犬腹腔镜技术的基础研究及其在临床中的应用
|
摘要
外科微创化是21世纪外科的发展方向,而做为外科微创化的重要组成部分的腹腔镜技术具有手术视野清晰、出血量少、微创、对机体影响小、疼痛反应轻和术后恢复快等特点,已经广泛的应用于人类医学。在兽医领域国外早就有腹腔镜技术在动物中应用的报道,并且涉及到的动物种属多、应用领域广泛。然而国内腹腔镜技术在动物领域中的应用还很局限,多数都是用于繁殖领域,还未见有关犬的相关基础研究和手术。基于以上原因,本研究进行了犬最佳充气腹所用气腹压的选择试验;利用试验选择确定的最佳气腹压充气腹,完成犬腹腔镜脾脏摘除术、腹腔镜胆囊摘除术、腹腔镜膀胱切开与缝合术、腹腔镜胃切开与缝合术和腹腔镜胃固定术;进行腹腔镜胆囊切除术和开腹胆囊切除术的对比研究,以比较腹腔镜手术和开腹手术的优缺点。
30只犬,平均体重18kg,雌雄兼有。在同一条件下饲养21天,经临床和试验室检查健康后,开始进行试验。将试验犬随机分成五组,A组为麻醉组;B组气腹压值为0.80kPa;C组气腹压值为1.06kPa;D组气腹压值为1.33kPa;E组气腹压值为1.60kPa。分别于设定的七个时间点来监测试验犬的一些临床体征、体温(BT)、血压(SBP、SDP)、脉搏血氧饱和度(SpO_2)、呼吸频率(RR)、呼气末CO_2分压(PetCO_2)。同时分别于设定的六个时间点,采静脉血分离血清,检测免疫系统指标:白细胞总数、淋巴细胞总数、白细胞介素-6(IL-6),白细胞介素-8(IL-8),C反应蛋白(CRP)、肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α);检测肝功能:天门冬氨酸氨基转移酶(AST)、谷氨酸氨基转移酶(ALT)、碱性磷酸酶(ALP)、总胆红素(TBIL);肾功能:肌苷(Crea)、尿素氮(BUN)。除此之外,还分别用0.80、1.06、1.33、1.60kPa四种不同气腹压来充气腹,观察腹腔的膨隆是否能够充分显露术野。通过以上指标的监测与检测,并结合腹腔的膨隆情况确定一个最佳气腹压值。然后利用该气腹压值,进行每组6只犬的腹腔镜脾脏摘除术、腹腔镜胆囊摘除术、腹腔镜膀胱切开与缝合术、腹腔镜胃切开与缝合术和腹腔镜胃固定术。最后进行腹腔镜与开腹胆囊摘除术的对比试验。通过比较两种手术方法所用时间、切口长度和一些免疫应激指标来验证腹腔镜手术的优越性。
通过试验,得出以下结果:
1.不同CO_2气腹压对犬生理机能的影响
在气腹过程中,随着气腹压增大,气腹维持时间的延长,各监测和检测指标发生相应的变化。气腹压越大,这种改变越大。通过不同气腹压来充气腹,观察腹腔的膨隆是否能够充分显露术野的试验得知,压力为1.33 kPa时,术野显露很充分,完全可以进行手术。虽然E组暴露的术野更显著,但其对机体的损伤也明显大于B、C、D组;尽管B、C组对以上临床体征和生理指标的影响最小,但术野暴露不够充分。所以,1.33 kPa是进行腹腔镜手术的最佳气腹压值。
2.腹腔镜技术在犬的临床应用
选用1.33kPa的气腹压进行的30例手术均顺利完成,且术后均无感染,只有一例膀胱切开与缝合的手术有轻微的粘连,术后第二天食欲、精神状态基本恢复了正常。证明腹腔镜技术可以在兽医临床和外科手术中应用。
3.犬腹腔镜和开腹胆囊切除术的对比试验
通过试验得知,完成犬腹腔镜胆囊摘除术,平均需30min;而完成开腹胆囊手术平均需要50min;腹腔镜胆囊切摘除术手术切口总长度为3.3cm;手术完成后,只需要进行1针结节缝合直径11mm的穿刺孔,直径为5.5mm的穿刺孔不需要缝合。而开腹胆囊摘除术时,切口长度大约平均15cm,术后要常规结节缝合8-10针。
试验结果显示,两种手术方法术后,体温升高,白细胞总数增加,白细胞介素-6、C反应蛋白、肿瘤坏死因子-α逐渐增多,但开腹手术组的这些指标变化都明显高于腹腔镜手术组,免疫球蛋白等免疫指标也发生了相应的变化,所以腹腔镜手术要优于开腹手术。
综上所述,本试验首次在国内进行了犬腹腔镜手术的系统研究。确定了犬腹腔镜充气腹的最佳气腹压值为1.33kPa,并把该试验结果运用到腹腔镜手术中,进行了腹腔镜手术与常规开腹手术对机体影响的比较,探讨了腹腔镜技术在兽医临床与外科手术中的实用性与可行性,验证了腹腔镜外科的微创优点,为该技术在国内兽医临床的推广应用提供了科学理论依据。
Minimally invasive surgery is the development direction of surgical in 21~(st).And as an important component part of the minimally invasive surgery,laparoscopic technology has clear surgery eyesight,less bleeding,minimally invasive,small impact on the body,slight pain response,rapid postoperative recovery and other characteristics.The technology has been widely used in human medicine.There were many reports in veterinary field abroad about laparoscopic technology applying on animals and related to animal species has widespread applications. However,domestic laparoscopic technology applying on aninal field is very limited and most of which were used for breeding areas.There is no conrelated and basic reseach or surgery on dogs in China so far.So the objectives of the study were to choose the optimum pneumoperitoneum on dog's surgery;to complete the sliver and suture of stomach、cholecystectomy and the sliver and suture of bladder with the best pneumoperitoneum;to understand the advantages and disadvantages of laparoscopic cholecystectomy(LC) and open cholecystectomy(OC) according to comparative analysis of laparoscopic versus open splecectomy.
Thirty dogs(male or female) weighing about 18kg were selected and cultivated 7 days in the same constitution,then began to experimentize after the dogs were confirmed healthy in clinical and laboratory examination,randomly selected for five groups,named group A,B,C,D and E.Group A was anesthesia and group B,C,D,E were subjected to CO_2 pneumoperitoneum(PP) at pressure 0.80, 1.06,1.33 and1.60kPa.Body temperature(BT),blood pressure(SBP and SDP),SpO_2,respiratory rate(RR),PetCO_2 were recorded at seven time point after anesthesia.At the same time,each group were collected the blood for measurement of immunity function(WBC,Lym,IL-6,IL-8,CRP, TNF-α);liver function(AST,ALT,ALP,TBIL);renal function(Crea,BUN).Otherwise,we insufflated with different airpressure(0.80、1.06、1.33、1.60kPa) in order to compare which one could reveal the surgery eyesight thoroughly.We determined an optimum pneumoperitoneum according to test the above index and inflation condition.Then with the optimum pneumoperitoneum,laparoscopic surgery was performed such as laparoscopic repair of experimentally ruptured urinary bladder,laparoscopic splenectomy,laparoscopic cholecystectomy, laparoscopic silver and repair of stomach.At last,we did the contrast between laparoscopic cholecystectomy(LC) and open cholecystectomy(OC).The item of operating time and length of incision and index of immunity-stress were compared in order to test the advantages of laparoscope technique.The results showed that:
Firstly,the influence of different CO_2 pneumoperitomeum on physical function.
In the study,during the pneumoperitoneum process,along with increased abdominal pressure gas,all index have changed accordingly.The pneumoperitoneum pressure was more bigger and the change is more bigger.We found that the surgery eyesight can be exposed thoroughly at 1.33kPa and the surgery can be carried out with different insufflation in the test selecting the optimum surgery eyesight.
Secondly,the clinical application of laparoscope technique on dogs.
30 surgery were successfully completed with 1.33kPa pneumoperitoneum,and no postoperative infections,and only one incision and repair of the bladder appeared adhesions,after the second day its appetite,mental state recovered to normal.The fact that Laparoscopic techniques could be applied in veterinary clinical surgery was verified.
Thirdly,the contrast between laparoscopic cholecystectomy(LC) and open cholecystectomy(OC).
According to the test,complishing the LC needed 30min,but OC needed 50min.The total operative incision was about 3.3cm in LC and only one scobination could suture puncture hole of 11mm after surgery but the puncture hole of 5.5mm needn't suture;but operative incision was about 15cm and needed routine scobination suturation about 8-10.
The results show that,body tempture and WBC were increased;immunity index such as IL-6,CRP,TNF-α,immunoglobulin were changed accordingly.
On the whole,the laparoscopic surgery on dogs was firstly studied in China.The optimum PP of the dog was 1.33kPa,the effects of laparoscopic and traditional surgery was compared.All these revealed that the advantages of laparoscopy was feasible and practical,these will be the basis for applying of LS in domestic veterinary clinic.
30只犬,平均体重18kg,雌雄兼有。在同一条件下饲养21天,经临床和试验室检查健康后,开始进行试验。将试验犬随机分成五组,A组为麻醉组;B组气腹压值为0.80kPa;C组气腹压值为1.06kPa;D组气腹压值为1.33kPa;E组气腹压值为1.60kPa。分别于设定的七个时间点来监测试验犬的一些临床体征、体温(BT)、血压(SBP、SDP)、脉搏血氧饱和度(SpO_2)、呼吸频率(RR)、呼气末CO_2分压(PetCO_2)。同时分别于设定的六个时间点,采静脉血分离血清,检测免疫系统指标:白细胞总数、淋巴细胞总数、白细胞介素-6(IL-6),白细胞介素-8(IL-8),C反应蛋白(CRP)、肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α);检测肝功能:天门冬氨酸氨基转移酶(AST)、谷氨酸氨基转移酶(ALT)、碱性磷酸酶(ALP)、总胆红素(TBIL);肾功能:肌苷(Crea)、尿素氮(BUN)。除此之外,还分别用0.80、1.06、1.33、1.60kPa四种不同气腹压来充气腹,观察腹腔的膨隆是否能够充分显露术野。通过以上指标的监测与检测,并结合腹腔的膨隆情况确定一个最佳气腹压值。然后利用该气腹压值,进行每组6只犬的腹腔镜脾脏摘除术、腹腔镜胆囊摘除术、腹腔镜膀胱切开与缝合术、腹腔镜胃切开与缝合术和腹腔镜胃固定术。最后进行腹腔镜与开腹胆囊摘除术的对比试验。通过比较两种手术方法所用时间、切口长度和一些免疫应激指标来验证腹腔镜手术的优越性。
通过试验,得出以下结果:
1.不同CO_2气腹压对犬生理机能的影响
在气腹过程中,随着气腹压增大,气腹维持时间的延长,各监测和检测指标发生相应的变化。气腹压越大,这种改变越大。通过不同气腹压来充气腹,观察腹腔的膨隆是否能够充分显露术野的试验得知,压力为1.33 kPa时,术野显露很充分,完全可以进行手术。虽然E组暴露的术野更显著,但其对机体的损伤也明显大于B、C、D组;尽管B、C组对以上临床体征和生理指标的影响最小,但术野暴露不够充分。所以,1.33 kPa是进行腹腔镜手术的最佳气腹压值。
2.腹腔镜技术在犬的临床应用
选用1.33kPa的气腹压进行的30例手术均顺利完成,且术后均无感染,只有一例膀胱切开与缝合的手术有轻微的粘连,术后第二天食欲、精神状态基本恢复了正常。证明腹腔镜技术可以在兽医临床和外科手术中应用。
3.犬腹腔镜和开腹胆囊切除术的对比试验
通过试验得知,完成犬腹腔镜胆囊摘除术,平均需30min;而完成开腹胆囊手术平均需要50min;腹腔镜胆囊切摘除术手术切口总长度为3.3cm;手术完成后,只需要进行1针结节缝合直径11mm的穿刺孔,直径为5.5mm的穿刺孔不需要缝合。而开腹胆囊摘除术时,切口长度大约平均15cm,术后要常规结节缝合8-10针。
试验结果显示,两种手术方法术后,体温升高,白细胞总数增加,白细胞介素-6、C反应蛋白、肿瘤坏死因子-α逐渐增多,但开腹手术组的这些指标变化都明显高于腹腔镜手术组,免疫球蛋白等免疫指标也发生了相应的变化,所以腹腔镜手术要优于开腹手术。
综上所述,本试验首次在国内进行了犬腹腔镜手术的系统研究。确定了犬腹腔镜充气腹的最佳气腹压值为1.33kPa,并把该试验结果运用到腹腔镜手术中,进行了腹腔镜手术与常规开腹手术对机体影响的比较,探讨了腹腔镜技术在兽医临床与外科手术中的实用性与可行性,验证了腹腔镜外科的微创优点,为该技术在国内兽医临床的推广应用提供了科学理论依据。
Minimally invasive surgery is the development direction of surgical in 21~(st).And as an important component part of the minimally invasive surgery,laparoscopic technology has clear surgery eyesight,less bleeding,minimally invasive,small impact on the body,slight pain response,rapid postoperative recovery and other characteristics.The technology has been widely used in human medicine.There were many reports in veterinary field abroad about laparoscopic technology applying on animals and related to animal species has widespread applications. However,domestic laparoscopic technology applying on aninal field is very limited and most of which were used for breeding areas.There is no conrelated and basic reseach or surgery on dogs in China so far.So the objectives of the study were to choose the optimum pneumoperitoneum on dog's surgery;to complete the sliver and suture of stomach、cholecystectomy and the sliver and suture of bladder with the best pneumoperitoneum;to understand the advantages and disadvantages of laparoscopic cholecystectomy(LC) and open cholecystectomy(OC) according to comparative analysis of laparoscopic versus open splecectomy.
Thirty dogs(male or female) weighing about 18kg were selected and cultivated 7 days in the same constitution,then began to experimentize after the dogs were confirmed healthy in clinical and laboratory examination,randomly selected for five groups,named group A,B,C,D and E.Group A was anesthesia and group B,C,D,E were subjected to CO_2 pneumoperitoneum(PP) at pressure 0.80, 1.06,1.33 and1.60kPa.Body temperature(BT),blood pressure(SBP and SDP),SpO_2,respiratory rate(RR),PetCO_2 were recorded at seven time point after anesthesia.At the same time,each group were collected the blood for measurement of immunity function(WBC,Lym,IL-6,IL-8,CRP, TNF-α);liver function(AST,ALT,ALP,TBIL);renal function(Crea,BUN).Otherwise,we insufflated with different airpressure(0.80、1.06、1.33、1.60kPa) in order to compare which one could reveal the surgery eyesight thoroughly.We determined an optimum pneumoperitoneum according to test the above index and inflation condition.Then with the optimum pneumoperitoneum,laparoscopic surgery was performed such as laparoscopic repair of experimentally ruptured urinary bladder,laparoscopic splenectomy,laparoscopic cholecystectomy, laparoscopic silver and repair of stomach.At last,we did the contrast between laparoscopic cholecystectomy(LC) and open cholecystectomy(OC).The item of operating time and length of incision and index of immunity-stress were compared in order to test the advantages of laparoscope technique.The results showed that:
Firstly,the influence of different CO_2 pneumoperitomeum on physical function.
In the study,during the pneumoperitoneum process,along with increased abdominal pressure gas,all index have changed accordingly.The pneumoperitoneum pressure was more bigger and the change is more bigger.We found that the surgery eyesight can be exposed thoroughly at 1.33kPa and the surgery can be carried out with different insufflation in the test selecting the optimum surgery eyesight.
Secondly,the clinical application of laparoscope technique on dogs.
30 surgery were successfully completed with 1.33kPa pneumoperitoneum,and no postoperative infections,and only one incision and repair of the bladder appeared adhesions,after the second day its appetite,mental state recovered to normal.The fact that Laparoscopic techniques could be applied in veterinary clinical surgery was verified.
Thirdly,the contrast between laparoscopic cholecystectomy(LC) and open cholecystectomy(OC).
According to the test,complishing the LC needed 30min,but OC needed 50min.The total operative incision was about 3.3cm in LC and only one scobination could suture puncture hole of 11mm after surgery but the puncture hole of 5.5mm needn't suture;but operative incision was about 15cm and needed routine scobination suturation about 8-10.
The results show that,body tempture and WBC were increased;immunity index such as IL-6,CRP,TNF-α,immunoglobulin were changed accordingly.
On the whole,the laparoscopic surgery on dogs was firstly studied in China.The optimum PP of the dog was 1.33kPa,the effects of laparoscopic and traditional surgery was compared.All these revealed that the advantages of laparoscopy was feasible and practical,these will be the basis for applying of LS in domestic veterinary clinic.
引文
安云庆.1999.第一版.北京科学技术出版社,99-101.
敖翔,陆诚,段宏伟.2004.腹腔镜胆囊切除术二氧化碳气腹对动脉血气和呼气末二氧化碳分压的影响.中国临床医学,11(4):637-638.
白慧卿,陈玉民.1994.医学免疫学和微生物学[M].北京,人民卫生出版社,11-49。
蔡捍东.2000.经腹腔镜胆囊切除术对内分泌及代谢的影响[J].湖北医科大学学报,21(4):315-317.
陈传友.2003.浅谈腹腔镜在羊胚胎移植中的应用[J].黑龙江动物繁殖.11(4):25.
陈孝平,陈义发.2002.外科手术基本操作[M].人民卫生出版社,99-100.
陈训如,Peter Mack.1997.腹腔镜外科理论与实践[M].云南科技出版社,312-324..
陈亚生,朱月清,夏存林.2001.CO_2气腹对术中血浆甲状腺素影响的观察[J].临床麻醉学杂志,17(6):309-310.
仇明,沈炎明,华积德等.1994.腹腔镜下胃次全切除一例[J].中华医学杂志,74(5):305.
仇明.2002.我国腹腔镜胃手术的进展与评价[J].腹腔镜外科杂志,127(4):196-197.
代云群,黄春霞.2006.实验动物模型在脾脏研究中的应用[J].局解手术学杂志,15(2):130-131.
丁红,蒋晓梅,玛依拉等.1998.绵羊胚胎移植方法结果分析[J].草食家畜,3:23-25.
董君艳,谢伟东,娄红军.2005.犬胚胎移植手术路径研究性实验[J].中国工作犬业.5:10-11.
段满林译.1994.腹腔镜手术的有关问题和麻醉.国外医学·麻醉与复苏分册,15(2):85-87.
段体德,郑南,帅建.1995.腹腔镜胆囊切除术围手术期的应激反应[J].普外临床,10:291-293.
方弛华,邓明福,周玉宝等.1997.腹腔镜胆囊切除高碳酸血症机体免疫、补体和甲状腺激素的变化.中华试验外科杂志,14(2):82-83.
方铁,蔡秀军.2005.腹腔镜脾切除术的应用进展[J].浙江医学,27(5):399-401.
符少川.2006.腹腔镜手术不同气腹压及不同气腹时段的临床观察.山西医科大学,硕士学位论文,17-24.
腹腔镜手术的并发症及其预防措施,http://www.baby.com.
甘越力,陆立平.2002.针型腹腔镜与普通腹腔镜胆囊切除术应激反应比较[J].肝胆外科杂志,10(3):204-205.
高咏芬,杨丽华.2003.无创脉搏氧饱和度监测仪的临床应用[J].护理研究,8(17):938-939.
高玉英,杭燕南,王珊娟等.1995.腹腔镜胆囊切除术对呼吸和循环功能的影响[J],中华麻醉学杂志,15(12):548.
顾晓松.2006.人体解剖学[M].科学出版社,244.
胡钦勇,王卫星,王进胜.2003.ICAM-1在气腹后大鼠肝组织中的表达[J].武汉大学学报:医学版,24(2):155-157.
嵇武,陈训如,毛静熙等.1999.CO_2气腹对兔免疫功能的影响机制[J].世界华人消化杂志[J],7(10):899-900.
嵇武,陈训如.1999.腹腔镜手术对机体免疫功能的影响[J].腹腔镜外科杂志,6(6):532-534.
晋云,陈训如.2002.二氧化碳气腹对呼吸系统影响研究的新进展[J].解放军医学杂志,7(7):647-4548.
康鹏德,王坤正,尚宏喜等.2005.单纯闭合性胭动脉钝性损伤[J].骨与关节损伤杂志,21(8):564-566.
郎景和.1980.腹腔镜在妇科临床诊断上的应用[J].中华妇产科杂志.,3(17):78-79.
李建军,王洪斌,熊惠军等.2006.动物腹腔镜技术的应用研究进展.动物医学进展[J],27(7):51-54.
李金龙,陈勇,李荣祥等.2001.腹腔镜及大小胆囊切除术创伤反应对比研究[J].肝胆胰外科杂志,13(1):18-20.
李经纬,冯祝余,谭洪光.2004.气腹手术中不同时段二氧化碳分压变化的临床研究[J].
李文,刘彦,金志军等.2004.腹腔镜及开腹子宫切除术对免疫功能的对比研究[J].中国妇产科临床杂志,5(5):338.
李文茂,李方明.三孔式腹腔镜胆囊切除术340例效果分析,www.wyrj.com/lunwen/yk/lyn/linchuangyixue/5585.html.岭南现代临床外科,4(1):48-50.
刘宪生,钱家勤,李方和.1998.腹腔镜胆囊切除术和开腹胆囊切除术患者血清白细胞介素-6和c-反应蛋白水平[J].中华消化内镜杂志,15(2):72-74.
马保华,赵晓娥,王光亚.2000.腹腔镜检查山羊超排反应准确性的手术评价[J].西北农业学报,9(1):17-19.
穆娅玲,刘荣.2004.腹腔镜肝切除术中二氧化碳气腹对循环、P_(ET)CO_2和血气值的影响及围术期麻醉处理[J].解放军医学杂志,29(12)1088-1089.
潘建辉译.1994.腹腔镜外科围手术期并发症及其防治.国外医学·麻醉与复苏分册,15:225-227.
石国庆,杨永林,倪健宏等.2002.细型和超细型羊子宫角冷冻精液输精技术研究与应用[J].草食家畜.2:29-30
时吉庆,刘长安,龚建平.2003.腹腔镜手术对机体应激和代谢反应的影响[J].临床外科杂志,11(1):49-50.
田可川,阿扎提,史梅英等.1999.保存20年的美利奴羊冻精腹腔镜输精试验[J].中国畜牧杂志.1:33.
万鹏程,杨永林,石国庆等.2003.B超仪与腹腔内窥镜在绵羊早期妊娠诊断中的应用[J].草食家畜.1:31-32.
王炳煌,张炳彦,周明非等.1993.腹腔镜胆囊切除术并发症的预防[J].中华外科杂志,31(7):42-45.
王春墩,马卫明.狗病临床手册[M].金盾出版社,2006.
王刚,刘荣.2005.腹腔镜和开腹肝切除的临床对比研究[J]_中国实用外科杂志,25(10):617-620.
王光亚,马保华.1987.腹腔镜技术在山羊胚胎移植中的应用[J].西北农业大学学报.15(4):73-78.
王键.1998.腹腔镜胆囊切除术中生理变化[J].国外医学·麻醉学与复苏分册,20(5):257-259.
王进胜,王卫星,张训臣等.2003.二氧化碳气腹对正常大鼠肝细胞凋亡影响的实验研究[J].中国内镜杂志,9(2):21-23.
王力甚,倪蓉,饶瑞标.1999.二氧化碳气腹时血液动力学和血浆心钠素的变化[J].中华麻醉学杂志,19(1):39-41.
王卫星,严际慎,丁佑铭等.1998.腹腔镜和开腹胆囊切除术患者围手术期免疫功能的比较[J].中国内镜杂志,4(3):42-43.
王亚辉.1982.分子免疫学[M].北京:科学出版社,207-258.
王勇,张斌荣,王青等.2004.腹腔镜胆囊切除术对机体炎症反应的影响[J].中国微创外科杂志,4(5):42-43.
魏辉明.1998.气腹对脏器与神经内分泌的影响.国外医学麻醉学与复苏分册,20(5):259-262.
魏玉芝,李朝霞,陆海霞.2001.二氧化碳气腹压力对心率、平均动脉压、血氧饱和度的影响及对策,Modren Nursing.7(10):2-4.
吴士良,那彦群,郝金瑞等.1998.腹腔镜二氧化碳腹腔内与腹膜外充气的比较[J].中华泌尿外科杂志,19:48-50.
徐学富等.1997.腹腔镜胆囊切除术CO_2气腹对呼吸循环及血气的影响[J].内蒙古医学杂志,5:288-289.
许红兵,邹一平,郑方等.2000.腹腔镜脾切除术体会[J].中华肝胆外科杂志,5:386-388.
许瑞云,邱万寿,邓美海等.2001.手助腹腔镜下门静脉高压症巨脾切除术[J].中国内镜杂志,5:47-49.
荀祖武,刘云明.1991.电视腹腔镜胆囊切除术100例报告.中华外科杂志[J],29(10):616-618.
严美娟等.2006.不同气腹压对全麻下腹腔镜胆囊切除术呼吸循环功能的影响[J].中国内镜杂志,12(4):370-375.
严志龙,2004.二氧化碳气腹对动物生理影响的研究.腹腔镜外科杂志[J],9(1):122-125.
杨文科,翁建东,袁银英等.2002.腹腔镜胆囊切除术气腹对血流动力学和呼气末二氧化碳浓度的影响[J].中国综合临床.18(10):933.
尹善德.2004.妇科腹腔镜手术对下肢静脉血流的影响,第二军医大学,硕士学位论文,30-31.
俞松林.2005.腹腔镜气腹对机体免疫功能的研究进展[J].江西医药,40(1)37-38.
张爱容.1993.妇科电视腹腔镜手术40例报道.实用妇产科杂志,17(7):14-16.
张建芳,张学康,张红艳.2005.腹腔镜胆囊切除术中二氧化碳气腹对心血管的影响[J].实用临床医学,6(1):55-57.
张建萍,卢丹,王维.2000.妇科腹腔镜术与剖腹手术对机体应激反应的比较研究[J].中国实用妇科与产科杂志,16(10):615-616.
张庆尧,李克军.2003.腹腔镜胆囊切除术对机体免疫球蛋白、补体及CRP的影响.腹腔镜外科杂志,8(3):149-150.
张树荣,陈卫华,刘云等.2003.诊断性腹腔镜检查对患者肝肾功能的影响.成都军区医院学报,5(6):1-2.
张团英,陈旭,张凤兰.2007.不同气腹压力对大鼠系统免疫功能的影响[J].广东医学,28(7):1039-1040.
张旭,王少刚.2004.二氧化碳气腹对生理功能的影响[J].临床泌尿外科杂志,19:129-131.
张玉梅.2003.腹腔镜胆囊切除术二氧化碳气腹对呼吸和循环的影响[J].中国微创外科杂志.3(6):496-497.
郑成竹,刘洪涛.2005.腹腔镜胃手术临床应用现状[J].中华胃肠外科杂志,9(5):394-395.
郑功.2003.腹腔镜在膀胱外科的应用.国外医学泌尿系统分册,23(3):266-267.
周保军,张国建,段国强等.2007.腹腔镜和开腹直肠癌保肛手术对机体应激反应的影响.世界华人消化杂志,15(26):117-121.
周汉新,高金波.1997.腹腔镜术与剖腹术对机体免疫功能影响的比较[J].同济大学医学学报,26(6):457-460.
周正东,巴明臣,陈讯如等.2001.腹腔镜胆囊切除术后肝脏功能改变原因探讨.中华普通外科杂志,16(6):383.
邹声泉.2003.实用腔镜外科学[M].人民卫生出版社:363-366.
Aitola P,Airo I,Kaukinen S,et al.1998.Comparison of N_2O and CO_2pneumoperitoneums during iaparoscopic cholecystectomywith special reference to postoperative pain[J].Surg Laparosc Endosc,8:140-144.
Almagor M,Mintz A,Sibirsky O,et al.2005.Preoperative and postoperative levels of Interleukin-6 in patients with acute appendicitis:comparison between open and laparoscopic appendectomy.Surg Edose,19:331-333
Anderson DE,Gaughan EM,St-Jean G.1993.Normal Laparoscopic Anatomy of the Bovine Abodomen[J].Am J Vet Res,54:1170-1176.
Andrei VE,Schein M,Margolis M,et al.1998.Liver enzymes are commonly elevated following laparoscopic cholecystectomy is elevated intra-abdominal pressure the causes[J].Dig Surg, 15(3): 256-259.
Andrew J, Graham,Dennis W, et al. 1994. Effects of intra-abdominal CO_2 insufflation in the piglet[J].J Pediatr Surg, 29(9): 1276-1280.
Aoki T, Tanii M, Takahashik,et al.1994.Cardiovascular changes and plasma catecholamine levels during laparoscopic surgery. Anesth Analg, 78:8-10.
Austin B, Lanz OI, Hamilton SM, et al. 2003. Laparoscopic Ovariohysterectomy in Nine Dogs [J]. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc, 39:391-396.
Babkine M, Desrochers M. 2005. Laparoscopic Surgery in Adult Cattle [J]. Vet Clin Food Anim, 21:251-279.
Baigrie RJ, Lamont PM, Kwiatkowski D,et al. 1992. Systemic cytokine response after major surgery.Br J Surg,79(4):757.
Baxter J N, Dwyer P J. 1995. Patho PhysiologyoflaparoseoPy.BrJSurg, 8 (2) :1-2.
Berberoglu M, Dilek ON, Ercan F,et al. 1998. The effect of CO_2 insufflation rate on the postlaparoscopic shoulder pain[J].J Laparoendosc Adv Surg Tech A, 8(5):273-277.
Berci G, Sackier JM, Paz-Partlow M. 1991. Routine or selected intraoperative cholangiography during laparoscopic cholecystectomy .Am J Surg, 161(3):355-360.
Berg K, Wilhelm W. Grundmann U, et al. 1997. Laparoscopic cholecysteetomy-effeet of position changes and CO_2 pnetunoperitoneum on hemodynamic, respiratory and endoerinologic parameters[J].Zentralbl Chir, 122(5):395-404.
Berguer R, Cornelius T, Dalton M. 1997. The optimum pneumoperitoneum pressure for laparoscopic surgery in the rat model-a detailed cardiorespiratory study. Surg Endosc, 11(2):915-918.
Bernkeim BM. 1911. Organoscopyxystoscopy of the abdominal cavity.Ann.Surg,5 (3) :764.
Bessell JR, Karatassas A, Patterson JR, et al. 1995. Hypothermia induced by laparoscopic insufflation. Surg Endosc, 9:791-796.
Bicker A, Yahalom M, Rogun N. 2002.Power spectral analysis of heart rate variability during positive pressure pineumoperitoneum the sygnificance of increased cardiac sympathetic expression.Surg Endose,16(9):1341-1344.
Blaney MW, Calton WC, North JH. 1999. The effects of Pre Peritoneal carbondioxide insuffiationon eardio Pulmonary funetionin Pigs. JSLS,3(1):49-55.
Blober M, Bogdanski R, Jelen E, et al. 1999. Visceral resorption of intra-abdorminal insufflated carbon dioxid in swine[J]. Anasth Inten Notfall Schm, 34:94-99.
Boure L, Marcoux M, Lacerty S. 1997. Paralumbar Fossa Laparoscopic Ovariectomy in Horses with Use of Endoloop Ligatures. Vet Surg, 26(6):478-483
Boure LP, Kerr CL,.Pearce SG, et al. 2005. Comparison of Two Laparoscopic Suture Patterns for Repair of Experimentally Ruptured Urinary Bladders in Normal Neonatal Calves [J]. Vet Surg, 34:47-54
Brune IB, Schonleben K. 1992. Laparoskopische seit-zu-seit-gastrojejunostomie. Chirurg, 63(7):577-580.
Burpee SE, Kurian M,Murakame Y,et al.2002.The metabolic and immune response to laparoscopic vs open liver resection.Surg Endose, 16(6):899-904.
Clayr E M, Burch S M, Lau CL, et al. 2002. Effects of pneumoperitoneum on hemodynmaic and systemicimmunologic response to peritonitis in pigs.J Surg Res,108:32-38.
Delairre B, Maignien B. 1991. Spleneetomy by the laparoscopic approach. Report of a case [J].Presse Med,20(44):2263.
Delaitre B, Maignien B. 1992. Laparoscopic splenectomy-technical aspects.Surg Endosc, 6:305-308.
Demirer S, Karadayi K, Simsek S,et al. 2000. Comparison of postoperative acute-phasereactants in patients who underwent laparoscopic vs open cholecystectomy:a randomized study[J]. J Laparoendosc Adv Surg Tech A, 10:249-252.
Desousa H, Tyler IL. 1987. Can absorption of the insufflation gas during laparoscopy be harzardous[J]. Anesthesiology, 67:467.
Dexter SP, Vueevie M, Gibson J,et al. 1999. Hemodynamiee on sequences of high-and low-Pressure eapno Peritoneum during laparosco Pieeholeeysteetomy [J]. Surg Endose, 13(4):376-381.
Dorsay DA , Greene FL, Baysinger CL.1995. Hemodynamic changes during laparoscopic cholecystectomy monitored with transesophageal echocardiography[J]. Surg Endos,9(2): 128-133;discussion 133-134.
Draper K, Jefson R, Jongeward RJ, et al. 1997. Duration of postlaparoscopic pneumoperitoneum[J]. Surg Endosc, 11(8):809-811.
Dubois F, Bert helot G, Levard H. 1989. Cholecystectomy per coelioscopy. Nouv.Presse Med,18:980-982.
Dunn MD, McDougall EM. 2000. Renal physiology. Laparoscopic considerations[J].Urol Clin North Am, 27(4):609.
Duttick MI, Scott-Coombes DM, Dye J, et al. 1999. Comparison of immunologic and physiologic effects of CO_2 pneumoperitoneum at room and body temperatures. Surg Endose, 13:572-575.
Elhakin M, Elkott M, Ali NM, et al. 2000. Intraperitoneal lidocain for postoperative pain after laparoscopy[J].Acta Anesthesio Scand, 44(3):280-284.
Evrard S, Falkcnrodt A, Park et al. 1997. Influnce of CO_2 pneumoperitoneum on systemic and peritoneal cell-mediated immunity. Word J Surg, 21(4):353.
Fernandez-Cruz L, Saenz A,TauraP,et al. 1994. Pheochromocytoma: laparoscopic approach with CO_2 and helium pneumoperitoneum.Endosc Surg Allied Technol, 2:300-304.
Fervers C. 1933. Kie Laparoskopie mit dem Cystoskop,Mediz Kilnik,31:1042-1045.
Fischer AT. 2002. Equine Diagnostic Surgical Laparoscopy. Philadephia: WB Saunders, 143-147.
Fleming RY, Dougherty TB, Feig BW, et al. 1997. The safety of heliurnfor abdominal insumation[J]. SurgEndose, 11(3):230-234.
Fourestier N, Gladu A, Vulmiere J. 1952. Perfectionnements a lendoscopic medicale; realisation bronchoscopique.Presse Med,60:1292.
Frangenheim H. 1964. Tubal sterilization under visualization with the laparoscope. Geburtschilfe Frauenheilkd,24:470.
Frimberger E, von Sanden H, Wersdorfer C, et al. Laparoskopische Cholezystotomie. Fortschr Gastroenterol.Endosk 1987,17:100.
Fulton IC, Brown CM, Yamini B. 1990. Adenocarcinoma of Intestinal Origin in a Horse: Diagnosis by Bdominocentesis and Laparoscopy [J]. Equine Vet J, 22(6):447-448
Gagner M, Lacroix A. Bolte E.1992. Laparoscopic adrenalectomy in Cushing's syndrome and pheochromocytoma(Letter).N Engl J Mde,327:1033.
Gallagher LA, Freeman LJ, Trenka～Benthin S, et al. 1992. Laparoscopic Castration for Canine Cryptorchidism [J]. Veterinary Surgery, 21:411-412.
Galuppo LD, Synder JR, Pascoe JR, et al. 1996. Laparoscopic Anatomy of the Abdomen in Dorsally Recumbent Horses [J]. Am J Vet Res, 57:923-931
Galuppo LD, Synder JR,Pascoe JR, et al. 1995. Normal Laparoscopic Anatomy of the Equine Abdomen [J]. Am J Vet Res, 56:518-531
Gannedal P, Odeberg S, Brodin LA, et al. 1996. Effeets of Postureand Pneumo Peritoneum during Anaesthes iaontheindices of left ventrieular filling[J]. Aeta Anaesthesiol Seand, 40(2): 160-166.
Gebhardt H, Bautz A, Ross M, et al. 1997. Patho Physiological and eliniealas Pectsof the CO_2 Pneumoperitoneum(CO_2PP)[J].Surg Endose, 11(8):864-867.
Gharaibeh KI, AL Jaberi TM. 2000. Bupivacaine instillation into gallbladder bed after laparoscopic cholecystectomy.does it decrease shoulder pain[J]. J Laparoendosc Adv Surg Tech.A, 10(3):137-141.
Gimbo A, Catone G, Cristarella S, et al. 1993. A New, Less Invasive, Laparoscopic Technique for the Cryptorchidectomy in the Dog [J]. Arch Ital Urol Androl. 65(3):277-281.
Girardis M, Broi UD, Antonutto G,et al. 1996. The effect of laparoscopic cholecystectomy on cardiovascularfulletiol; and Pulmonarygasexehange[J].AnesthAnalg, 83(1):134-140.
Glerup H, Heindorff H, Flyvbjerg A, et al. 1995. Elective laparoscopi cholecystectomy nearly abolishes the postoperative hepatic catabolic stress response.Ann Surg, 221(3):214-219.
Godtze O. 1921. Kie neues Verfabren der Gasfullung fur das pneumoperitoneum.Munchen Med.Wochenschr,51:233.
Goethem BEBJ, Rosenveldt KW, Kirpensteijn J. 2003. Monopolar versus Bipolar Electrocoagulation in Canine Laparoscopic Ovariectomy: a Nonrandomized, Prospective, Clinical Trial [J]. Vet Surg, 32:464-470.
Goh P, Tekant Y, Isaac J, et al. 1992. The technique of laparoscopic Billroth Ⅱ gastrectomy. Surg Laparosc Endosc,2(3):258-260.
Gorden A. 1993. The history and development of endoscopic surgery. In Endoscopic Surgery for Gynaecologists,C.Sutton,M.P.Diamond,editors.London,Saunders, 3-7.
Gotz F, Pier A, Schippers E, et al. 1993. The history of laparoscopy. In Color Atlas of Laparoscopic Surgery,F.Gotz,A.Pier,E,Schippers,V.Schumpelick,editors.New York,Thieme, 3-5.
Graham AJ,Jirsch DW, Barrington KJ,et al. 1994. Effects of intra-abdominal CO_2 insufflation in the piglet[J].J Pediatr Surg, 29(9):1276-1280.
Grande M, Tucci GF. 2002. Systemic acute-phase response after laparoscopic and open cholecystectomy[J].Surg-Endosc, 16:313-316.
Haq Z. Rahman M, Siddique MA, et al. 2004.Interleukin-6(IL-6) and tumour necrosis faetor-alpha in open and laparoscopic cholecystectomy.Mymensing Med J,13:153-156.
Hardie RJ, Flanders JA, Schmidt P, et al. 1996. Biomechanical and Histological Evaluation of A Laparoscopic Stapled Gastropexy Technique in Dogs [J]. Vet Surg, 25(2):127-133.
Hawasli A, Oh H, Schervish E,et al. 2003. The effect of pneumo-peritoneum on kidney function in laparoscopic donor nephrectomy[J].Am Surg, 69(4):300.
Hazebroek EJ, de Bruin RW, Bouvy ND,et al. 2003. Long-term impact of pneumopentoneum used for laparoscopic donor nephrectomy on renal function and histomorphology in donor andrecipient rats[J].Ann Surg, 237(3):351.
Heinz P, Gutt CN, et al. 1999.The phagoaytosis activity during conventional and laparoscopic operations in the rat. Br J Surg, 86:1184.
Hendrickson DA, Wilson DG 1996. Instrumention and Techniques for Laparoscopic and Thoracoscopic Surgery in the Horse [J]. Veterinary Clinics of North America: Equine Practice, 12(2):235-259.
Hildebrandt V, Kessler K, Plusezyk T,et al. 2003 .Comparison of surgical stress between laparoscopic and open colonic resections[J].Surg Endose, 17(2):242-246.
Hirvonen EA, Nuutinen LS, Vuolteenaho O. 1997. Hormonal responses and cardiac filling pressures in head-up or head-down position and pneumoperitoneum in patients undergoing operative laparoseopy[J], Br J Anaesth,78(2): 128-133.
Ho HS, Saunders CJ, Gunther RA, et al. 1995. Effeetor of hemodynatnies during laparoseopy: CO_2 absorptionorintra Abdominal Pressure[J]. JSurgRes, 59(4):497-503.
Hopkins HH. 1953. On t he diffraction t heory of optical images.Proc.Soc.Lond,A217:408.
Ishizaki Y, Bandai Y, Shimomura K, et al. 1993. Safe intraabdominal pressure of carbon dioxide pneumoperitoneum during laparoscopic surgery[J]. Surgery, 114(3): 549-554.
Jacobaeus HC. 1910. Uber die moglichkeit die Zystoskope bei untersuchung seroser holung anzuwenden.Munch Med.Wochenschr,57:2090-2092.
Jacobaeus HC. 1911. Kurze Ubersicht uber meine Erfahrungen mit der Laparot horakoskopie. Munchen Med.Wochenschr,58:2017.
Jacobi CA, Ordemann J, Zieren HU, et al. Increased systemic inflammation after laparotomy vs laparoscopy in an animal model of peritonitis. Arch Sugr, 1998:133:258-262.
Jacobs M, Verdeja J C, Goldstein HS. 1991. Laparoscopic choledocholit hotomy. J Laparoendosc Surg, 1(2):79-82.
Jakenays MSR, Mitchell V, Hashim ZA, et al. 1994.Metabolic and inflammatory responses after open or laparascopic cholecystectomy. Br J Surg ,81:127-131.
Jakways MS, Mitchell V, Hashim Chadwick SJ, et al. 1994. Metabolic and inflammatory responses after open or laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Br J Surg, 81:127-131.
Janicki K, Bicki J, Radzikowska E, et al. 2001.Creactive protein(CRP)as a response to postoperative stress in laparoscopic cholecystectomy using the abdominal wall lift, with performed pneumoperitoneum(CO_2), and in open cholecystectomy[J]. Ann Univ Mariae Curie Sklodowska[Med], 56:397-402.
Janowitz H. 1998. Laparoscopic Reposition and Fixation of the Left Displaced Abdomasum in Cattle [J]. Tierarztl Prax Ausg G Grosstiere, 26:308-313
Joris J, Thiry E, Paris P, et al. 1995. Pain after laparoscopic cholecystectomy:characteristics and effect of intraperitoneal bupivacaine[J]. Anesth Analg, 81:379-384.
Junghans T, Bohm B, Grundel K, et al. 1997. Effeets of pneumoperitoneum with carbon dioxide, argon, or helitim on hemodynamic and respiratory function[J]. Arch Surg, 132(3):272-278.
Kalk H. 1929. Erfahrungen mit der laparoskopie.Z Klin Med,111:303-348.
Kavic SM, Kavic SM. 2002.Adhesions and adhesiolysis: the role of laparoscopy [J]. JSLS,6:99-109.
Kelling G. 1897. Endoskopie fuer Speiseroehre und Magen: Gegliedertes Oesophagoskop, welches durch Zug und Drehung streckbarist. Munch.Med.Wochenschr,44:934.
Kelling G. 1901. Die Tampinade der Bauchhoele mit Luftzue Stillung lebensgefaehrlicher Intesinalblutungen.Munch.Med.Wochenschr,48:1480-1483.
Kelling G. 1901. Ueber die besichtigung der Speisero.hre und des Magens mit biegasmen Instrumenten.73.Verhandlungen der Gesellschaft Deutscher Naturforscher und Arzte. Leipzig, Verlag von F.C.W.Vogel, 117-119.
Kirsch AJ, Hensle TW, Chang DT, et al. 1994. Renal effects of CO_2 in sufflation:oliguria and acute renal dysfunction in a rat pneumoperitoneum model[J]. Urology, 43: 453.
Klein C, Franz S, Leber A, et al. 2002. A New Technique of Laparoscopic Biopsy Sampling of the Small Intestine in Calves and Sheep [J]. Wien Tierarztl Monatsschr, 89:291-301.
Kloosteman T, von Bloodberg BME, Borgstein P, et al. 1994. Unimpaired immune functions after laparoscopic cholecystectomy.Surgery, 115:424-428.
Koivuranta MK, Laara E, Ryhanen PT, et al. 1996. Antiemetic efficacy of prophylactic ondansetron in laparoscopic cholecystectomy[J]. Anaesthesia, 51:52-55.
Koivusalo AM, Kellokumpu I, Lindgren L, et al. 1996. Gasless laparoscopic cholecystectomy comparison of postoperative recovery with conventional technique[J]. Br J Anaesthesia, 77:576-580.
Koksoy C, Kuzu MA, Kurt I, et al. 1995. Haemodynamic effeets of pneumoperitoneum during laparoscopic cholecystectomy:a prospective comparative study using bioimpedance cardiography.Br J Surg,82(7):972-974.
Korell M, Schmaus F, Strowitzki T,et al.Pain intensity following laparoscopy[J]. Surg Laparosc Endosc, 1996,6:375-379.
Kurz A, Sessler DI, Lenhardt R. 1996. Perioperative normothermia to reduce the incidence of surgica wound～infection and shorten hospitalization. N Engl J Med, 334:1209-1215.
Laparoscopic Biopsy of the Normal Canine Pancreas.in Proceedings of the 14th American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine Forum, San Antonio, 738.
Lausten SB, Lbrahim TM, Sefi T,et al. 1999. Systemic and cell mediated immune response after laparoscopic and open cholecystectomy in patients with chronic liver disease[J].A randomized, prospective study, Dig Surg, 16(6):471-477.
Lawrence N, Diebel MD, Robert F. 1992.Effect of increased intrabdominal pressure in hepatic, arterial, portal venous, and hepatic microcirculatory blood flow. J Trauma, 33:279-283
Leighton TA, Liu SY, Bongard FS, et al. 1993. Comparative cardiopulmonary effects of carbon dioxide versus helium pneumoperitoneum[J].Surgery, 113:527.
Lentsehener C, Axler O, Fernandez H, et al. 2001. Haemodynamic changes and vasopressin release are not consistently associated with carbon dioxide pneumoperitoneum in humans [J].Acta Anaesthesiol Scand, 45(5):527-535.
Litynski GS. 1998. Kurt Semm and the fight against skepticisnrendoscopic hemostasis, laparoscopic appendectomy and Semm's impact on the " laparoscopic revolution". Soc Laparoendosc Surg,2(3):309-313.
Liwack K, Parnass S. 1998. Practical points in the management of postoperative nausea and vomiting[J]. J Post Anaesth Nur, 3:275.
Makineu MT, Ylihankala A. 1996. The effect of laparoscopic cholecystectomy on respiratory compliance as determined by continuous spirometry[J]. J Clin Anesth, 11(9):22.
Malik～E, Buchweitz O, Muller Steinhardt M, et al. 2001. Prospective evaluation of thesystemic immune response following abdominal,vaginal,and laparoscopically assisted vaginal hysterectomy[J].Surg Endosc, 15:463-466.
Mann C, Boeeara G, Pouzeratte Y, et al. The relationship among carbon dioxide pneumoperitoneum, vasopressin release and hemodynamic changes[J]. Anesth Analg, 1999, 89(2):278-283.
Mann C, Boeearaq Pouzerattey, et al. 1999. Hemodyn micmonitoringusingeso ageal Doppler ultrasonogra Phydngla Parosco Piecholecystectomy. Can J Anaesth, 46(1):15-17.
Marathe US, Lilly RE, Silvestry SC, et al. 1996. Alterations inhemodynamics and left ventrieulareontraetility during earbondioxide Pneumo Peritoneum[J].Surg Endose, 10(10):974-978.
Matsuoka Y, Kusunose S, Kitamura R, et al. 2001. Pulmonary Embolism during Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy Detected by Sudden Decrease in End-Tidal Carbon Dioxide Pressure [J]. Masui, 50:42-45.
McLaughlin JG, Seheeres DE, Dean RJ, et al. 1995. The adverse hemodynamic effeets of laparoseopie Cholecysteetomy[J].Surg Endose, 92:121-124.
Michael A West, David J Hackam, Jeffrey Baker, et al. 2000. Mechanism of Decreased in Vitro Murine Macrophage Cytokine Release After Exposure to Carbon Dioxide[J].Animals of Surg,13: 18-20.
Mikimi O, Kawakita S, Fujies K, et al. 1996.Catecholamine release caused by carbon dioxide insufflation during laparoscopic surgery[J]. Urol, 155: 1368.
Morion M, Giraudo G, Festa V. 1998. Alterations in hepatic function during laparoscopic surgery～an experimental clinical study. Surg Endosc,12(1):968-972.
Muhe E. 1986. Die erste Cholecystektomie durch has laparoskop.English summary. Langenbecks Arch Klin Chir,369:804.
Mulon PY, Babkine M, Desrochers A, et al. 2006. Ventral Laparoscopic Abomasopexy in 18 Cattle with Displaced Abomasum [J]. Veterinary Surgery, 35 (4):347-355.
Myre Id Ros PM, Buanes T, et al. Plasma eate eholamines and haemodynamiee hanges during Pneumo Peritoneum[J].Aeta aesthesiol Scand, 1998, 42(3):343-347.
Naoi M, Kokue E, Takahashi Y, et al. 1985. Laparoscopic Assisted Serial Biopsy of the Bovine Kidney [J]. Am J Vet Res, 46:699-702.
Nesek-Adam V, Rasic Z, Kos J, et al. 2004. Aminotransferases after experimental pneumoperitoneum in dogs[J]. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand, 48(7): 862-866.
Neuhaus SJ, Watson DI, Ellis T, et al. 2000. Influence of gases on intraperitioncal immunity during laparoscopy in tumor-bearing rats. World J Surg, 24:1227.
Newman KD, Anderson DE. 2003. Comparison of Two Techniques for Laparoscopic Abomasopexy for Correction of Left Displaced Abomasum in Dairy Cows. American Association of Bovine Practitioners. Conference. Proceedings of the Annual Conference, Proquest Agriculture Journals. 242-246.
Nguyen Ninh T, Goldman, Charles D, et al. 2002.Systemic stress response after laparoscopic and open gastric bypass.SO[J].J Am Coll Surg,194:557-566; discussion 566-567.
Nguyen NT, Anderson JT, Budd M,et al. Effects of pneumo peritoneum on intraoperative pulmonary mechanics and gas exchange during laparoscopic gastric bypass[J]. Surg Endosc,2004,18(1):64.
Nishiguchi K,Okuda J, Toyoda M, et al. 2001. Comparative evaluation of surgical stress of laparoscopic and open surgeries for colorectal carcinoma.Dis Colon Rectum,44:223-230.
O'Malley C, Cunningham AJ. 2001. Physiologic changes during laparoscopy[J].Anesthesiol Clin North America, 19(1):1-3.
Olmen MM Col C, Isman FK et al. 1997. Comparison of erum creactive protein(CRP) levels in different intraabdominal insufflation ptrssure.Surg Endose, 11(5):556.
Ordemann J, Jacobi CA, Schwenk W,et al. 2001. Cellular and humoral inflammatory response ater laparoscopic and conventional colorectal resection[J].Surg Endose, 15(6):600-608.
Palombo JD, Liu K, Greif WM, etal. 1999. Effects of laparoscopic vs laparotomy treatment of Eeoli peritonitis on hemodynamic responses in a porcine model.Surg Endose, 13:1001-1006.
Pena, FJ, Anel L, Dominguez, et al. 1998. Laparoscopic Surgery in a Clinical Case of Seminoma in A Cryptorchid Dog [J]. Veterinary Record, 142:671-672
Pepe M, Gialletti R, Moriconi F, et al. 2005. Laparoscopic Sterilization of Sardinia Donkeys Using An Endoscopic Stapler [J]. Vet Surg, 34:260-264.
Pepys MB, Baltz ML. 1983. Acute phase proteins with special reference to CRP and related proteins(pentraxins) and serum amyloid A. Adv Immunol,34(2):141-221.
Perissat J. 1999. Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy, a Treatment for Gallstones:From Idea to Reality. World J.Surg,23:328-331.
Popp LW. 1991. Endoskopische hernioplastik: transcutane Aquadissekiton desbruchsackes und praperitoneale prost hetische Deckung des Bauchwanddefektes.Chirurg,62(4):336-339.
Portera CA, Compton RP, Walters DN, et al. 1995. Benefits of pulmonary artery catheter and transesophageal echocardiographic monitoring in laparoscopic cholecystectomy patients with cardiac disease[J].Am J Surg,169(2):202-206;discussion 206-207.
Puri GD, Singh H. 1992. Ventilatory effects of laparoscopy under generalanaesthesia. Br J Anaesth, 68:211.
Rademaker BM, Bannenberg JJ, Kalkman CJ, et al. 1995. Effeets of Pnetuno Peritonetun with heliumon hemodynamic sandoxygen transport: aeom Parisonwithcarbondioxide[J]. La Paroendose Sur 5(1): 15-20.
Rawlings CA, Diamond H, Howerth EW, et al. 2003. Diagnostic Quality of Percutaneous Kidney Biopsy Specimens Obtained with Laparoscopy versus Ultrasound Guidance in Dogs [J]. Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association, 223(3):317-321.
Reich H, Mcglynn F, Decaprio J, et al.1991. Laparoscopic excision of benign liver lesions. Obstet Gynecol,78(5):956-958.
Richter KP. 2001. Laparoscopy in Dogs and Cats [J]. Veterinary Clinics of North America: Small Animal Practice, 31(4):707-727.
Richter S, Olinger, A, Hildebrandt U,et al. 2001. Loss of Physiologic Hepatic Blood Flow Control ("Hepatic Arterial Buffer Response") During CO_2～Pneumoperitoneum in the Rat[J].Anesth Analg, 3(4):872
Rishimani A S, Gautam S C. 1996. Hemodynamieandres Piratoryehanges during laParoseo Pie eholeeysteetomy with high and redue edintra abdominal Pressure [J] .Surg LaParose Endose, 6(3):201-204.
Rubin SZ, Davis GM, Schgal Y,et al.1996.Does laparoscopy adverserly effects gas exchang and pulmonary mechanics in the newborn[J] Laparoendosc Surg, 6(1):69-73.
Saad S, Minor I, Mohri T et al.2001.The clinical impact of wanned insufflation carbon dioxide gas for laparoscopic chelecystectomy. Surg Endosc,15(10):1244-1245.
Sarli R, Costi G, SansebastianoM,et al.Prospective randomized trial of low-pressure pneumopertoneums for reduction of shoulder-tip pain following laparoscopy[J].Br J Surgery,2000,87:1161-1165.
Schafer M, Sagesser H, Reichen J, et al. 2001. Alterations in hemodynamics and hepatic and splanchnic circulation during laparoscopy in rats[J]. Surg Endosc, 15(10):1197.
Schauer PR, Sirinek KR. 1995. The laparoscopi approach reduces the endocrine response to elective cholecystectomy.Am Surg, 61(2): 106-111.
Schein M, Wittman DH, Aprahamian CC. 1995. The abdominal compartment syndrome: the physiological and clinical consequence of elevated intra～abdominal pressure. J Am Coll Surg, 180:745-753.
Schietroma M, Carlei F, Lezoche E, et al. 2001. Evaluation of immune response in patients after open or laparoscopic cholecystectomy[J].Hepatogastroenterology,48:642-646.
Schlilling MK, Redaelli CR, Kruhenbubl L. 1997. Splanchnic microcirculation changes during CO_2 laparoscopy. J Am Coll Surg, 378-382.
Schlinkert RT. 1991. Laparoscopic assisted right hemicolectomy. Dis Colon Rectum, 34:1030-1031.
Schmandra TC, Kim ZG, Gutt CN. 2001. Effect of insufflation gas and intraabdominal pressure on portal venous flow during pneumoperitoneum in the rat[J]. Surg Endosc, 15(4): 405-408.
Sebastiaan A, Christiaan FP, Kirpensteijn J. 2005. Neodymium: Yttrium Aluminum Garnet Surgical Laser versus Bipolar Electrocoagulation for Laparoscopic Ovariectomy in Dogs [J]. Vet Surg, 34:353-357
Seeger T, Kumper H, Failing K, et al. 2006. Comparison of Laparoscopic～Guided Abomasopexy versus Omentopexy Via Right Flank Laparotomy for the Treatment of Left Abomasal Displacement in Dairy Cows [J]. American Journal of Veterinary Research, 67(3):472-478.
Sehulte～Steinberg H, Meyerq Forst H. 1996. Arehigll risk Patientes and idates form inimally invasive surgery with CO_2 Pneumo Peritoneum. View Point from anesthesiology[J].Chirurg, 67(1):72-76.
Semm K. 1967. Das Pneumoperitoneummit CO_2 In Endoslopie Met hoden, Ergebnisse, L.Demling, L.Demling R. Ottenjann, deitors. Munich, Banaschewski, 16(1): 167-169.
Semm K. 1978. Tissue～puncher and looplingation New aids for surgical therapeutic pelviscopy(laparoscopy): Endoscopic intra-abdominal surgery.Endoscopy,10:119-127.
Semm K. 1982. The endoscopic intra-abdominal suture.Geburtshilfe Frauenheilkd,42:56-57.
Sietses C, Havenith CE, Eijsbouts QA,et al. 2000.Laparoscopic surgery preserver monocyte～mediated tumor cell killing in contrast to the conventional approach[J].Surg Endosc, 14:456-460.
Spinella G, Romagnoli N, Valentini S, et al. 2003. Application of the 'Extraction Bag'in Laparoscopic Treatment of Unilateral and Bilateral Abdominal Cryptorchidism in Dogs [J]. Veterinary Research Communications, 27:445-447.
Suzanne Odeberg Wernerman. 2000. Laparoscopic surgery effects on circulatory and respiratory physiology: an overview[J].Eur J Surg, Supp,58(5):4.
Tadashi Iwanaka, Marc S Arkovitz, GajraArya MS, et al. 1997.Evaluation of operativestress and peritoneal,macrophage function in minimally invasive operatio ns[J].Jourof the Am College of Surgeons,184:357-363.
Tan M, Xu FF, Peng JS, et al. 2003 .Changes in the level of serum liver enzymes after laparoscopic surgery[J]. World J Gastroenterol, 9(2):364
Tsimoyiannis EC, Siakas P, Tassis A, et al. 1998. Intraperitoneal normal saline infusion for postoperative pain after laparoscopic cholecystectomy[J].World J Surg, 22(8):824-828.
Ure BM, Niewold TA, Bax NMA, et al. 2002. Peritoneal, Systemic, and Distant Organ inflammatory Responses are Deduced by a Laparoscopic Approach and Carbon Dioxide versus Air [J]. Surg Endosc, 16(5):836-842.
Vallina VL, Velasco JM. 1996. The influence of laparoscopy on lymphocyte subpopuiations in the surgical patient.Surg Endose, 10(4):481-484.
Veress J. 1938. Neues Instrument zur Ausfuhrung von Brustoder Bauchpunktionen und Pneumot horaxbehandlung.Dtsch Med Wochenschr,41:1480.
Walder AD, Aitkenhead AR, AR. 1997. Role of vasopressin in the haemodynamic response to laparsxopic cholecysteetomy[J].Br Janaesth,78(3):264-266.
Wayand W, Woisetschlager R. 1993. Laparoskopische resektion einer lebermetastase. Chirurg, 64(3):195-197.
Wesley SW, Hardy J. 2004. Laparoscopic Repair of a Small Intestinal Mesenteric Rent in A Broodmare [J]. Veterinary Surgery, 33:92-95.
West MA, Hackam DJ, Barker J, et al. 1997. Mchanism of decreased in vitromutine macrophage eytokine release after exposure to carbon dioxide. Annals of surery.226:179.
Wildt DE, Lawler DF. 1985. Laparoscopic Sterilization of the Bitch and Queen by Uterine Horn Occlusion [J]. American Journal of Veterinary Research, 46(4):864-869
Wildt DE, Seager SW, Bridges CH. 1981. Sterilization of the Male Dog and Cat by Laparoscopic Occlusion of the Ductus Defrens [J]. American Journal of Veterinary Research, 42(11):1888-1897.
Wilson AD, Ferguson JG. 1984. Use of A Flexible Fiberoptic Laparoscope as a Diagnostic Aid in Cattle [J]. Can Vet J, 25:229-234
Wilson ER, Henderson RA, Montgomery RD, et al. 1996. A Comparison of Laparoscopic and Belt-Loop Gastropexy in Dogs [J]. Vet Surg, 25(3):221-227.
Windberger U, Siegl H, Woisetschlager R, et al. 1994. Hemodynamic changes during prolongde laparoscopic surgery[J]. Eur Surg Res, 26:1.
Winslow ER, Brunt LM. 2003. Perioperative outcomes of laparoscopic versus open splenectomy: A meta analysis with an emphasis on complications. Surgery, 134: 647-655.
Wittgen CM, Andrrus CH , Fitzgerald SD , et al. 1991.Analysis of the hemodynamic and ventilatory effects of laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Arch Surg, 12(6) :997.
Yahara N, Abe T, Morita K,et al. 2002.Comparison of interleukin-6,interleukin-8,and granulocyte colony stimulating factor production by the peritoneum in laparoscopic and open surgery [J] .Surg Endosc, 16:1615-1619.
敖翔,陆诚,段宏伟.2004.腹腔镜胆囊切除术二氧化碳气腹对动脉血气和呼气末二氧化碳分压的影响.中国临床医学,11(4):637-638.
白慧卿,陈玉民.1994.医学免疫学和微生物学[M].北京,人民卫生出版社,11-49。
蔡捍东.2000.经腹腔镜胆囊切除术对内分泌及代谢的影响[J].湖北医科大学学报,21(4):315-317.
陈传友.2003.浅谈腹腔镜在羊胚胎移植中的应用[J].黑龙江动物繁殖.11(4):25.
陈孝平,陈义发.2002.外科手术基本操作[M].人民卫生出版社,99-100.
陈训如,Peter Mack.1997.腹腔镜外科理论与实践[M].云南科技出版社,312-324..
陈亚生,朱月清,夏存林.2001.CO_2气腹对术中血浆甲状腺素影响的观察[J].临床麻醉学杂志,17(6):309-310.
仇明,沈炎明,华积德等.1994.腹腔镜下胃次全切除一例[J].中华医学杂志,74(5):305.
仇明.2002.我国腹腔镜胃手术的进展与评价[J].腹腔镜外科杂志,127(4):196-197.
代云群,黄春霞.2006.实验动物模型在脾脏研究中的应用[J].局解手术学杂志,15(2):130-131.
丁红,蒋晓梅,玛依拉等.1998.绵羊胚胎移植方法结果分析[J].草食家畜,3:23-25.
董君艳,谢伟东,娄红军.2005.犬胚胎移植手术路径研究性实验[J].中国工作犬业.5:10-11.
段满林译.1994.腹腔镜手术的有关问题和麻醉.国外医学·麻醉与复苏分册,15(2):85-87.
段体德,郑南,帅建.1995.腹腔镜胆囊切除术围手术期的应激反应[J].普外临床,10:291-293.
方弛华,邓明福,周玉宝等.1997.腹腔镜胆囊切除高碳酸血症机体免疫、补体和甲状腺激素的变化.中华试验外科杂志,14(2):82-83.
方铁,蔡秀军.2005.腹腔镜脾切除术的应用进展[J].浙江医学,27(5):399-401.
符少川.2006.腹腔镜手术不同气腹压及不同气腹时段的临床观察.山西医科大学,硕士学位论文,17-24.
腹腔镜手术的并发症及其预防措施,http://www.baby.com.
甘越力,陆立平.2002.针型腹腔镜与普通腹腔镜胆囊切除术应激反应比较[J].肝胆外科杂志,10(3):204-205.
高咏芬,杨丽华.2003.无创脉搏氧饱和度监测仪的临床应用[J].护理研究,8(17):938-939.
高玉英,杭燕南,王珊娟等.1995.腹腔镜胆囊切除术对呼吸和循环功能的影响[J],中华麻醉学杂志,15(12):548.
顾晓松.2006.人体解剖学[M].科学出版社,244.
胡钦勇,王卫星,王进胜.2003.ICAM-1在气腹后大鼠肝组织中的表达[J].武汉大学学报:医学版,24(2):155-157.
嵇武,陈训如,毛静熙等.1999.CO_2气腹对兔免疫功能的影响机制[J].世界华人消化杂志[J],7(10):899-900.
嵇武,陈训如.1999.腹腔镜手术对机体免疫功能的影响[J].腹腔镜外科杂志,6(6):532-534.
晋云,陈训如.2002.二氧化碳气腹对呼吸系统影响研究的新进展[J].解放军医学杂志,7(7):647-4548.
康鹏德,王坤正,尚宏喜等.2005.单纯闭合性胭动脉钝性损伤[J].骨与关节损伤杂志,21(8):564-566.
郎景和.1980.腹腔镜在妇科临床诊断上的应用[J].中华妇产科杂志.,3(17):78-79.
李建军,王洪斌,熊惠军等.2006.动物腹腔镜技术的应用研究进展.动物医学进展[J],27(7):51-54.
李金龙,陈勇,李荣祥等.2001.腹腔镜及大小胆囊切除术创伤反应对比研究[J].肝胆胰外科杂志,13(1):18-20.
李经纬,冯祝余,谭洪光.2004.气腹手术中不同时段二氧化碳分压变化的临床研究[J].
李文,刘彦,金志军等.2004.腹腔镜及开腹子宫切除术对免疫功能的对比研究[J].中国妇产科临床杂志,5(5):338.
李文茂,李方明.三孔式腹腔镜胆囊切除术340例效果分析,www.wyrj.com/lunwen/yk/lyn/linchuangyixue/5585.html.岭南现代临床外科,4(1):48-50.
刘宪生,钱家勤,李方和.1998.腹腔镜胆囊切除术和开腹胆囊切除术患者血清白细胞介素-6和c-反应蛋白水平[J].中华消化内镜杂志,15(2):72-74.
马保华,赵晓娥,王光亚.2000.腹腔镜检查山羊超排反应准确性的手术评价[J].西北农业学报,9(1):17-19.
穆娅玲,刘荣.2004.腹腔镜肝切除术中二氧化碳气腹对循环、P_(ET)CO_2和血气值的影响及围术期麻醉处理[J].解放军医学杂志,29(12)1088-1089.
潘建辉译.1994.腹腔镜外科围手术期并发症及其防治.国外医学·麻醉与复苏分册,15:225-227.
石国庆,杨永林,倪健宏等.2002.细型和超细型羊子宫角冷冻精液输精技术研究与应用[J].草食家畜.2:29-30
时吉庆,刘长安,龚建平.2003.腹腔镜手术对机体应激和代谢反应的影响[J].临床外科杂志,11(1):49-50.
田可川,阿扎提,史梅英等.1999.保存20年的美利奴羊冻精腹腔镜输精试验[J].中国畜牧杂志.1:33.
万鹏程,杨永林,石国庆等.2003.B超仪与腹腔内窥镜在绵羊早期妊娠诊断中的应用[J].草食家畜.1:31-32.
王炳煌,张炳彦,周明非等.1993.腹腔镜胆囊切除术并发症的预防[J].中华外科杂志,31(7):42-45.
王春墩,马卫明.狗病临床手册[M].金盾出版社,2006.
王刚,刘荣.2005.腹腔镜和开腹肝切除的临床对比研究[J]_中国实用外科杂志,25(10):617-620.
王光亚,马保华.1987.腹腔镜技术在山羊胚胎移植中的应用[J].西北农业大学学报.15(4):73-78.
王键.1998.腹腔镜胆囊切除术中生理变化[J].国外医学·麻醉学与复苏分册,20(5):257-259.
王进胜,王卫星,张训臣等.2003.二氧化碳气腹对正常大鼠肝细胞凋亡影响的实验研究[J].中国内镜杂志,9(2):21-23.
王力甚,倪蓉,饶瑞标.1999.二氧化碳气腹时血液动力学和血浆心钠素的变化[J].中华麻醉学杂志,19(1):39-41.
王卫星,严际慎,丁佑铭等.1998.腹腔镜和开腹胆囊切除术患者围手术期免疫功能的比较[J].中国内镜杂志,4(3):42-43.
王亚辉.1982.分子免疫学[M].北京:科学出版社,207-258.
王勇,张斌荣,王青等.2004.腹腔镜胆囊切除术对机体炎症反应的影响[J].中国微创外科杂志,4(5):42-43.
魏辉明.1998.气腹对脏器与神经内分泌的影响.国外医学麻醉学与复苏分册,20(5):259-262.
魏玉芝,李朝霞,陆海霞.2001.二氧化碳气腹压力对心率、平均动脉压、血氧饱和度的影响及对策,Modren Nursing.7(10):2-4.
吴士良,那彦群,郝金瑞等.1998.腹腔镜二氧化碳腹腔内与腹膜外充气的比较[J].中华泌尿外科杂志,19:48-50.
徐学富等.1997.腹腔镜胆囊切除术CO_2气腹对呼吸循环及血气的影响[J].内蒙古医学杂志,5:288-289.
许红兵,邹一平,郑方等.2000.腹腔镜脾切除术体会[J].中华肝胆外科杂志,5:386-388.
许瑞云,邱万寿,邓美海等.2001.手助腹腔镜下门静脉高压症巨脾切除术[J].中国内镜杂志,5:47-49.
荀祖武,刘云明.1991.电视腹腔镜胆囊切除术100例报告.中华外科杂志[J],29(10):616-618.
严美娟等.2006.不同气腹压对全麻下腹腔镜胆囊切除术呼吸循环功能的影响[J].中国内镜杂志,12(4):370-375.
严志龙,2004.二氧化碳气腹对动物生理影响的研究.腹腔镜外科杂志[J],9(1):122-125.
杨文科,翁建东,袁银英等.2002.腹腔镜胆囊切除术气腹对血流动力学和呼气末二氧化碳浓度的影响[J].中国综合临床.18(10):933.
尹善德.2004.妇科腹腔镜手术对下肢静脉血流的影响,第二军医大学,硕士学位论文,30-31.
俞松林.2005.腹腔镜气腹对机体免疫功能的研究进展[J].江西医药,40(1)37-38.
张爱容.1993.妇科电视腹腔镜手术40例报道.实用妇产科杂志,17(7):14-16.
张建芳,张学康,张红艳.2005.腹腔镜胆囊切除术中二氧化碳气腹对心血管的影响[J].实用临床医学,6(1):55-57.
张建萍,卢丹,王维.2000.妇科腹腔镜术与剖腹手术对机体应激反应的比较研究[J].中国实用妇科与产科杂志,16(10):615-616.
张庆尧,李克军.2003.腹腔镜胆囊切除术对机体免疫球蛋白、补体及CRP的影响.腹腔镜外科杂志,8(3):149-150.
张树荣,陈卫华,刘云等.2003.诊断性腹腔镜检查对患者肝肾功能的影响.成都军区医院学报,5(6):1-2.
张团英,陈旭,张凤兰.2007.不同气腹压力对大鼠系统免疫功能的影响[J].广东医学,28(7):1039-1040.
张旭,王少刚.2004.二氧化碳气腹对生理功能的影响[J].临床泌尿外科杂志,19:129-131.
张玉梅.2003.腹腔镜胆囊切除术二氧化碳气腹对呼吸和循环的影响[J].中国微创外科杂志.3(6):496-497.
郑成竹,刘洪涛.2005.腹腔镜胃手术临床应用现状[J].中华胃肠外科杂志,9(5):394-395.
郑功.2003.腹腔镜在膀胱外科的应用.国外医学泌尿系统分册,23(3):266-267.
周保军,张国建,段国强等.2007.腹腔镜和开腹直肠癌保肛手术对机体应激反应的影响.世界华人消化杂志,15(26):117-121.
周汉新,高金波.1997.腹腔镜术与剖腹术对机体免疫功能影响的比较[J].同济大学医学学报,26(6):457-460.
周正东,巴明臣,陈讯如等.2001.腹腔镜胆囊切除术后肝脏功能改变原因探讨.中华普通外科杂志,16(6):383.
邹声泉.2003.实用腔镜外科学[M].人民卫生出版社:363-366.
Aitola P,Airo I,Kaukinen S,et al.1998.Comparison of N_2O and CO_2pneumoperitoneums during iaparoscopic cholecystectomywith special reference to postoperative pain[J].Surg Laparosc Endosc,8:140-144.
Almagor M,Mintz A,Sibirsky O,et al.2005.Preoperative and postoperative levels of Interleukin-6 in patients with acute appendicitis:comparison between open and laparoscopic appendectomy.Surg Edose,19:331-333
Anderson DE,Gaughan EM,St-Jean G.1993.Normal Laparoscopic Anatomy of the Bovine Abodomen[J].Am J Vet Res,54:1170-1176.
Andrei VE,Schein M,Margolis M,et al.1998.Liver enzymes are commonly elevated following laparoscopic cholecystectomy is elevated intra-abdominal pressure the causes[J].Dig Surg, 15(3): 256-259.
Andrew J, Graham,Dennis W, et al. 1994. Effects of intra-abdominal CO_2 insufflation in the piglet[J].J Pediatr Surg, 29(9): 1276-1280.
Aoki T, Tanii M, Takahashik,et al.1994.Cardiovascular changes and plasma catecholamine levels during laparoscopic surgery. Anesth Analg, 78:8-10.
Austin B, Lanz OI, Hamilton SM, et al. 2003. Laparoscopic Ovariohysterectomy in Nine Dogs [J]. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc, 39:391-396.
Babkine M, Desrochers M. 2005. Laparoscopic Surgery in Adult Cattle [J]. Vet Clin Food Anim, 21:251-279.
Baigrie RJ, Lamont PM, Kwiatkowski D,et al. 1992. Systemic cytokine response after major surgery.Br J Surg,79(4):757.
Baxter J N, Dwyer P J. 1995. Patho PhysiologyoflaparoseoPy.BrJSurg, 8 (2) :1-2.
Berberoglu M, Dilek ON, Ercan F,et al. 1998. The effect of CO_2 insufflation rate on the postlaparoscopic shoulder pain[J].J Laparoendosc Adv Surg Tech A, 8(5):273-277.
Berci G, Sackier JM, Paz-Partlow M. 1991. Routine or selected intraoperative cholangiography during laparoscopic cholecystectomy .Am J Surg, 161(3):355-360.
Berg K, Wilhelm W. Grundmann U, et al. 1997. Laparoscopic cholecysteetomy-effeet of position changes and CO_2 pnetunoperitoneum on hemodynamic, respiratory and endoerinologic parameters[J].Zentralbl Chir, 122(5):395-404.
Berguer R, Cornelius T, Dalton M. 1997. The optimum pneumoperitoneum pressure for laparoscopic surgery in the rat model-a detailed cardiorespiratory study. Surg Endosc, 11(2):915-918.
Bernkeim BM. 1911. Organoscopyxystoscopy of the abdominal cavity.Ann.Surg,5 (3) :764.
Bessell JR, Karatassas A, Patterson JR, et al. 1995. Hypothermia induced by laparoscopic insufflation. Surg Endosc, 9:791-796.
Bicker A, Yahalom M, Rogun N. 2002.Power spectral analysis of heart rate variability during positive pressure pineumoperitoneum the sygnificance of increased cardiac sympathetic expression.Surg Endose,16(9):1341-1344.
Blaney MW, Calton WC, North JH. 1999. The effects of Pre Peritoneal carbondioxide insuffiationon eardio Pulmonary funetionin Pigs. JSLS,3(1):49-55.
Blober M, Bogdanski R, Jelen E, et al. 1999. Visceral resorption of intra-abdorminal insufflated carbon dioxid in swine[J]. Anasth Inten Notfall Schm, 34:94-99.
Boure L, Marcoux M, Lacerty S. 1997. Paralumbar Fossa Laparoscopic Ovariectomy in Horses with Use of Endoloop Ligatures. Vet Surg, 26(6):478-483
Boure LP, Kerr CL,.Pearce SG, et al. 2005. Comparison of Two Laparoscopic Suture Patterns for Repair of Experimentally Ruptured Urinary Bladders in Normal Neonatal Calves [J]. Vet Surg, 34:47-54
Brune IB, Schonleben K. 1992. Laparoskopische seit-zu-seit-gastrojejunostomie. Chirurg, 63(7):577-580.
Burpee SE, Kurian M,Murakame Y,et al.2002.The metabolic and immune response to laparoscopic vs open liver resection.Surg Endose, 16(6):899-904.
Clayr E M, Burch S M, Lau CL, et al. 2002. Effects of pneumoperitoneum on hemodynmaic and systemicimmunologic response to peritonitis in pigs.J Surg Res,108:32-38.
Delairre B, Maignien B. 1991. Spleneetomy by the laparoscopic approach. Report of a case [J].Presse Med,20(44):2263.
Delaitre B, Maignien B. 1992. Laparoscopic splenectomy-technical aspects.Surg Endosc, 6:305-308.
Demirer S, Karadayi K, Simsek S,et al. 2000. Comparison of postoperative acute-phasereactants in patients who underwent laparoscopic vs open cholecystectomy:a randomized study[J]. J Laparoendosc Adv Surg Tech A, 10:249-252.
Desousa H, Tyler IL. 1987. Can absorption of the insufflation gas during laparoscopy be harzardous[J]. Anesthesiology, 67:467.
Dexter SP, Vueevie M, Gibson J,et al. 1999. Hemodynamiee on sequences of high-and low-Pressure eapno Peritoneum during laparosco Pieeholeeysteetomy [J]. Surg Endose, 13(4):376-381.
Dorsay DA , Greene FL, Baysinger CL.1995. Hemodynamic changes during laparoscopic cholecystectomy monitored with transesophageal echocardiography[J]. Surg Endos,9(2): 128-133;discussion 133-134.
Draper K, Jefson R, Jongeward RJ, et al. 1997. Duration of postlaparoscopic pneumoperitoneum[J]. Surg Endosc, 11(8):809-811.
Dubois F, Bert helot G, Levard H. 1989. Cholecystectomy per coelioscopy. Nouv.Presse Med,18:980-982.
Dunn MD, McDougall EM. 2000. Renal physiology. Laparoscopic considerations[J].Urol Clin North Am, 27(4):609.
Duttick MI, Scott-Coombes DM, Dye J, et al. 1999. Comparison of immunologic and physiologic effects of CO_2 pneumoperitoneum at room and body temperatures. Surg Endose, 13:572-575.
Elhakin M, Elkott M, Ali NM, et al. 2000. Intraperitoneal lidocain for postoperative pain after laparoscopy[J].Acta Anesthesio Scand, 44(3):280-284.
Evrard S, Falkcnrodt A, Park et al. 1997. Influnce of CO_2 pneumoperitoneum on systemic and peritoneal cell-mediated immunity. Word J Surg, 21(4):353.
Fernandez-Cruz L, Saenz A,TauraP,et al. 1994. Pheochromocytoma: laparoscopic approach with CO_2 and helium pneumoperitoneum.Endosc Surg Allied Technol, 2:300-304.
Fervers C. 1933. Kie Laparoskopie mit dem Cystoskop,Mediz Kilnik,31:1042-1045.
Fischer AT. 2002. Equine Diagnostic Surgical Laparoscopy. Philadephia: WB Saunders, 143-147.
Fleming RY, Dougherty TB, Feig BW, et al. 1997. The safety of heliurnfor abdominal insumation[J]. SurgEndose, 11(3):230-234.
Fourestier N, Gladu A, Vulmiere J. 1952. Perfectionnements a lendoscopic medicale; realisation bronchoscopique.Presse Med,60:1292.
Frangenheim H. 1964. Tubal sterilization under visualization with the laparoscope. Geburtschilfe Frauenheilkd,24:470.
Frimberger E, von Sanden H, Wersdorfer C, et al. Laparoskopische Cholezystotomie. Fortschr Gastroenterol.Endosk 1987,17:100.
Fulton IC, Brown CM, Yamini B. 1990. Adenocarcinoma of Intestinal Origin in a Horse: Diagnosis by Bdominocentesis and Laparoscopy [J]. Equine Vet J, 22(6):447-448
Gagner M, Lacroix A. Bolte E.1992. Laparoscopic adrenalectomy in Cushing's syndrome and pheochromocytoma(Letter).N Engl J Mde,327:1033.
Gallagher LA, Freeman LJ, Trenka～Benthin S, et al. 1992. Laparoscopic Castration for Canine Cryptorchidism [J]. Veterinary Surgery, 21:411-412.
Galuppo LD, Synder JR, Pascoe JR, et al. 1996. Laparoscopic Anatomy of the Abdomen in Dorsally Recumbent Horses [J]. Am J Vet Res, 57:923-931
Galuppo LD, Synder JR,Pascoe JR, et al. 1995. Normal Laparoscopic Anatomy of the Equine Abdomen [J]. Am J Vet Res, 56:518-531
Gannedal P, Odeberg S, Brodin LA, et al. 1996. Effeets of Postureand Pneumo Peritoneum during Anaesthes iaontheindices of left ventrieular filling[J]. Aeta Anaesthesiol Seand, 40(2): 160-166.
Gebhardt H, Bautz A, Ross M, et al. 1997. Patho Physiological and eliniealas Pectsof the CO_2 Pneumoperitoneum(CO_2PP)[J].Surg Endose, 11(8):864-867.
Gharaibeh KI, AL Jaberi TM. 2000. Bupivacaine instillation into gallbladder bed after laparoscopic cholecystectomy.does it decrease shoulder pain[J]. J Laparoendosc Adv Surg Tech.A, 10(3):137-141.
Gimbo A, Catone G, Cristarella S, et al. 1993. A New, Less Invasive, Laparoscopic Technique for the Cryptorchidectomy in the Dog [J]. Arch Ital Urol Androl. 65(3):277-281.
Girardis M, Broi UD, Antonutto G,et al. 1996. The effect of laparoscopic cholecystectomy on cardiovascularfulletiol; and Pulmonarygasexehange[J].AnesthAnalg, 83(1):134-140.
Glerup H, Heindorff H, Flyvbjerg A, et al. 1995. Elective laparoscopi cholecystectomy nearly abolishes the postoperative hepatic catabolic stress response.Ann Surg, 221(3):214-219.
Godtze O. 1921. Kie neues Verfabren der Gasfullung fur das pneumoperitoneum.Munchen Med.Wochenschr,51:233.
Goethem BEBJ, Rosenveldt KW, Kirpensteijn J. 2003. Monopolar versus Bipolar Electrocoagulation in Canine Laparoscopic Ovariectomy: a Nonrandomized, Prospective, Clinical Trial [J]. Vet Surg, 32:464-470.
Goh P, Tekant Y, Isaac J, et al. 1992. The technique of laparoscopic Billroth Ⅱ gastrectomy. Surg Laparosc Endosc,2(3):258-260.
Gorden A. 1993. The history and development of endoscopic surgery. In Endoscopic Surgery for Gynaecologists,C.Sutton,M.P.Diamond,editors.London,Saunders, 3-7.
Gotz F, Pier A, Schippers E, et al. 1993. The history of laparoscopy. In Color Atlas of Laparoscopic Surgery,F.Gotz,A.Pier,E,Schippers,V.Schumpelick,editors.New York,Thieme, 3-5.
Graham AJ,Jirsch DW, Barrington KJ,et al. 1994. Effects of intra-abdominal CO_2 insufflation in the piglet[J].J Pediatr Surg, 29(9):1276-1280.
Grande M, Tucci GF. 2002. Systemic acute-phase response after laparoscopic and open cholecystectomy[J].Surg-Endosc, 16:313-316.
Haq Z. Rahman M, Siddique MA, et al. 2004.Interleukin-6(IL-6) and tumour necrosis faetor-alpha in open and laparoscopic cholecystectomy.Mymensing Med J,13:153-156.
Hardie RJ, Flanders JA, Schmidt P, et al. 1996. Biomechanical and Histological Evaluation of A Laparoscopic Stapled Gastropexy Technique in Dogs [J]. Vet Surg, 25(2):127-133.
Hawasli A, Oh H, Schervish E,et al. 2003. The effect of pneumo-peritoneum on kidney function in laparoscopic donor nephrectomy[J].Am Surg, 69(4):300.
Hazebroek EJ, de Bruin RW, Bouvy ND,et al. 2003. Long-term impact of pneumopentoneum used for laparoscopic donor nephrectomy on renal function and histomorphology in donor andrecipient rats[J].Ann Surg, 237(3):351.
Heinz P, Gutt CN, et al. 1999.The phagoaytosis activity during conventional and laparoscopic operations in the rat. Br J Surg, 86:1184.
Hendrickson DA, Wilson DG 1996. Instrumention and Techniques for Laparoscopic and Thoracoscopic Surgery in the Horse [J]. Veterinary Clinics of North America: Equine Practice, 12(2):235-259.
Hildebrandt V, Kessler K, Plusezyk T,et al. 2003 .Comparison of surgical stress between laparoscopic and open colonic resections[J].Surg Endose, 17(2):242-246.
Hirvonen EA, Nuutinen LS, Vuolteenaho O. 1997. Hormonal responses and cardiac filling pressures in head-up or head-down position and pneumoperitoneum in patients undergoing operative laparoseopy[J], Br J Anaesth,78(2): 128-133.
Ho HS, Saunders CJ, Gunther RA, et al. 1995. Effeetor of hemodynatnies during laparoseopy: CO_2 absorptionorintra Abdominal Pressure[J]. JSurgRes, 59(4):497-503.
Hopkins HH. 1953. On t he diffraction t heory of optical images.Proc.Soc.Lond,A217:408.
Ishizaki Y, Bandai Y, Shimomura K, et al. 1993. Safe intraabdominal pressure of carbon dioxide pneumoperitoneum during laparoscopic surgery[J]. Surgery, 114(3): 549-554.
Jacobaeus HC. 1910. Uber die moglichkeit die Zystoskope bei untersuchung seroser holung anzuwenden.Munch Med.Wochenschr,57:2090-2092.
Jacobaeus HC. 1911. Kurze Ubersicht uber meine Erfahrungen mit der Laparot horakoskopie. Munchen Med.Wochenschr,58:2017.
Jacobi CA, Ordemann J, Zieren HU, et al. Increased systemic inflammation after laparotomy vs laparoscopy in an animal model of peritonitis. Arch Sugr, 1998:133:258-262.
Jacobs M, Verdeja J C, Goldstein HS. 1991. Laparoscopic choledocholit hotomy. J Laparoendosc Surg, 1(2):79-82.
Jakenays MSR, Mitchell V, Hashim ZA, et al. 1994.Metabolic and inflammatory responses after open or laparascopic cholecystectomy. Br J Surg ,81:127-131.
Jakways MS, Mitchell V, Hashim Chadwick SJ, et al. 1994. Metabolic and inflammatory responses after open or laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Br J Surg, 81:127-131.
Janicki K, Bicki J, Radzikowska E, et al. 2001.Creactive protein(CRP)as a response to postoperative stress in laparoscopic cholecystectomy using the abdominal wall lift, with performed pneumoperitoneum(CO_2), and in open cholecystectomy[J]. Ann Univ Mariae Curie Sklodowska[Med], 56:397-402.
Janowitz H. 1998. Laparoscopic Reposition and Fixation of the Left Displaced Abdomasum in Cattle [J]. Tierarztl Prax Ausg G Grosstiere, 26:308-313
Joris J, Thiry E, Paris P, et al. 1995. Pain after laparoscopic cholecystectomy:characteristics and effect of intraperitoneal bupivacaine[J]. Anesth Analg, 81:379-384.
Junghans T, Bohm B, Grundel K, et al. 1997. Effeets of pneumoperitoneum with carbon dioxide, argon, or helitim on hemodynamic and respiratory function[J]. Arch Surg, 132(3):272-278.
Kalk H. 1929. Erfahrungen mit der laparoskopie.Z Klin Med,111:303-348.
Kavic SM, Kavic SM. 2002.Adhesions and adhesiolysis: the role of laparoscopy [J]. JSLS,6:99-109.
Kelling G. 1897. Endoskopie fuer Speiseroehre und Magen: Gegliedertes Oesophagoskop, welches durch Zug und Drehung streckbarist. Munch.Med.Wochenschr,44:934.
Kelling G. 1901. Die Tampinade der Bauchhoele mit Luftzue Stillung lebensgefaehrlicher Intesinalblutungen.Munch.Med.Wochenschr,48:1480-1483.
Kelling G. 1901. Ueber die besichtigung der Speisero.hre und des Magens mit biegasmen Instrumenten.73.Verhandlungen der Gesellschaft Deutscher Naturforscher und Arzte. Leipzig, Verlag von F.C.W.Vogel, 117-119.
Kirsch AJ, Hensle TW, Chang DT, et al. 1994. Renal effects of CO_2 in sufflation:oliguria and acute renal dysfunction in a rat pneumoperitoneum model[J]. Urology, 43: 453.
Klein C, Franz S, Leber A, et al. 2002. A New Technique of Laparoscopic Biopsy Sampling of the Small Intestine in Calves and Sheep [J]. Wien Tierarztl Monatsschr, 89:291-301.
Kloosteman T, von Bloodberg BME, Borgstein P, et al. 1994. Unimpaired immune functions after laparoscopic cholecystectomy.Surgery, 115:424-428.
Koivuranta MK, Laara E, Ryhanen PT, et al. 1996. Antiemetic efficacy of prophylactic ondansetron in laparoscopic cholecystectomy[J]. Anaesthesia, 51:52-55.
Koivusalo AM, Kellokumpu I, Lindgren L, et al. 1996. Gasless laparoscopic cholecystectomy comparison of postoperative recovery with conventional technique[J]. Br J Anaesthesia, 77:576-580.
Koksoy C, Kuzu MA, Kurt I, et al. 1995. Haemodynamic effeets of pneumoperitoneum during laparoscopic cholecystectomy:a prospective comparative study using bioimpedance cardiography.Br J Surg,82(7):972-974.
Korell M, Schmaus F, Strowitzki T,et al.Pain intensity following laparoscopy[J]. Surg Laparosc Endosc, 1996,6:375-379.
Kurz A, Sessler DI, Lenhardt R. 1996. Perioperative normothermia to reduce the incidence of surgica wound～infection and shorten hospitalization. N Engl J Med, 334:1209-1215.
Laparoscopic Biopsy of the Normal Canine Pancreas.in Proceedings of the 14th American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine Forum, San Antonio, 738.
Lausten SB, Lbrahim TM, Sefi T,et al. 1999. Systemic and cell mediated immune response after laparoscopic and open cholecystectomy in patients with chronic liver disease[J].A randomized, prospective study, Dig Surg, 16(6):471-477.
Lawrence N, Diebel MD, Robert F. 1992.Effect of increased intrabdominal pressure in hepatic, arterial, portal venous, and hepatic microcirculatory blood flow. J Trauma, 33:279-283
Leighton TA, Liu SY, Bongard FS, et al. 1993. Comparative cardiopulmonary effects of carbon dioxide versus helium pneumoperitoneum[J].Surgery, 113:527.
Lentsehener C, Axler O, Fernandez H, et al. 2001. Haemodynamic changes and vasopressin release are not consistently associated with carbon dioxide pneumoperitoneum in humans [J].Acta Anaesthesiol Scand, 45(5):527-535.
Litynski GS. 1998. Kurt Semm and the fight against skepticisnrendoscopic hemostasis, laparoscopic appendectomy and Semm's impact on the " laparoscopic revolution". Soc Laparoendosc Surg,2(3):309-313.
Liwack K, Parnass S. 1998. Practical points in the management of postoperative nausea and vomiting[J]. J Post Anaesth Nur, 3:275.
Makineu MT, Ylihankala A. 1996. The effect of laparoscopic cholecystectomy on respiratory compliance as determined by continuous spirometry[J]. J Clin Anesth, 11(9):22.
Malik～E, Buchweitz O, Muller Steinhardt M, et al. 2001. Prospective evaluation of thesystemic immune response following abdominal,vaginal,and laparoscopically assisted vaginal hysterectomy[J].Surg Endosc, 15:463-466.
Mann C, Boeeara G, Pouzeratte Y, et al. The relationship among carbon dioxide pneumoperitoneum, vasopressin release and hemodynamic changes[J]. Anesth Analg, 1999, 89(2):278-283.
Mann C, Boeearaq Pouzerattey, et al. 1999. Hemodyn micmonitoringusingeso ageal Doppler ultrasonogra Phydngla Parosco Piecholecystectomy. Can J Anaesth, 46(1):15-17.
Marathe US, Lilly RE, Silvestry SC, et al. 1996. Alterations inhemodynamics and left ventrieulareontraetility during earbondioxide Pneumo Peritoneum[J].Surg Endose, 10(10):974-978.
Matsuoka Y, Kusunose S, Kitamura R, et al. 2001. Pulmonary Embolism during Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy Detected by Sudden Decrease in End-Tidal Carbon Dioxide Pressure [J]. Masui, 50:42-45.
McLaughlin JG, Seheeres DE, Dean RJ, et al. 1995. The adverse hemodynamic effeets of laparoseopie Cholecysteetomy[J].Surg Endose, 92:121-124.
Michael A West, David J Hackam, Jeffrey Baker, et al. 2000. Mechanism of Decreased in Vitro Murine Macrophage Cytokine Release After Exposure to Carbon Dioxide[J].Animals of Surg,13: 18-20.
Mikimi O, Kawakita S, Fujies K, et al. 1996.Catecholamine release caused by carbon dioxide insufflation during laparoscopic surgery[J]. Urol, 155: 1368.
Morion M, Giraudo G, Festa V. 1998. Alterations in hepatic function during laparoscopic surgery～an experimental clinical study. Surg Endosc,12(1):968-972.
Muhe E. 1986. Die erste Cholecystektomie durch has laparoskop.English summary. Langenbecks Arch Klin Chir,369:804.
Mulon PY, Babkine M, Desrochers A, et al. 2006. Ventral Laparoscopic Abomasopexy in 18 Cattle with Displaced Abomasum [J]. Veterinary Surgery, 35 (4):347-355.
Myre Id Ros PM, Buanes T, et al. Plasma eate eholamines and haemodynamiee hanges during Pneumo Peritoneum[J].Aeta aesthesiol Scand, 1998, 42(3):343-347.
Naoi M, Kokue E, Takahashi Y, et al. 1985. Laparoscopic Assisted Serial Biopsy of the Bovine Kidney [J]. Am J Vet Res, 46:699-702.
Nesek-Adam V, Rasic Z, Kos J, et al. 2004. Aminotransferases after experimental pneumoperitoneum in dogs[J]. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand, 48(7): 862-866.
Neuhaus SJ, Watson DI, Ellis T, et al. 2000. Influence of gases on intraperitioncal immunity during laparoscopy in tumor-bearing rats. World J Surg, 24:1227.
Newman KD, Anderson DE. 2003. Comparison of Two Techniques for Laparoscopic Abomasopexy for Correction of Left Displaced Abomasum in Dairy Cows. American Association of Bovine Practitioners. Conference. Proceedings of the Annual Conference, Proquest Agriculture Journals. 242-246.
Nguyen Ninh T, Goldman, Charles D, et al. 2002.Systemic stress response after laparoscopic and open gastric bypass.SO[J].J Am Coll Surg,194:557-566; discussion 566-567.
Nguyen NT, Anderson JT, Budd M,et al. Effects of pneumo peritoneum on intraoperative pulmonary mechanics and gas exchange during laparoscopic gastric bypass[J]. Surg Endosc,2004,18(1):64.
Nishiguchi K,Okuda J, Toyoda M, et al. 2001. Comparative evaluation of surgical stress of laparoscopic and open surgeries for colorectal carcinoma.Dis Colon Rectum,44:223-230.
O'Malley C, Cunningham AJ. 2001. Physiologic changes during laparoscopy[J].Anesthesiol Clin North America, 19(1):1-3.
Olmen MM Col C, Isman FK et al. 1997. Comparison of erum creactive protein(CRP) levels in different intraabdominal insufflation ptrssure.Surg Endose, 11(5):556.
Ordemann J, Jacobi CA, Schwenk W,et al. 2001. Cellular and humoral inflammatory response ater laparoscopic and conventional colorectal resection[J].Surg Endose, 15(6):600-608.
Palombo JD, Liu K, Greif WM, etal. 1999. Effects of laparoscopic vs laparotomy treatment of Eeoli peritonitis on hemodynamic responses in a porcine model.Surg Endose, 13:1001-1006.
Pena, FJ, Anel L, Dominguez, et al. 1998. Laparoscopic Surgery in a Clinical Case of Seminoma in A Cryptorchid Dog [J]. Veterinary Record, 142:671-672
Pepe M, Gialletti R, Moriconi F, et al. 2005. Laparoscopic Sterilization of Sardinia Donkeys Using An Endoscopic Stapler [J]. Vet Surg, 34:260-264.
Pepys MB, Baltz ML. 1983. Acute phase proteins with special reference to CRP and related proteins(pentraxins) and serum amyloid A. Adv Immunol,34(2):141-221.
Perissat J. 1999. Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy, a Treatment for Gallstones:From Idea to Reality. World J.Surg,23:328-331.
Popp LW. 1991. Endoskopische hernioplastik: transcutane Aquadissekiton desbruchsackes und praperitoneale prost hetische Deckung des Bauchwanddefektes.Chirurg,62(4):336-339.
Portera CA, Compton RP, Walters DN, et al. 1995. Benefits of pulmonary artery catheter and transesophageal echocardiographic monitoring in laparoscopic cholecystectomy patients with cardiac disease[J].Am J Surg,169(2):202-206;discussion 206-207.
Puri GD, Singh H. 1992. Ventilatory effects of laparoscopy under generalanaesthesia. Br J Anaesth, 68:211.
Rademaker BM, Bannenberg JJ, Kalkman CJ, et al. 1995. Effeets of Pnetuno Peritonetun with heliumon hemodynamic sandoxygen transport: aeom Parisonwithcarbondioxide[J]. La Paroendose Sur 5(1): 15-20.
Rawlings CA, Diamond H, Howerth EW, et al. 2003. Diagnostic Quality of Percutaneous Kidney Biopsy Specimens Obtained with Laparoscopy versus Ultrasound Guidance in Dogs [J]. Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association, 223(3):317-321.
Reich H, Mcglynn F, Decaprio J, et al.1991. Laparoscopic excision of benign liver lesions. Obstet Gynecol,78(5):956-958.
Richter KP. 2001. Laparoscopy in Dogs and Cats [J]. Veterinary Clinics of North America: Small Animal Practice, 31(4):707-727.
Richter S, Olinger, A, Hildebrandt U,et al. 2001. Loss of Physiologic Hepatic Blood Flow Control ("Hepatic Arterial Buffer Response") During CO_2～Pneumoperitoneum in the Rat[J].Anesth Analg, 3(4):872
Rishimani A S, Gautam S C. 1996. Hemodynamieandres Piratoryehanges during laParoseo Pie eholeeysteetomy with high and redue edintra abdominal Pressure [J] .Surg LaParose Endose, 6(3):201-204.
Rubin SZ, Davis GM, Schgal Y,et al.1996.Does laparoscopy adverserly effects gas exchang and pulmonary mechanics in the newborn[J] Laparoendosc Surg, 6(1):69-73.
Saad S, Minor I, Mohri T et al.2001.The clinical impact of wanned insufflation carbon dioxide gas for laparoscopic chelecystectomy. Surg Endosc,15(10):1244-1245.
Sarli R, Costi G, SansebastianoM,et al.Prospective randomized trial of low-pressure pneumopertoneums for reduction of shoulder-tip pain following laparoscopy[J].Br J Surgery,2000,87:1161-1165.
Schafer M, Sagesser H, Reichen J, et al. 2001. Alterations in hemodynamics and hepatic and splanchnic circulation during laparoscopy in rats[J]. Surg Endosc, 15(10):1197.
Schauer PR, Sirinek KR. 1995. The laparoscopi approach reduces the endocrine response to elective cholecystectomy.Am Surg, 61(2): 106-111.
Schein M, Wittman DH, Aprahamian CC. 1995. The abdominal compartment syndrome: the physiological and clinical consequence of elevated intra～abdominal pressure. J Am Coll Surg, 180:745-753.
Schietroma M, Carlei F, Lezoche E, et al. 2001. Evaluation of immune response in patients after open or laparoscopic cholecystectomy[J].Hepatogastroenterology,48:642-646.
Schlilling MK, Redaelli CR, Kruhenbubl L. 1997. Splanchnic microcirculation changes during CO_2 laparoscopy. J Am Coll Surg, 378-382.
Schlinkert RT. 1991. Laparoscopic assisted right hemicolectomy. Dis Colon Rectum, 34:1030-1031.
Schmandra TC, Kim ZG, Gutt CN. 2001. Effect of insufflation gas and intraabdominal pressure on portal venous flow during pneumoperitoneum in the rat[J]. Surg Endosc, 15(4): 405-408.
Sebastiaan A, Christiaan FP, Kirpensteijn J. 2005. Neodymium: Yttrium Aluminum Garnet Surgical Laser versus Bipolar Electrocoagulation for Laparoscopic Ovariectomy in Dogs [J]. Vet Surg, 34:353-357
Seeger T, Kumper H, Failing K, et al. 2006. Comparison of Laparoscopic～Guided Abomasopexy versus Omentopexy Via Right Flank Laparotomy for the Treatment of Left Abomasal Displacement in Dairy Cows [J]. American Journal of Veterinary Research, 67(3):472-478.
Sehulte～Steinberg H, Meyerq Forst H. 1996. Arehigll risk Patientes and idates form inimally invasive surgery with CO_2 Pneumo Peritoneum. View Point from anesthesiology[J].Chirurg, 67(1):72-76.
Semm K. 1967. Das Pneumoperitoneummit CO_2 In Endoslopie Met hoden, Ergebnisse, L.Demling, L.Demling R. Ottenjann, deitors. Munich, Banaschewski, 16(1): 167-169.
Semm K. 1978. Tissue～puncher and looplingation New aids for surgical therapeutic pelviscopy(laparoscopy): Endoscopic intra-abdominal surgery.Endoscopy,10:119-127.
Semm K. 1982. The endoscopic intra-abdominal suture.Geburtshilfe Frauenheilkd,42:56-57.
Sietses C, Havenith CE, Eijsbouts QA,et al. 2000.Laparoscopic surgery preserver monocyte～mediated tumor cell killing in contrast to the conventional approach[J].Surg Endosc, 14:456-460.
Spinella G, Romagnoli N, Valentini S, et al. 2003. Application of the 'Extraction Bag'in Laparoscopic Treatment of Unilateral and Bilateral Abdominal Cryptorchidism in Dogs [J]. Veterinary Research Communications, 27:445-447.
Suzanne Odeberg Wernerman. 2000. Laparoscopic surgery effects on circulatory and respiratory physiology: an overview[J].Eur J Surg, Supp,58(5):4.
Tadashi Iwanaka, Marc S Arkovitz, GajraArya MS, et al. 1997.Evaluation of operativestress and peritoneal,macrophage function in minimally invasive operatio ns[J].Jourof the Am College of Surgeons,184:357-363.
Tan M, Xu FF, Peng JS, et al. 2003 .Changes in the level of serum liver enzymes after laparoscopic surgery[J]. World J Gastroenterol, 9(2):364
Tsimoyiannis EC, Siakas P, Tassis A, et al. 1998. Intraperitoneal normal saline infusion for postoperative pain after laparoscopic cholecystectomy[J].World J Surg, 22(8):824-828.
Ure BM, Niewold TA, Bax NMA, et al. 2002. Peritoneal, Systemic, and Distant Organ inflammatory Responses are Deduced by a Laparoscopic Approach and Carbon Dioxide versus Air [J]. Surg Endosc, 16(5):836-842.
Vallina VL, Velasco JM. 1996. The influence of laparoscopy on lymphocyte subpopuiations in the surgical patient.Surg Endose, 10(4):481-484.
Veress J. 1938. Neues Instrument zur Ausfuhrung von Brustoder Bauchpunktionen und Pneumot horaxbehandlung.Dtsch Med Wochenschr,41:1480.
Walder AD, Aitkenhead AR, AR. 1997. Role of vasopressin in the haemodynamic response to laparsxopic cholecysteetomy[J].Br Janaesth,78(3):264-266.
Wayand W, Woisetschlager R. 1993. Laparoskopische resektion einer lebermetastase. Chirurg, 64(3):195-197.
Wesley SW, Hardy J. 2004. Laparoscopic Repair of a Small Intestinal Mesenteric Rent in A Broodmare [J]. Veterinary Surgery, 33:92-95.
West MA, Hackam DJ, Barker J, et al. 1997. Mchanism of decreased in vitromutine macrophage eytokine release after exposure to carbon dioxide. Annals of surery.226:179.
Wildt DE, Lawler DF. 1985. Laparoscopic Sterilization of the Bitch and Queen by Uterine Horn Occlusion [J]. American Journal of Veterinary Research, 46(4):864-869
Wildt DE, Seager SW, Bridges CH. 1981. Sterilization of the Male Dog and Cat by Laparoscopic Occlusion of the Ductus Defrens [J]. American Journal of Veterinary Research, 42(11):1888-1897.
Wilson AD, Ferguson JG. 1984. Use of A Flexible Fiberoptic Laparoscope as a Diagnostic Aid in Cattle [J]. Can Vet J, 25:229-234
Wilson ER, Henderson RA, Montgomery RD, et al. 1996. A Comparison of Laparoscopic and Belt-Loop Gastropexy in Dogs [J]. Vet Surg, 25(3):221-227.
Windberger U, Siegl H, Woisetschlager R, et al. 1994. Hemodynamic changes during prolongde laparoscopic surgery[J]. Eur Surg Res, 26:1.
Winslow ER, Brunt LM. 2003. Perioperative outcomes of laparoscopic versus open splenectomy: A meta analysis with an emphasis on complications. Surgery, 134: 647-655.
Wittgen CM, Andrrus CH , Fitzgerald SD , et al. 1991.Analysis of the hemodynamic and ventilatory effects of laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Arch Surg, 12(6) :997.
Yahara N, Abe T, Morita K,et al. 2002.Comparison of interleukin-6,interleukin-8,and granulocyte colony stimulating factor production by the peritoneum in laparoscopic and open surgery [J] .Surg Endosc, 16:1615-1619.