地沟油生物柴油和酸化油生物柴油降粘及发动机台架试验研究
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摘要
生物柴油是一种绿色可再生能源,发展生物柴油对解决我国的能源紧缺、环境污染等问题,具有重大的战略意义。虽然国内外对生物柴油的研究较多,但大多研究生物柴油的制备工艺,对生物柴油的降粘问题研究较少。本课题主要针对生物柴油的降粘问题(特别是地沟油生物柴油的降粘问题)以及生物柴油动力性及经济性进行了试验研究。
降低生物柴油的粘度方面,主要采用超声波法、磁场法和掺入乙醇法对地沟油生物柴油、酸化油生物柴油进行降粘。超声波法是通过改变超声波的作用频率、强度和作用时间来降低粘度,研究结果表明:超声波对酸化油生物柴油的最高降粘率为8.3%;对地沟油生物柴油的最高降粘率为13.2%,且最佳的参数组合为作用频率1.25 MHz,作用时间17 min,作用强度45 W/cm2。磁场法是将生物柴油分别置于磁铁同性相对、异性相对放置的两种磁场中,结果表明:磁铁同性相对放置时降粘效果明显,对酸化油生物柴油的最高降粘率为16%,对地沟油生物柴油的最高降粘率为26%;另外研究了磁处理效果的保持时间为5h。乙醇掺入法通过将一定量乙醇分别与地沟油生物柴油、酸化油生物柴油均匀混合降低粘度,结果表明:加入体积分数5%、10%、20%乙醇,酸化油生物柴油的降粘率分别为26.5%、29.4%、32.7%,地沟油生物柴油降粘率分别为35.7%、43.8%、49.6%。
生物柴油的动力性和经济性,分别采用酸化油生物柴油与0#石化柴油不同掺烧比的混合燃料、酸化油生物柴油与无水乙醇不同掺烧比的混合燃料的发动机台架试验研究。在发动机未作任何调整的情况下,做外特性试验,分别测取了相应功率、扭矩、燃油消耗率和碳烟排放数据等。试验结果表明,综合动力性、经济性和碳烟排放三方面,酸化油生物柴油与0#石化柴油混合燃料的最佳混合比例为B30;酸化油生物柴油与无水乙醇混合燃料的最佳混合比例为E5B95。
As a kind of green renewable energy resources, the development of biodiesel to mitigate the shortage of energy supply, reduce environmental pollution is of great significance. Though study on biodiesel is especially hot at home and aboard, most of them focus on biodiesel preparation technology and have few researches on reducing viscosity of biodiesel. This research topic mainly does some experimental researches on reducing viscosity problem (especially waste cooking oil), power performance and fuel economy of biodiesel.
In this topic, some methods such as ultrasonic wave method, magnetic field method and ethanol added method were introduced to reduce viscosity of waste cooking oil biodiesel and acidic oil biodiesel. By means of changing acting frequencies, strength and acting time of ultrasonic wave to reduce viscosity, the results indicated that the maximum viscosity reduction rate was 8.3% for acidic oil biodiesel while 13.2% for waste cooking oil biodiesel. Optimal combinations of parameters were acting frequencies (1.25MHz), strength 45W/cm2 and 17min acting time. By keeping biodiesel in mutual attraction and mutual exclusiveness magnetic field respectively, the results showed that mutual exclusive magnetic field had an obvious effect on reducing viscosity with the maximum viscosity reduction rate of 16% to acidic oil biodiesel and 26% to waste cooking oil bildiesel. Meanwhile, Results showed that the holding time was 5h with the effect of magnetic treatment. By mixing a certain amount of ethanol with waste cooking oils biodiesel homogeneously, the results of Ethanol added method showed that by adding 5%, 10% and 20% amount of Ethanol, the corresponding of viscosity reduction rate were 26.5%, 29.4% and 32.7% for acidic oil biodiesel while 35.7%, 43.8% and 49.6% for waste oil biodiesel.
To research power performance and fuel economy of biodiesel, the engine tests were conducted by adopting blended fuel which was composed of acidic oil biodiesel and number 0 petroleum diesels with different blending proportions. Blended fuel composed of acidic oil biodiesel and ethanol with different blending proportions was also adopted to do the same engine tests. The outer characteristic test was done before no engine modification was made. Measured corresponding power, torque, fuel consumption rate, soot emission respectively. The results showed that optimal blended ratio of acidic oil biodiesel and number 0 petroleum diesel was B30 by considering power performance, fuel economy and soot emission comprehensively. Meanwhile, the optimal blended ratio of acidic oil biodiesel and ethanol was E5B95.
降低生物柴油的粘度方面,主要采用超声波法、磁场法和掺入乙醇法对地沟油生物柴油、酸化油生物柴油进行降粘。超声波法是通过改变超声波的作用频率、强度和作用时间来降低粘度,研究结果表明:超声波对酸化油生物柴油的最高降粘率为8.3%;对地沟油生物柴油的最高降粘率为13.2%,且最佳的参数组合为作用频率1.25 MHz,作用时间17 min,作用强度45 W/cm2。磁场法是将生物柴油分别置于磁铁同性相对、异性相对放置的两种磁场中,结果表明:磁铁同性相对放置时降粘效果明显,对酸化油生物柴油的最高降粘率为16%,对地沟油生物柴油的最高降粘率为26%;另外研究了磁处理效果的保持时间为5h。乙醇掺入法通过将一定量乙醇分别与地沟油生物柴油、酸化油生物柴油均匀混合降低粘度,结果表明:加入体积分数5%、10%、20%乙醇,酸化油生物柴油的降粘率分别为26.5%、29.4%、32.7%,地沟油生物柴油降粘率分别为35.7%、43.8%、49.6%。
生物柴油的动力性和经济性,分别采用酸化油生物柴油与0#石化柴油不同掺烧比的混合燃料、酸化油生物柴油与无水乙醇不同掺烧比的混合燃料的发动机台架试验研究。在发动机未作任何调整的情况下,做外特性试验,分别测取了相应功率、扭矩、燃油消耗率和碳烟排放数据等。试验结果表明,综合动力性、经济性和碳烟排放三方面,酸化油生物柴油与0#石化柴油混合燃料的最佳混合比例为B30;酸化油生物柴油与无水乙醇混合燃料的最佳混合比例为E5B95。
As a kind of green renewable energy resources, the development of biodiesel to mitigate the shortage of energy supply, reduce environmental pollution is of great significance. Though study on biodiesel is especially hot at home and aboard, most of them focus on biodiesel preparation technology and have few researches on reducing viscosity of biodiesel. This research topic mainly does some experimental researches on reducing viscosity problem (especially waste cooking oil), power performance and fuel economy of biodiesel.
In this topic, some methods such as ultrasonic wave method, magnetic field method and ethanol added method were introduced to reduce viscosity of waste cooking oil biodiesel and acidic oil biodiesel. By means of changing acting frequencies, strength and acting time of ultrasonic wave to reduce viscosity, the results indicated that the maximum viscosity reduction rate was 8.3% for acidic oil biodiesel while 13.2% for waste cooking oil biodiesel. Optimal combinations of parameters were acting frequencies (1.25MHz), strength 45W/cm2 and 17min acting time. By keeping biodiesel in mutual attraction and mutual exclusiveness magnetic field respectively, the results showed that mutual exclusive magnetic field had an obvious effect on reducing viscosity with the maximum viscosity reduction rate of 16% to acidic oil biodiesel and 26% to waste cooking oil bildiesel. Meanwhile, Results showed that the holding time was 5h with the effect of magnetic treatment. By mixing a certain amount of ethanol with waste cooking oils biodiesel homogeneously, the results of Ethanol added method showed that by adding 5%, 10% and 20% amount of Ethanol, the corresponding of viscosity reduction rate were 26.5%, 29.4% and 32.7% for acidic oil biodiesel while 35.7%, 43.8% and 49.6% for waste oil biodiesel.
To research power performance and fuel economy of biodiesel, the engine tests were conducted by adopting blended fuel which was composed of acidic oil biodiesel and number 0 petroleum diesels with different blending proportions. Blended fuel composed of acidic oil biodiesel and ethanol with different blending proportions was also adopted to do the same engine tests. The outer characteristic test was done before no engine modification was made. Measured corresponding power, torque, fuel consumption rate, soot emission respectively. The results showed that optimal blended ratio of acidic oil biodiesel and number 0 petroleum diesel was B30 by considering power performance, fuel economy and soot emission comprehensively. Meanwhile, the optimal blended ratio of acidic oil biodiesel and ethanol was E5B95.
引文
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