生物质气化产气的模拟及优化研究
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摘要
生物质是一种可再生的环境友好型能源资源。作为生物质能利用的一种主要技术,生物质气化有重要的研究意义。本论文提出ASPEN PLUS软件模拟生物质气化的总体思路,建立了三种流程图,对比分析确定了其中的一种进行模拟。模拟数据与文献数据相比, H_2体积分数偏大,CH_4体积分数偏小,气体热值略偏小。
然后结合沈阳某生物质气化燃烧供热系统中的气化原料,模拟分析了气化温度、空气当量比(ER)、碳的转化率和气化压力等因素对干气体产率、气体成分、气体热值和气化效率等的影响。对于自供热气化炉,在气化温度增加的过程中,干气体产率增加,气体热值和气化效率下降;在空气当量比(ER)增加的过程中,气化温度和干气体产率增加,气体热值和气化效率下降;在C的转化率增加的过程中,气化温度下降,干气体产率、气体热值和气化效率均增加;在气化压力增加的过程中,气化温度和气体热值增加,干气体产率和气化效率下降。
对气化温度、空气当量比(ER)和气化压力等对干气体产率、气体热值和气化效率等的影响力度进行对比分析之后,以空气当量比(ER)为变量进行了灵敏性分析。通过对甲烷体积分数的修正,模拟得出稻壳气化综合效果最佳时的空气当量比(ER)。最后预测了此时的气化温度、干气体产率、气体热值和气化效率。
Biomass is a renewable and environment-friendly energy resource. As a main technology of using biomass energy, biomass gasification is of great research significance. An overall idea of simulating biomass gasification using ASPEN PLUS software is proposed in this thesis,then three flowsheets are also established.After comparation and analysis, one flowsheet is selected. Compared with literature data,the simulation data has higher hydrogen volume fraction, lower methane volume fraction and slightly lower heating value.
Based on the gasification material which is used in a biomass gasification combustion and heating system in Shenyang, some simulation analysises of the gasification temperature, equivalence ratio (ER), carbon conversion efficiency and gasification pressure are took on the yield of dry gas, gas composition, heating value and gasification efficiency.In a heat-self-supporting gasifier , when the gasification temperature increases, the yield of dry gas increases, while the heating value and the gasification efficiency decrease. When the equivalence ratio (ER) increases,the gasification temperature and the yield of dry gas increase, while the heating value and the gasification efficiency decrease. When carbon conversion efficiency increases,the gasification temperature decreases, while the yield of dry gas , the heating value and the gasification efficiency increase. When the gasification pressure increases, the gasification temperature and the heating value increase,while the yield of dry gas and the gasification efficiency decrease.
After the effecting degree of gasification temperature, equivalence ratio (ER) and gasification pressure on the yield of dry gas, heating value and gasification efficiency are compared and analysised,several sensitivity analysises are took on the variation of equivalence ratio (ER). After the volume fraction of methane is modified,the simulation gets the best equivalence ratio (ER) for rusk gasification,and finally gets the simulation prediction of the gasification temperature, the yield of dry gas, heating value and gasification efficiency.
然后结合沈阳某生物质气化燃烧供热系统中的气化原料,模拟分析了气化温度、空气当量比(ER)、碳的转化率和气化压力等因素对干气体产率、气体成分、气体热值和气化效率等的影响。对于自供热气化炉,在气化温度增加的过程中,干气体产率增加,气体热值和气化效率下降;在空气当量比(ER)增加的过程中,气化温度和干气体产率增加,气体热值和气化效率下降;在C的转化率增加的过程中,气化温度下降,干气体产率、气体热值和气化效率均增加;在气化压力增加的过程中,气化温度和气体热值增加,干气体产率和气化效率下降。
对气化温度、空气当量比(ER)和气化压力等对干气体产率、气体热值和气化效率等的影响力度进行对比分析之后,以空气当量比(ER)为变量进行了灵敏性分析。通过对甲烷体积分数的修正,模拟得出稻壳气化综合效果最佳时的空气当量比(ER)。最后预测了此时的气化温度、干气体产率、气体热值和气化效率。
Biomass is a renewable and environment-friendly energy resource. As a main technology of using biomass energy, biomass gasification is of great research significance. An overall idea of simulating biomass gasification using ASPEN PLUS software is proposed in this thesis,then three flowsheets are also established.After comparation and analysis, one flowsheet is selected. Compared with literature data,the simulation data has higher hydrogen volume fraction, lower methane volume fraction and slightly lower heating value.
Based on the gasification material which is used in a biomass gasification combustion and heating system in Shenyang, some simulation analysises of the gasification temperature, equivalence ratio (ER), carbon conversion efficiency and gasification pressure are took on the yield of dry gas, gas composition, heating value and gasification efficiency.In a heat-self-supporting gasifier , when the gasification temperature increases, the yield of dry gas increases, while the heating value and the gasification efficiency decrease. When the equivalence ratio (ER) increases,the gasification temperature and the yield of dry gas increase, while the heating value and the gasification efficiency decrease. When carbon conversion efficiency increases,the gasification temperature decreases, while the yield of dry gas , the heating value and the gasification efficiency increase. When the gasification pressure increases, the gasification temperature and the heating value increase,while the yield of dry gas and the gasification efficiency decrease.
After the effecting degree of gasification temperature, equivalence ratio (ER) and gasification pressure on the yield of dry gas, heating value and gasification efficiency are compared and analysised,several sensitivity analysises are took on the variation of equivalence ratio (ER). After the volume fraction of methane is modified,the simulation gets the best equivalence ratio (ER) for rusk gasification,and finally gets the simulation prediction of the gasification temperature, the yield of dry gas, heating value and gasification efficiency.
引文
1袁振宏,吴创之,马隆龙等.生物质能利用原理与技术.北京:化学工业出版社,2004,11
2中华人民共和国全国人民代表大会.中华人民共和国可再生能法R.北京:中华人民共和国全国人民代表大会. 2006
3 Peter Mckendry. Energy production from biomass(part 1) : Overview of biomass . Bioresouce Technology . 2002,24(1) : 37~46
4李鹏,王维新,吴杰等.生物质气化及气化炉的研究进展.农村新能源. 2007,3: 46~48
5 Joao Valente Nabais,Peter Carrott,M. M. L. Ribeiro Carrot. Influence of preparation conditions in the textural and Chemical properties of activated carbons from a novel biomass precursor: The coffee endocarp. BioresourceTechnology. 2008 , 99: 7224~7231
6 Magin Lapuerta,JuanJ. Hernandez,AmparoPazo. Gasification and co-gasification of biomass wastes: Effect of the biomass origin and the gasifier operating conditions. FUEL PROCESSING TECHNOLOGY. 2008,89: 828~837
7 P.Garca-Bacaicoa,J.F.Mastral,J.Ceamanos. Gasication of biomass /high density polyethylene mixtures in a down draf tgasier. Bioresource Technology. 2008,99: 5485~5491
8 Nobusuke Kobayashi,Miku Tanaka,Guilin Piao. High temperature air-blownwoody biomass gasication model. Waste Management. 2008,1~7
9 Priyanka Kaushal,Tobias Proll,Hermann Hofbauer. Model for biomass char combustion in the riser of a dual fluidized bed gasification unit: Part1-Model development and sensitivity analysis. FUEL PROCESSING TECHNOLOGY. 2008,89 : 651~659
10 Mook Tzeng Lim,Zainal Alimuddin. Bubbling fuidized bed biomass gasication-Performance, process findings and energy analysis. Renewable Energy. 2008,33: 2339~2343
11 A. Zgragge, A. Steinfeld. Heat and mass transfer analysis of a suspension of reacting particles subjected to concentrated solar radiation-Application to the steam-gasication of carbonaceous materials. International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer. 2008: 1~11
12 G. van Rossum, B. Potic, S .R. A. Kersten, W. P. M. van Swaaij . Catalytic gasication of dry and wet biomass. Catalysis Today. 2008: 1~9
13 Kazuya Nakamura, Tomohisa Miyazawa, Takuya Sakurai. etc. Promoting effect of MgO addition to / / / in the steam gasification of biomass. Applied Catalysis B. Environmental. 2007, 1~32 Pt Ni CeO2 Al2 O3
14 Thomas Weimer, Roland Berger, Craig Hawthorne, J.Carlos Abanades. Lime enhanced gasication of solid fuels: Examination of a process. Fuel. 2008, 87: 1678~1686
15 T.-J.Huang, M.-C.Huang. Effect of Ni content on hydrogen production via steam reforming of methane over Ni/GDC catalysts. Chemical Engineering Journal. 2007:1~25
16 M.E.Rivas, C.E.Hori, J.L.G.Fierro.ect. production from decomposition: Regeneration capability and performance of nickel and rhodium oxide catalysts. Journal of Power Sources. 2008, 184: 265~275 H 2CH4
17田成民.我国生物质气化技术研究概况.化工时刊. 2004,18(12) : 19~21
18骆仲泱,周劲松,王树荣等.中国生物质能利用技术评价.清洁电力行动. 2004,26(9): 39~42
19王琨.超临界生物质气化制氢反应过程研究.大连理工大学硕士学位论文.2007, 6
20苑塔亮.超临界水中生物质气化制氢实验研究.大连理工大学硕士学位论文. 2006, 5
21张永春,张军,曾娜.超临界水中生物质气化制氢的反应路径.能源研究与利用. 2007(2):1~4
22宿凤明,孙绍增,赵义军.生物质空气气化机理和燃气品质影响因素研究.哈尔滨工业大学学报. 2006,38(11): 1898~1902
23谭洪.生物质热裂解机理实验研究.浙江大学博士学位论文. 2005,5
24郝德海,董玉平,刘岗.理想状态下农作物秸秆的收集成本数学模型探析.
376~383
25周密,阎立峰,王益群等.生物质定向气化制合成气—气化热力学模型与模拟.化学物理学报. 2005,18(1): 69~74
26李大中,王红梅,韩璞.流化床生物质气化动力学模型建立.华北电力大学学报. 2008,35(1): 4~8
27蒋受宝,蒋绍坚,张灿.生物质气化计算平衡模型.中南林学院学报. 2006,26(2): 68~71
28文丽华,骆仲泱.生物质的多组分热解动力学模型.浙江大学学报(工学版) . 2005,39(2): 247~252
29肖小清,孙新.高温空气气化的卵石床气化炉的数学模型研究.动力工程.2003,23(5): 2652~2658
30罗凯,陈汉平,王贤华等.生物质焦及其特性.可再生能源. 2007,25(1): 17~22
31豆斌,潘卫国,任建兴.生物质气化过程中焦油蒸气催化脱除的研究. 43~50
32朱锡锋.生物质热解原理与技术.合肥:中国科学技术大学出版社. 2006,9
33张瑞芹.生物质衍生的燃料和化学物质.郑州:郑州大学出版社.2004,9
34马隆龙,吴创之,孙立.生物质气化技术及其应用.北京:化学工业出版社. 2003,4
35刘荣厚,牛卫生,张大雷.生物质热化学转换技术.北京:化学工业出版社. 2005,5
36 Aspen Tednology. Aspen Plus U ser Guide . USA: Aspen Technology ,2000
37杨国来,陈汉平,米铁等.不同因素对生物质气化产出气特性的影响.可再生能源. 2007,25(3): 34~38
38高杨,肖军,沈来宏.生物质气化制氢的模拟.燃烧科学与技术. 2006,12(6): 540~544
39 Cardoso J F. Sources separation using higher order moments. InternationalConference on Acoustic. Speechand Signal Processing. Glasgow. 1989
40 Aapo Hyvarinen,Erkki Oja. Independent component analysis: algorithms and applications. Neural Networks. 2000,13: 411~430
41 Zhao Yuehong,Wen Hao,Xu Zhihong. Conceptual design and simulation study of a co-gasification technology. Energy Conversion and Management. 2006,47: 1416~1428
42 K.D.Panopoulos,L.E.Fryda,J.Karl,S.Poulou,E.Kakaras. High temperature solid oxide fuel cell integrated with novel allothermal biomass gasification Part I: Modelling and feasibility study. Journal of Power Sources. 2006,159: 570~585
43张巍巍,陈雪莉,王辅臣.基于Aspen Plus模拟生物质气流床气化工艺过程.太阳能学报. 2007,28(12):1360~1364
44张宗飞,汤连英,吕庆元等.基于Aspen Plus的粉煤气化模拟.化肥设计. 2008,46(3)14~18
45 Philippe Mathieu,Raphael Dubuisson. Performance analysis of a biomass gasifier. Energy Conversion and Management. 2002,43: 1291~1299
46 Laihong Shen,Yang Gao,Jun Xiao. Simulation of hydrogen production from biomass gasification in interconnected fluidized beds. Biomass and bioenergy . 2008,32: 120~127
47 Giulio Donolo,Giulio De Simon,Maurizio Fermeglia. Steady state simulation of energy production from biomass by molten carbonate fuel cells. Journal of Power Sources. 2006,158:1282~1289
48陈汉平,赵向富,米铁等.基于ASPEN PLUS平台的生物质气化模拟.华中科技大学学报(自然科学版) . 2007,35(9):49~52
49 Mehrdokht Behnam Nikoo. Simulation of biomass gasification using Aspen Plus. Dissertation for the Master Degree in Engineering. University of Regina. 2007
50 Sirigudi Rahul Rao. Biomass to ethanol: process simulation,validation and sensitivity analysis of a gasifier and a bioreactor. Dissertation for the Master Degree in Engineering. Oklahoma State University. 2005
51 Parag P. Jhonsa. Modeling of pyrolysis furnace producing ethylene. Dissertation for the Master Degree in Engineering. Texa A&I University. 1992
52陈平.生物质流化床气化机理与工业应用研究.中国科学技术大学博士学位论文. 2006,5
53 Xuantian Li. Biomass gasification in a circulating fluidized bed. Dissertation for the Doctor Degree in Engineering . University of British Columbia. 2002
54沈永兵.生物质气化制氢数值模拟和实验研究.东南大学博士学位论文.2006,4
55钟浩.以蒸汽为气化剂的生物质热解和完全气化技术研究.云南师范大学硕士学位论文. 2000,6
56林竹.一种气化数学模型及木屑的高温气化试验.东南大学硕士学位论文. 2005,4
57 G.Schuster,G.Lo,K.Weigl,H.Hofbauer. Biomass steam gasidication-an extensive parametric modeling study. Bioresource Technology. 2001,77: 71~79
58 Pratik N.Sheth,B.V.Babu. Experimental studies on producer gas generation from wood waste in a downdraft biomass gasifier. Bioresource Technology.2009,1~7 - 64 -
2中华人民共和国全国人民代表大会.中华人民共和国可再生能法R.北京:中华人民共和国全国人民代表大会. 2006
3 Peter Mckendry. Energy production from biomass(part 1) : Overview of biomass . Bioresouce Technology . 2002,24(1) : 37~46
4李鹏,王维新,吴杰等.生物质气化及气化炉的研究进展.农村新能源. 2007,3: 46~48
5 Joao Valente Nabais,Peter Carrott,M. M. L. Ribeiro Carrot. Influence of preparation conditions in the textural and Chemical properties of activated carbons from a novel biomass precursor: The coffee endocarp. BioresourceTechnology. 2008 , 99: 7224~7231
6 Magin Lapuerta,JuanJ. Hernandez,AmparoPazo. Gasification and co-gasification of biomass wastes: Effect of the biomass origin and the gasifier operating conditions. FUEL PROCESSING TECHNOLOGY. 2008,89: 828~837
7 P.Garca-Bacaicoa,J.F.Mastral,J.Ceamanos. Gasication of biomass /high density polyethylene mixtures in a down draf tgasier. Bioresource Technology. 2008,99: 5485~5491
8 Nobusuke Kobayashi,Miku Tanaka,Guilin Piao. High temperature air-blownwoody biomass gasication model. Waste Management. 2008,1~7
9 Priyanka Kaushal,Tobias Proll,Hermann Hofbauer. Model for biomass char combustion in the riser of a dual fluidized bed gasification unit: Part1-Model development and sensitivity analysis. FUEL PROCESSING TECHNOLOGY. 2008,89 : 651~659
10 Mook Tzeng Lim,Zainal Alimuddin. Bubbling fuidized bed biomass gasication-Performance, process findings and energy analysis. Renewable Energy. 2008,33: 2339~2343
11 A. Zgragge, A. Steinfeld. Heat and mass transfer analysis of a suspension of reacting particles subjected to concentrated solar radiation-Application to the steam-gasication of carbonaceous materials. International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer. 2008: 1~11
12 G. van Rossum, B. Potic, S .R. A. Kersten, W. P. M. van Swaaij . Catalytic gasication of dry and wet biomass. Catalysis Today. 2008: 1~9
13 Kazuya Nakamura, Tomohisa Miyazawa, Takuya Sakurai. etc. Promoting effect of MgO addition to / / / in the steam gasification of biomass. Applied Catalysis B. Environmental. 2007, 1~32 Pt Ni CeO2 Al2 O3
14 Thomas Weimer, Roland Berger, Craig Hawthorne, J.Carlos Abanades. Lime enhanced gasication of solid fuels: Examination of a process. Fuel. 2008, 87: 1678~1686
15 T.-J.Huang, M.-C.Huang. Effect of Ni content on hydrogen production via steam reforming of methane over Ni/GDC catalysts. Chemical Engineering Journal. 2007:1~25
16 M.E.Rivas, C.E.Hori, J.L.G.Fierro.ect. production from decomposition: Regeneration capability and performance of nickel and rhodium oxide catalysts. Journal of Power Sources. 2008, 184: 265~275 H 2CH4
17田成民.我国生物质气化技术研究概况.化工时刊. 2004,18(12) : 19~21
18骆仲泱,周劲松,王树荣等.中国生物质能利用技术评价.清洁电力行动. 2004,26(9): 39~42
19王琨.超临界生物质气化制氢反应过程研究.大连理工大学硕士学位论文.2007, 6
20苑塔亮.超临界水中生物质气化制氢实验研究.大连理工大学硕士学位论文. 2006, 5
21张永春,张军,曾娜.超临界水中生物质气化制氢的反应路径.能源研究与利用. 2007(2):1~4
22宿凤明,孙绍增,赵义军.生物质空气气化机理和燃气品质影响因素研究.哈尔滨工业大学学报. 2006,38(11): 1898~1902
23谭洪.生物质热裂解机理实验研究.浙江大学博士学位论文. 2005,5
24郝德海,董玉平,刘岗.理想状态下农作物秸秆的收集成本数学模型探析.
376~383
25周密,阎立峰,王益群等.生物质定向气化制合成气—气化热力学模型与模拟.化学物理学报. 2005,18(1): 69~74
26李大中,王红梅,韩璞.流化床生物质气化动力学模型建立.华北电力大学学报. 2008,35(1): 4~8
27蒋受宝,蒋绍坚,张灿.生物质气化计算平衡模型.中南林学院学报. 2006,26(2): 68~71
28文丽华,骆仲泱.生物质的多组分热解动力学模型.浙江大学学报(工学版) . 2005,39(2): 247~252
29肖小清,孙新.高温空气气化的卵石床气化炉的数学模型研究.动力工程.2003,23(5): 2652~2658
30罗凯,陈汉平,王贤华等.生物质焦及其特性.可再生能源. 2007,25(1): 17~22
31豆斌,潘卫国,任建兴.生物质气化过程中焦油蒸气催化脱除的研究. 43~50
32朱锡锋.生物质热解原理与技术.合肥:中国科学技术大学出版社. 2006,9
33张瑞芹.生物质衍生的燃料和化学物质.郑州:郑州大学出版社.2004,9
34马隆龙,吴创之,孙立.生物质气化技术及其应用.北京:化学工业出版社. 2003,4
35刘荣厚,牛卫生,张大雷.生物质热化学转换技术.北京:化学工业出版社. 2005,5
36 Aspen Tednology. Aspen Plus U ser Guide . USA: Aspen Technology ,2000
37杨国来,陈汉平,米铁等.不同因素对生物质气化产出气特性的影响.可再生能源. 2007,25(3): 34~38
38高杨,肖军,沈来宏.生物质气化制氢的模拟.燃烧科学与技术. 2006,12(6): 540~544
39 Cardoso J F. Sources separation using higher order moments. InternationalConference on Acoustic. Speechand Signal Processing. Glasgow. 1989
40 Aapo Hyvarinen,Erkki Oja. Independent component analysis: algorithms and applications. Neural Networks. 2000,13: 411~430
41 Zhao Yuehong,Wen Hao,Xu Zhihong. Conceptual design and simulation study of a co-gasification technology. Energy Conversion and Management. 2006,47: 1416~1428
42 K.D.Panopoulos,L.E.Fryda,J.Karl,S.Poulou,E.Kakaras. High temperature solid oxide fuel cell integrated with novel allothermal biomass gasification Part I: Modelling and feasibility study. Journal of Power Sources. 2006,159: 570~585
43张巍巍,陈雪莉,王辅臣.基于Aspen Plus模拟生物质气流床气化工艺过程.太阳能学报. 2007,28(12):1360~1364
44张宗飞,汤连英,吕庆元等.基于Aspen Plus的粉煤气化模拟.化肥设计. 2008,46(3)14~18
45 Philippe Mathieu,Raphael Dubuisson. Performance analysis of a biomass gasifier. Energy Conversion and Management. 2002,43: 1291~1299
46 Laihong Shen,Yang Gao,Jun Xiao. Simulation of hydrogen production from biomass gasification in interconnected fluidized beds. Biomass and bioenergy . 2008,32: 120~127
47 Giulio Donolo,Giulio De Simon,Maurizio Fermeglia. Steady state simulation of energy production from biomass by molten carbonate fuel cells. Journal of Power Sources. 2006,158:1282~1289
48陈汉平,赵向富,米铁等.基于ASPEN PLUS平台的生物质气化模拟.华中科技大学学报(自然科学版) . 2007,35(9):49~52
49 Mehrdokht Behnam Nikoo. Simulation of biomass gasification using Aspen Plus. Dissertation for the Master Degree in Engineering. University of Regina. 2007
50 Sirigudi Rahul Rao. Biomass to ethanol: process simulation,validation and sensitivity analysis of a gasifier and a bioreactor. Dissertation for the Master Degree in Engineering. Oklahoma State University. 2005
51 Parag P. Jhonsa. Modeling of pyrolysis furnace producing ethylene. Dissertation for the Master Degree in Engineering. Texa A&I University. 1992
52陈平.生物质流化床气化机理与工业应用研究.中国科学技术大学博士学位论文. 2006,5
53 Xuantian Li. Biomass gasification in a circulating fluidized bed. Dissertation for the Doctor Degree in Engineering . University of British Columbia. 2002
54沈永兵.生物质气化制氢数值模拟和实验研究.东南大学博士学位论文.2006,4
55钟浩.以蒸汽为气化剂的生物质热解和完全气化技术研究.云南师范大学硕士学位论文. 2000,6
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