制浆过程对纤维角质化的影响
摘要
本文针对回收纸的角质化缺陷,从制浆过程对纤维角质化的影响入手,研究了不同化学制浆过程、不同浆得率、有机溶剂抽提去除纤维表面的提取物、冰冻储存对纤维角质化的影响。分析了浆料回收前后化学成分的变化、羧基和磺酸基的变化、纸张性能的变化、纤维质量分析仪(FQA)观察纤维的物理变化、扫描电子显微镜观察纤维表面的物理变化、X-射线光电子能谱仪研究纤维表面的化学变化。通过有机溶剂(二氯甲烷、苯醇抽提和乙醇)抽提处理,研究浆料抽提前后羧基、卡伯值的变化、纸张性能的变化、并用上述仪器观察纤维的物理变化、浆料表面的化学变化。通过对浆料冰冻储存处理,分析浆料的保水值变化、并观察纤维的物理变化、纸张性能的变化。研究结果表明,回收引起了浆料纤维的物理和化学性质变化,造成了纤维的角质化,且纤维的角质化程度与制浆方法和浆得率有关。有机溶剂抽提后纤维表面的O/C比增加,纸张的抗张指数、耐破指数、耐折度、抗张能量吸收都明显降低,纸张的紧度也略有降低,而纸张的撕裂强度却有所提高,保水值下降,这表明,有机溶剂抽提后,纤维之间的结合力降低,引起了纤维的角质化。试验结果还表明有机溶剂抽提不仅引起未回收浆的角质化,还会加剧回收浆的角质化。去除浆中的细小纤维后再用二氯甲烷抽提,抽提浆的角质化更加严重。硫酸盐浆、酸性亚硫酸盐浆、氢氧化钠浆的浆料经冰冻处理后,浆料的保水值都明显下降,游离度大幅度升高。商品硫酸盐浆经冰冻处理后,纸张的透气度升高,紧度降低,光散射系数升高,抗张指数、耐破指数,耐折度也明显下降,商品针叶材硫酸盐浆的撕裂指数、弯曲指数和扭结指数都有所增加,纤维的长度基本没有变化,表明冰冻处理造成了纤维的角质化,使纤维变硬,纤维之间的结合强度下降。本文首次系统的研究了不同制浆方法、不同得率浆的O/C比变化,揭示了浆得率、木素、浆中羧基、打浆、回收、抽提对O/C比的影响。首次系统的研究了有机溶剂抽提浆料、浆料的羧基和O/C比的变化,发现有机溶剂抽提引起浆料的角质化,浆料所抄成纸的物理性能明显降低,浆料的保水值下降。抽提浆回收后,纸张的物理性能比未抽提浆的物理性能低。首次系统的研究了冰冻处理对浆料纤维角质化的影响,并提出冰冻引起角质化的机理。
This paper studied the influence of pulping process on hornification of fibers. Using the four different pulping processes, which are kraft, soda, bisulphite and alkaline sulphite, to produce pulps with a wide range of yield (50-85%) and recycle the virgin pulps once to evaluate the influence of pulping conditions on fiber properties. We also studied the influence of extraction by dichloromethane on the surface chemical property of four chemical pulps and correlated the chemical changes with the mechanical characteristics of handsheet and the influence of freezing on water retention value, fiber characteristics and pulp property. The results indicate that the drying-rewetting cycle caused changes in the chemical and physical characteristics of fibers many of which were process dependent. Albeit, most of the fiber properties were related to pulp yield or lignin content but the degrees of fiber hornification were also process related. The extraction by organic solvent increased the O/C atomic ratio of fiber surface, however, it decreased the carboxylate content, tensile index, burst index, folding endurance, tensile energy absorption and density of hansheets, it also decreased the water retention value of pulp. This indicates that extraction by organic solvent caused fiber hornification. The result also indicates that recycled extracted fiber caused fiber more horrification. The water retention value of kraft, bisulphite and soda pulp decreased and the fireeness increased after freezing treatment. For the fully bleached commercial kraft pulps of hardwood and softwood (dry laps), Freezing treatment decreased density, tensile index, burst index, and folding endurance of handsheet, but increased the light scattering coefficient. The length of fiber is no changed, mean curl and mean kink of fiber have some increased, this result indicate that freezing caused fiber hornification which causes the loss of mechanical strength of handsheet. This is the first time to systematically research the influence of pulping process on O/C atomic ratio. The results indicate that O/C atomic ratio is associated with the pulping conditions, pulp yield and correlates well with the carboxylate content of fiber, beating and recycling. This is the first time to systematically research the influence of extraction by organic
solvent on the surface chemical properties (carboxylate content of fiber and O/C atomic ratio) of three kind of chemical pulps (kraft, bisulphate and soda pulp). We found that extraction by organic solvent caused fiber homification which lead to the loss of pulp properties and water retention value and correlates the chemical changes with the mechanical characteristics of handsheet. This is the first time to systematically research the influence of freezing on fiber hornifiation and present the mechanism of fiber hornification caused by freezing.
This paper studied the influence of pulping process on hornification of fibers. Using the four different pulping processes, which are kraft, soda, bisulphite and alkaline sulphite, to produce pulps with a wide range of yield (50-85%) and recycle the virgin pulps once to evaluate the influence of pulping conditions on fiber properties. We also studied the influence of extraction by dichloromethane on the surface chemical property of four chemical pulps and correlated the chemical changes with the mechanical characteristics of handsheet and the influence of freezing on water retention value, fiber characteristics and pulp property. The results indicate that the drying-rewetting cycle caused changes in the chemical and physical characteristics of fibers many of which were process dependent. Albeit, most of the fiber properties were related to pulp yield or lignin content but the degrees of fiber hornification were also process related. The extraction by organic solvent increased the O/C atomic ratio of fiber surface, however, it decreased the carboxylate content, tensile index, burst index, folding endurance, tensile energy absorption and density of hansheets, it also decreased the water retention value of pulp. This indicates that extraction by organic solvent caused fiber hornification. The result also indicates that recycled extracted fiber caused fiber more horrification. The water retention value of kraft, bisulphite and soda pulp decreased and the fireeness increased after freezing treatment. For the fully bleached commercial kraft pulps of hardwood and softwood (dry laps), Freezing treatment decreased density, tensile index, burst index, and folding endurance of handsheet, but increased the light scattering coefficient. The length of fiber is no changed, mean curl and mean kink of fiber have some increased, this result indicate that freezing caused fiber hornification which causes the loss of mechanical strength of handsheet. This is the first time to systematically research the influence of pulping process on O/C atomic ratio. The results indicate that O/C atomic ratio is associated with the pulping conditions, pulp yield and correlates well with the carboxylate content of fiber, beating and recycling. This is the first time to systematically research the influence of extraction by organic
solvent on the surface chemical properties (carboxylate content of fiber and O/C atomic ratio) of three kind of chemical pulps (kraft, bisulphate and soda pulp). We found that extraction by organic solvent caused fiber homification which lead to the loss of pulp properties and water retention value and correlates the chemical changes with the mechanical characteristics of handsheet. This is the first time to systematically research the influence of freezing on fiber hornifiation and present the mechanism of fiber hornification caused by freezing.
引文
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