四角切圆煤粉炉生物质气与煤粉混燃数值模拟
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摘要
生物质气与煤粉混燃发电能够充分利用现有发电厂设备及技术,降低成本。与生物质直燃相比,能够避免直燃中燃料处理、燃料输送所带来的问题,缓解锅炉结渣等问题且使煤灰成分不受影响。成为生物质能利用的一个重要技术。本文以元宝山600MW机组3#四角切圆煤粉炉为例,采用了FLUENT软件对基于气化的混燃进行了数值模拟。计算结果表明,混烧生物质气后使得炉膛温度下降,降低了NO排放,随着混燃比例的提高,炉膛温度降低,混燃比例达到50%时,平均温度比燃煤工况下降300K左右。为了获得较高的锅炉效率,就需降低混燃比例或增加对流换热面。随着混燃比例的升高,NO的排放量也逐步降低,NO的脱除率最低可达71%。改变生物质气的喷口位置的计算结果表明,将生物质气从最下层喷口喷入可以得到较高的炉膛温度和较低的NO排放浓度。
Gasification based biomass co-firing was a low-risk,low-cost technology that could make full use of the existing boiler system and technology.Compared to directly co-firing biomass and coal,it avoided biomass delivery into the boiler,reduced boiler slagging and avoided altered ash characteristics.In the study,numerical simulation of co-firing producer gas from biomass gasification and coal in a 600MWe tangential PC boiler was carried out with FLUENT software.The results showed that the reduction of NO emission could be achieved and the temperature decreased when co-firing.The effect of co-firing on combustion efficiency was slight.The temperature decreased with the proportion of biomass gas increased. The mean temperature decreased by 300K when the percentage of the biomass gas increased to 50%.The convection heat transfer area should be increased or the biomass gas should be limited to a low percentage to achieve higher boiler efficiency.NO emission decreased with the percentage of the biomass gas increased and the NO removal rate could reach 71%.The results showed that when the biomass gas was injected from the lowest layer of the burner,it could receive higher temperature and lower NO emission.
Gasification based biomass co-firing was a low-risk,low-cost technology that could make full use of the existing boiler system and technology.Compared to directly co-firing biomass and coal,it avoided biomass delivery into the boiler,reduced boiler slagging and avoided altered ash characteristics.In the study,numerical simulation of co-firing producer gas from biomass gasification and coal in a 600MWe tangential PC boiler was carried out with FLUENT software.The results showed that the reduction of NO emission could be achieved and the temperature decreased when co-firing.The effect of co-firing on combustion efficiency was slight.The temperature decreased with the proportion of biomass gas increased. The mean temperature decreased by 300K when the percentage of the biomass gas increased to 50%.The convection heat transfer area should be increased or the biomass gas should be limited to a low percentage to achieve higher boiler efficiency.NO emission decreased with the percentage of the biomass gas increased and the NO removal rate could reach 71%.The results showed that when the biomass gas was injected from the lowest layer of the burner,it could receive higher temperature and lower NO emission.
引文
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[45]Fluent Incorporated.GambitlModeling Guide.1998,122-151
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[2]霍雅勤.中国能源现状及可持续利用对策.中国能源,1999,2:42-44
[3]杨立忠,杨钧锡.新能源技术.北京:中国科学技术出版社,1994,30-35
[4]张无敌,刘士清,何彩云.生物质潜力及其能源转换.自然资源,1996,(4):22-25
[5]匡延云,马克平,白克智.生物质能研发展望.中国科学基金,2005,(6):326-330
[6]叶新睥.生物质燃料.生物学杂志,2004,21(2):32-38
[7]阴秀丽,吴创之,徐冰,陈勇,生物质气化对减少CO_2排放的作用,太阳能学报2000,21(1):40-44
[8]Koppejan J.Introduction and overview of technologies applied worldwide.Second world conference and exhibition on biomass for energy,industry and climate protection,Rome,Italy.2004,10-14
[9]蒋剑春.生物质能源应用现状与发展前景.林产化学与工业,2002,22(2):75-80
[10]P.McKendryEnergy.Production from biomass(part2):conversion technologies.Bioresource Technology,2002,83:47-54
[11]Tillman DA,Hughes E,Plasynski S.Commercializing biomass-coal cofiring:the process,status,and prospect.Proceedings of the Pittsburgh Coal Conference,Pittsburgh,PA,1999,11-13
[12]Larry Baxter,Biomass-coal co-combustion:opportunity for affordable renewable energy.Fuel,2005,84:1295-1302.
[13]D.A.Tillman.Biomass co-firing:the technology,the experience,the combustion consequences.Biomass and Bioenergy,2000,19:365-384.
[14]Mag(?)n Lapuerta,Juan J.Hern(?)ndez,Amparo Pazo,et al.Gasification and co-gasification of biomass wastes:Effect of the biomass origin and the gasifier operating conditions.Fuel processing technology.2008,89(9):828-837.
[15]Tillman DA.Biomass cofirring:field test results.ReportTR113903,Electric Power Research Institute,Palo Alto,CA,1999
[16]Hughes E.Biomass co-firing:Economics,policy and opportunities.Biomass Bioenergy,2000,19:45-65.
[17]W.Bemech,H.Kremer.Mathematical Modeling of Fluid Flow and Mixing in Tangentially Fired Furnaces.Proceeding of Twentieth Symposium(Int.)on Combustion,1984:549-557.
[18]R.K.Boyd,J.H.Kent.Three-Dimensional Furnace Computer Modelling.The 21st Symp.(int.)on Combustion.The Cobustion Institute,Pittsburgh,1986:265-273
[19]K.Gomer,W.Insser.Prediction of Three Dimensional Flows in Veility Baler Furnaces and Comparison with Experient.Comb.Sci.and Tech.,1988,58:43-57
[20]赵坚行.燃烧的数值模拟.北京:科学出版社,2002,186-190
[21]LaunderB.E.Second-Moment Closure:Methodology and Practice,Universiy of Manchester Institute of Science and Technology,1982
[22]Launder B.E.Second-Moment Closure:Methodology and Practice,TFD/82/4/,University of Manchester Institute of Science and Technology,1982
[23]Jones WP,Launder BE.Int J Heat Mass Transfer,1972
[24]Spalding D B.Basic Two-Phase Flow Modelling in Reactor Safety and Performance.EPRI Workshop Proceedings,2,1986
[25]许言武.使用超细煤粉再燃技术的锅炉炉内过程的数值模拟.[硕士学位论文],北京:华北电力大学,2004
[26]R Siegel,J R Howell.Thermal Radiation Heat Transfer.Washington D C:Hemisphere Publishing Corporation.1992
[27]周力行.湍流两相流动与燃烧的数值模拟.北京:清华大学出版社,1991,17-81
[28]Miller JA,BowmanCT,Prog,Energy,Combust,Sci,1989,15-28
[29]WilliamsA,PourkashanianM,ByshPeta.Fuel,1994,73(7):1006-10194
[30]LavoieGA,HeywoodJB,KeckJC,Combust,Sci,1970
[31]Chemical Kinetics Database,NIST Gaithersburg MD,USA,1992
[32]WilliamsA,PourkashanianM,Journal of the Institue of Energy,1995,70:102-1137
[33]N.Peters,Eighteenth symposiumon Combustion.The Combustion Institute,1981:33
[34]M.Missaghi,M.Pourkashanian,A.Williams,L.Yap.In Proceeding American Flame Days Conference,USA,1990
[35]Burch T.E,Tillman F.R,Chen W.Y.et al.Partitioning of Nitrogenous Species in the Fuel—Rich Stage of Reburning,Energy&Fuel,1991,5:231-237
[36]Chen W.Y.Ma Long.Effect of Heterogeneous Mechanisms During Reburning of Nitrogen Oxide.AICHE,Journal,1996,42(47):1968-1975
[37]MescherAM,EssenhighRH.Twenty-sixthsymposium(International)onCombust ion,The Combustion Institute,1996:3085
[38]BoardmanRD,SmootLD.Pollutantformationandcontrol.In:SmootLD,editor.F undamentals of coal combustion for clean and efficient use.Amsterdam:Elsevier,1993:433
[39]WanzlW,JahnsP,vanHeekK,H.In:Proceeding 1989 International Conference on Coal Science,Tokyo:Nedo,1989,627
[40]Blair DW,WendtJOL,Bartok,W.In:Sixteenth Symposium Internationalon Cobustion,Pittsburgh:The CombustionInsti-tute,1976,475
[41]Periera FJMA,[PhDThesis]Uk:University of Sheffield,1975
[42]GibbsBM,HampartsoumianE.FluidisedCombustion:Systemsand Applications,London,1980:201
[43]陶文铨.计算传热学的近代进展.北京:科学出版社,2000.6
[44]M.Dogru,C.R.Howarth,G.Akay et al.Gasification of hazelnut shells in a downdraft gasifier.Energy,2002,27:415-427
[45]Fluent Incorporated.GambitlModeling Guide.1998,122-151
[46]黄荣国,张瑾.复杂三维流动数值模拟的非重叠区域分解法.水动力学研究与进展,2001,16(1):45-50