleton and L M Matrisian. 2002. Matrix metalloproteinase inhibitors and cancer: trials and tribulations. Science, 295(5564): 2387-2392
Cowell, S, V Knauper, M L Stewart, M P D'Ortho, H Stanton, R M Hembry, C Lopez-Otin, J J Reynolds and G Murphy. 1998. Induction of matrix metalloproteinase activation cascades based on membrane-type 1 matrix metalloproteinase: associated activation of gelatinase A, gelatinase B and collagenase 3. Biochem J, 331 ( Pt 2): 453-458
Cudmore, S, P Cossart, G Griffiths and M Way. 1995. Actin-based motility of vaccinia virus. Nature, 378(6557): 636-638
Cunningham, M W and R S Fujinami (2000). Effects of microbes on the immune system. Philadelphia ; London, Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.
Curran, S and G I Murray. 2000. Matrix metalloproteinases: molecular aspects of their roles in tumour invasion and metastasis. Eur J Cancer, 36(13 Spec No): 1621-1630
Cuzner, M L and G Opdenakker. 1999. Plasminogen activators and matrix metalloproteases, mediators of extracellular proteolysis in inflammatory demyelination of the central nervous system. J Neuroimmunol, 94(1-2): 1-14
Cyrklaff, M, C Risco, J J Fernandez, M V Jimenez, M Esteban, W Baumeister and J L Carrascosa. 2005. Cryo-electron tomography of vaccinia virus. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 102(8): 2772-2777
d'Ortho, M P, H Will, S Atkinson, G Butler, A Messent, J Gavrilovic, B Smith, R Timpl, L Zardi and G Murphy. 1997. Membrane-type matrix metalloproteinases 1 and 2 exhibit broad-spectrum proteolytic capacities comparable to many matrix metalloproteinases. Eur J Biochem, 250(3): 751-757
Dabbagh, K, Y Xiao, C Smith, P Stepick-Biek, S G Kim, W J Lamm, D H Liggitt and D B Lewis. 2000. Local blockade of allergic airway hyperreactivity and inflammation by the poxvirus-derived pan-CC-chemokine inhibitor vCCI. J Immunol, 165(6): 3418-3422
Dallas, S L, J L Rosser, G R Mundy and L F Bonewald. 2002. Proteolysis of latent transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta )-binding protein-1 by osteoclasts. A cellular mechanism for release of TGF-beta from bone matrix. J Biol Chem, 277(24): 21352-21360
Dangerfield, J, K Y Larbi, M T Huang, A Dewar and S Nourshargh. 2002. PECAM-1 (CD31) homophilic interaction up-regulates alpha6beta1 on transmigrated neutrophils in vivo and plays a functional role in the ability of alpha6 integrins to mediate leukocyte migration through the perivascular basement membrane. J Exp Med, 196(9): 1201-1211
De Barros, S, A Zakaroff-Girard, M Lafontan, J Galitzky and V Bourlier. 2007. Inhibition of human preadipocyte proteasomal activity by HIV protease inhibitors or specific inhibitor lactacystin leads to a defect in adipogenesis, which involves matrix metalloproteinase-9. J Pharmacol Exp Ther, 320(1): 291-299
de Coignac, A B, G Elson, Y Delneste, G Magistrelli, P Jeannin, J P Aubry, O Berthier, D Schmitt, J YBonnefoy and J F Gauchat. 2000. Cloning of MMP-26. A novel matrilysin-like proteinase. Eur J Biochem, 267(11): 3323-3329
De Palma, A M, H J Thibaut, S Li, I Van Aelst, C Dillen, M Swinnen, E Verbeken, J Neyts and G Opdenakker. 2009. Inflammatory rather than infectious insults play a role in exocrine tissue damage in a mouse model for coxsackievirus B4-induced pancreatitis. J Pathol, 217(5): 633-641
De Palma, A M, E Verbeken, I Van Aelst, P E Van den Steen, G Opdenakker and J Neyts. 2008. Increased gelatinase B/matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP-9) activity in a murine model of acute coxsackievirus B4-induced pancreatitis. Virology, 382(1): 20-27
Dean, J L, M Brook, A R Clark and J Saklatvala. 1999. p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase regulates cyclooxygenase-2 mRNA stability and transcription in lipopolysaccharide-treated human monocytes. J Biol Chem, 274(1): 264-269
DeBruyne, L A, K Li, D K Bishop and J S Bromberg. 2000. Gene transfer of virally encoded chemokine antagonists vMIP-II and MC148 prolongs cardiac allograft survival and inhibits donor-specific immunity. Gene Ther, 7(7): 575-582
DeLange, A M and G McFadden. 1987. Efficient resolution of replicated poxvirus telomeres to native hairpin structures requires two inverted symmetrical copies of a core target DNA sequence. J Virol, 61(6): 1957-1963
Dell'Aica, I, R Caniato, S Biggin and S Garbisa. 2007. Matrix proteases, green tea, and St. John's wort: biomedical research catches up with folk medicine. Clin Chim Acta, 381(1): 69-77
Deng, L, P Dai, W Ding, R D Granstein and S Shuman. 2006. Vaccinia virus infection attenuates innate immune responses and antigen presentation by epidermal dendritic cells. J Virol, 80(20): 9977-9987
Denhardt, D T, B Feng, D R Edwards, E T Cocuzzi and U M Malyankar. 1993. Tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases (TIMP, aka EPA): structure, control of expression and biological functions. Pharmacol Ther, 59(3): 329-341
Denizot, F and R Lang. 1986. Rapid colorimetric assay for cell growth and survival. Modifications to the tetrazolium dye procedure giving improved sensitivity and reliability. J Immunol Methods, 89(2): 271-277
Deryugina, E I and J P Quigley. 2006. Matrix metalloproteinases and tumor metastasis. Cancer Metastasis Rev, 25(1): 9-34
Deryugina, E I, B Ratnikov, E Monosov, T I Postnova, R DiScipio, J W Smith and A Y Strongin. 2001. MT1-MMP initiates activation of pro-MMP-2 and integrin alphavbeta3 promotes maturation of MMP-2 in breast carcinoma cells. Exp Cell Res, 263(2): 209-223
des Gouttes Olgiati, D, B G Pogo and S Dales. 1976. Biogenesis of vaccinia: specific inhibition of rapidly labeled host DNA in vaccinia inoculated cells. Virology, 71(1): 325-335
Dezube, B J, S E Krown, J Y Lee, K S Bauer and D M Aboulafia. 2006. Randomized phase II trial of matrix metalloproteinase inhibitor COL-3 in AIDS-related Kaposi's sarcoma: an AIDS Malignancy Consortium Study. J Clin Oncol, 24(9): 1389-1394
Dhawan, S, L A Toro, B E Jones and M S Meltzer. 1992. Interactions between HIV-infected monocytes and the extracellular matrix: HIV-infected monocytes secrete neutral metalloproteases that degrade basement membrane protein matrices. J Leukoc Biol, 52(2): 244-248
Dhawan, S, B S Weeks, C Soderland, H W Schnaper, L A Toro, S P Asthana, I K Hewlett, W GStetler-Stevenson, S S Yamada, K M Yamada and et al. 1995. HIV-1 infection alters monocyte interactions with human microvascular endothelial cells. J Immunol, 154(1): 422-432
DiPerna, G, J Stack, A G Bowie, A Boyd, G Kotwal, Z Zhang, S Arvikar, E Latz, K A Fitzgerald and W L Marshall. 2004. Poxvirus protein N1L targets the I-kappaB kinase complex, inhibits signaling to NF-kappaB by the tumor necrosis factor superfamily of receptors, and inhibits NF-kappaB and IRF3 signaling by toll-like receptors. J Biol Chem, 279(35): 36570-36578
Domi, A and B Moss. 2002. Cloning the vaccinia virus genome as a bacterial artificial chromosome in Escherichia coli and recovery of infectious virus in mammalian cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 99(19): 12415-12420
Doms, R W, R Blumenthal and B Moss. 1990. Fusion of intra- and extracellular forms of vaccinia virus with the cell membrane. J Virol, 64(10): 4884-4892
Downie, A W and C Espana. 1972. Comparison of Tanapox virus and Yaba-like viruses causing epidemic disease in monkeys. J Hyg (Lond), 70(1): 23-32
Downie, A W and C Espana. 1973. A comparative study of Tanapox and Yaba viruses. J Gen Virol, 19(1): 37-49
Downie, A W, C H Taylor-Robinson, A E Caunt, G S Nelson, P E Manson-Bahr and T C Matthews. 1971. Tanapox: a new disease caused by a pox virus. Br Med J, 1(5745): 363-368
Eberhardt, W, A Huwiler, K F Beck, S Walpen and J Pfeilschifter. 2000. Amplification of IL-1 beta-induced matrix metalloproteinase-9 expression by superoxide in rat glomerular mesangial cells is mediated by increased activities of NF-kappa B and activating protein-1 and involves activation of the mitogen-activated protein kinase pathways. J Immunol, 165(10): 5788-5797
Egeblad, M and Z Werb. 2002. New functions for the matrix metalloproteinases in cancer progression. Nat Rev Cancer, 2(3): 161-174
Elkington, P T, C M O'Kane and J S Friedland. 2005. The paradox of matrix metalloproteinases in infectious disease. Clin Exp Immunol, 142(1): 12-20
Elliott, S F, C I Coon, E Hays, T A Stadheim and M P Vincenti. 2002. Bcl-3 is an interleukin-1-responsive gene in chondrocytes and synovial fibroblasts that activates transcription of the matrix metalloproteinase 1 gene. Arthritis Rheum, 46(12): 3230-3239
English, W R, G Velasco, J O Stracke, V Knauper and G Murphy. 2001. Catalytic activities of membrane-type 6 matrix metalloproteinase (MMP25). FEBS Lett, 491(1-2): 137-142
Essani, K, S Chalasani, R Eversole, L Beuving and L Birmingham. 1994. Multiple anti-cytokine activities secreted from tanapox virus-infected cells. Microb Pathog, 17(5): 347-353
Esteban, D J and R M Buller. 2005. Ectromelia virus: the causative agent of mousepox. J Gen Virol, 86(Pt 10): 2645-2659
Esteban, M. 2009. Attenuated poxvirus vectors MVA and NYVAC as promising vaccine candidates against HIV/AIDS. Hum Vaccin, 5(12)
Everett, H and G McFadden. 2001. Viral proteins and the mitochondrial apoptotic checkpoint. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev, 12(2-3): 181-188
Fabunmi, R P, A H Baker, E J Murray, R F Booth and A C Newby. 1996. Divergent regulation by growth factors and cytokines of 95 kDa and 72 kDa gelatinases and tissue inhibitors or metalloproteinases-1, -2, and -3 in rabbit aortic smooth muscle cells. Biochem J, 315 ( Pt 1): 335-342
Farrar, M A and R D Schreiber. 1993. The molecular cell biology of interferon-gamma and its receptor. Annu Rev Immunol, 11: 571-611
Fenner, F. 1983. The Florey lecture, 1983. Biological control, as exemplified by smallpox eradication and myxomatosis. Proc R Soc Lond B Biol Sci, 218(1212): 259-285
Fenner, F (1988). Smallpox and its eradication. Geneva, World Health Organization.
Fenner, F. 2000. Adventures with poxviruses of vertebrates. FEMS Microbiol Rev, 24(2): 123-133
Fenner, F and F Ratcliffe (1965). Myxomatosis. Cambridge [Eng.], University Press.
Fenner, F, R Wittek and K R Dumbell (1989). The orthopoxviruses. San Diego ; London, Academic Press.
Fenner, F and G M Woodroofe. 1953. The pathogenesis of infectious myxomatosis; the mechanism of infection and the immunological response in the European rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus). Br J Exp Pathol, 34(4): 400-411
Fernandez-Catalan, C, W Bode, R Huber, D Turk, J J Calvete, A Lichte, H Tschesche and K Maskos. 1998. Crystal structure of the complex formed by the membrane type 1-matrix metalloproteinase with the tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases-2, the soluble progelatinase A receptor. Embo J, 17(17): 5238-5248
Fields, B N, D M Knipe and P M Howley (2001). Fields' virology. Philadelphia, Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.
Fields, B N, D M Knipe and P M Howley (2001). Fields virology. Philadelphia ; London, Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.
Fields, B N, D M Knipe and P M Howley. (2007). "Fields' virology." 5th. from http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&MODE=ovid&NEWS=n&PAGE=booktext&D=books&AN=00139921
Fields, B N, D M Knipe and P M Howley (2007). Fields' virology. Philadelphia, Wolters Kluwer Health/Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.
Fingleton, B. 2003. Matrix metalloproteinase inhibitors for cancer therapy:the current situation and future prospects. Expert Opin Ther Targets, 7(3): 385-397
Fisher, S J, T Y Cui, L Zhang, L Hartman, K Grahl, G Y Zhang, J Tarpey and C H Damsky. 1989. Adhesive and degradative properties of human placental cytotrophoblast cells in vitro. J Cell Biol, 109(2): 891-902
Fotakis, G and J A Timbrell. 2006. In vitro cytotoxicity assays: comparison of LDH, neutral red, MTT and protein assay in hepatoma cell lines following exposure to cadmium chloride. Toxicol Lett, 160(2): 171-177
Fowlkes, J L and D M Serra. 1996. Characterization of glycosaminoglycan-binding domains present in insulin-like growth factor-binding protein-3. J Biol Chem, 271(25): 14676-14679
Fowlkes, J L, K M Thrailkill, D M Serra, K Suzuki and H Nagase. 1995. Matrix metalloproteinases as insulin-like growth factor binding protein-degrading proteinases. Prog Growth Factor Res, 6(2-4): 255-263
Freije, J M, I Diez-Itza, M Balbin, L M Sanchez, R Blasco, J Tolivia and C Lopez-Otin. 1994. Molecular cloning and expression of collagenase-3, a novel human matrix metalloproteinase produced by breast carcinomas. J Biol Chem, 269(24): 16766-16773
Frischknecht, F, V Moreau, S Rottger, S Gonfloni, I Reckmann, G Superti-Furga and M Way. 1999.
Actin-based motility of vaccinia virus mimics receptor tyrosine kinase signalling. Nature, 401(6756): 926-929
Galis, Z S, M Muszynski, G K Sukhova, E Simon-Morrissey, E N Unemori, M W Lark, E Amento and P Libby. 1994. Cytokine-stimulated human vascular smooth muscle cells synthesize a complement of enzymes required for extracellular matrix digestion. Circ Res, 75(1): 181-189
Gallea-Robache, S, V Morand, S Millet, J M Bruneau, N Bhatnagar, S Chouaib and S Roman-Roman. 1997. A metalloproteinase inhibitor blocks the shedding of soluble cytokine receptors and processing of transmembrane cytokine precursors in human monocytic cells. Cytokine, 9(5): 340-346
Garbisa, S, R Pozzatti, R J Muschel, U Saffiotti, M Ballin, R H Goldfarb, G Khoury and L A Liotta. 1987. Secretion of type IV collagenolytic protease and metastatic phenotype: induction by transfection with c-Ha-ras but not c-Ha-ras plus Ad2-E1a. Cancer Res, 47(6): 1523-1528
Garon, C F, E Barbosa and B Moss. 1978. Visualization of an inverted terminal repetition in vaccinia virus DNA. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 75(10): 4863-4867
Gearing, A J, P Beckett, M Christodoulou, M Churchill, J Clements, A H Davidson, A H Drummond, W A Galloway, R Gilbert, J L Gordon and et al. 1994. Processing of tumour necrosis factor-alpha precursor by metalloproteinases. Nature, 370(6490): 555-557
Gendron, R, D Grenier, T Sorsa and D Mayrand. 1999. Inhibition of the activities of matrix metalloproteinases 2, 8, and 9 by chlorhexidine. Clin Diagn Lab Immunol, 6(3): 437-439
Gerlier, D and N Thomasset. 1986. Use of MTT colorimetric assay to measure cell activation. J Immunol Methods, 94(1-2): 57-63
Gherardi, M M and M Esteban. 2005. Recombinant poxviruses as mucosal vaccine vectors. J Gen Virol, 86(Pt 11): 2925-2936
Gil, J, J Rullas, J Alcami and M Esteban. 2001. MC159L protein from the poxvirus molluscum contagiosum virus inhibits NF-kappaB activation and apoptosis induced by PKR. J Gen Virol, 82(Pt 12): 3027-3034
Giraudon, P, S Buart, A Bernard, N Thomasset and M F Belin. 1996. Extracellular matrix-remodeling metalloproteinases and infection of the central nervous system with retrovirus human T-lymphotropic virus type I (HTLV-I). Prog Neurobiol, 49(2): 169-184
Giraudon, P, R Szymocha, S Buart, A Bernard, L Cartier, M F Belin and H Akaoka. 2000. T lymphocytes activated by persistent viral infection differentially modify the expression of metalloproteinases and their endogenous inhibitors, TIMPs, in human astrocytes: relevance to HTLV-I-induced neurological disease. J Immunol, 164(5): 2718-2727
Goldberg, G I, I E Collier, A Z Eisen, G A Grant, B L Marmer and S M Wilhelm. 1992. Mosaic structure of the secreted ECM metalloproteases and interaction of the type IV collagenases with inhibitors. Matrix Suppl, 1: 25-30
Goldberg, G I, B L Marmer, G A Grant, A Z Eisen, S Wilhelm and C S He. 1989. Human 72-kilodalton type IV collagenase forms a complex with a tissue inhibitor of metalloproteases designated TIMP-2. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 86(21): 8207-8211
Goldberg, G I, A Strongin, I E Collier, L T Genrich and B L Marmer. 1992. Interaction of 92-kDa type IV collagenase with the tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases prevents dimerization, complex formation with interstitial collagenase, and activation of the proenzyme with stromelysin. J Biol Chem,267(7): 4583-4591
Gong, S C, C F Lai and M Esteban. 1990. Vaccinia virus induces cell fusion at acid pH and this activity is mediated by the N-terminus of the 14-kDa virus envelope protein. Virology, 178(1): 81-91
Gorska, R and M Nedzi-Gora. 2006. The effects of the initial treatment phase and of adjunctive low-dose doxycycline therapy on clinical parameters and MMP-8, MMP-9, and TIMP-1 levels in the saliva and peripheral blood of patients with chronic periodontitis. Arch Immunol Ther Exp (Warsz), 54(6): 419-426
Graham, S C, M W Bahar, S Cooray, R A Chen, D M Whalen, N G Abrescia, D Alderton, R J Owens, D I Stuart, G L Smith and J M Grimes. 2008. Vaccinia virus proteins A52 and B14 Share a Bcl-2-like fold but have evolved to inhibit NF-kappaB rather than apoptosis. PLoS Pathog, 4(8): e1000128
Guerin, J L, J Gelfi, S Boullier, M Delverdier, F A Bellanger, S Bertagnoli, I Drexler, G Sutter and F Messud-Petit. 2002. Myxoma virus leukemia-associated protein is responsible for major histocompatibility complex class I and Fas-CD95 down-regulation and defines scrapins, a new group of surface cellular receptor abductor proteins. J Virol, 76(6): 2912-2923
Guerra, S, L A Lopez-Fernandez, A Pascual-Montano, J L Najera, A Zaballos and M Esteban. 2006. Host response to the attenuated poxvirus vector NYVAC: upregulation of apoptotic genes and NF-kappaB-responsive genes in infected HeLa cells. J Virol, 80(2): 985-998
Gupta, S, T Barrett, A J Whitmarsh, J Cavanagh, H K Sluss, B Derijard and R J Davis. 1996. Selective interaction of JNK protein kinase isoforms with transcription factors. Embo J, 15(11): 2760-2770
Haga, I R and A G Bowie. 2005. Evasion of innate immunity by vaccinia virus. Parasitology, 130 Suppl: S11-25
Hagedorn, M and A Bikfalvi. 2000. Target molecules for anti-angiogenic therapy: from basic research to clinical trials. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol, 34(2): 89-110
Hahon, N and B J Wilson. 1960. Pathogenesis of variola in Macaca irus monkeys. Am J Hyg, 71: 69-80
Han, Z, D L Boyle, K R Aupperle, B Bennett, A M Manning and G S Firestein. 1999. Jun N-terminal kinase in rheumatoid arthritis. J Pharmacol Exp Ther, 291(1): 124-130
Han, Z, D L Boyle, L Chang, B Bennett, M Karin, L Yang, A M Manning and G S Firestein. 2001. c-Jun N-terminal kinase is required for metalloproteinase expression and joint destruction in inflammatory arthritis. J Clin Invest, 108(1): 73-81
Handley, L, R M Buller, S E Frey, C Bellone and S Parker. 2009. The new ACAM2000 vaccine and other therapies to control orthopoxvirus outbreaks and bioterror attacks. Expert Rev Vaccines, 8(7): 841-850
Hanemaaijer, R, J H Verheijen, T M Maguire, H Visser, K Toet, E McDermott, N O'Higgins and M J Duffy. 2000. Increased gelatinase-A and gelatinase-B activities in malignant vs. benign breast tumors. Int J Cancer, 86(2): 204-207
Hansen, M B, S E Nielsen and K Berg. 1989. Re-examination and further development of a precise and rapid dye method for measuring cell growth/cell kill. J Immunol Methods, 119(2): 203-210
Hayakawa, T, K Yamashita, E Ohuchi and A Shinagawa. 1994. Cell growth-promoting activity of tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases-2 (TIMP-2). J Cell Sci, 107 ( Pt 9): 2373-2379
Hayakawa, T, K Yamashita, K Tanzawa, E Uchijima and K Iwata. 1992. Growth-promoting activity of tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases-1 (TIMP-1) for a wide range of cells. A possible new growth factorin serum. FEBS Lett, 298(1): 29-32
Heuser, J. 2005. Deep-etch EM reveals that the early poxvirus envelope is a single membrane bilayer stabilized by a geodetic "honeycomb" surface coat. J Cell Biol, 169(2): 269-283
Hiller, G, K Weber, L Schneider, C Parajsz and C Jungwirth. 1979. Interaction of assembled progeny pox viruses with the cellular cytoskeleton. Virology, 98(1): 142-153
Hiscott, J, H Kwon and P Genin. 2001. Hostile takeovers: viral appropriation of the NF-kappaB pathway. J Clin Invest, 107(2): 143-151
Ho, Y T, J S Yang, T C Li, J J Lin, J G Lin, K C Lai, C Y Ma, W G Wood and J G Chung. 2009. Berberine suppresses in vitro migration and invasion of human SCC-4 tongue squamous cancer cells through the inhibitions of FAK, IKK, NF-kappaB, u-PA and MMP-2 and -9. Cancer Lett, 279(2): 155-162
Holopainen, J M, J A Moilanen, T Sorsa, M Kivela-Rajamaki, T Tervahartiala, M H Vesaluoma and T M Tervo. 2003. Activation of matrix metalloproteinase-8 by membrane type 1-MMP and their expression in human tears after photorefractive keratectomy. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci, 44(6): 2550-2556
Hornebeck, W. 2003. Down-regulation of tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloprotease-1 (TIMP-1) in aged human skin contributes to matrix degradation and impaired cell growth and survival. Pathol Biol (Paris), 51(10): 569-573
Hoshi, O and T Ushiki. 2004. Neutrophil extravasation in rat mesenteric venules induced by the chemotactic peptide N-formyl-methionyl-luecylphenylalanine (fMLP), with special attention to a barrier function of the vascular basal lamina for neutrophil migration. Arch Histol Cytol, 67(1): 107-114
Howell, M D, R L Gallo, M Boguniewicz, J F Jones, C Wong, J E Streib and D Y Leung. 2006. Cytokine milieu of atopic dermatitis skin subverts the innate immune response to vaccinia virus. Immunity, 24(3): 341-348
Hu, J, P E Van den Steen, Q X Sang and G Opdenakker. 2007. Matrix metalloproteinase inhibitors as therapy for inflammatory and vascular diseases. Nat Rev Drug Discov, 6(6): 480-498
Huang, Z, L Wang, S Meng, Y Wang, T Chen and C Wang. 2009. Berberine reduces both MMP-9 and EMMPRIN expression through prevention of p38 pathway activation in PMA-induced macrophages. Int J Cardiol,
Huygelen, C. 1996. [Jenner's cowpox vaccine in light of current vaccinology]. Verh K Acad Geneeskd Belg, 58(5): 479-536; discussion 537-478
Iijima, T, Y Minami, N Nakamura, M Onizuka, Y Morishita, Y Inadome and M Noguchi. 2004. MMP-2 activation and stepwise progression of pulmonary adenocarcinoma: analysis of MMP-2 and MMP-9 with gelatin zymography. Pathol Int, 54(5): 295-301
Imai, K, A Hiramatsu, D Fukushima, M D Pierschbacher and Y Okada. 1997. Degradation of decorin by matrix metalloproteinases: identification of the cleavage sites, kinetic analyses and transforming growth factor-beta1 release. Biochem J, 322 ( Pt 3): 809-814
Itoh, Y, M Kajita, H Kinoh, H Mori, A Okada and M Seiki. 1999. Membrane type 4 matrix metalloproteinase (MT4-MMP, MMP-17) is a glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored proteinase. J Biol Chem, 274(48): 34260-34266
Iyer, L M, L Aravind and E V Koonin. 2001. Common origin of four diverse families of large eukaryotic DNA viruses. J Virol, 75(23): 11720-11734
James, W D, T G Berger, D M Elston and R B Odom (2006). Andrews' diseases of the skin : clinicaldermatology. Philadelphia, Saunders Elsevier.
Jo, Y, J Yeon, H J Kim and S T Lee. 2000. Analysis of tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases-2 effect on pro-matrix metalloproteinase-2 activation by membrane-type 1 matrix metalloproteinase using baculovirus/insect-cell expression system. Biochem J, 345 Pt 3: 511-519
John, A and G Tuszynski. 2001. The role of matrix metalloproteinases in tumor angiogenesis and tumor metastasis. Pathol Oncol Res, 7(1): 14-23
Johnson, L L, R Dyer and D J Hupe. 1998. Matrix metalloproteinases. Curr Opin Chem Biol, 2(4): 466-471
Johnston, J B, J W Barrett, W Chang, C S Chung, W Zeng, J Masters, M Mann, F Wang, J Cao and G McFadden. 2003. Role of the serine-threonine kinase PAK-1 in myxoma virus replication. J Virol, 77(10): 5877-5888
Johnston, J B, Y Jiang, G van Marle, M B Mayne, W Ni, J Holden, J C McArthur and C Power. 2000. Lentivirus infection in the brain induces matrix metalloproteinase expression: role of envelope diversity. J Virol, 74(16): 7211-7220
Johnston, J B and G McFadden. 2003. Poxvirus immunomodulatory strategies: current perspectives. J Virol, 77(11): 6093-6100
Johnston, J B and G McFadden. 2004. Technical knockout: understanding poxvirus pathogenesis by selectively deleting viral immunomodulatory genes. Cell Microbiol, 6(8): 695-705
Johnston, J B, S H Nazarian, R Natale and G McFadden. 2005. Myxoma virus infection of primary human fibroblasts varies with cellular age and is regulated by host interferon responses. Virology, 332(1): 235-248
Kajanne, R, P Miettinen, A Mehlem, S K Leivonen, M Birrer, M Foschi, V M Kahari and S Leppa. 2007. EGF-R regulates MMP function in fibroblasts through MAPK and AP-1 pathways. J Cell Physiol, 212(2): 489-497
Karsdal, M A, L Larsen, M T Engsig, H Lou, M Ferreras, A Lochter, J M Delaisse and N T Foged. 2002. Matrix metalloproteinase-dependent activation of latent transforming growth factor-beta controls the conversion of osteoblasts into osteocytes by blocking osteoblast apoptosis. J Biol Chem, 277(46): 44061-44067
Kerr, P and G McFadden. 2002. Immune responses to myxoma virus. Viral Immunol, 15(2): 229-246
Khan, K M, D J Falcone and R Kraemer. 2002. Nerve growth factor activation of Erk-1 and Erk-2 induces matrix metalloproteinase-9 expression in vascular smooth muscle cells. J Biol Chem, 277(3): 2353-2359
Kheradmand, F, K Rishi and Z Werb. 2002. Signaling through the EGF receptor controls lung morphogenesis in part by regulating MT1-MMP-mediated activation of gelatinase A/MMP2. J Cell Sci, 115(Pt 4): 839-848
Khokha, R. 1994. Suppression of the tumorigenic and metastatic abilities of murine B16-F10 melanoma cells in vivo by the overexpression of the tissue inhibitor of the metalloproteinases-1. J Natl Cancer Inst, 86(4): 299-304
Kim, J R and C H Kim. 2004. Association of a high activity of matrix metalloproteinase-9 to low levels of tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinase-1 and -3 in human hepatitis B-viral hepatoma cells. Int J Biochem Cell Biol, 36(11): 2293-2306
Kim, S, J H Choi, J B Kim, S J Nam, J H Yang, J H Kim and J E Lee. 2008. Berberine suppresses TNF-alpha-induced MMP-9 and cell invasion through inhibition of AP-1 activity in MDA-MB-231 human breast cancer cells. Molecules, 13(12): 2975-2985
Kim, S and J H Chung. 2008. Berberine prevents UV-induced MMP-1 and reduction of type I procollagen expression in human dermal fibroblasts. Phytomedicine, 15(9): 749-753
Knauper, V, B Smith, C Lopez-Otin and G Murphy. 1997. Activation of progelatinase B (proMMP-9) by active collagenase-3 (MMP-13). Eur J Biochem, 248(2): 369-373
Knauper, V, H Will, C Lopez-Otin, B Smith, S J Atkinson, H Stanton, R M Hembry and G Murphy. 1996. Cellular mechanisms for human procollagenase-3 (MMP-13) activation. Evidence that MT1-MMP (MMP-14) and gelatinase a (MMP-2) are able to generate active enzyme. J Biol Chem, 271(29): 17124-17131
Knight, J C, F J Novembre, D R Brown, C S Goldsmith and J J Esposito. 1989. Studies on Tanapox virus. Virology, 172(1): 116-124
Kodama, D, M Saito, W Matsumoto, A H Sabouri, S Izumo, K Arimura, K Usuku, C R Bangham and M Osame. 2004. Longer dinucleotide repeat polymorphism in matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) gene promoter which correlates with higher HTLV-I Tax mediated transcriptional activity influences the risk of HTLV-I associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis (HAM/TSP). J Neuroimmunol, 156(1-2): 188-194
Kojima, S, Y Itoh, S Matsumoto, Y Masuho and M Seiki. 2000. Membrane-type 6 matrix metalloproteinase (MT6-MMP, MMP-25) is the second glycosyl-phosphatidyl inositol (GPI)-anchored MMP. FEBS Lett, 480(2-3): 142-146
Kondapaka, S B, R Fridman and K B Reddy. 1997. Epidermal growth factor and amphiregulin up-regulate matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) in human breast cancer cells. Int J Cancer, 70(6): 722-726
Kotwal, G J, S N Isaacs, R McKenzie, M M Frank and B Moss. 1990. Inhibition of the complement cascade by the major secretory protein of vaccinia virus. Science, 250(4982): 827-830
Krilov, L R and S H Harkness. 1993. Inactivation of respiratory syncytial virus by detergents and disinfectants. Pediatr Infect Dis J, 12(7): 582-584
Kumar, A, S Dhawan, A Mukhopadhyay and B B Aggarwal. 1999. Human immunodeficiency virus-1-tat induces matrix metalloproteinase-9 in monocytes through protein tyrosine phosphatase-mediated activation of nuclear transcription factor NF-kappaB. FEBS Lett, 462(1-2): 140-144
Kurt-Jones, E A, L Popova, L Kwinn, L M Haynes, L P Jones, R A Tripp, E E Walsh, M W Freeman, D T Golenbock, L J Anderson and R W Finberg. 2000. Pattern recognition receptors TLR4 and CD14 mediate response to respiratory syncytial virus. Nat Immunol, 1(5): 398-401
Kutinova, L, V Ludvikova, J Krystofova, M Otavova, V Simonova, S Nemeckova, P Hainz and V Vonka. 1996. Influence of the parental virus strain on the virulence and immunogenicity of recombinant vaccinia viruses expressing HBV preS2-S protein or VZV glycoprotein I. Vaccine, 14(11): 1045-1052
Kwak, H, H Horig and H L Kaufman. 2003. Poxviruses as vectors for cancer immunotherapy. Curr Opin Drug Discov Devel, 6(2): 161-168
Lanzer, W and J A Holowczak. 1975. Polyamines in vaccinia virions and polypeptides released from viral cores by acid extraction. J Virol, 16(5): 1254-1264
Lara-Pezzi, E, M V Gomez-Gaviro, B G Galvez, E Mira, M A Iniguez, M Fresno, A C Martinez, A G Arroyo and M Lopez-Cabrera. 2002. The hepatitis B virus X protein promotes tumor cell invasion by inducing membrane-type matrix metalloproteinase-1 and cyclooxygenase-2 expression. J Clin Invest, 110(12): 1831-1838
Latronico, T, G M Liuzzi, P Riccio, M Lichtner, F Mengoni, C D'Agostino, V Vullo and C M Mastroianni. 2007. Antiretroviral therapy inhibits matrix metalloproteinase-9 from blood mononuclear cells of HIV-infected patients. Aids, 21(6): 677-684
Law, M, R Hollinshead and G L Smith. 2002. Antibody-sensitive and antibody-resistant cell-to-cell spread by vaccinia virus: role of the A33R protein in antibody-resistant spread. J Gen Virol, 83(Pt 1): 209-222
Leco, K J, R Khokha, N Pavloff, S P Hawkes and D R Edwards. 1994. Tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases-3 (TIMP-3) is an extracellular matrix-associated protein with a distinctive pattern of expression in mouse cells and tissues. J Biol Chem, 269(12): 9352-9360
Lee, H J, K Essani and G L Smith. 2001. The genome sequence of Yaba-like disease virus, a yatapoxvirus. Virology, 281(2): 170-192
Lee, S M and S B Kleiboeker. 2005. Porcine arterivirus activates the NF-kappaB pathway through IkappaB degradation. Virology, 342(1): 47-59
Lehti, K, J Lohi, H Valtanen and J Keski-Oja. 1998. Proteolytic processing of membrane-type-1 matrix metalloproteinase is associated with gelatinase A activation at the cell surface. Biochem J, 334 ( Pt 2): 345-353
Levi, E, R Fridman, H Q Miao, Y S Ma, A Yayon and I Vlodavsky. 1996. Matrix metalloproteinase 2 releases active soluble ectodomain of fibroblast growth factor receptor 1. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 93(14): 7069-7074
Levy, M M, M P Fink, J C Marshall, E Abraham, D Angus, D Cook, J Cohen, S M Opal, J L Vincent and G Ramsay. 2003. 2001 SCCM/ESICM/ACCP/ATS/SIS International Sepsis Definitions Conference. Crit Care Med, 31(4): 1250-1256
Lewalle, J M, C Munaut, B Pichot, D Cataldo, E Baramova and J M Foidart. 1995. Plasma membrane-dependent activation of gelatinase A in human vascular endothelial cells. J Cell Physiol, 165(3): 475-483
Li, J, P L Schwimmbeck, C Tschope, S Leschka, L Husmann, S Rutschow, F Reichenbach, M Noutsias, U Kobalz, W Poller, F Spillmann, H Zeichhardt, H P Schultheiss and M Pauschinger. 2002. Collagen degradation in a murine myocarditis model: relevance of matrix metalloproteinase in association with inflammatory induction. Cardiovasc Res, 56(2): 235-247
Li, W and H H Shen. 2007. Effect of respiratory syncytial virus on the activity of matrix metalloproteinase in mice. Chin Med J (Engl), 120(1): 5-11
Lijnen, H R. 2002. Extracellular proteolysis in the development and progression of atherosclerosis. Biochem Soc Trans, 30(2): 163-167 Liu, L, A Lalani, E Dai, B Seet, C Macauley, R Singh, L Fan, G McFadden and A Lucas. 2000. The
viral anti-inflammatory chemokine-binding protein M-T7 reduces intimal hyperplasia after vascular injury. J Clin Invest, 105(11): 1613-1621
Liuzzi, G M, T Latronico, R Rossano, S Viggiani, A Fasano and P Riccio. 2007. Inhibitory effect ofpolyunsaturated fatty acids on MMP-9 release from microglial cells--implications for complementary multiple sclerosis treatment. Neurochem Res, 32(12): 2184-2193
Liuzzi, G M, C M Mastroianni, T Latronico, F Mengoni, A Fasano, M Lichtner, V Vullo and P Riccio. 2004. Anti-HIV drugs decrease the expression of matrix metalloproteinases in astrocytes and microglia. Brain, 127(Pt 2): 398-407
Luan, Z, A J Chase and A C Newby. 2003. Statins inhibit secretion of metalloproteinases-1, -2, -3, and -9 from vascular smooth muscle cells and macrophages. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol, 23(5): 769-775
Lucas, A, E Dai, L Liu, H Guan, P Nash, G McFadden and L Miller. 2000. Transplant vasculopathy: viral anti-inflammatory serpin regulation of atherogenesis. J Heart Lung Transplant, 19(11): 1029-1038
Lucas, A, L Liu, J Macen, P Nash, E Dai, M Stewart, K Graham, W Etches, L Boshkov, P N Nation, D Humen, M L Hobman and G McFadden. 1996. Virus-encoded serine proteinase inhibitor SERP-1 inhibits atherosclerotic plaque development after balloon angioplasty. Circulation, 94(11): 2890-2900
Lucas, A and G McFadden. 2004. Secreted immunomodulatory viral proteins as novel biotherapeutics. J Immunol, 173(8): 4765-4774
Lun, X, W Yang, T Alain, Z Q Shi, H Muzik, J W Barrett, G McFadden, J Bell, M G Hamilton, D L Senger and P A Forsyth. 2005. Myxoma virus is a novel oncolytic virus with significant antitumor activity against experimental human gliomas. Cancer Res, 65(21): 9982-9990
Luparello, C, G Avanzato, C Carella and I Pucci-Minafra. 1999. Tissue inhibitor of metalloprotease (TIMP)-1 and proliferative behaviour of clonal breast cancer cells. Breast Cancer Res Treat, 54(3): 235-244
Luplertlop, N and D Misse. 2008. MMP cellular responses to dengue virus infection-induced vascular leakage. Jpn J Infect Dis, 61(4): 298-301
Lyles, D S, C C Randall, L G Gafford and H B White, Jr. 1976. Cellular fatty acids during fowlpox virus infection of three different host systems. Virology, 70(1): 227-229
Mahnel, H and A Mayr. 1994. [Experiences with immunization against orthopox viruses of humans and animals using vaccine strain MVA]. Berl Munch Tierarztl Wochenschr, 107(8): 253-256
Manicone, A M and J K McGuire. 2008. Matrix metalloproteinases as modulators of inflammation. Semin Cell Dev Biol, 19(1): 34-41
Mastroianni, C M and G M Liuzzi. 2007. Matrix metalloproteinase dysregulation in HIV infection: implications for therapeutic strategies. Trends Mol Med, 13(11): 449-459
Matrisian, L M. 1990. Metalloproteinases and their inhibitors in matrix remodeling. Trends Genet, 6(4): 121-125
Matsuo, M, H Sakurai, K Koizumi and I Saiki. 2007. Curcumin inhibits the formation of capillary-like tubes by rat lymphatic endothelial cells. Cancer Lett, 251(2): 288-295
Maudsley, D J and J D Pound. 1991. Modulation of MHC antigen expression by viruses and oncogenes. Immunol Today, 12(12): 429-431
Mayr, A, H Stickl, H K Muller, K Danner and H Singer. 1978. [The smallpox vaccination strain MVA: marker, genetic structure, experience gained with the parenteral vaccination and behavior in organisms with a debilitated defence mechanism (author's transl)]. Zentralbl Bakteriol B, 167(5-6): 375-390
McCabe, V J and N Spibey. 2005. Potential for broad-spectrum protection against feline calicivirus using an attenuated myxoma virus expressing a chimeric FCV capsid protein. Vaccine, 23(46-47): 5380-5388
McCabe, V J, I Tarpey and N Spibey. 2002. Vaccination of cats with an attenuated recombinant myxoma virus expressing feline calicivirus capsid protein. Vaccine, 20(19-20): 2454-2462
McCawley, L J, S Li, E V Wattenberg and L G Hudson. 1999. Sustained activation of the mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway. A mechanism underlying receptor tyrosine kinase specificity for matrix metalloproteinase-9 induction and cell migration. J Biol Chem, 274(7): 4347-4353
McFadden, G. 2005. Poxvirus tropism. Nat Rev Microbiol, 3(3): 201-213
McFadden, G and K Kane. 1994. How DNA viruses perturb functional MHC expression to alter immune recognition. Adv Cancer Res, 63: 117-209
Mediratta, S and K Essani. 1999. The replication cycle of tanapox virus in owl monkey kidney cells. Can J Microbiol, 45(1): 92-96
Meli, D N, R S Coimbra, D G Erhart, G Loquet, C L Bellac, M G Tauber, U Neumann and S L Leib. 2006. Doxycycline reduces mortality and injury to the brain and cochlea in experimental pneumococcal meningitis. Infect Immun, 74(7): 3890-3896
Meng, X H, Y Wang, J X Zhuang, X Z Han, Y Chen, Y P Jin, Y L Wang, Y H Yu, J P Spires and G J Song. 2004. Dynamic changes in myocardial matrix metalloproteinase activity in mice with viral myocarditis. Chin Med J (Engl), 117(8): 1195-1199
Mengshol, J A, M P Vincenti, C I Coon, A Barchowsky and C E Brinckerhoff. 2000. Interleukin-1 induction of collagenase 3 (matrix metalloproteinase 13) gene expression in chondrocytes requires p38, c-Jun N-terminal kinase, and nuclear factor kappaB: differential regulation of collagenase 1 and collagenase 3. Arthritis Rheum, 43(4): 801-811
Merchlinsky, M. 1990. Mutational analysis of the resolution sequence of vaccinia virus DNA: essential sequence consists of two separate AT-rich regions highly conserved among poxviruses. J Virol, 64(10): 5029-5035
Meyer, R, E N Hatada, H P Hohmann, M Haiker, C Bartsch, U Rothlisberger, H W Lahm, E J Schlaeger, A P van Loon and C Scheidereit. 1991. Cloning of the DNA-binding subunit of human nuclear factor kappa B: the level of its mRNA is strongly regulated by phorbol ester or tumor necrosis factor alpha. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 88(3): 966-970
Misse, D, P O Esteve, B Renneboog, M Vidal, M Cerutti, Y St Pierre, H Yssel, M Parmentier and F Veas. 2001. HIV-1 glycoprotein 120 induces the MMP-9 cytopathogenic factor production that is abolished by inhibition of the p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling pathway. Blood, 98(3): 541-547
Moilanen, M, T Sorsa, M Stenman, P Nyberg, O Lindy, J Vesterinen, A Paju, Y T Konttinen, U H Stenman and T Salo. 2003. Tumor-associated trypsinogen-2 (trypsinogen-2) activates procollagenases (MMP-1, -8, -13) and stromelysin-1 (MMP-3) and degrades type I collagen. Biochemistry, 42(18): 5414-5420
Mok, W, Y Boucher and R K Jain. 2007. Matrix metalloproteinases-1 and -8 improve the distribution and efficacy of an oncolytic virus. Cancer Res, 67(22): 10664-10668
Monini, P, C Sgadari, G Barillari and B Ensoli. 2003. HIV protease inhibitors: antiretroviral agents with anti-inflammatory, anti-angiogenic and anti-tumour activity. J Antimicrob Chemother, 51(2): 207-211
Mori, N, M Morishita, T Tsukazaki, C Z Giam, A Kumatori, Y Tanaka and N Yamamoto. 2001. Human T-cell leukemia virus type I oncoprotein Tax represses Smad-dependent transforming growth factorbeta signaling through interaction with CREB-binding protein/p300. Blood, 97(7): 2137-2144
Mori, N, H Sato, T Hayashibara, M Senba, T Hayashi, Y Yamada, S Kamihira, S Ikeda, Y Yamasaki, S Morikawa, M Tomonaga, R Geleziunas and N Yamamoto. 2002. Human T-cell leukemia virus type I Tax transactivates the matrix metalloproteinase-9 gene: potential role in mediating adult T-cell leukemia invasiveness. Blood, 99(4): 1341-1349
Moroziewicz, D and H L Kaufman. 2005. Gene therapy with poxvirus vectors. Curr Opin Mol Ther, 7(4): 317-325
Mosmann, T. 1983. Rapid colorimetric assay for cellular growth and survival: application to proliferation and cytotoxicity assays. J Immunol Methods, 65(1-2): 55-63
Moss, B. 2006. Poxvirus entry and membrane fusion. Virology, 344(1): 48-54
Moss, B and J L Shisler. 2001. Immunology 101 at poxvirus U: immune evasion genes. Semin Immunol, 13(1): 59-66
Muller, D, B Quantin, M C Gesnel, R Millon-Collard, J Abecassis and R Breathnach. 1988. The collagenase gene family in humans consists of at least four members. Biochem J, 253(1): 187-192
Murphy, G, V Knauper, S Cowell, R Hembry, H Stanton, G Butler, J Freije, A M Pendas and C Lopez-Otin. 1999. Evaluation of some newer matrix metalloproteinases. Ann N Y Acad Sci, 878: 25-39
Murphy, G, Q Nguyen, M I Cockett, S J Atkinson, J A Allan, C G Knight, F Willenbrock and A J Docherty. 1994. Assessment of the role of the fibronectin-like domain of gelatinase A by analysis of a deletion mutant. J Biol Chem, 269(9): 6632-6636
Murphy, G, F Willenbrock, T Crabbe, M O'Shea, R Ward, S Atkinson, J O'Connell and A Docherty. 1994. Regulation of matrix metalloproteinase activity. Ann N Y Acad Sci, 732: 31-41
Murphy, J and S A Bustin. 2009. Reliability of real-time reverse-transcription PCR in clinical diagnostics: gold standard or substandard? Expert Rev Mol Diagn, 9(2): 187-197
Nagase, H. 1997. Activation mechanisms of matrix metalloproteinases. Biol Chem, 378(3-4): 151-160
Nakopoulou, L, S Katsarou, I Giannopoulou, P Alexandrou, I Tsirmpa, E Panayotopoulou, J Mavrommatis and A Keramopoulos. 2002. Correlation of tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-2 with proliferative activity and patients' survival in breast cancer. Mod Pathol, 15(1): 26-34
Narang, H K and A A Codd. 1983. Action of commonly used disinfectants against enteroviruses. J Hosp Infect, 4(2): 209-212
Nash, P, J Barrett, J X Cao, S Hota-Mitchell, A S Lalani, H Everett, X M Xu, J Robichaud, S Hnatiuk, C Ainslie, B T Seet and G McFadden. 1999. Immunomodulation by viruses: the myxoma virus story. Immunol Rev, 168: 103-120
Nichols, D B and J L Shisler. 2006. The MC160 protein expressed by the dermatotropic poxvirus molluscum contagiosum virus prevents tumor necrosis factor alpha-induced NF-kappaB activation via inhibition of I kappa kinase complex formation. J Virol, 80(2): 578-586
Ohashi, K L, D K Tung, J Wilson, B W Zweifach and G W Schmid-Schonbein. 1996. Transvascular and interstitial migration of neutrophils in rat mesentery. Microcirculation, 3(2): 199-210
Overall, C M and C Lopez-Otin. 2002. Strategies for MMP inhibition in cancer: innovations for the post-trial era. Nat Rev Cancer, 2(9): 657-672
Paemen, L, E Martens, K Norga, S Masure, E Roets, J Hoogmartens and G Opdenakker. 1996. Thegelatinase inhibitory activity of tetracyclines and chemically modified tetracycline analogues as measured by a novel microtiter assay for inhibitors. Biochem Pharmacol, 52(1): 105-111
Pardo, A and M Selman. 2005. MMP-1: the elder of the family. Int J Biochem Cell Biol, 37(2): 283-288
Park, B K, X Zeng and R I Glazer. 2001. Akt1 induces extracellular matrix invasion and matrix metalloproteinase-2 activity in mouse mammary epithelial cells. Cancer Res, 61(20): 7647-7653
Parsons, S L, S A Watson, P D Brown, H M Collins and R J Steele. 1997. Matrix metalloproteinases. Br J Surg, 84(2): 160-166
Pastoret, P P and A Vanderplasschen. 2003. Poxviruses as vaccine vectors. Comp Immunol Microbiol Infect Dis, 26(5-6): 343-355
Pei, D and S J Weiss. 1995. Furin-dependent intracellular activation of the human stromelysin-3 zymogen. Nature, 375(6528): 244-247
Pillinger, M H, N Marjanovic, S Y Kim, J U Scher, P Izmirly, S Tolani, V Dinsell, Y C Lee, M J Blaser and S B Abramson. 2005. Matrix metalloproteinase secretion by gastric epithelial cells is regulated by E prostaglandins and MAPKs. J Biol Chem, 280(11): 9973-9979
Platt, J and R A Bucknall. 1985. The disinfection of respiratory syncytial virus by isopropanol and a chlorhexidine-detergent handwash. J Hosp Infect, 6(1): 89-94
Ploubidou, A, V Moreau, K Ashman, I Reckmann, C Gonzalez and M Way. 2000. Vaccinia virus infection disrupts microtubule organization and centrosome function. Embo J, 19(15): 3932-3944
Puhlmann, M, C K Brown, M Gnant, J Huang, S K Libutti, H R Alexander and D L Bartlett. 2000. Vaccinia as a vector for tumor-directed gene therapy: biodistribution of a thymidine kinase-deleted mutant. Cancer Gene Ther, 7(1): 66-73
Raymond, L, S Eck, J Mollmark, E Hays, I Tomek, S Kantor, S Elliott and M Vincenti. 2006. Interleukin-1 beta induction of matrix metalloproteinase-1 transcription in chondrocytes requires ERK-dependent activation of CCAAT enhancer-binding protein-beta. J Cell Physiol, 207(3): 683-688
Reunanen, N, S P Li, M Ahonen, M Foschi, J Han and V M Kahari. 2002. Activation of p38 alpha MAPK enhances collagenase-1 (matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-1) and stromelysin-1 (MMP-3) expression by mRNA stabilization. J Biol Chem, 277(35): 32360-32368
Ridley, S H, S J Sarsfield, J C Lee, H F Bigg, T E Cawston, D J Taylor, D L DeWitt and J Saklatvala. 1997. Actions of IL-1 are selectively controlled by p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase: regulation of prostaglandin H synthase-2, metalloproteinases, and IL-6 at different levels. J Immunol, 158(7): 3165-3173 Roberts, J A. 1962. Histopathogenesis of mousepox. I. Respiratory infection. Br J Exp Pathol, 43: 451-461
Roberts, J A. 1962. Histopathogenesis of mousepox. II. Cutaneous infection. Br J Exp Pathol, 43: 462-468
Roberts, K L and G L Smith. 2008. Vaccinia virus morphogenesis and dissemination. Trends Microbiol, 16(10): 472-479
Roening, G and J A Holowczak. 1974. Evidence for the presence of RNA in the purified virions of vaccinia virus. J Virol, 14(3): 704-708
Romanic, A M and J A Madri. 1994. Extracellular matrix-degrading proteinases in the nervous system. Brain Pathol, 4(2): 145-156
Russell, A D. 1986. Chlorhexidine: antibacterial action and bacterial resistance. Infection, 14(5): 212-215
Sanderson, C M, M Way and G L Smith. 1998. Virus-induced cell motility. J Virol, 72(2): 1235-1243
Sasaki, K, M Takagi, Y T Konttinen, A Sasaki, Y Tamaki, T Ogino, S Santavirta and J Salo. 2007. Upregulation of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-1 and its activator MMP-3 of human osteoblast by uniaxial cyclic stimulation. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater, 80(2): 491-498
Sattar, S A, R A Raphael, H Lochnan and V S Springthorpe. 1983. Rotavirus inactivation by chemical disinfectants and antiseptics used in hospitals. Can J Microbiol, 29(10): 1464-1469
Schmalfeldt, B, D Prechtel, K Harting, K Spathe, S Rutke, E Konik, R Fridman, U Berger, M Schmitt, W Kuhn and E Lengyel. 2001. Increased expression of matrix metalloproteinases (MMP)-2, MMP-9, and the urokinase-type plasminogen activator is associated with progression from benign to advanced ovarian cancer. Clin Cancer Res, 7(8): 2396-2404
Schnaper, H W, D S Grant, W G Stetler-Stevenson, R Fridman, G D'Orazi, A N Murphy, R E Bird, M Hoythya, T R Fuerst, D L French and et al. 1993. Type IV collagenase(s) and TIMPs modulate endothelial cell morphogenesis in vitro. J Cell Physiol, 156(2): 235-246
Schonbeck, U, F Mach and P Libby. 1998. Generation of biologically active IL-1 beta by matrix metalloproteinases: a novel caspase-1-independent pathway of IL-1 beta processing. J Immunol, 161(7): 3340-3346
Schramm, B and J K Locker. 2005. Cytoplasmic organization of POXvirus DNA replication. Traffic, 6(10): 839-846
See, D M, P Khemka, L Sahl, T Bui and J G Tilles. 1997. The role of natural killer cells in viral infections. Scand J Immunol, 46(3): 217-224
Seet, B T, J B Johnston, C R Brunetti, J W Barrett, H Everett, C Cameron, J Sypula, S H Nazarian, A Lucas and G McFadden. 2003. Poxviruses and immune evasion. Annu Rev Immunol, 21: 377-423
Senkevich, T G, S Ojeda, A Townsley, G E Nelson and B Moss. 2005. Poxvirus multiprotein entry-fusion complex. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 102(51): 18572-18577
Shapiro, S D. 1998. Matrix metalloproteinase degradation of extracellular matrix: biological consequences. Curr Opin Cell Biol, 10(5): 602-608
Sheen-Chen, S M, H S Chen, H L Eng, C C Sheen and W J Chen. 2001. Serum levels of matrix metalloproteinase 2 in patients with breast cancer. Cancer Lett, 173(1): 79-82
Shipley, J M, G A Doyle, C J Fliszar, Q Z Ye, L L Johnson, S D Shapiro, H G Welgus and R M Senior. 1996. The structural basis for the elastolytic activity of the 92-kDa and 72-kDa gelatinases. Role of the fibronectin type II-like repeats. J Biol Chem, 271(8): 4335-4341
Sitia, G, M Isogawa, M Iannacone, I L Campbell, F V Chisari and L G Guidotti. 2004. MMPs are required for recruitment of antigen-nonspecific mononuclear cells into the liver by CTLs. J Clin Invest, 113(8): 1158-1167
Skiles, J W, N C Gonnella and A Y Jeng. 2004. The design, structure, and clinical update of small molecular weight matrix metalloproteinase inhibitors. Curr Med Chem, 11(22): 2911-2977
Smith, G L, A Vanderplasschen and M Law. 2002. The formation and function of extracellular enveloped vaccinia virus. J Gen Virol, 83(Pt 12): 2915-2931
Smith, S A and G J Kotwal. 2002. Immune response to poxvirus infections in various animals. CritRev Microbiol, 28(3): 149-185
Sodeik, B, R W Doms, M Ericsson, G Hiller, C E Machamer, W van 't Hof, G van Meer, B Moss and G Griffiths. 1993. Assembly of vaccinia virus: role of the intermediate compartment between the endoplasmic reticulum and the Golgi stacks. J Cell Biol, 121(3): 521-541
Sorsa, T, T Ingman, K Suomalainen, M Haapasalo, Y T Konttinen, O Lindy, H Saari and V J Uitto. 1992. Identification of proteases from periodontopathogenic bacteria as activators of latent human neutrophil and fibroblast-type interstitial collagenases. Infect Immun, 60(11): 4491-4495
Sorsa, T, T Salo, E Koivunen, J Tyynela, Y T Konttinen, U Bergmann, A Tuuttila, E Niemi, O Teronen, P Heikkila, H Tschesche, J Leinonen, S Osman and U H Stenman. 1997. Activation of type IV procollagenases by human tumor-associated trypsin-2. J Biol Chem, 272(34): 21067-21074
Sporer, B, U Koedel, R Paul, B Kohleisen, V Erfle, A Fontana and H W Pfister. 2000. Human immunodeficiency virus type-1 Nef protein induces blood-brain barrier disruption in the rat: role of matrix metalloproteinase-9. J Neuroimmunol, 102(2): 125-130
St-Pierre, Y, J Couillard and C Van Themsche. 2004. Regulation of MMP-9 gene expression for the development of novel molecular targets against cancer and inflammatory diseases. Expert Opin Ther Targets, 8(5): 473-489
Stanford, M M and G McFadden. 2007. Myxoma virus and oncolytic virotherapy: a new biologic weapon in the war against cancer. Expert Opin Biol Ther, 7(9): 1415-1425
Stanford, M M, G McFadden, G Karupiah and G Chaudhri. 2007. Immunopathogenesis of poxvirus infections: forecasting the impending storm. Immunol Cell Biol, 85(2): 93-102
Stanford, M M, S J Werden and G McFadden. 2007. Myxoma virus in the European rabbit: interactions between the virus and its susceptible host. Vet Res, 38(2): 299-318
Stern, W and S Dales. 1974. Biogenesis of vaccinia: concerning the origin of the envelope phospholipids. Virology, 62(2): 293-306
Sternlicht, M D and Z Werb. 2001. How matrix metalloproteinases regulate cell behavior. Annu Rev Cell Dev Biol, 17: 463-516
Stetler-Stevenson, W G. 1990. Type IV collagenases in tumor invasion and metastasis. Cancer Metastasis Rev, 9(4): 289-303
Stetler-Stevenson, W G, H C Krutzsch and L A Liotta. 1989. Tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase (TIMP-2). A new member of the metalloproteinase inhibitor family. J Biol Chem, 264(29): 17374-17378
Stickl, H, V Hochstein-Mintzel, A Mayr, H C Huber, H Schafer and A Holzner. 1974. [MVA vaccination against smallpox: clinical tests with an attenuated live vaccinia virus strain (MVA) (author's transl)]. Dtsch Med Wochenschr, 99(47): 2386-2392
Stocker, W, F Grams, U Baumann, P Reinemer, F X Gomis-Ruth, D B McKay and W Bode. 1995.
The metzincins--topological and sequential relations between the astacins, adamalysins, serralysins, and matrixins (collagenases) define a superfamily of zinc-peptidases. Protein Sci, 4(5): 823-840
Stokes, G V. 1976. High-voltage electron microscope study of the release of vaccinia virus from whole cells. J Virol, 18(2): 636-643
Strongin, A Y, I Collier, G Bannikov, B L Marmer, G A Grant and G I Goldberg. 1995. Mechanism of cell surface activation of 72-kDa type IV collagenase. Isolation of the activated form of the membrane metalloprotease. J Biol Chem, 270(10): 5331-5338
Strongin, A Y, B L Marmer, G A Grant and G I Goldberg. 1993. Plasma membrane-dependent activation of the 72-kDa type IV collagenase is prevented by complex formation with TIMP-2. J Biol Chem, 268(19): 14033-14039
Suryadevara, R, S Holter, K Borgmann, R Persidsky, C Labenz-Zink, Y Persidsky, H E Gendelman, L Wu and A Ghorpade. 2003. Regulation of tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 by astrocytes: links to HIV-1 dementia. Glia, 44(1): 47-56
Suzan-Monti, M, B La Scola and D Raoult. 2006. Genomic and evolutionary aspects of Mimivirus. Virus Res, 117(1): 145-155
Suzuki, M, G Raab, M A Moses, C A Fernandez and M Klagsbrun. 1997. Matrix metalloproteinase-3 releases active heparin-binding EGF-like growth factor by cleavage at a specific juxtamembrane site. J Biol Chem, 272(50): 31730-31737
Swords, W E, P C Guenthner, K A Birkness, R B Lal, C S Dezzutti and F D Quinn. 2006. Mycobacterium xenopi multiplies within human macrophages and enhances HIV replication in vitro. Microb Pathog, 40(2): 41-47
Tada, H, O Shiho, K Kuroshima, M Koyama and K Tsukamoto. 1986. An improved colorimetric assay for interleukin 2. J Immunol Methods, 93(2): 157-165
Tartaglia, J, S Pincus and E Paoletti. 1990. Poxvirus-based vectors as vaccine candidates. Crit Rev Immunol, 10(1): 13-30
Thrailkill, K M, L D Quarles, H Nagase, K Suzuki, D M Serra and J L Fowlkes. 1995. Characterization of insulin-like growth factor-binding protein 5-degrading proteases produced throughout murine osteoblast differentiation. Endocrinology, 136(8): 3527-3533
Tortorella, D, B E Gewurz, M H Furman, D J Schust and H L Ploegh. 2000. Viral subversion of the immune system. Annu Rev Immunol, 18: 861-926
Turner, P C and R W Moyer. 2002. Poxvirus immune modulators: functional insights from animal models. Virus Res, 88(1-2): 35-53
Upton, C, S Slack, A L Hunter, A Ehlers and R L Roper. 2003. Poxvirus orthologous clusters: toward defining the minimum essential poxvirus genome. J Virol, 77(13): 7590-7600
Vaha-Koskela, M J, J E Heikkila and A E Hinkkanen. 2007. Oncolytic viruses in cancer therapy. Cancer Lett, 254(2): 178-216
Valderrama, F, J V Cordeiro, S Schleich, F Frischknecht and M Way. 2006. Vaccinia virus-induced cell motility requires F11L-mediated inhibition of RhoA signaling. Science, 311(5759): 377-381 Van den Steen, P E, B Dubois, I Nelissen, P M Rudd, R A Dwek and G Opdenakker. 2002.
Biochemistry and molecular biology of gelatinase B or matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9). Crit Rev Biochem Mol Biol, 37(6): 375-536
Vanderplasschen, A and P P Pastoret. 2003. The uses of poxviruses as vectors. Curr Gene Ther, 3(6): 583-595
Vanderplasschen, A and G L Smith. 1997. A novel virus binding assay using confocal microscopy: demonstration that the intracellular and extracellular vaccinia virions bind to different cellular receptors. J Virol, 71(5): 4032-4041
Vincenti, M P and C E Brinckerhoff. 2007. Signal transduction and cell-type specific regulation of matrix metalloproteinase gene expression: can MMPs be good for you? J Cell Physiol, 213(2): 355-364
Visse, R and H Nagase. 2003. Matrix metalloproteinases and tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases: structure, function, and biochemistry. Circ Res, 92(8): 827-839
Vistica, D T, P Skehan, D Scudiero, A Monks, A Pittman and M R Boyd. 1991. Tetrazolium-based assays for cellular viability: a critical examination of selected parameters affecting formazan production. Cancer Res, 51(10): 2515-2520
von Bredow, D C, A E Cress, E W Howard, G T Bowden and R B Nagle. 1998. Activation of gelatinase-tissue-inhibitors-of-metalloproteinase complexes by matrilysin. Biochem J, 331 ( Pt 3): 965-972
Wang, F, Y Ma, J W Barrett, X Gao, J Loh, E Barton, H W Virgin and G McFadden. 2004. Disruption of Erk-dependent type I interferon induction breaks the myxoma virus species barrier. Nat Immunol, 5(12): 1266-1274
Wang, H and J A Keiser. 1998. Vascular endothelial growth factor upregulates the expression of matrix metalloproteinases in vascular smooth muscle cells: role of flt-1. Circ Res, 83(8): 832-840
Wasilenko, S T, L Banadyga, D Bond and M Barry. 2005. The vaccinia virus F1L protein interacts with the proapoptotic protein Bak and inhibits Bak activation. J Virol, 79(22): 14031-14043
Webster, N L and S M Crowe. 2006. Matrix metalloproteinases, their production by monocytes and macrophages and their potential role in HIV-related diseases. J Leukoc Biol, 80(5): 1052-1066
Weeks, B S. 1998. The role of HIV-1 activated leukocyte adhesion mechanisms and matrix metalloproteinase secretion in AIDS pathogenesis (Review). Int J Mol Med, 1(2): 361-366
Weeks, B S, M E Klotman, E Holloway, W G Stetler-Stevenson, H K Kleinman and P E Klotman. 1993. HIV-1 infection stimulates T cell invasiveness and synthesis of the 92-kDa type IV collagenase. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses, 9(6): 513-518
Werden, S J and G McFadden. 2008. The role of cell signaling in poxvirus tropism: the case of the M-T5 host range protein of myxoma virus. Biochim Biophys Acta, 1784(1): 228-237
Westwood, J C, E A Boulter, E T Bowen and H B Maber. 1966. Experimental respiratory infection with poxviruses. I. Clinical virological and epidemiological studies. Br J Exp Pathol, 47(5): 453-465
Whittaker, M, C D Floyd, P Brown and A J Gearing. 1999. Design and therapeutic application of matrix metalloproteinase inhibitors. Chem Rev, 99(9): 2735-2776
Wilhelm, S M, I E Collier, B L Marmer, A Z Eisen, G A Grant and G I Goldberg. 1989.
SV40-transformed human lung fibroblasts secrete a 92-kDa type IV collagenase which is identical to that secreted by normal human macrophages. J Biol Chem, 264(29): 17213-17221
Wittek, R and B Moss. 1980. Tandem repeats within the inverted terminal repetition of vaccinia virus DNA. Cell, 21(1): 277-284
Woo, C H, J H Lim and J H Kim. 2004. Lipopolysaccharide induces matrix metalloproteinase-9 expression via a mitochondrial reactive oxygen species-p38 kinase-activator protein-1 pathway in Raw 264.7 cells. J Immunol, 173(11): 6973-6980
Wurtz, S O, A S Schrohl, N M Sorensen, U Lademann, I J Christensen, H Mouridsen and N Brunner. 2005. Tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases-1 in breast cancer. Endocr Relat Cancer, 12(2): 215-227
Yadav, R, K Y Larbi, R E Young and S Nourshargh. 2003. Migration of leukocytes through the vessel wall and beyond. Thromb Haemost, 90(4): 598-606
Yadav, V, G Marracci, J Lovera, W Woodward, K Bogardus, W Marquardt, L Shinto, C Morris and D Bourdette. 2005. Lipoic acid in multiple sclerosis: a pilot study. Mult Scler, 11(2): 159-165
Yamada, H, Q T Le, A Kousaka, Y Higashi, M Tsukane and H Kido. 2006. Sendai virus infection up-regulates trypsin I and matrix metalloproteinase-9, triggering viral multiplication and matrix degradation in rat lungs and lung L2 cells. Arch Virol, 151(12): 2529-2537
Yan, C and D D Boyd. 2007. Regulation of matrix metalloproteinase gene expression. J Cell Physiol, 211(1): 19-26
Yana, I and M Seiki. 2002. MT-MMPs play pivotal roles in cancer dissemination. Clin Exp Metastasis, 19(3): 209-215
Yasuda, S, S Miyazaki, H Kinoshita, N Nagaya, M Kanda, Y Goto and H Nonogi. 2007. Enhanced cardiac production of matrix metalloproteinase-2 and -9 and its attenuation associated with pravastatin treatment in patients with acute myocardial infarction. Clin Sci (Lond), 112(1): 43-49
Yu, Q and I Stamenkovic. 2000. Cell surface-localized matrix metalloproteinase-9 proteolytically activates TGF-beta and promotes tumor invasion and angiogenesis. Genes Dev, 14(2): 163-176
Yun, C O. 2008. Overcoming the extracellular matrix barrier to improve intratumoral spread and therapeutic potential of oncolytic virotherapy. Curr Opin Mol Ther, 10(4): 356-361
Zamaria, N. 2004. Alteration of polyunsaturated fatty acid status and metabolism in health and disease. Reprod Nutr Dev, 44(3): 273-282
Zemke, D and A Majid. 2004. The potential of minocycline for neuroprotection in human neurologic disease. Clin Neuropharmacol, 27(6): 293-298
Zink, M C, J Uhrlaub, J DeWitt, T Voelker, B Bullock, J Mankowski, P Tarwater, J Clements and S Barber. 2005. Neuroprotective and anti-human immunodeficiency virus activity of minocycline. Jama, 293(16): 2003-2011
Zucker, S, J Cao and W T Chen. 2000. Critical appraisal of the use of matrix metalloproteinase inhibitors in cancer treatment. Oncogene, 19(56): 6642-6650
Zuniga, M C. 2003. Lessons in detente or know thy host: the immunomodulatory gene products of myxoma virus. J Biosci, 28(3): 273-285
Zuniga, M C, H Wang, M Barry and G McFadden. 1999. Endosomal/lysosomal retention and degradation of major histocompatibility complex class I molecules is induced by myxoma virus. Virology, 261(2): 180-192
Zwartouw, H T. 1964. The Chemical Composition Of Vaccinia Virus. J Gen Microbiol, 34: 115-123
Afonso, C L, E R Tulman, Z Lu, L Zsak, F A Osorio, C Balinsky, G F Kutish and D L Rock. 2002. The genome of swinepox virus. J Virol, 76(2): 783-790
Aggarwal, B B, S Shishodia, S K Sandur, M K Pandey and G Sethi. 2006. Inflammation and cancer: how hot is the link? Biochem Pharmacol, 72(11): 1605-1621
Alcami, A. 2003. Viral mimicry of cytokines, chemokines and their receptors. Nat Rev Immunol, 3(1): 36-50
Alcami, A and G L Smith. 2002. The vaccinia virus soluble interferon-gamma receptor is a homodimer. J Gen Virol, 83(Pt 3): 545-549
Alcami, A, J A Symons, P D Collins, T J Williams and G L Smith. 1998. Blockade of chemokine activity by a soluble chemokine binding protein from vaccinia virus. J Immunol, 160(2): 624-633
Amour, A, P M Slocombe, A Webster, M Butler, C G Knight, B J Smith, P E Stephens, C Shelley, M Hutton, V Knauper, A J Docherty and G Murphy. 1998. TNF-alpha converting enzyme (TACE) is inhibited by TIMP-3. FEBS Lett, 435(1): 39-44
Arlen, P M, H L Kaufman and R S DiPaola. 2005. Pox viral vaccine approaches. Semin Oncol, 32(6): 549-555
Armstrong, J A, D H Metz and M R Young. 1973. The mode of entry of vaccinia virus into L cells. J Gen Virol, 21(3): 533-537
Arner, E C, M A Pratta, B Freimark, M Lischwe, J M Trzaskos, R L Magolda and S W Wright. 1996. Isothiazolones interfere with normal matrix metalloproteinase activation and inhibit cartilage proteoglycan degradation. Biochem J, 318 ( Pt 2): 417-424
Atkinson, S J, T Crabbe, S Cowell, R V Ward, M J Butler, H Sato, M Seiki, J J Reynolds and G Murphy. 1995. Intermolecular autolytic cleavage can contribute to the activation of progelatinase A by cell membranes. J Biol Chem, 270(51): 30479-30485
Bablanian, R. 1970. Studies on the mechanism of vaccinia virus cytopathic effects: effect of inhibutors of RNA and protein synthesis on early virus-induced cell damage. J Gen Virol, 6(2): 221-230
Bablanian, R, B Baxt, J A Sonnabend and M Esteban. 1978. Studies on the mechanisms of vaccinia virus cytopathic effects. II. Early cell rounding is associated with virus polypeptide synthesis. J Gen Virol, 39(3): 403-413
Barcena, J, M Morales, B Vazquez, J A Boga, F Parra, J Lucientes, A Pages-Mante, J M Sanchez-Vizcaino, R Blasco and J M Torres. 2000. Horizontal transmissible protection against myxomatosis and rabbit hemorrhagic disease by using a recombinant myxoma virus. J Virol, 74(3): 1114-1123
Barchowsky, A, D Frleta and M P Vincenti. 2000. Integration of the NF-kappaB and mitogen-activated protein kinase/AP-1 pathways at the collagenase-1 promoter: divergence of IL-1 and TNF-dependent signal transduction in rabbit primary synovial fibroblasts. Cytokine, 12(10): 1469-1479
Baroudy, B M, S Venkatesan and B Moss. 1982. Incompletely base-paired flip-flop terminal loopslink the two DNA strands of the vaccinia virus genome into one uninterrupted polynucleotide chain. Cell, 28(2): 315-324
Barrett, J W, J X Cao, S Hota-Mitchell and G McFadden. 2001. Immunomodulatory proteins of myxoma virus. Semin Immunol, 13(1): 73-84
Barry, M and R C Bleackley. 2002. Cytotoxic T lymphocytes: all roads lead to death. Nat Rev Immunol, 2(6): 401-409
Barry, M, S Hnatiuk, K Mossman, S F Lee, L Boshkov and G McFadden. 1997. The myxoma virus M-T4 gene encodes a novel RDEL-containing protein that is retained within the endoplasmic reticulum and is important for the productive infection of lymphocytes. Virology, 239(2): 360-377
Barry, M, S F Lee, L Boshkov and G McFadden. 1995. Myxoma virus induces extensive CD4 downregulation and dissociation of p56lck in infected rabbit CD~(4+) T lymphocytes. J Virol, 69(9): 5243-5251
Bawadi, H A, T M Antunes, F Shih and J N Losso. 2004. In vitro inhibition of the activation of Pro-matrix Metalloproteinase 1 (Pro-MMP-1) and Pro-matrix metalloproteinase 9 (Pro-MMP-9) by rice and soybean Bowman-Birk inhibitors. J Agric Food Chem, 52(15): 4730-4736
Baxby, D (1981). Jenner's smallpox vaccine : the riddle of vaccinia virus and its origin. London, Heinemann Educational Books.
Bazin, H. 2000. [Eradication of smallpox, already 20 years ago]. Bull Acad Natl Med, 184(1): 89-99; discussion 99-104
Beattie, E, E Paoletti and J Tartaglia. 1995. Distinct patterns of IFN sensitivity observed in cells infected with vaccinia K3L- and E3L- mutant viruses. Virology, 210(2): 254-263
Becker, Y. 2003. Vaccinia virus pathogenicity in atopic dermatitis is caused by allergen-induced immune response that prevents the antiviral cellular and humoral immunity. Virus Genes, 27(3): 269-282
Bedard, E L, J Jiang, J Arp, H Qian, H Wang, H Guan, L Liu, N Parry, P Kim, B Garcia, X Li, C Macaulay, G McFadden, A Lucas and R Zhong. 2006. Prevention of chronic renal allograft rejection by SERP-1 protein. Transplantation, 81(6): 908-914
Benbow, U and C E Brinckerhoff. 1997. The AP-1 site and MMP gene regulation: what is all the fuss about? Matrix Biol, 15(8-9): 519-526
Bertagnoli, S, J Gelfi, G Le Gall, E Boilletot, J F Vautherot, D Rasschaert, S Laurent, F Petit, C Boucraut-Baralon and A Milon. 1996. Protection against myxomatosis and rabbit viral hemorrhagic disease with recombinant myxoma viruses expressing rabbit hemorrhagic disease virus capsid protein. J Virol, 70(8): 5061-5066
Best, S M, S V Collins and P J Kerr. 2000. Coevolution of host and virus: cellular localization of virus in myxoma virus infection of resistant and susceptible European rabbits. Virology, 277(1): 76-91
Best, S M and P J Kerr. 2000. Coevolution of host and virus: the pathogenesis of virulent and attenuated strains of myxoma virus in resistant and susceptible European rabbits. Virology, 267(1): 36-48 Birkedal-Hansen, H, W G Moore, M K Bodden, L J Windsor, B Birkedal-Hansen, A DeCarlo and J A Engler. 1993. Matrix metalloproteinases: a review. Crit Rev Oral Biol Med, 4(2): 197-250
Biron, C A. 1998. Role of early cytokines, including alpha and beta interferons (IFN-alpha/beta), in innate and adaptive immune responses to viral infections. Semin Immunol, 10(5): 383-390
Bixel, M G, B Petri, A G Khandoga, A Khandoga, K Wolburg-Buchholz, H Wolburg, S Marz, F
Krombach and D Vestweber. 2007. A CD99-related antigen on endothelial cells mediates neutrophil but not lymphocyte extravasation in vivo. Blood, 109(12): 5327-5336
Boehm, S and S Huck. 1997. Receptors controlling transmitter release from sympathetic neurons in vitro. Prog Neurobiol, 51(3): 225-242
Bond, M, A H Baker and A C Newby. 1999. Nuclear factor kappaB activity is essential for matrix metalloproteinase-1 and -3 upregulation in rabbit dermal fibroblasts. Biochem Biophys Res Commun, 264(2): 561-567
Bond, M, A J Chase, A H Baker and A C Newby. 2001. Inhibition of transcription factor NF-kappaB reduces matrix metalloproteinase-1, -3 and -9 production by vascular smooth muscle cells. Cardiovasc Res, 50(3): 556-565
Bond, M, R P Fabunmi, A H Baker and A C Newby. 1998. Synergistic upregulation of metalloproteinase-9 by growth factors and inflammatory cytokines: an absolute requirement for transcription factor NF-kappa B. FEBS Lett, 435(1): 29-34
Bondeson, J, F Brennan, B Foxwell and M Feldmann. 2000. Effective adenoviral transfer of IkappaBalpha into human fibroblasts and chondrosarcoma cells reveals that the induction of matrix metalloproteinases and proinflammatory cytokines is nuclear factor-kappaB dependent. J Rheumatol, 27(9): 2078-2089
Bonnefoy, J Y. 2004. Cancer vaccines. Expert Opin Ther Targets, 8(6): 521-525
Borden, P and R A Heller. 1997. Transcriptional control of matrix metalloproteinases and the tissue inhibitors of matrix metalloproteinases. Crit Rev Eukaryot Gene Expr, 7(1-2): 159-178
Boshkov, L K, J L Macen and G McFadden. 1992. Virus-induced loss of class I MHC antigens from the surface of cells infected with myxoma virus and malignant rabbit fibroma virus. J Immunol, 148(3): 881-887
Bowie, A, E Kiss-Toth, J A Symons, G L Smith, S K Dower and L A O'Neill. 2000. A46R and A52R from vaccinia virus are antagonists of host IL-1 and toll-like receptor signaling. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 97(18): 10162-10167
Brinckerhoff, C E and L M Matrisian. 2002. Matrix metalloproteinases: a tail of a frog that became a prince. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol, 3(3): 207-214
Brutkiewicz, R R, S J Klaus and R M Welsh. 1992. Window of vulnerability of vaccinia virus-infected cells to natural killer (NK) cell-mediated cytolysis correlates with enhanced NK cell triggering and is concomitant with a decrease in H-2 class I antigen expression. Nat Immun, 11(4): 203-214
Buller, R M and G J Palumbo. 1991. Poxvirus pathogenesis. Microbiol Rev, 55(1): 80-122
Butler, G S, M J Butler, S J Atkinson, H Will, T Tamura, S Schade van Westrum, T Crabbe, J Clements, M P d'Ortho and G Murphy. 1998. The TIMP2 membrane type 1 metalloproteinase "receptor" regulates the concentration and efficient activation of progelatinase A. A kinetic study. J Biol Chem, 273(2): 871-880
Cameron, C, S Hota-Mitchell, L Chen, J Barrett, J X Cao, C Macaulay, D Willer, D Evans and G McFadden. 1999. The complete DNA sequence of myxoma virus. Virology, 264(2): 298-318
Candelario-Jalil, E, Y Yang and G A Rosenberg. 2009. Diverse roles of matrix metalloproteinases and tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases in neuroinflammation and cerebral ischemia. Neuroscience, 158(3): 983-994
Carrasco, L and M Esteban. 1982. Modification of membrane permeability in vaccinia virus-infectedcells. Virology, 117(1): 62-69
Carroll, M W and B Moss. 1997. Poxviruses as expression vectors. Curr Opin Biotechnol, 8(5): 573-577
Carter, G C, M Law, M Hollinshead and G L Smith. 2005. Entry of the vaccinia virus intracellular mature virion and its interactions with glycosaminoglycans. J Gen Virol, 86(Pt 5): 1279-1290
Cauwe, B, P E Van den Steen and G Opdenakker. 2007. The biochemical, biological, and pathological kaleidoscope of cell surface substrates processed by matrix metalloproteinases. Crit Rev Biochem Mol Biol, 42(3): 113-185
Chakrabarti, S, J R Sisler and B Moss. 1997. Compact, synthetic, vaccinia virus early/late promoter for protein expression. Biotechniques, 23(6): 1094-1097
Chambers, A F and L M Matrisian. 1997. Changing views of the role of matrix metalloproteinases in metastasis. J Natl Cancer Inst, 89(17): 1260-1270
Chang, A and D H Metz. 1976. Further investigations on the mode of entry of vaccinia virus into cells. J Gen Virol, 32(2): 275-282
Chang, W, J C Hsiao, C S Chung and C H Bair. 1995. Isolation of a monoclonal antibody which blocks vaccinia virus infection. J Virol, 69(1): 517-522
Chapel, C, V Camara, P Clayette, S Salvat, A Mabondzo, V Leblond, D Marce, C Lafuma and D Dormont. 1994. Modulations of 92kDa gelatinase B and its inhibitors are associated with HIV-1 infection in human macrophage cultures. Biochem Biophys Res Commun, 204(3): 1272-1278
Cheng, J, H Sauthoff, Y Huang, D I Kutler, S Bajwa, W N Rom and J G Hay. 2007. Human matrix metalloproteinase-8 gene delivery increases the oncolytic activity of a replicating adenovirus. Mol Ther, 15(11): 1982-1990
Cheung, C, H Luo, B Yanagawa, H S Leong, D Samarasekera, J C Lai, A Suarez, J Zhang and B M McManus. 2006. Matrix metalloproteinases and tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases in coxsackievirus-induced myocarditis. Cardiovasc Pathol, 15(2): 63-74
Cheung, C, D Marchant, E K Walker, Z Luo, J Zhang, B Yanagawa, M Rahmani, J Cox, C Overall, R M Senior, H Luo and B M McManus. 2008. Ablation of matrix metalloproteinase-9 increases severity of viral myocarditis in mice. Circulation, 117(12): 1574-1582
Christov, A, E Dai, L Liu, L W Miller, P Nash, A Lalani, G McFadden, P N Nation, J Tulip and A Lucas. 1999. Detection of transplant vasculopathy in a rat aortic allograft model by fluorescence spectroscopic optical analysis. Lasers Surg Med, 24(5): 346-359
Chung, T W, Y C Lee and C H Kim. 2004. Hepatitis B viral HBx induces matrix metalloproteinase-9 gene expression through activation of ERK and PI-3K/AKT pathways: involvement of invasive potential. Faseb J, 18(10): 1123-1125
Chung, T W, S K Moon, Y C Lee, J G Kim, J H Ko and C H Kim. 2002. Enhanced expression of matrix metalloproteinase-9 by hepatitis B virus infection in liver cells. Arch Biochem Biophys, 408(2): 147-154
Collier, I E, P A Krasnov, A Y Strongin, H Birkedal-Hansen and G I Goldberg. 1992. Alanine scanning mutagenesis and functional analysis of the fibronectin-like collagen-binding domain from human 92-kDa type IV collagenase. J Biol Chem, 267(10): 6776-6781
Collier, I E, S M Wilhelm, A Z Eisen, B L Marmer, G A Grant, J L Seltzer, A Kronberger, C S He, E A
Bauer and G I Goldberg. 1988. H-ras oncogene-transformed human bronchial epithelial cells (TBE-1) secrete a single metalloprotease capable of degrading basement membrane collagen. J Biol Chem, 263(14): 6579-6587
Corcoran, M L, R E Hewitt, D E Kleiner, Jr. and W G Stetler-Stevenson. 1996. MMP-2: expression, activation and inhibition. Enzyme Protein, 49(1-3): 7-19
Corcoran, M L and W G Stetler-Stevenson. 1995. Tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-2 stimulates fibroblast proliferation via a cAMP-dependent mechanism. J Biol Chem, 270(22): 13453-13459
Coussens, L M, B Fingleton and L M Matrisian. 2002. Matrix metalloproteinase inhibitors and cancer: trials and tribulations. Science, 295(5564): 2387-2392
Cowell, S, V Knauper, M L Stewart, M P D'Ortho, H Stanton, R M Hembry, C Lopez-Otin, J J Reynolds and G Murphy. 1998. Induction of matrix metalloproteinase activation cascades based on membrane-type 1 matrix metalloproteinase: associated activation of gelatinase A, gelatinase B and collagenase 3. Biochem J, 331 ( Pt 2): 453-458
Cudmore, S, P Cossart, G Griffiths and M Way. 1995. Actin-based motility of vaccinia virus. Nature, 378(6557): 636-638
Cunningham, M W and R S Fujinami (2000). Effects of microbes on the immune system. Philadelphia ; London, Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.
Curran, S and G I Murray. 2000. Matrix metalloproteinases: molecular aspects of their roles in tumour invasion and metastasis. Eur J Cancer, 36(13 Spec No): 1621-1630
Cuzner, M L and G Opdenakker. 1999. Plasminogen activators and matrix metalloproteases, mediators of extracellular proteolysis in inflammatory demyelination of the central nervous system. J Neuroimmunol, 94(1-2): 1-14
Cyrklaff, M, C Risco, J J Fernandez, M V Jimenez, M Esteban, W Baumeister and J L Carrascosa. 2005. Cryo-electron tomography of vaccinia virus. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 102(8): 2772-2777
d'Ortho, M P, H Will, S Atkinson, G Butler, A Messent, J Gavrilovic, B Smith, R Timpl, L Zardi and G Murphy. 1997. Membrane-type matrix metalloproteinases 1 and 2 exhibit broad-spectrum proteolytic capacities comparable to many matrix metalloproteinases. Eur J Biochem, 250(3): 751-757
Dabbagh, K, Y Xiao, C Smith, P Stepick-Biek, S G Kim, W J Lamm, D H Liggitt and D B Lewis. 2000. Local blockade of allergic airway hyperreactivity and inflammation by the poxvirus-derived pan-CC-chemokine inhibitor vCCI. J Immunol, 165(6): 3418-3422
Dallas, S L, J L Rosser, G R Mundy and L F Bonewald. 2002. Proteolysis of latent transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta )-binding protein-1 by osteoclasts. A cellular mechanism for release of TGF-beta from bone matrix. J Biol Chem, 277(24): 21352-21360
Dangerfield, J, K Y Larbi, M T Huang, A Dewar and S Nourshargh. 2002. PECAM-1 (CD31) homophilic interaction up-regulates alpha6beta1 on transmigrated neutrophils in vivo and plays a functional role in the ability of alpha6 integrins to mediate leukocyte migration through the perivascular basement membrane. J Exp Med, 196(9): 1201-1211
De Barros, S, A Zakaroff-Girard, M Lafontan, J Galitzky and V Bourlier. 2007. Inhibition of human preadipocyte proteasomal activity by HIV protease inhibitors or specific inhibitor lactacystin leads to a defect in adipogenesis, which involves matrix metalloproteinase-9. J Pharmacol Exp Ther, 320(1): 291-299
de Coignac, A B, G Elson, Y Delneste, G Magistrelli, P Jeannin, J P Aubry, O Berthier, D Schmitt, J YBonnefoy and J F Gauchat. 2000. Cloning of MMP-26. A novel matrilysin-like proteinase. Eur J Biochem, 267(11): 3323-3329
De Palma, A M, H J Thibaut, S Li, I Van Aelst, C Dillen, M Swinnen, E Verbeken, J Neyts and G Opdenakker. 2009. Inflammatory rather than infectious insults play a role in exocrine tissue damage in a mouse model for coxsackievirus B4-induced pancreatitis. J Pathol, 217(5): 633-641
De Palma, A M, E Verbeken, I Van Aelst, P E Van den Steen, G Opdenakker and J Neyts. 2008. Increased gelatinase B/matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP-9) activity in a murine model of acute coxsackievirus B4-induced pancreatitis. Virology, 382(1): 20-27
Dean, J L, M Brook, A R Clark and J Saklatvala. 1999. p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase regulates cyclooxygenase-2 mRNA stability and transcription in lipopolysaccharide-treated human monocytes. J Biol Chem, 274(1): 264-269
DeBruyne, L A, K Li, D K Bishop and J S Bromberg. 2000. Gene transfer of virally encoded chemokine antagonists vMIP-II and MC148 prolongs cardiac allograft survival and inhibits donor-specific immunity. Gene Ther, 7(7): 575-582
DeLange, A M and G McFadden. 1987. Efficient resolution of replicated poxvirus telomeres to native hairpin structures requires two inverted symmetrical copies of a core target DNA sequence. J Virol, 61(6): 1957-1963
Dell'Aica, I, R Caniato, S Biggin and S Garbisa. 2007. Matrix proteases, green tea, and St. John's wort: biomedical research catches up with folk medicine. Clin Chim Acta, 381(1): 69-77
Deng, L, P Dai, W Ding, R D Granstein and S Shuman. 2006. Vaccinia virus infection attenuates innate immune responses and antigen presentation by epidermal dendritic cells. J Virol, 80(20): 9977-9987
Denhardt, D T, B Feng, D R Edwards, E T Cocuzzi and U M Malyankar. 1993. Tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases (TIMP, aka EPA): structure, control of expression and biological functions. Pharmacol Ther, 59(3): 329-341
Denizot, F and R Lang. 1986. Rapid colorimetric assay for cell growth and survival. Modifications to the tetrazolium dye procedure giving improved sensitivity and reliability. J Immunol Methods, 89(2): 271-277
Deryugina, E I and J P Quigley. 2006. Matrix metalloproteinases and tumor metastasis. Cancer Metastasis Rev, 25(1): 9-34
Deryugina, E I, B Ratnikov, E Monosov, T I Postnova, R DiScipio, J W Smith and A Y Strongin. 2001. MT1-MMP initiates activation of pro-MMP-2 and integrin alphavbeta3 promotes maturation of MMP-2 in breast carcinoma cells. Exp Cell Res, 263(2): 209-223
des Gouttes Olgiati, D, B G Pogo and S Dales. 1976. Biogenesis of vaccinia: specific inhibition of rapidly labeled host DNA in vaccinia inoculated cells. Virology, 71(1): 325-335
Dezube, B J, S E Krown, J Y Lee, K S Bauer and D M Aboulafia. 2006. Randomized phase II trial of matrix metalloproteinase inhibitor COL-3 in AIDS-related Kaposi's sarcoma: an AIDS Malignancy Consortium Study. J Clin Oncol, 24(9): 1389-1394
Dhawan, S, L A Toro, B E Jones and M S Meltzer. 1992. Interactions between HIV-infected monocytes and the extracellular matrix: HIV-infected monocytes secrete neutral metalloproteases that degrade basement membrane protein matrices. J Leukoc Biol, 52(2): 244-248
Dhawan, S, B S Weeks, C Soderland, H W Schnaper, L A Toro, S P Asthana, I K Hewlett, W GStetler-Stevenson, S S Yamada, K M Yamada and et al. 1995. HIV-1 infection alters monocyte interactions with human microvascular endothelial cells. J Immunol, 154(1): 422-432
DiPerna, G, J Stack, A G Bowie, A Boyd, G Kotwal, Z Zhang, S Arvikar, E Latz, K A Fitzgerald and W L Marshall. 2004. Poxvirus protein N1L targets the I-kappaB kinase complex, inhibits signaling to NF-kappaB by the tumor necrosis factor superfamily of receptors, and inhibits NF-kappaB and IRF3 signaling by toll-like receptors. J Biol Chem, 279(35): 36570-36578
Domi, A and B Moss. 2002. Cloning the vaccinia virus genome as a bacterial artificial chromosome in Escherichia coli and recovery of infectious virus in mammalian cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 99(19): 12415-12420
Doms, R W, R Blumenthal and B Moss. 1990. Fusion of intra- and extracellular forms of vaccinia virus with the cell membrane. J Virol, 64(10): 4884-4892
Downie, A W and C Espana. 1972. Comparison of Tanapox virus and Yaba-like viruses causing epidemic disease in monkeys. J Hyg (Lond), 70(1): 23-32
Downie, A W and C Espana. 1973. A comparative study of Tanapox and Yaba viruses. J Gen Virol, 19(1): 37-49
Downie, A W, C H Taylor-Robinson, A E Caunt, G S Nelson, P E Manson-Bahr and T C Matthews. 1971. Tanapox: a new disease caused by a pox virus. Br Med J, 1(5745): 363-368
Eberhardt, W, A Huwiler, K F Beck, S Walpen and J Pfeilschifter. 2000. Amplification of IL-1 beta-induced matrix metalloproteinase-9 expression by superoxide in rat glomerular mesangial cells is mediated by increased activities of NF-kappa B and activating protein-1 and involves activation of the mitogen-activated protein kinase pathways. J Immunol, 165(10): 5788-5797
Egeblad, M and Z Werb. 2002. New functions for the matrix metalloproteinases in cancer progression. Nat Rev Cancer, 2(3): 161-174
Elkington, P T, C M O'Kane and J S Friedland. 2005. The paradox of matrix metalloproteinases in infectious disease. Clin Exp Immunol, 142(1): 12-20
Elliott, S F, C I Coon, E Hays, T A Stadheim and M P Vincenti. 2002. Bcl-3 is an interleukin-1-responsive gene in chondrocytes and synovial fibroblasts that activates transcription of the matrix metalloproteinase 1 gene. Arthritis Rheum, 46(12): 3230-3239
English, W R, G Velasco, J O Stracke, V Knauper and G Murphy. 2001. Catalytic activities of membrane-type 6 matrix metalloproteinase (MMP25). FEBS Lett, 491(1-2): 137-142
Essani, K, S Chalasani, R Eversole, L Beuving and L Birmingham. 1994. Multiple anti-cytokine activities secreted from tanapox virus-infected cells. Microb Pathog, 17(5): 347-353
Esteban, D J and R M Buller. 2005. Ectromelia virus: the causative agent of mousepox. J Gen Virol, 86(Pt 10): 2645-2659
Esteban, M. 2009. Attenuated poxvirus vectors MVA and NYVAC as promising vaccine candidates against HIV/AIDS. Hum Vaccin, 5(12)
Everett, H and G McFadden. 2001. Viral proteins and the mitochondrial apoptotic checkpoint. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev, 12(2-3): 181-188
Fabunmi, R P, A H Baker, E J Murray, R F Booth and A C Newby. 1996. Divergent regulation by growth factors and cytokines of 95 kDa and 72 kDa gelatinases and tissue inhibitors or metalloproteinases-1, -2, and -3 in rabbit aortic smooth muscle cells. Biochem J, 315 ( Pt 1): 335-342
Farrar, M A and R D Schreiber. 1993. The molecular cell biology of interferon-gamma and its receptor. Annu Rev Immunol, 11: 571-611
Fenner, F. 1983. The Florey lecture, 1983. Biological control, as exemplified by smallpox eradication and myxomatosis. Proc R Soc Lond B Biol Sci, 218(1212): 259-285
Fenner, F (1988). Smallpox and its eradication. Geneva, World Health Organization.
Fenner, F. 2000. Adventures with poxviruses of vertebrates. FEMS Microbiol Rev, 24(2): 123-133
Fenner, F and F Ratcliffe (1965). Myxomatosis. Cambridge [Eng.], University Press.
Fenner, F, R Wittek and K R Dumbell (1989). The orthopoxviruses. San Diego ; London, Academic Press.
Fenner, F and G M Woodroofe. 1953. The pathogenesis of infectious myxomatosis; the mechanism of infection and the immunological response in the European rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus). Br J Exp Pathol, 34(4): 400-411
Fernandez-Catalan, C, W Bode, R Huber, D Turk, J J Calvete, A Lichte, H Tschesche and K Maskos. 1998. Crystal structure of the complex formed by the membrane type 1-matrix metalloproteinase with the tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases-2, the soluble progelatinase A receptor. Embo J, 17(17): 5238-5248
Fields, B N, D M Knipe and P M Howley (2001). Fields' virology. Philadelphia, Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.
Fields, B N, D M Knipe and P M Howley (2001). Fields virology. Philadelphia ; London, Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.
Fields, B N, D M Knipe and P M Howley. (2007). "Fields' virology." 5th. from http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&MODE=ovid&NEWS=n&PAGE=booktext&D=books&AN=00139921
Fields, B N, D M Knipe and P M Howley (2007). Fields' virology. Philadelphia, Wolters Kluwer Health/Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.
Fingleton, B. 2003. Matrix metalloproteinase inhibitors for cancer therapy:the current situation and future prospects. Expert Opin Ther Targets, 7(3): 385-397
Fisher, S J, T Y Cui, L Zhang, L Hartman, K Grahl, G Y Zhang, J Tarpey and C H Damsky. 1989. Adhesive and degradative properties of human placental cytotrophoblast cells in vitro. J Cell Biol, 109(2): 891-902
Fotakis, G and J A Timbrell. 2006. In vitro cytotoxicity assays: comparison of LDH, neutral red, MTT and protein assay in hepatoma cell lines following exposure to cadmium chloride. Toxicol Lett, 160(2): 171-177
Fowlkes, J L and D M Serra. 1996. Characterization of glycosaminoglycan-binding domains present in insulin-like growth factor-binding protein-3. J Biol Chem, 271(25): 14676-14679
Fowlkes, J L, K M Thrailkill, D M Serra, K Suzuki and H Nagase. 1995. Matrix metalloproteinases as insulin-like growth factor binding protein-degrading proteinases. Prog Growth Factor Res, 6(2-4): 255-263
Freije, J M, I Diez-Itza, M Balbin, L M Sanchez, R Blasco, J Tolivia and C Lopez-Otin. 1994. Molecular cloning and expression of collagenase-3, a novel human matrix metalloproteinase produced by breast carcinomas. J Biol Chem, 269(24): 16766-16773
Frischknecht, F, V Moreau, S Rottger, S Gonfloni, I Reckmann, G Superti-Furga and M Way. 1999.
Actin-based motility of vaccinia virus mimics receptor tyrosine kinase signalling. Nature, 401(6756): 926-929
Galis, Z S, M Muszynski, G K Sukhova, E Simon-Morrissey, E N Unemori, M W Lark, E Amento and P Libby. 1994. Cytokine-stimulated human vascular smooth muscle cells synthesize a complement of enzymes required for extracellular matrix digestion. Circ Res, 75(1): 181-189
Gallea-Robache, S, V Morand, S Millet, J M Bruneau, N Bhatnagar, S Chouaib and S Roman-Roman. 1997. A metalloproteinase inhibitor blocks the shedding of soluble cytokine receptors and processing of transmembrane cytokine precursors in human monocytic cells. Cytokine, 9(5): 340-346
Garbisa, S, R Pozzatti, R J Muschel, U Saffiotti, M Ballin, R H Goldfarb, G Khoury and L A Liotta. 1987. Secretion of type IV collagenolytic protease and metastatic phenotype: induction by transfection with c-Ha-ras but not c-Ha-ras plus Ad2-E1a. Cancer Res, 47(6): 1523-1528
Garon, C F, E Barbosa and B Moss. 1978. Visualization of an inverted terminal repetition in vaccinia virus DNA. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 75(10): 4863-4867
Gearing, A J, P Beckett, M Christodoulou, M Churchill, J Clements, A H Davidson, A H Drummond, W A Galloway, R Gilbert, J L Gordon and et al. 1994. Processing of tumour necrosis factor-alpha precursor by metalloproteinases. Nature, 370(6490): 555-557
Gendron, R, D Grenier, T Sorsa and D Mayrand. 1999. Inhibition of the activities of matrix metalloproteinases 2, 8, and 9 by chlorhexidine. Clin Diagn Lab Immunol, 6(3): 437-439
Gerlier, D and N Thomasset. 1986. Use of MTT colorimetric assay to measure cell activation. J Immunol Methods, 94(1-2): 57-63
Gherardi, M M and M Esteban. 2005. Recombinant poxviruses as mucosal vaccine vectors. J Gen Virol, 86(Pt 11): 2925-2936
Gil, J, J Rullas, J Alcami and M Esteban. 2001. MC159L protein from the poxvirus molluscum contagiosum virus inhibits NF-kappaB activation and apoptosis induced by PKR. J Gen Virol, 82(Pt 12): 3027-3034
Giraudon, P, S Buart, A Bernard, N Thomasset and M F Belin. 1996. Extracellular matrix-remodeling metalloproteinases and infection of the central nervous system with retrovirus human T-lymphotropic virus type I (HTLV-I). Prog Neurobiol, 49(2): 169-184
Giraudon, P, R Szymocha, S Buart, A Bernard, L Cartier, M F Belin and H Akaoka. 2000. T lymphocytes activated by persistent viral infection differentially modify the expression of metalloproteinases and their endogenous inhibitors, TIMPs, in human astrocytes: relevance to HTLV-I-induced neurological disease. J Immunol, 164(5): 2718-2727
Goldberg, G I, I E Collier, A Z Eisen, G A Grant, B L Marmer and S M Wilhelm. 1992. Mosaic structure of the secreted ECM metalloproteases and interaction of the type IV collagenases with inhibitors. Matrix Suppl, 1: 25-30
Goldberg, G I, B L Marmer, G A Grant, A Z Eisen, S Wilhelm and C S He. 1989. Human 72-kilodalton type IV collagenase forms a complex with a tissue inhibitor of metalloproteases designated TIMP-2. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 86(21): 8207-8211
Goldberg, G I, A Strongin, I E Collier, L T Genrich and B L Marmer. 1992. Interaction of 92-kDa type IV collagenase with the tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases prevents dimerization, complex formation with interstitial collagenase, and activation of the proenzyme with stromelysin. J Biol Chem,267(7): 4583-4591
Gong, S C, C F Lai and M Esteban. 1990. Vaccinia virus induces cell fusion at acid pH and this activity is mediated by the N-terminus of the 14-kDa virus envelope protein. Virology, 178(1): 81-91
Gorska, R and M Nedzi-Gora. 2006. The effects of the initial treatment phase and of adjunctive low-dose doxycycline therapy on clinical parameters and MMP-8, MMP-9, and TIMP-1 levels in the saliva and peripheral blood of patients with chronic periodontitis. Arch Immunol Ther Exp (Warsz), 54(6): 419-426
Graham, S C, M W Bahar, S Cooray, R A Chen, D M Whalen, N G Abrescia, D Alderton, R J Owens, D I Stuart, G L Smith and J M Grimes. 2008. Vaccinia virus proteins A52 and B14 Share a Bcl-2-like fold but have evolved to inhibit NF-kappaB rather than apoptosis. PLoS Pathog, 4(8): e1000128
Guerin, J L, J Gelfi, S Boullier, M Delverdier, F A Bellanger, S Bertagnoli, I Drexler, G Sutter and F Messud-Petit. 2002. Myxoma virus leukemia-associated protein is responsible for major histocompatibility complex class I and Fas-CD95 down-regulation and defines scrapins, a new group of surface cellular receptor abductor proteins. J Virol, 76(6): 2912-2923
Guerra, S, L A Lopez-Fernandez, A Pascual-Montano, J L Najera, A Zaballos and M Esteban. 2006. Host response to the attenuated poxvirus vector NYVAC: upregulation of apoptotic genes and NF-kappaB-responsive genes in infected HeLa cells. J Virol, 80(2): 985-998
Gupta, S, T Barrett, A J Whitmarsh, J Cavanagh, H K Sluss, B Derijard and R J Davis. 1996. Selective interaction of JNK protein kinase isoforms with transcription factors. Embo J, 15(11): 2760-2770
Haga, I R and A G Bowie. 2005. Evasion of innate immunity by vaccinia virus. Parasitology, 130 Suppl: S11-25
Hagedorn, M and A Bikfalvi. 2000. Target molecules for anti-angiogenic therapy: from basic research to clinical trials. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol, 34(2): 89-110
Hahon, N and B J Wilson. 1960. Pathogenesis of variola in Macaca irus monkeys. Am J Hyg, 71: 69-80
Han, Z, D L Boyle, K R Aupperle, B Bennett, A M Manning and G S Firestein. 1999. Jun N-terminal kinase in rheumatoid arthritis. J Pharmacol Exp Ther, 291(1): 124-130
Han, Z, D L Boyle, L Chang, B Bennett, M Karin, L Yang, A M Manning and G S Firestein. 2001. c-Jun N-terminal kinase is required for metalloproteinase expression and joint destruction in inflammatory arthritis. J Clin Invest, 108(1): 73-81
Handley, L, R M Buller, S E Frey, C Bellone and S Parker. 2009. The new ACAM2000 vaccine and other therapies to control orthopoxvirus outbreaks and bioterror attacks. Expert Rev Vaccines, 8(7): 841-850
Hanemaaijer, R, J H Verheijen, T M Maguire, H Visser, K Toet, E McDermott, N O'Higgins and M J Duffy. 2000. Increased gelatinase-A and gelatinase-B activities in malignant vs. benign breast tumors. Int J Cancer, 86(2): 204-207
Hansen, M B, S E Nielsen and K Berg. 1989. Re-examination and further development of a precise and rapid dye method for measuring cell growth/cell kill. J Immunol Methods, 119(2): 203-210
Hayakawa, T, K Yamashita, E Ohuchi and A Shinagawa. 1994. Cell growth-promoting activity of tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases-2 (TIMP-2). J Cell Sci, 107 ( Pt 9): 2373-2379
Hayakawa, T, K Yamashita, K Tanzawa, E Uchijima and K Iwata. 1992. Growth-promoting activity of tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases-1 (TIMP-1) for a wide range of cells. A possible new growth factorin serum. FEBS Lett, 298(1): 29-32
Heuser, J. 2005. Deep-etch EM reveals that the early poxvirus envelope is a single membrane bilayer stabilized by a geodetic "honeycomb" surface coat. J Cell Biol, 169(2): 269-283
Hiller, G, K Weber, L Schneider, C Parajsz and C Jungwirth. 1979. Interaction of assembled progeny pox viruses with the cellular cytoskeleton. Virology, 98(1): 142-153
Hiscott, J, H Kwon and P Genin. 2001. Hostile takeovers: viral appropriation of the NF-kappaB pathway. J Clin Invest, 107(2): 143-151
Ho, Y T, J S Yang, T C Li, J J Lin, J G Lin, K C Lai, C Y Ma, W G Wood and J G Chung. 2009. Berberine suppresses in vitro migration and invasion of human SCC-4 tongue squamous cancer cells through the inhibitions of FAK, IKK, NF-kappaB, u-PA and MMP-2 and -9. Cancer Lett, 279(2): 155-162
Holopainen, J M, J A Moilanen, T Sorsa, M Kivela-Rajamaki, T Tervahartiala, M H Vesaluoma and T M Tervo. 2003. Activation of matrix metalloproteinase-8 by membrane type 1-MMP and their expression in human tears after photorefractive keratectomy. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci, 44(6): 2550-2556
Hornebeck, W. 2003. Down-regulation of tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloprotease-1 (TIMP-1) in aged human skin contributes to matrix degradation and impaired cell growth and survival. Pathol Biol (Paris), 51(10): 569-573
Hoshi, O and T Ushiki. 2004. Neutrophil extravasation in rat mesenteric venules induced by the chemotactic peptide N-formyl-methionyl-luecylphenylalanine (fMLP), with special attention to a barrier function of the vascular basal lamina for neutrophil migration. Arch Histol Cytol, 67(1): 107-114
Howell, M D, R L Gallo, M Boguniewicz, J F Jones, C Wong, J E Streib and D Y Leung. 2006. Cytokine milieu of atopic dermatitis skin subverts the innate immune response to vaccinia virus. Immunity, 24(3): 341-348
Hu, J, P E Van den Steen, Q X Sang and G Opdenakker. 2007. Matrix metalloproteinase inhibitors as therapy for inflammatory and vascular diseases. Nat Rev Drug Discov, 6(6): 480-498
Huang, Z, L Wang, S Meng, Y Wang, T Chen and C Wang. 2009. Berberine reduces both MMP-9 and EMMPRIN expression through prevention of p38 pathway activation in PMA-induced macrophages. Int J Cardiol,
Huygelen, C. 1996. [Jenner's cowpox vaccine in light of current vaccinology]. Verh K Acad Geneeskd Belg, 58(5): 479-536; discussion 537-478
Iijima, T, Y Minami, N Nakamura, M Onizuka, Y Morishita, Y Inadome and M Noguchi. 2004. MMP-2 activation and stepwise progression of pulmonary adenocarcinoma: analysis of MMP-2 and MMP-9 with gelatin zymography. Pathol Int, 54(5): 295-301
Imai, K, A Hiramatsu, D Fukushima, M D Pierschbacher and Y Okada. 1997. Degradation of decorin by matrix metalloproteinases: identification of the cleavage sites, kinetic analyses and transforming growth factor-beta1 release. Biochem J, 322 ( Pt 3): 809-814
Itoh, Y, M Kajita, H Kinoh, H Mori, A Okada and M Seiki. 1999. Membrane type 4 matrix metalloproteinase (MT4-MMP, MMP-17) is a glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored proteinase. J Biol Chem, 274(48): 34260-34266
Iyer, L M, L Aravind and E V Koonin. 2001. Common origin of four diverse families of large eukaryotic DNA viruses. J Virol, 75(23): 11720-11734
James, W D, T G Berger, D M Elston and R B Odom (2006). Andrews' diseases of the skin : clinicaldermatology. Philadelphia, Saunders Elsevier.
Jo, Y, J Yeon, H J Kim and S T Lee. 2000. Analysis of tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases-2 effect on pro-matrix metalloproteinase-2 activation by membrane-type 1 matrix metalloproteinase using baculovirus/insect-cell expression system. Biochem J, 345 Pt 3: 511-519
John, A and G Tuszynski. 2001. The role of matrix metalloproteinases in tumor angiogenesis and tumor metastasis. Pathol Oncol Res, 7(1): 14-23
Johnson, L L, R Dyer and D J Hupe. 1998. Matrix metalloproteinases. Curr Opin Chem Biol, 2(4): 466-471
Johnston, J B, J W Barrett, W Chang, C S Chung, W Zeng, J Masters, M Mann, F Wang, J Cao and G McFadden. 2003. Role of the serine-threonine kinase PAK-1 in myxoma virus replication. J Virol, 77(10): 5877-5888
Johnston, J B, Y Jiang, G van Marle, M B Mayne, W Ni, J Holden, J C McArthur and C Power. 2000. Lentivirus infection in the brain induces matrix metalloproteinase expression: role of envelope diversity. J Virol, 74(16): 7211-7220
Johnston, J B and G McFadden. 2003. Poxvirus immunomodulatory strategies: current perspectives. J Virol, 77(11): 6093-6100
Johnston, J B and G McFadden. 2004. Technical knockout: understanding poxvirus pathogenesis by selectively deleting viral immunomodulatory genes. Cell Microbiol, 6(8): 695-705
Johnston, J B, S H Nazarian, R Natale and G McFadden. 2005. Myxoma virus infection of primary human fibroblasts varies with cellular age and is regulated by host interferon responses. Virology, 332(1): 235-248
Kajanne, R, P Miettinen, A Mehlem, S K Leivonen, M Birrer, M Foschi, V M Kahari and S Leppa. 2007. EGF-R regulates MMP function in fibroblasts through MAPK and AP-1 pathways. J Cell Physiol, 212(2): 489-497
Karsdal, M A, L Larsen, M T Engsig, H Lou, M Ferreras, A Lochter, J M Delaisse and N T Foged. 2002. Matrix metalloproteinase-dependent activation of latent transforming growth factor-beta controls the conversion of osteoblasts into osteocytes by blocking osteoblast apoptosis. J Biol Chem, 277(46): 44061-44067
Kerr, P and G McFadden. 2002. Immune responses to myxoma virus. Viral Immunol, 15(2): 229-246
Khan, K M, D J Falcone and R Kraemer. 2002. Nerve growth factor activation of Erk-1 and Erk-2 induces matrix metalloproteinase-9 expression in vascular smooth muscle cells. J Biol Chem, 277(3): 2353-2359
Kheradmand, F, K Rishi and Z Werb. 2002. Signaling through the EGF receptor controls lung morphogenesis in part by regulating MT1-MMP-mediated activation of gelatinase A/MMP2. J Cell Sci, 115(Pt 4): 839-848
Khokha, R. 1994. Suppression of the tumorigenic and metastatic abilities of murine B16-F10 melanoma cells in vivo by the overexpression of the tissue inhibitor of the metalloproteinases-1. J Natl Cancer Inst, 86(4): 299-304
Kim, J R and C H Kim. 2004. Association of a high activity of matrix metalloproteinase-9 to low levels of tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinase-1 and -3 in human hepatitis B-viral hepatoma cells. Int J Biochem Cell Biol, 36(11): 2293-2306
Kim, S, J H Choi, J B Kim, S J Nam, J H Yang, J H Kim and J E Lee. 2008. Berberine suppresses TNF-alpha-induced MMP-9 and cell invasion through inhibition of AP-1 activity in MDA-MB-231 human breast cancer cells. Molecules, 13(12): 2975-2985
Kim, S and J H Chung. 2008. Berberine prevents UV-induced MMP-1 and reduction of type I procollagen expression in human dermal fibroblasts. Phytomedicine, 15(9): 749-753
Knauper, V, B Smith, C Lopez-Otin and G Murphy. 1997. Activation of progelatinase B (proMMP-9) by active collagenase-3 (MMP-13). Eur J Biochem, 248(2): 369-373
Knauper, V, H Will, C Lopez-Otin, B Smith, S J Atkinson, H Stanton, R M Hembry and G Murphy. 1996. Cellular mechanisms for human procollagenase-3 (MMP-13) activation. Evidence that MT1-MMP (MMP-14) and gelatinase a (MMP-2) are able to generate active enzyme. J Biol Chem, 271(29): 17124-17131
Knight, J C, F J Novembre, D R Brown, C S Goldsmith and J J Esposito. 1989. Studies on Tanapox virus. Virology, 172(1): 116-124
Kodama, D, M Saito, W Matsumoto, A H Sabouri, S Izumo, K Arimura, K Usuku, C R Bangham and M Osame. 2004. Longer dinucleotide repeat polymorphism in matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) gene promoter which correlates with higher HTLV-I Tax mediated transcriptional activity influences the risk of HTLV-I associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis (HAM/TSP). J Neuroimmunol, 156(1-2): 188-194
Kojima, S, Y Itoh, S Matsumoto, Y Masuho and M Seiki. 2000. Membrane-type 6 matrix metalloproteinase (MT6-MMP, MMP-25) is the second glycosyl-phosphatidyl inositol (GPI)-anchored MMP. FEBS Lett, 480(2-3): 142-146
Kondapaka, S B, R Fridman and K B Reddy. 1997. Epidermal growth factor and amphiregulin up-regulate matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) in human breast cancer cells. Int J Cancer, 70(6): 722-726
Kotwal, G J, S N Isaacs, R McKenzie, M M Frank and B Moss. 1990. Inhibition of the complement cascade by the major secretory protein of vaccinia virus. Science, 250(4982): 827-830
Krilov, L R and S H Harkness. 1993. Inactivation of respiratory syncytial virus by detergents and disinfectants. Pediatr Infect Dis J, 12(7): 582-584
Kumar, A, S Dhawan, A Mukhopadhyay and B B Aggarwal. 1999. Human immunodeficiency virus-1-tat induces matrix metalloproteinase-9 in monocytes through protein tyrosine phosphatase-mediated activation of nuclear transcription factor NF-kappaB. FEBS Lett, 462(1-2): 140-144
Kurt-Jones, E A, L Popova, L Kwinn, L M Haynes, L P Jones, R A Tripp, E E Walsh, M W Freeman, D T Golenbock, L J Anderson and R W Finberg. 2000. Pattern recognition receptors TLR4 and CD14 mediate response to respiratory syncytial virus. Nat Immunol, 1(5): 398-401
Kutinova, L, V Ludvikova, J Krystofova, M Otavova, V Simonova, S Nemeckova, P Hainz and V Vonka. 1996. Influence of the parental virus strain on the virulence and immunogenicity of recombinant vaccinia viruses expressing HBV preS2-S protein or VZV glycoprotein I. Vaccine, 14(11): 1045-1052
Kwak, H, H Horig and H L Kaufman. 2003. Poxviruses as vectors for cancer immunotherapy. Curr Opin Drug Discov Devel, 6(2): 161-168
Lanzer, W and J A Holowczak. 1975. Polyamines in vaccinia virions and polypeptides released from viral cores by acid extraction. J Virol, 16(5): 1254-1264
Lara-Pezzi, E, M V Gomez-Gaviro, B G Galvez, E Mira, M A Iniguez, M Fresno, A C Martinez, A G Arroyo and M Lopez-Cabrera. 2002. The hepatitis B virus X protein promotes tumor cell invasion by inducing membrane-type matrix metalloproteinase-1 and cyclooxygenase-2 expression. J Clin Invest, 110(12): 1831-1838
Latronico, T, G M Liuzzi, P Riccio, M Lichtner, F Mengoni, C D'Agostino, V Vullo and C M Mastroianni. 2007. Antiretroviral therapy inhibits matrix metalloproteinase-9 from blood mononuclear cells of HIV-infected patients. Aids, 21(6): 677-684
Law, M, R Hollinshead and G L Smith. 2002. Antibody-sensitive and antibody-resistant cell-to-cell spread by vaccinia virus: role of the A33R protein in antibody-resistant spread. J Gen Virol, 83(Pt 1): 209-222
Leco, K J, R Khokha, N Pavloff, S P Hawkes and D R Edwards. 1994. Tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases-3 (TIMP-3) is an extracellular matrix-associated protein with a distinctive pattern of expression in mouse cells and tissues. J Biol Chem, 269(12): 9352-9360
Lee, H J, K Essani and G L Smith. 2001. The genome sequence of Yaba-like disease virus, a yatapoxvirus. Virology, 281(2): 170-192
Lee, S M and S B Kleiboeker. 2005. Porcine arterivirus activates the NF-kappaB pathway through IkappaB degradation. Virology, 342(1): 47-59
Lehti, K, J Lohi, H Valtanen and J Keski-Oja. 1998. Proteolytic processing of membrane-type-1 matrix metalloproteinase is associated with gelatinase A activation at the cell surface. Biochem J, 334 ( Pt 2): 345-353
Levi, E, R Fridman, H Q Miao, Y S Ma, A Yayon and I Vlodavsky. 1996. Matrix metalloproteinase 2 releases active soluble ectodomain of fibroblast growth factor receptor 1. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 93(14): 7069-7074
Levy, M M, M P Fink, J C Marshall, E Abraham, D Angus, D Cook, J Cohen, S M Opal, J L Vincent and G Ramsay. 2003. 2001 SCCM/ESICM/ACCP/ATS/SIS International Sepsis Definitions Conference. Crit Care Med, 31(4): 1250-1256
Lewalle, J M, C Munaut, B Pichot, D Cataldo, E Baramova and J M Foidart. 1995. Plasma membrane-dependent activation of gelatinase A in human vascular endothelial cells. J Cell Physiol, 165(3): 475-483
Li, J, P L Schwimmbeck, C Tschope, S Leschka, L Husmann, S Rutschow, F Reichenbach, M Noutsias, U Kobalz, W Poller, F Spillmann, H Zeichhardt, H P Schultheiss and M Pauschinger. 2002. Collagen degradation in a murine myocarditis model: relevance of matrix metalloproteinase in association with inflammatory induction. Cardiovasc Res, 56(2): 235-247
Li, W and H H Shen. 2007. Effect of respiratory syncytial virus on the activity of matrix metalloproteinase in mice. Chin Med J (Engl), 120(1): 5-11
Lijnen, H R. 2002. Extracellular proteolysis in the development and progression of atherosclerosis. Biochem Soc Trans, 30(2): 163-167 Liu, L, A Lalani, E Dai, B Seet, C Macauley, R Singh, L Fan, G McFadden and A Lucas. 2000. The
viral anti-inflammatory chemokine-binding protein M-T7 reduces intimal hyperplasia after vascular injury. J Clin Invest, 105(11): 1613-1621
Liuzzi, G M, T Latronico, R Rossano, S Viggiani, A Fasano and P Riccio. 2007. Inhibitory effect ofpolyunsaturated fatty acids on MMP-9 release from microglial cells--implications for complementary multiple sclerosis treatment. Neurochem Res, 32(12): 2184-2193
Liuzzi, G M, C M Mastroianni, T Latronico, F Mengoni, A Fasano, M Lichtner, V Vullo and P Riccio. 2004. Anti-HIV drugs decrease the expression of matrix metalloproteinases in astrocytes and microglia. Brain, 127(Pt 2): 398-407
Luan, Z, A J Chase and A C Newby. 2003. Statins inhibit secretion of metalloproteinases-1, -2, -3, and -9 from vascular smooth muscle cells and macrophages. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol, 23(5): 769-775
Lucas, A, E Dai, L Liu, H Guan, P Nash, G McFadden and L Miller. 2000. Transplant vasculopathy: viral anti-inflammatory serpin regulation of atherogenesis. J Heart Lung Transplant, 19(11): 1029-1038
Lucas, A, L Liu, J Macen, P Nash, E Dai, M Stewart, K Graham, W Etches, L Boshkov, P N Nation, D Humen, M L Hobman and G McFadden. 1996. Virus-encoded serine proteinase inhibitor SERP-1 inhibits atherosclerotic plaque development after balloon angioplasty. Circulation, 94(11): 2890-2900
Lucas, A and G McFadden. 2004. Secreted immunomodulatory viral proteins as novel biotherapeutics. J Immunol, 173(8): 4765-4774
Lun, X, W Yang, T Alain, Z Q Shi, H Muzik, J W Barrett, G McFadden, J Bell, M G Hamilton, D L Senger and P A Forsyth. 2005. Myxoma virus is a novel oncolytic virus with significant antitumor activity against experimental human gliomas. Cancer Res, 65(21): 9982-9990
Luparello, C, G Avanzato, C Carella and I Pucci-Minafra. 1999. Tissue inhibitor of metalloprotease (TIMP)-1 and proliferative behaviour of clonal breast cancer cells. Breast Cancer Res Treat, 54(3): 235-244
Luplertlop, N and D Misse. 2008. MMP cellular responses to dengue virus infection-induced vascular leakage. Jpn J Infect Dis, 61(4): 298-301
Lyles, D S, C C Randall, L G Gafford and H B White, Jr. 1976. Cellular fatty acids during fowlpox virus infection of three different host systems. Virology, 70(1): 227-229
Mahnel, H and A Mayr. 1994. [Experiences with immunization against orthopox viruses of humans and animals using vaccine strain MVA]. Berl Munch Tierarztl Wochenschr, 107(8): 253-256
Manicone, A M and J K McGuire. 2008. Matrix metalloproteinases as modulators of inflammation. Semin Cell Dev Biol, 19(1): 34-41
Mastroianni, C M and G M Liuzzi. 2007. Matrix metalloproteinase dysregulation in HIV infection: implications for therapeutic strategies. Trends Mol Med, 13(11): 449-459
Matrisian, L M. 1990. Metalloproteinases and their inhibitors in matrix remodeling. Trends Genet, 6(4): 121-125
Matsuo, M, H Sakurai, K Koizumi and I Saiki. 2007. Curcumin inhibits the formation of capillary-like tubes by rat lymphatic endothelial cells. Cancer Lett, 251(2): 288-295
Maudsley, D J and J D Pound. 1991. Modulation of MHC antigen expression by viruses and oncogenes. Immunol Today, 12(12): 429-431
Mayr, A, H Stickl, H K Muller, K Danner and H Singer. 1978. [The smallpox vaccination strain MVA: marker, genetic structure, experience gained with the parenteral vaccination and behavior in organisms with a debilitated defence mechanism (author's transl)]. Zentralbl Bakteriol B, 167(5-6): 375-390
McCabe, V J and N Spibey. 2005. Potential for broad-spectrum protection against feline calicivirus using an attenuated myxoma virus expressing a chimeric FCV capsid protein. Vaccine, 23(46-47): 5380-5388
McCabe, V J, I Tarpey and N Spibey. 2002. Vaccination of cats with an attenuated recombinant myxoma virus expressing feline calicivirus capsid protein. Vaccine, 20(19-20): 2454-2462
McCawley, L J, S Li, E V Wattenberg and L G Hudson. 1999. Sustained activation of the mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway. A mechanism underlying receptor tyrosine kinase specificity for matrix metalloproteinase-9 induction and cell migration. J Biol Chem, 274(7): 4347-4353
McFadden, G. 2005. Poxvirus tropism. Nat Rev Microbiol, 3(3): 201-213
McFadden, G and K Kane. 1994. How DNA viruses perturb functional MHC expression to alter immune recognition. Adv Cancer Res, 63: 117-209
Mediratta, S and K Essani. 1999. The replication cycle of tanapox virus in owl monkey kidney cells. Can J Microbiol, 45(1): 92-96
Meli, D N, R S Coimbra, D G Erhart, G Loquet, C L Bellac, M G Tauber, U Neumann and S L Leib. 2006. Doxycycline reduces mortality and injury to the brain and cochlea in experimental pneumococcal meningitis. Infect Immun, 74(7): 3890-3896
Meng, X H, Y Wang, J X Zhuang, X Z Han, Y Chen, Y P Jin, Y L Wang, Y H Yu, J P Spires and G J Song. 2004. Dynamic changes in myocardial matrix metalloproteinase activity in mice with viral myocarditis. Chin Med J (Engl), 117(8): 1195-1199
Mengshol, J A, M P Vincenti, C I Coon, A Barchowsky and C E Brinckerhoff. 2000. Interleukin-1 induction of collagenase 3 (matrix metalloproteinase 13) gene expression in chondrocytes requires p38, c-Jun N-terminal kinase, and nuclear factor kappaB: differential regulation of collagenase 1 and collagenase 3. Arthritis Rheum, 43(4): 801-811
Merchlinsky, M. 1990. Mutational analysis of the resolution sequence of vaccinia virus DNA: essential sequence consists of two separate AT-rich regions highly conserved among poxviruses. J Virol, 64(10): 5029-5035
Meyer, R, E N Hatada, H P Hohmann, M Haiker, C Bartsch, U Rothlisberger, H W Lahm, E J Schlaeger, A P van Loon and C Scheidereit. 1991. Cloning of the DNA-binding subunit of human nuclear factor kappa B: the level of its mRNA is strongly regulated by phorbol ester or tumor necrosis factor alpha. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 88(3): 966-970
Misse, D, P O Esteve, B Renneboog, M Vidal, M Cerutti, Y St Pierre, H Yssel, M Parmentier and F Veas. 2001. HIV-1 glycoprotein 120 induces the MMP-9 cytopathogenic factor production that is abolished by inhibition of the p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling pathway. Blood, 98(3): 541-547
Moilanen, M, T Sorsa, M Stenman, P Nyberg, O Lindy, J Vesterinen, A Paju, Y T Konttinen, U H Stenman and T Salo. 2003. Tumor-associated trypsinogen-2 (trypsinogen-2) activates procollagenases (MMP-1, -8, -13) and stromelysin-1 (MMP-3) and degrades type I collagen. Biochemistry, 42(18): 5414-5420
Mok, W, Y Boucher and R K Jain. 2007. Matrix metalloproteinases-1 and -8 improve the distribution and efficacy of an oncolytic virus. Cancer Res, 67(22): 10664-10668
Monini, P, C Sgadari, G Barillari and B Ensoli. 2003. HIV protease inhibitors: antiretroviral agents with anti-inflammatory, anti-angiogenic and anti-tumour activity. J Antimicrob Chemother, 51(2): 207-211
Mori, N, M Morishita, T Tsukazaki, C Z Giam, A Kumatori, Y Tanaka and N Yamamoto. 2001. Human T-cell leukemia virus type I oncoprotein Tax represses Smad-dependent transforming growth factorbeta signaling through interaction with CREB-binding protein/p300. Blood, 97(7): 2137-2144
Mori, N, H Sato, T Hayashibara, M Senba, T Hayashi, Y Yamada, S Kamihira, S Ikeda, Y Yamasaki, S Morikawa, M Tomonaga, R Geleziunas and N Yamamoto. 2002. Human T-cell leukemia virus type I Tax transactivates the matrix metalloproteinase-9 gene: potential role in mediating adult T-cell leukemia invasiveness. Blood, 99(4): 1341-1349
Moroziewicz, D and H L Kaufman. 2005. Gene therapy with poxvirus vectors. Curr Opin Mol Ther, 7(4): 317-325
Mosmann, T. 1983. Rapid colorimetric assay for cellular growth and survival: application to proliferation and cytotoxicity assays. J Immunol Methods, 65(1-2): 55-63
Moss, B. 2006. Poxvirus entry and membrane fusion. Virology, 344(1): 48-54
Moss, B and J L Shisler. 2001. Immunology 101 at poxvirus U: immune evasion genes. Semin Immunol, 13(1): 59-66
Muller, D, B Quantin, M C Gesnel, R Millon-Collard, J Abecassis and R Breathnach. 1988. The collagenase gene family in humans consists of at least four members. Biochem J, 253(1): 187-192
Murphy, G, V Knauper, S Cowell, R Hembry, H Stanton, G Butler, J Freije, A M Pendas and C Lopez-Otin. 1999. Evaluation of some newer matrix metalloproteinases. Ann N Y Acad Sci, 878: 25-39
Murphy, G, Q Nguyen, M I Cockett, S J Atkinson, J A Allan, C G Knight, F Willenbrock and A J Docherty. 1994. Assessment of the role of the fibronectin-like domain of gelatinase A by analysis of a deletion mutant. J Biol Chem, 269(9): 6632-6636
Murphy, G, F Willenbrock, T Crabbe, M O'Shea, R Ward, S Atkinson, J O'Connell and A Docherty. 1994. Regulation of matrix metalloproteinase activity. Ann N Y Acad Sci, 732: 31-41
Murphy, J and S A Bustin. 2009. Reliability of real-time reverse-transcription PCR in clinical diagnostics: gold standard or substandard? Expert Rev Mol Diagn, 9(2): 187-197
Nagase, H. 1997. Activation mechanisms of matrix metalloproteinases. Biol Chem, 378(3-4): 151-160
Nakopoulou, L, S Katsarou, I Giannopoulou, P Alexandrou, I Tsirmpa, E Panayotopoulou, J Mavrommatis and A Keramopoulos. 2002. Correlation of tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-2 with proliferative activity and patients' survival in breast cancer. Mod Pathol, 15(1): 26-34
Narang, H K and A A Codd. 1983. Action of commonly used disinfectants against enteroviruses. J Hosp Infect, 4(2): 209-212
Nash, P, J Barrett, J X Cao, S Hota-Mitchell, A S Lalani, H Everett, X M Xu, J Robichaud, S Hnatiuk, C Ainslie, B T Seet and G McFadden. 1999. Immunomodulation by viruses: the myxoma virus story. Immunol Rev, 168: 103-120
Nichols, D B and J L Shisler. 2006. The MC160 protein expressed by the dermatotropic poxvirus molluscum contagiosum virus prevents tumor necrosis factor alpha-induced NF-kappaB activation via inhibition of I kappa kinase complex formation. J Virol, 80(2): 578-586
Ohashi, K L, D K Tung, J Wilson, B W Zweifach and G W Schmid-Schonbein. 1996. Transvascular and interstitial migration of neutrophils in rat mesentery. Microcirculation, 3(2): 199-210
Overall, C M and C Lopez-Otin. 2002. Strategies for MMP inhibition in cancer: innovations for the post-trial era. Nat Rev Cancer, 2(9): 657-672
Paemen, L, E Martens, K Norga, S Masure, E Roets, J Hoogmartens and G Opdenakker. 1996. Thegelatinase inhibitory activity of tetracyclines and chemically modified tetracycline analogues as measured by a novel microtiter assay for inhibitors. Biochem Pharmacol, 52(1): 105-111
Pardo, A and M Selman. 2005. MMP-1: the elder of the family. Int J Biochem Cell Biol, 37(2): 283-288
Park, B K, X Zeng and R I Glazer. 2001. Akt1 induces extracellular matrix invasion and matrix metalloproteinase-2 activity in mouse mammary epithelial cells. Cancer Res, 61(20): 7647-7653
Parsons, S L, S A Watson, P D Brown, H M Collins and R J Steele. 1997. Matrix metalloproteinases. Br J Surg, 84(2): 160-166
Pastoret, P P and A Vanderplasschen. 2003. Poxviruses as vaccine vectors. Comp Immunol Microbiol Infect Dis, 26(5-6): 343-355
Pei, D and S J Weiss. 1995. Furin-dependent intracellular activation of the human stromelysin-3 zymogen. Nature, 375(6528): 244-247
Pillinger, M H, N Marjanovic, S Y Kim, J U Scher, P Izmirly, S Tolani, V Dinsell, Y C Lee, M J Blaser and S B Abramson. 2005. Matrix metalloproteinase secretion by gastric epithelial cells is regulated by E prostaglandins and MAPKs. J Biol Chem, 280(11): 9973-9979
Platt, J and R A Bucknall. 1985. The disinfection of respiratory syncytial virus by isopropanol and a chlorhexidine-detergent handwash. J Hosp Infect, 6(1): 89-94
Ploubidou, A, V Moreau, K Ashman, I Reckmann, C Gonzalez and M Way. 2000. Vaccinia virus infection disrupts microtubule organization and centrosome function. Embo J, 19(15): 3932-3944
Puhlmann, M, C K Brown, M Gnant, J Huang, S K Libutti, H R Alexander and D L Bartlett. 2000. Vaccinia as a vector for tumor-directed gene therapy: biodistribution of a thymidine kinase-deleted mutant. Cancer Gene Ther, 7(1): 66-73
Raymond, L, S Eck, J Mollmark, E Hays, I Tomek, S Kantor, S Elliott and M Vincenti. 2006. Interleukin-1 beta induction of matrix metalloproteinase-1 transcription in chondrocytes requires ERK-dependent activation of CCAAT enhancer-binding protein-beta. J Cell Physiol, 207(3): 683-688
Reunanen, N, S P Li, M Ahonen, M Foschi, J Han and V M Kahari. 2002. Activation of p38 alpha MAPK enhances collagenase-1 (matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-1) and stromelysin-1 (MMP-3) expression by mRNA stabilization. J Biol Chem, 277(35): 32360-32368
Ridley, S H, S J Sarsfield, J C Lee, H F Bigg, T E Cawston, D J Taylor, D L DeWitt and J Saklatvala. 1997. Actions of IL-1 are selectively controlled by p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase: regulation of prostaglandin H synthase-2, metalloproteinases, and IL-6 at different levels. J Immunol, 158(7): 3165-3173 Roberts, J A. 1962. Histopathogenesis of mousepox. I. Respiratory infection. Br J Exp Pathol, 43: 451-461
Roberts, J A. 1962. Histopathogenesis of mousepox. II. Cutaneous infection. Br J Exp Pathol, 43: 462-468
Roberts, K L and G L Smith. 2008. Vaccinia virus morphogenesis and dissemination. Trends Microbiol, 16(10): 472-479
Roening, G and J A Holowczak. 1974. Evidence for the presence of RNA in the purified virions of vaccinia virus. J Virol, 14(3): 704-708
Romanic, A M and J A Madri. 1994. Extracellular matrix-degrading proteinases in the nervous system. Brain Pathol, 4(2): 145-156
Russell, A D. 1986. Chlorhexidine: antibacterial action and bacterial resistance. Infection, 14(5): 212-215
Sanderson, C M, M Way and G L Smith. 1998. Virus-induced cell motility. J Virol, 72(2): 1235-1243
Sasaki, K, M Takagi, Y T Konttinen, A Sasaki, Y Tamaki, T Ogino, S Santavirta and J Salo. 2007. Upregulation of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-1 and its activator MMP-3 of human osteoblast by uniaxial cyclic stimulation. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater, 80(2): 491-498
Sattar, S A, R A Raphael, H Lochnan and V S Springthorpe. 1983. Rotavirus inactivation by chemical disinfectants and antiseptics used in hospitals. Can J Microbiol, 29(10): 1464-1469
Schmalfeldt, B, D Prechtel, K Harting, K Spathe, S Rutke, E Konik, R Fridman, U Berger, M Schmitt, W Kuhn and E Lengyel. 2001. Increased expression of matrix metalloproteinases (MMP)-2, MMP-9, and the urokinase-type plasminogen activator is associated with progression from benign to advanced ovarian cancer. Clin Cancer Res, 7(8): 2396-2404
Schnaper, H W, D S Grant, W G Stetler-Stevenson, R Fridman, G D'Orazi, A N Murphy, R E Bird, M Hoythya, T R Fuerst, D L French and et al. 1993. Type IV collagenase(s) and TIMPs modulate endothelial cell morphogenesis in vitro. J Cell Physiol, 156(2): 235-246
Schonbeck, U, F Mach and P Libby. 1998. Generation of biologically active IL-1 beta by matrix metalloproteinases: a novel caspase-1-independent pathway of IL-1 beta processing. J Immunol, 161(7): 3340-3346
Schramm, B and J K Locker. 2005. Cytoplasmic organization of POXvirus DNA replication. Traffic, 6(10): 839-846
See, D M, P Khemka, L Sahl, T Bui and J G Tilles. 1997. The role of natural killer cells in viral infections. Scand J Immunol, 46(3): 217-224
Seet, B T, J B Johnston, C R Brunetti, J W Barrett, H Everett, C Cameron, J Sypula, S H Nazarian, A Lucas and G McFadden. 2003. Poxviruses and immune evasion. Annu Rev Immunol, 21: 377-423
Senkevich, T G, S Ojeda, A Townsley, G E Nelson and B Moss. 2005. Poxvirus multiprotein entry-fusion complex. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 102(51): 18572-18577
Shapiro, S D. 1998. Matrix metalloproteinase degradation of extracellular matrix: biological consequences. Curr Opin Cell Biol, 10(5): 602-608
Sheen-Chen, S M, H S Chen, H L Eng, C C Sheen and W J Chen. 2001. Serum levels of matrix metalloproteinase 2 in patients with breast cancer. Cancer Lett, 173(1): 79-82
Shipley, J M, G A Doyle, C J Fliszar, Q Z Ye, L L Johnson, S D Shapiro, H G Welgus and R M Senior. 1996. The structural basis for the elastolytic activity of the 92-kDa and 72-kDa gelatinases. Role of the fibronectin type II-like repeats. J Biol Chem, 271(8): 4335-4341
Sitia, G, M Isogawa, M Iannacone, I L Campbell, F V Chisari and L G Guidotti. 2004. MMPs are required for recruitment of antigen-nonspecific mononuclear cells into the liver by CTLs. J Clin Invest, 113(8): 1158-1167
Skiles, J W, N C Gonnella and A Y Jeng. 2004. The design, structure, and clinical update of small molecular weight matrix metalloproteinase inhibitors. Curr Med Chem, 11(22): 2911-2977
Smith, G L, A Vanderplasschen and M Law. 2002. The formation and function of extracellular enveloped vaccinia virus. J Gen Virol, 83(Pt 12): 2915-2931
Smith, S A and G J Kotwal. 2002. Immune response to poxvirus infections in various animals. CritRev Microbiol, 28(3): 149-185
Sodeik, B, R W Doms, M Ericsson, G Hiller, C E Machamer, W van 't Hof, G van Meer, B Moss and G Griffiths. 1993. Assembly of vaccinia virus: role of the intermediate compartment between the endoplasmic reticulum and the Golgi stacks. J Cell Biol, 121(3): 521-541
Sorsa, T, T Ingman, K Suomalainen, M Haapasalo, Y T Konttinen, O Lindy, H Saari and V J Uitto. 1992. Identification of proteases from periodontopathogenic bacteria as activators of latent human neutrophil and fibroblast-type interstitial collagenases. Infect Immun, 60(11): 4491-4495
Sorsa, T, T Salo, E Koivunen, J Tyynela, Y T Konttinen, U Bergmann, A Tuuttila, E Niemi, O Teronen, P Heikkila, H Tschesche, J Leinonen, S Osman and U H Stenman. 1997. Activation of type IV procollagenases by human tumor-associated trypsin-2. J Biol Chem, 272(34): 21067-21074
Sporer, B, U Koedel, R Paul, B Kohleisen, V Erfle, A Fontana and H W Pfister. 2000. Human immunodeficiency virus type-1 Nef protein induces blood-brain barrier disruption in the rat: role of matrix metalloproteinase-9. J Neuroimmunol, 102(2): 125-130
St-Pierre, Y, J Couillard and C Van Themsche. 2004. Regulation of MMP-9 gene expression for the development of novel molecular targets against cancer and inflammatory diseases. Expert Opin Ther Targets, 8(5): 473-489
Stanford, M M and G McFadden. 2007. Myxoma virus and oncolytic virotherapy: a new biologic weapon in the war against cancer. Expert Opin Biol Ther, 7(9): 1415-1425
Stanford, M M, G McFadden, G Karupiah and G Chaudhri. 2007. Immunopathogenesis of poxvirus infections: forecasting the impending storm. Immunol Cell Biol, 85(2): 93-102
Stanford, M M, S J Werden and G McFadden. 2007. Myxoma virus in the European rabbit: interactions between the virus and its susceptible host. Vet Res, 38(2): 299-318
Stern, W and S Dales. 1974. Biogenesis of vaccinia: concerning the origin of the envelope phospholipids. Virology, 62(2): 293-306
Sternlicht, M D and Z Werb. 2001. How matrix metalloproteinases regulate cell behavior. Annu Rev Cell Dev Biol, 17: 463-516
Stetler-Stevenson, W G. 1990. Type IV collagenases in tumor invasion and metastasis. Cancer Metastasis Rev, 9(4): 289-303
Stetler-Stevenson, W G, H C Krutzsch and L A Liotta. 1989. Tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase (TIMP-2). A new member of the metalloproteinase inhibitor family. J Biol Chem, 264(29): 17374-17378
Stickl, H, V Hochstein-Mintzel, A Mayr, H C Huber, H Schafer and A Holzner. 1974. [MVA vaccination against smallpox: clinical tests with an attenuated live vaccinia virus strain (MVA) (author's transl)]. Dtsch Med Wochenschr, 99(47): 2386-2392
Stocker, W, F Grams, U Baumann, P Reinemer, F X Gomis-Ruth, D B McKay and W Bode. 1995.
The metzincins--topological and sequential relations between the astacins, adamalysins, serralysins, and matrixins (collagenases) define a superfamily of zinc-peptidases. Protein Sci, 4(5): 823-840
Stokes, G V. 1976. High-voltage electron microscope study of the release of vaccinia virus from whole cells. J Virol, 18(2): 636-643
Strongin, A Y, I Collier, G Bannikov, B L Marmer, G A Grant and G I Goldberg. 1995. Mechanism of cell surface activation of 72-kDa type IV collagenase. Isolation of the activated form of the membrane metalloprotease. J Biol Chem, 270(10): 5331-5338
Strongin, A Y, B L Marmer, G A Grant and G I Goldberg. 1993. Plasma membrane-dependent activation of the 72-kDa type IV collagenase is prevented by complex formation with TIMP-2. J Biol Chem, 268(19): 14033-14039
Suryadevara, R, S Holter, K Borgmann, R Persidsky, C Labenz-Zink, Y Persidsky, H E Gendelman, L Wu and A Ghorpade. 2003. Regulation of tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 by astrocytes: links to HIV-1 dementia. Glia, 44(1): 47-56
Suzan-Monti, M, B La Scola and D Raoult. 2006. Genomic and evolutionary aspects of Mimivirus. Virus Res, 117(1): 145-155
Suzuki, M, G Raab, M A Moses, C A Fernandez and M Klagsbrun. 1997. Matrix metalloproteinase-3 releases active heparin-binding EGF-like growth factor by cleavage at a specific juxtamembrane site. J Biol Chem, 272(50): 31730-31737
Swords, W E, P C Guenthner, K A Birkness, R B Lal, C S Dezzutti and F D Quinn. 2006. Mycobacterium xenopi multiplies within human macrophages and enhances HIV replication in vitro. Microb Pathog, 40(2): 41-47
Tada, H, O Shiho, K Kuroshima, M Koyama and K Tsukamoto. 1986. An improved colorimetric assay for interleukin 2. J Immunol Methods, 93(2): 157-165
Tartaglia, J, S Pincus and E Paoletti. 1990. Poxvirus-based vectors as vaccine candidates. Crit Rev Immunol, 10(1): 13-30
Thrailkill, K M, L D Quarles, H Nagase, K Suzuki, D M Serra and J L Fowlkes. 1995. Characterization of insulin-like growth factor-binding protein 5-degrading proteases produced throughout murine osteoblast differentiation. Endocrinology, 136(8): 3527-3533
Tortorella, D, B E Gewurz, M H Furman, D J Schust and H L Ploegh. 2000. Viral subversion of the immune system. Annu Rev Immunol, 18: 861-926
Turner, P C and R W Moyer. 2002. Poxvirus immune modulators: functional insights from animal models. Virus Res, 88(1-2): 35-53
Upton, C, S Slack, A L Hunter, A Ehlers and R L Roper. 2003. Poxvirus orthologous clusters: toward defining the minimum essential poxvirus genome. J Virol, 77(13): 7590-7600
Vaha-Koskela, M J, J E Heikkila and A E Hinkkanen. 2007. Oncolytic viruses in cancer therapy. Cancer Lett, 254(2): 178-216
Valderrama, F, J V Cordeiro, S Schleich, F Frischknecht and M Way. 2006. Vaccinia virus-induced cell motility requires F11L-mediated inhibition of RhoA signaling. Science, 311(5759): 377-381 Van den Steen, P E, B Dubois, I Nelissen, P M Rudd, R A Dwek and G Opdenakker. 2002.
Biochemistry and molecular biology of gelatinase B or matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9). Crit Rev Biochem Mol Biol, 37(6): 375-536
Vanderplasschen, A and P P Pastoret. 2003. The uses of poxviruses as vectors. Curr Gene Ther, 3(6): 583-595
Vanderplasschen, A and G L Smith. 1997. A novel virus binding assay using confocal microscopy: demonstration that the intracellular and extracellular vaccinia virions bind to different cellular receptors. J Virol, 71(5): 4032-4041
Vincenti, M P and C E Brinckerhoff. 2007. Signal transduction and cell-type specific regulation of matrix metalloproteinase gene expression: can MMPs be good for you? J Cell Physiol, 213(2): 355-364
Visse, R and H Nagase. 2003. Matrix metalloproteinases and tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases: structure, function, and biochemistry. Circ Res, 92(8): 827-839
Vistica, D T, P Skehan, D Scudiero, A Monks, A Pittman and M R Boyd. 1991. Tetrazolium-based assays for cellular viability: a critical examination of selected parameters affecting formazan production. Cancer Res, 51(10): 2515-2520
von Bredow, D C, A E Cress, E W Howard, G T Bowden and R B Nagle. 1998. Activation of gelatinase-tissue-inhibitors-of-metalloproteinase complexes by matrilysin. Biochem J, 331 ( Pt 3): 965-972
Wang, F, Y Ma, J W Barrett, X Gao, J Loh, E Barton, H W Virgin and G McFadden. 2004. Disruption of Erk-dependent type I interferon induction breaks the myxoma virus species barrier. Nat Immunol, 5(12): 1266-1274
Wang, H and J A Keiser. 1998. Vascular endothelial growth factor upregulates the expression of matrix metalloproteinases in vascular smooth muscle cells: role of flt-1. Circ Res, 83(8): 832-840
Wasilenko, S T, L Banadyga, D Bond and M Barry. 2005. The vaccinia virus F1L protein interacts with the proapoptotic protein Bak and inhibits Bak activation. J Virol, 79(22): 14031-14043
Webster, N L and S M Crowe. 2006. Matrix metalloproteinases, their production by monocytes and macrophages and their potential role in HIV-related diseases. J Leukoc Biol, 80(5): 1052-1066
Weeks, B S. 1998. The role of HIV-1 activated leukocyte adhesion mechanisms and matrix metalloproteinase secretion in AIDS pathogenesis (Review). Int J Mol Med, 1(2): 361-366
Weeks, B S, M E Klotman, E Holloway, W G Stetler-Stevenson, H K Kleinman and P E Klotman. 1993. HIV-1 infection stimulates T cell invasiveness and synthesis of the 92-kDa type IV collagenase. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses, 9(6): 513-518
Werden, S J and G McFadden. 2008. The role of cell signaling in poxvirus tropism: the case of the M-T5 host range protein of myxoma virus. Biochim Biophys Acta, 1784(1): 228-237
Westwood, J C, E A Boulter, E T Bowen and H B Maber. 1966. Experimental respiratory infection with poxviruses. I. Clinical virological and epidemiological studies. Br J Exp Pathol, 47(5): 453-465
Whittaker, M, C D Floyd, P Brown and A J Gearing. 1999. Design and therapeutic application of matrix metalloproteinase inhibitors. Chem Rev, 99(9): 2735-2776
Wilhelm, S M, I E Collier, B L Marmer, A Z Eisen, G A Grant and G I Goldberg. 1989.
SV40-transformed human lung fibroblasts secrete a 92-kDa type IV collagenase which is identical to that secreted by normal human macrophages. J Biol Chem, 264(29): 17213-17221
Wittek, R and B Moss. 1980. Tandem repeats within the inverted terminal repetition of vaccinia virus DNA. Cell, 21(1): 277-284
Woo, C H, J H Lim and J H Kim. 2004. Lipopolysaccharide induces matrix metalloproteinase-9 expression via a mitochondrial reactive oxygen species-p38 kinase-activator protein-1 pathway in Raw 264.7 cells. J Immunol, 173(11): 6973-6980
Wurtz, S O, A S Schrohl, N M Sorensen, U Lademann, I J Christensen, H Mouridsen and N Brunner. 2005. Tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases-1 in breast cancer. Endocr Relat Cancer, 12(2): 215-227
Yadav, R, K Y Larbi, R E Young and S Nourshargh. 2003. Migration of leukocytes through the vessel wall and beyond. Thromb Haemost, 90(4): 598-606
Yadav, V, G Marracci, J Lovera, W Woodward, K Bogardus, W Marquardt, L Shinto, C Morris and D Bourdette. 2005. Lipoic acid in multiple sclerosis: a pilot study. Mult Scler, 11(2): 159-165
Yamada, H, Q T Le, A Kousaka, Y Higashi, M Tsukane and H Kido. 2006. Sendai virus infection up-regulates trypsin I and matrix metalloproteinase-9, triggering viral multiplication and matrix degradation in rat lungs and lung L2 cells. Arch Virol, 151(12): 2529-2537
Yan, C and D D Boyd. 2007. Regulation of matrix metalloproteinase gene expression. J Cell Physiol, 211(1): 19-26
Yana, I and M Seiki. 2002. MT-MMPs play pivotal roles in cancer dissemination. Clin Exp Metastasis, 19(3): 209-215
Yasuda, S, S Miyazaki, H Kinoshita, N Nagaya, M Kanda, Y Goto and H Nonogi. 2007. Enhanced cardiac production of matrix metalloproteinase-2 and -9 and its attenuation associated with pravastatin treatment in patients with acute myocardial infarction. Clin Sci (Lond), 112(1): 43-49
Yu, Q and I Stamenkovic. 2000. Cell surface-localized matrix metalloproteinase-9 proteolytically activates TGF-beta and promotes tumor invasion and angiogenesis. Genes Dev, 14(2): 163-176
Yun, C O. 2008. Overcoming the extracellular matrix barrier to improve intratumoral spread and therapeutic potential of oncolytic virotherapy. Curr Opin Mol Ther, 10(4): 356-361
Zamaria, N. 2004. Alteration of polyunsaturated fatty acid status and metabolism in health and disease. Reprod Nutr Dev, 44(3): 273-282
Zemke, D and A Majid. 2004. The potential of minocycline for neuroprotection in human neurologic disease. Clin Neuropharmacol, 27(6): 293-298
Zink, M C, J Uhrlaub, J DeWitt, T Voelker, B Bullock, J Mankowski, P Tarwater, J Clements and S Barber. 2005. Neuroprotective and anti-human immunodeficiency virus activity of minocycline. Jama, 293(16): 2003-2011
Zucker, S, J Cao and W T Chen. 2000. Critical appraisal of the use of matrix metalloproteinase inhibitors in cancer treatment. Oncogene, 19(56): 6642-6650
Zuniga, M C. 2003. Lessons in detente or know thy host: the immunomodulatory gene products of myxoma virus. J Biosci, 28(3): 273-285
Zuniga, M C, H Wang, M Barry and G McFadden. 1999. Endosomal/lysosomal retention and degradation of major histocompatibility complex class I molecules is induced by myxoma virus. Virology, 261(2): 180-192
Zwartouw, H T. 1964. The Chemical Composition Of Vaccinia Virus. J Gen Microbiol, 34: 115-123