工程机械冷却系统智能控制装置设计及试验研究
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摘要
为解决工程机械在施工作业过程中经常出现的发动机过热、液压传动系统液压油冷却不足、耗能大等问题,本文设计了电液混合驱动冷却系统智能控制装置。本设计将原冷却系统分成发动机冷却系统和液压传动冷却系统,发动机冷却系统采用液力驱动,液压油冷却系统采用电机驱动,由单片机根据检测到的温度信号对两冷却系统进行控制。这种冷却系统可使冷却风扇与发动机分开布置,克服了传统冷却系统的各种弊端,减小了风扇安装时的径向间隙,提高了其容积效率,降低了能耗,并有效解决了发动机和液压传动系统的过热问题。
发动机冷却系统采用电磁比例溢流阀控制的液压马达驱动冷却风扇和水泵,单片机可以根据冷却液温度和目标冷却液温度调节液压驱动系统中电磁比例溢流阀的电流,进而控制液压油的流量,实现冷却风扇和水泵转速的自动调节;液压油冷却系统利用电机驱动液压油冷却风扇,由单片机根据液压油的温度及设定的液压油温度控制电机转速,实现冷却风扇转速的自动调节。
发动机冷却控制系统及液压油冷却控制系统主要采用模糊控制理论进行控制,它不需要掌握受控对象的精确数学模型,而根据人工控制规则组织控制决策表,然后由该表决定控制量的大小。课题研究内容主要包括:冷却控制系统整体设计、控制系统硬件设计及选型、控制系统软件设计和控制系统试验。控制系统的硬件设计主要指接口电路设计,软件采用模块化结构进行设计,主要包括主控制模块、中断处理模块、滤波模块、温度采样模块、报警模块等。
试验表明:该冷却系统控制装置不仅可以有效解决工程机械发动机过热和液压油冷却不足等问题,而且还具有安装灵活、节省燃油、降低噪声、体积小、功率低等优点,符合现代发动机冷却系统的发展趋势。将该冷却系统控制装置在工程机械中推广运用,将会获得较大的经济、社会效益。
In order to solve the over-heat problem of the engine and inadequate cooling of the oil radiator as well as too much consumption of energy etc, we designed the electro-hydraulic mix-drive cooling control system, which divide traditional cooling system into two independent system, the engine cooling system and the oil cooling system. The engine cooling system was driven by hydraulic-oil, while the oil cooling system was driven by electric motor, both of the two cooling system were controlled by a single-chip according to the temperature signal which was detected by sensors. This new cooling system can cooling oil and engine separately, thus overcome many shortages exist in traditional cooling system, at the same time shortened the axial-distance when preparing the installation of the fan and improved its volumetric efficiency, lowed energy consumption of the engine, most importantly it solved the over-heat problem of the engine cooling system and the oil cooling system efficiently.
The fan and pump of the engine cooling system using hydraulic motor as the original force, the flow-rate of which was controlled by electro-magnetic proportional over-flow valve, the single-chip can regulate the current value according to the coolant temperature and the target temperature, then the flow-rate of the hydraulic oil was controlled, finally the speed of the fan and the pump was controlled automatically. The fan of the oil cooling system was driven by a direct-current motor, the speed of the motor can be regulated by the single-chip which according to the temperature signal of the oil taken by oil sensor and the target temperature, at last the system can modulate the speed of the oil cooling fan automatically.
The engine and oil cooling control system mainly using fuzzy control theory, in that it no need to find the specific mathematic mode of the control object, according to the control decision table which was organized by people, then from the table the system can decide the value of the control parameters. This research mainly include the following parts: the over-all design of this cooling control system, hardware design and choosing of the control system, software design and tests of this control system. Hardware design of this control system lies in the interface circuit design, while software design mainly include: main control mode design, interruption processing design, filter design, temperature sampling mode design and alarming mode design, etc.
Test results show that this cooling system control device not only can solve the over heat problem of the construction machinery, but also has many other advantages, such as flexible installation, fuel saving, low nosing, small volumetric, and low power consumption, etc. This kind of cooling system suit the development of modern engine cooling system, after using this kind of control system in construction machinery largely, we will profit more from this device socially and economically.
发动机冷却系统采用电磁比例溢流阀控制的液压马达驱动冷却风扇和水泵,单片机可以根据冷却液温度和目标冷却液温度调节液压驱动系统中电磁比例溢流阀的电流,进而控制液压油的流量,实现冷却风扇和水泵转速的自动调节;液压油冷却系统利用电机驱动液压油冷却风扇,由单片机根据液压油的温度及设定的液压油温度控制电机转速,实现冷却风扇转速的自动调节。
发动机冷却控制系统及液压油冷却控制系统主要采用模糊控制理论进行控制,它不需要掌握受控对象的精确数学模型,而根据人工控制规则组织控制决策表,然后由该表决定控制量的大小。课题研究内容主要包括:冷却控制系统整体设计、控制系统硬件设计及选型、控制系统软件设计和控制系统试验。控制系统的硬件设计主要指接口电路设计,软件采用模块化结构进行设计,主要包括主控制模块、中断处理模块、滤波模块、温度采样模块、报警模块等。
试验表明:该冷却系统控制装置不仅可以有效解决工程机械发动机过热和液压油冷却不足等问题,而且还具有安装灵活、节省燃油、降低噪声、体积小、功率低等优点,符合现代发动机冷却系统的发展趋势。将该冷却系统控制装置在工程机械中推广运用,将会获得较大的经济、社会效益。
In order to solve the over-heat problem of the engine and inadequate cooling of the oil radiator as well as too much consumption of energy etc, we designed the electro-hydraulic mix-drive cooling control system, which divide traditional cooling system into two independent system, the engine cooling system and the oil cooling system. The engine cooling system was driven by hydraulic-oil, while the oil cooling system was driven by electric motor, both of the two cooling system were controlled by a single-chip according to the temperature signal which was detected by sensors. This new cooling system can cooling oil and engine separately, thus overcome many shortages exist in traditional cooling system, at the same time shortened the axial-distance when preparing the installation of the fan and improved its volumetric efficiency, lowed energy consumption of the engine, most importantly it solved the over-heat problem of the engine cooling system and the oil cooling system efficiently.
The fan and pump of the engine cooling system using hydraulic motor as the original force, the flow-rate of which was controlled by electro-magnetic proportional over-flow valve, the single-chip can regulate the current value according to the coolant temperature and the target temperature, then the flow-rate of the hydraulic oil was controlled, finally the speed of the fan and the pump was controlled automatically. The fan of the oil cooling system was driven by a direct-current motor, the speed of the motor can be regulated by the single-chip which according to the temperature signal of the oil taken by oil sensor and the target temperature, at last the system can modulate the speed of the oil cooling fan automatically.
The engine and oil cooling control system mainly using fuzzy control theory, in that it no need to find the specific mathematic mode of the control object, according to the control decision table which was organized by people, then from the table the system can decide the value of the control parameters. This research mainly include the following parts: the over-all design of this cooling control system, hardware design and choosing of the control system, software design and tests of this control system. Hardware design of this control system lies in the interface circuit design, while software design mainly include: main control mode design, interruption processing design, filter design, temperature sampling mode design and alarming mode design, etc.
Test results show that this cooling system control device not only can solve the over heat problem of the construction machinery, but also has many other advantages, such as flexible installation, fuel saving, low nosing, small volumetric, and low power consumption, etc. This kind of cooling system suit the development of modern engine cooling system, after using this kind of control system in construction machinery largely, we will profit more from this device socially and economically.
引文
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