《飘》两中译本的比较研究
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摘要
上世纪八十年代,西方女性主义与翻译的结合对翻译理论和实践产生了强烈的影响,结出了丰硕的成果。然而女性主义真正影响到我国的翻译研究却是在2002年,并且对西方女性主义翻译理论的研究多停留在理论介绍层面,至于将其运用到翻译实践中去的情况更是十分罕见,尤其是在英汉翻译中。
《飘》是女性作者玛格丽特·米切尔的极具女性主义特色的作品,所选的中译本作者分别是李美华(女)和傅东华(男)。从女性主义翻译理论对女性身份,权力关系和身体部位这三方面的体现,本文旨在找出不同性别的译者在翻译这部由女性作家所著的女性主义作品时有何不同,以及揭示在翻译这部作品时,女性译者是否比男性译者更能体现原文的女性主义特色。通过分析,得出以下结论:女性译者由于与生俱来的女性身份,能深刻理解原著的女性主义特色,其译本也比男性译者更能体现原著的女性主义特色。为了进一步验证男女译者在译本中体现女性主义特色的可行性,同时为了了解读者对于男女译者体现女性主义特色的态度和反应,本文作者选取80名英语专业大学生为调查对象,以问卷的方式对读者对男女译者体现女性主义特色的态度和反应作了初步调查,调查结果显示,女性译者比男性译者在其《飘》译本中更能体现原文的女性主义特色这一假设是被大多数读者所认同的,而这一结果为本文所作分析提供了事实依据。因此,本文作者提倡自觉地运用女性主义翻译理论,并以此来指导翻译实践,以便能取得更好的翻译效果。
The interplay between feminism and translation studies over the seventies of last century in the West ultimately exerted forceful influences upon the conventionally-held concepts of translation studies, necessarily yielding fruitful researches. However, domestically, only in the year 2002 could feminism actually exert influences upon translation studies. What’s more, only the introduction of feminist translation theory in the West can be seen these years.
Gone with the Wind, written by Margaret Michelle, is a novel full of feminist features. The chosen Chinese versions are respectively translated by Li Meihua (Female) and Fu Donghua (Male). Based on the comparative study of two translated versions from three aspects of women’s gender identity, power relationship and body issue in feminist translation theory, this paper tries to find out the differences of two translators (Li and Fu) in different genders when they translate the famous feminist text Gone with the Wind, a novel written by a female writer and find out whether Li (a female) can demonstrate the feminist features better than Fu (a male) can when translating the famous feminist novel. Through the analysis, it can be concluded that Li Meihua, as a female translator, subconsciously, is more sensitive to feminist features in the source text and her understanding is closer to the novelist’s thanks to her identity as a woman; that she can demonstrate feminist features in this novel better than the male translator can. Thus, it is necessary and practicable to introduce western feminist translation theory to the practice of English-Chinese translation, especially in the translation of works with feminist features like Gone with the Wind. In order to provide further support for this thesis and to get a general understanding of average readers’attitude or response to the different manifestations of feminist features, the author of this paper made a research on Li Meihua’s and Fu Donghua’s manifestations of feminist features in their versions of Gone with the Wind. The means adopted in this survey is a questionnaire. To make it more feasible as an academic survey, 80 English majors are chosen as the subjects, and the research result shows that the assumption that the female translator can demonstrate feminist features better than the male translator can do can be admitted by average readers and thus it provides factual support for this paper.
《飘》是女性作者玛格丽特·米切尔的极具女性主义特色的作品,所选的中译本作者分别是李美华(女)和傅东华(男)。从女性主义翻译理论对女性身份,权力关系和身体部位这三方面的体现,本文旨在找出不同性别的译者在翻译这部由女性作家所著的女性主义作品时有何不同,以及揭示在翻译这部作品时,女性译者是否比男性译者更能体现原文的女性主义特色。通过分析,得出以下结论:女性译者由于与生俱来的女性身份,能深刻理解原著的女性主义特色,其译本也比男性译者更能体现原著的女性主义特色。为了进一步验证男女译者在译本中体现女性主义特色的可行性,同时为了了解读者对于男女译者体现女性主义特色的态度和反应,本文作者选取80名英语专业大学生为调查对象,以问卷的方式对读者对男女译者体现女性主义特色的态度和反应作了初步调查,调查结果显示,女性译者比男性译者在其《飘》译本中更能体现原文的女性主义特色这一假设是被大多数读者所认同的,而这一结果为本文所作分析提供了事实依据。因此,本文作者提倡自觉地运用女性主义翻译理论,并以此来指导翻译实践,以便能取得更好的翻译效果。
The interplay between feminism and translation studies over the seventies of last century in the West ultimately exerted forceful influences upon the conventionally-held concepts of translation studies, necessarily yielding fruitful researches. However, domestically, only in the year 2002 could feminism actually exert influences upon translation studies. What’s more, only the introduction of feminist translation theory in the West can be seen these years.
Gone with the Wind, written by Margaret Michelle, is a novel full of feminist features. The chosen Chinese versions are respectively translated by Li Meihua (Female) and Fu Donghua (Male). Based on the comparative study of two translated versions from three aspects of women’s gender identity, power relationship and body issue in feminist translation theory, this paper tries to find out the differences of two translators (Li and Fu) in different genders when they translate the famous feminist text Gone with the Wind, a novel written by a female writer and find out whether Li (a female) can demonstrate the feminist features better than Fu (a male) can when translating the famous feminist novel. Through the analysis, it can be concluded that Li Meihua, as a female translator, subconsciously, is more sensitive to feminist features in the source text and her understanding is closer to the novelist’s thanks to her identity as a woman; that she can demonstrate feminist features in this novel better than the male translator can. Thus, it is necessary and practicable to introduce western feminist translation theory to the practice of English-Chinese translation, especially in the translation of works with feminist features like Gone with the Wind. In order to provide further support for this thesis and to get a general understanding of average readers’attitude or response to the different manifestations of feminist features, the author of this paper made a research on Li Meihua’s and Fu Donghua’s manifestations of feminist features in their versions of Gone with the Wind. The means adopted in this survey is a questionnaire. To make it more feasible as an academic survey, 80 English majors are chosen as the subjects, and the research result shows that the assumption that the female translator can demonstrate feminist features better than the male translator can do can be admitted by average readers and thus it provides factual support for this paper.
引文
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[2] Andone, O. H. (2003). Gender issues in translation. Perspectives: Studies in translatology. Beijing: Tsinghua University Press.
[3] Baron, D. (1986). Grammar and gender. Boston: Yale University Press.
[4] Barthes R. (2002). The death of the author. Selection readings in 20th century western critical theory. Beijing: Foreign Language Teaching and Research Press.
[5] Bassnett, S., & Lefevere A. (1990). Translation, history and culture. London: Cassell.
[6] Bassnett, S., & Lefevere A. (2001). Constructing cultures: Essays on literary translation. Shanghai: Shanghai Foreign Language Education Press.
[7] Butler, J. (1990). Gender trouble: feminism and the subversion of identity. New York: Routledge.
[8] Catford, J. C. (1965). A linguistic theory of translation. London: Oxford University Press.
[9] Chamberlain, L. (1992). Gender and the metaphorics of translation. In Lawrence Venuti (Ed.). Rethinking translation: Discourse, subjectivity, ideology. London: Routledge.
[10] Culler, J. (1975). Structuralist poetics:Structuralism, linguistics, and the study of literature. London: Routledge and Kegan Paul.
[11] Daly, M. (1978). The metaethics of rational feminism. Boston: Beacon Press.
[12] Lotbiniere-Harwood, S.de. (1991). The body bilingual: Translation as a Rewriting in the Feminine. Toronto: Women’s Press.
[13] Flotow, L.Von. (1995). Translating women of the eighties: Ethnicity, eroticism and anger. In S. Simon (Ed.), Culture in transit: Translating the literature of Quebec. Montreal: Vehicule Press.
[14] Flotow, L.Von. (2004) Translation and gender-translating in the‘era of feminism’. Shanghai: Shanghai Foreign Language Education Press.
[15] Foucault, M. (1988). What is an author? In D. Lodge (Ed.), Modern criticism and theory: A reader. London and New York: Longman.
[16] Gauvin, L. (1989). Letters from an other. (S. Lotbiniere-Harwood Trans.). Toronto: Women’s Press.
[17] Gentzler, E. (1993). Contemporary translation theories. London and New York: Routledge.
[18] Godard, B. (1984). Language and sexual difference: the case of translation, Atkinson Review of Canadian Studies, 2 (1), Fall-Winter.
[19] Godard, B. (1990). Theorizing feminist theory/translation. In S. Bassnett & A. Lefevere. (Ed.),Translation: history and culture. London: Frances Pinter.
[20] Godard, B. (1995). Translating (as) woman. Essays in Canadian Writing (55).
[21] Gong Qian. (2006). On the translator’s subjectivity in feminist translation. Changsha: Hunan Normal University.
[22] Gutt, E.A. (2004). Translation and relevance: Cognition and context. Shanghai: Shanghai Foreign Language Education Press.
[23] Hatim, B. (2001). Communication across cultures: Translation theory and contrastive text linguistics. Shanghai: Shanghai Foreign Language Education Press.
[24] Holmes, J. (1997). Women, language and identity. Journal of Sociolinguistics, 12, 195-223.
[25] Ivy, D. K., & Backlund P. (2000) Exploring gender speak: personal effectiveness in gender communication. (2nd ed.). USA: McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
[26] Jesperson, O. (1992). Language: Its nature, development and origin. London: Allen and Unwin.
[27] Lakoff, R. (1975). Language and woman’s place. New York: Harper and Row.
[28] Lefevere, A. (2004). Translation, rewriting and the manipulation of literary fame. Shanghai: Shanghai Foreign Language Education Press.
[29] Li, H.Q. (2005). Methodology of western translation studies since 1970s. Peking: Peking University Press.
[30] Mills, S. (1995). Feminist stylistics. London and New York: Routledge.
[31] Milroy, J., & Lesley M. (2001). Varieties and variation. In Florian Coulmas (Ed.), The handbook of sociolinguistics. Beijing: Foreign Language Teaching and Research Press.
[32] Seliger, H. W., & Shohamy, E. (1999). Second language research method. Shanghai: Shanghai Foreign Language Education Press.
[33] Simon, S. (1996). Gender in translation: Cultural identity and the politics of transmission. London and New York: Routledge.
[34] Spivak, G. C. (1993). Politics of translation. London and New York: Routledge.
[35] Venuti, L. (1992). Rethinking Translation. London and New York: Routlege.
[36] Venuti,L. (1998). The Scandals of transltion: Towards an ethics of difference. London & New York: Routledge.
[37] Venuti, L. (2004). The translator’s invisibility: A history of translation. Shanghai: Shanghai Foreign Language Education Press.
[38] Weedon, C. (1987). Feminist practice and poststructuralist theory. Cambridge: Blackwell.
[39] Yan, D. (2005). A contrastive study of gender language differences between English and Chinese. Shanghai: Shanghai Maritime University.
[40]陈福康(2002).《中国译学史稿》.上海:上海外语教育出版社.
[41]陈琳(2004).近十年加拿大翻译理论研究评介.《中国翻译》.第2期:68-71.
[42]陈琳(2004).中国译论的性别角色双重性.《四川外语学院学报》.第4期:97-100.
[43]陈晓兰(1999).《女性主义批评与文学诠释》.兰州:敦煌文艺出版社.
[44]陈永国(2005).《翻译与后现代性》.北京:中国人民大学出版社.
[45]费小平(2005).《翻译的政治——翻译研究与文化研究》.北京:中国社会科学出版社.
[46]冯文坤(2005).舞者,还是舞?——论女性主义翻译观与译者主体性.《四川师范大学学报(社科版)》.第2期:106-110.
[47]傅东华译(1979).《飘》.杭州:浙江人民出版社.
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