土壤环境中人工合成麝香的生态行为及效应研究
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摘要
人工合成麝香作为一种替代型香料被广泛应用于日用化工行业,由于其持续不断地输入环境,其中一些典型化合物如加乐麝香和麝香酮等,在水、土壤和大气环境中的浓度日益增加,并且在动物体和人体组织中产生了蓄积作用,其效应相当于持久性有机污染物,为此,人工合成麝香作为一种新型污染物,其生态行为及生态效应已经越来越受到关注。本文研究了人工合成麝香(加乐麝香和麝香酮)和典型重金属镉(Cd)单一、复合污染对小麦种子发芽的急性毒性效应以及加乐麝香对重金属镉在棕壤中吸附解吸行为的影响,为合理评价人工合成麝香和Cd污染土壤的生态风险提供理论依据。
研究结果表明:人工合成麝香(麝香酮、加乐麝香)-镉复合污染对小麦根长和芽长伸长都有极显著的抑制作用。麝香酮和镉单一、复合污染条件下,根长和芽长抑制率与麝香酮浓度之间存在显著的剂量-效应关系。此外,加乐麝香和低浓度的镉(2 mg·kg-1)复合污染对小麦根长和芽长有协作效应。实验结果还表明根长和芽长是指示麝香酮、加乐麝香和Cd单一、复合污染最为敏感的指标。然而,麝香酮与加乐麝香对小麦种子发芽和根长、芽长伸长具有不同的毒性效应。
加乐麝香对Cd在土壤中吸附解吸行为的影响的研究结果表明,无论加乐麝香存在与否,Freundlich方程是描述镉等温吸附行为最好的方程。低浓度的加乐麝香抑制棕壤对镉的吸附,而高浓度的加乐麝香促进Cd在棕壤中的吸附。土壤对镉的解吸容量随加乐麝香浓度的增加先增加,然后又迅速减少。在加乐麝香与镉共存体系中,双常数方程是拟合Cd在棕壤中吸附解吸动力学过程的最优方程。加乐麝香浓度对吸附速率随时间的变化的影响不显著。
As the substituted fragrances, synthetic musks are widely used in the personal care products industry. Due to the continuous input to environment, some typical synthetic musks such as galaxolide and Musk ketone are being increased in water, soil and air, and have been accumulated in tissues of animals and human beings. As a result, the presence of synthetic musks in environment was just like persistent organic pollutants (POPs). Therefore, synthetic musks have been considered as emerging organic pollutants, whose behavior and toxicity has become a hotspot. In this study, single and joint effects of different concentration of synthetic musks (including musk ketone(MK) and galaxolide (HHCB)) and typical heavy mental cadmium(Cd) on wheat (Triticum aestivum) and the cadmium adsorption-desorption in burozem influenced by galaxolide (HHCB) were investigated. All of these will provide scientifical basis for the risk assessment of soils polluted by synthetic musks and cadmium.
Results indicated that synthetic musks (MK and HHCB) and Cd had markedly significant inhibition on shoot and root elongation of wheat. The dose-effect relationships between the inhibition rates of wheat shoot and root elongation and MK concentrations with or without Cd addition were significant. HHCB and low concentration of Cd (2 mg·kg-1) had synergistic effects on shoot and root elongation of wheat. The results also showed that shoot and root elongation were the most sensitive indexes. And MK and HHCB showed different extent of toxicity to wheat seedlings.
The adsorption-desorption results showed that Freundlich equation was the optimal model to describe the adsorptive-desorption isotherm of Cd2+ in burozem with or without HHCB addition. Low HHCB concentration treatment inhibited the adsorption capacity of Cd, while high HHCB concentration played a promoting role. The desorptive capacity was increased and then decreased rapidly with the increasing of HHCB concentrations. In the coexisting system of HHCB and Cd, the adsorptive-desorption kenitic of Cd2+ was fitting best with two-constant equation. HHCB treatments had no significant effect on the adsorptive rate.
研究结果表明:人工合成麝香(麝香酮、加乐麝香)-镉复合污染对小麦根长和芽长伸长都有极显著的抑制作用。麝香酮和镉单一、复合污染条件下,根长和芽长抑制率与麝香酮浓度之间存在显著的剂量-效应关系。此外,加乐麝香和低浓度的镉(2 mg·kg-1)复合污染对小麦根长和芽长有协作效应。实验结果还表明根长和芽长是指示麝香酮、加乐麝香和Cd单一、复合污染最为敏感的指标。然而,麝香酮与加乐麝香对小麦种子发芽和根长、芽长伸长具有不同的毒性效应。
加乐麝香对Cd在土壤中吸附解吸行为的影响的研究结果表明,无论加乐麝香存在与否,Freundlich方程是描述镉等温吸附行为最好的方程。低浓度的加乐麝香抑制棕壤对镉的吸附,而高浓度的加乐麝香促进Cd在棕壤中的吸附。土壤对镉的解吸容量随加乐麝香浓度的增加先增加,然后又迅速减少。在加乐麝香与镉共存体系中,双常数方程是拟合Cd在棕壤中吸附解吸动力学过程的最优方程。加乐麝香浓度对吸附速率随时间的变化的影响不显著。
As the substituted fragrances, synthetic musks are widely used in the personal care products industry. Due to the continuous input to environment, some typical synthetic musks such as galaxolide and Musk ketone are being increased in water, soil and air, and have been accumulated in tissues of animals and human beings. As a result, the presence of synthetic musks in environment was just like persistent organic pollutants (POPs). Therefore, synthetic musks have been considered as emerging organic pollutants, whose behavior and toxicity has become a hotspot. In this study, single and joint effects of different concentration of synthetic musks (including musk ketone(MK) and galaxolide (HHCB)) and typical heavy mental cadmium(Cd) on wheat (Triticum aestivum) and the cadmium adsorption-desorption in burozem influenced by galaxolide (HHCB) were investigated. All of these will provide scientifical basis for the risk assessment of soils polluted by synthetic musks and cadmium.
Results indicated that synthetic musks (MK and HHCB) and Cd had markedly significant inhibition on shoot and root elongation of wheat. The dose-effect relationships between the inhibition rates of wheat shoot and root elongation and MK concentrations with or without Cd addition were significant. HHCB and low concentration of Cd (2 mg·kg-1) had synergistic effects on shoot and root elongation of wheat. The results also showed that shoot and root elongation were the most sensitive indexes. And MK and HHCB showed different extent of toxicity to wheat seedlings.
The adsorption-desorption results showed that Freundlich equation was the optimal model to describe the adsorptive-desorption isotherm of Cd2+ in burozem with or without HHCB addition. Low HHCB concentration treatment inhibited the adsorption capacity of Cd, while high HHCB concentration played a promoting role. The desorptive capacity was increased and then decreased rapidly with the increasing of HHCB concentrations. In the coexisting system of HHCB and Cd, the adsorptive-desorption kenitic of Cd2+ was fitting best with two-constant equation. HHCB treatments had no significant effect on the adsorptive rate.
引文
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